CN110617065B - Stope structure arrangement mode of steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein cut-wall filling mining method - Google Patents
Stope structure arrangement mode of steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein cut-wall filling mining method Download PDFInfo
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- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a structural arrangement mode of a mining field adopting a steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein wall-cutting filling mining method, wherein a bottom-pulling space is tunneled from pedestrian ventilation patios at two sides to the interior of an ore block along the upper boundary of a bottom pillar (15), a plurality of off-road chutes are tunneled upwards at one side of a middle section transportation roadway (10) close to an ore body upper plate to serve as chute shafts, wall-cutting holes (4) are respectively drilled in upper and lower wall-cutting surrounding rocks (8), ore-dropping holes (9) are drilled in extremely-thin ore veins (1), pre-cracking holes (3) are drilled in an ore rock contact surface (2), the upper and lower wall-cutting surrounding rocks (8) after collapse form waste rock filling bodies (6), and then tailing cemented filling is used for forming tailing cemented filling bodies (5) -waste rock filling bodies (6) -tailing cemented filling bodies (5) to finally form mixed filling bodies of tailing cemented filling bodies (5). The invention improves the strength of the mixed filling body, realizes the purpose of controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock, and avoids secondary dilution of the ore by using the tailing cemented filling body (5) as a ore falling platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to a filling mining method of a thin vein, which is particularly suitable for filling mining of a steeply inclined and extremely thin vein with the average thickness of a mineral seam of 0.5-1.2 m and the dip angle of the vein of 65-75 degrees.
Background
The steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein has complex occurrence conditions and is a complex and difficult-to-mine ore deposit type in the development process of mineral resources. Few mining methods are currently available for mining such ore bodies. Data analysis shows that the mining methods for mining the ultrathin veins in China mostly use a comprehensive method, an shrinkage mining method, a cut-wall filling mining method and deformation schemes thereof, other mining methods are less in use, and compared with developed countries of mining industry, the mining methods have a considerable gap, and the common problems are as follows: low degree of mechanized operation, high labor intensity of workers, low production capacity of a stope, high dilution loss rate, potential safety hazard and the like.
In metal mines in China, thin ore deposits occupy a certain proportion, and many precious metal ore deposits and rare metal ore deposits belong to extremely thin ore deposits, and particularly the proportion of the ore deposits in molybdenum, tin, gold, silver and the like is large. According to the existing data, most of the rock-gold veins in China are gold-containing quartz veins, thin veins with the thickness of 0.8-4 m and extremely thin veins with the thickness of less than 0.8 m. Because the thickness of the ore body is relatively thin, in order to ensure the necessary operation space, a separate mining and filling mining method is generally adopted for stoping.
The summary of the mining methods of the steeply dipping thin veins is summarized in the text of the research on the method of the steeply dipping thin veins published in 3 months in 2018 of world nonferrous metals, and mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) a sublevel stope subsequent filling method: the method comprises the steps of horizontally arranging ore rooms and ore pillars in sections, arranging a rock drilling gallery close to the lower wall of an ore body, drilling medium-length holes parallel to the inclination of the ore body upwards in the rock drilling gallery, enabling the distance between blast holes to be 0.8-1.2 m and the row spacing to be 1.2-1.5 m, blasting and ore falling row by taking a cutting raise as a free surface, and filling a goaf by using a subsequent barren rock filling method after ore removal is completed.
(2) A sublevel rock drilling middle-section ore removal subsequent filling method: parallel medium-length holes are drilled in a segmented rock drilling roadway, in order to prevent adjacent blast hole bottoms from being drilled through, the distance between the blast hole bottoms is controlled to be larger than 0.5m, then a cutting raise is expanded to form a vertical cutting groove, the cutting groove is used as a free surface to perform row-by-row blasting after the medium-length holes are charged and connected, ore is removed by means of mechanical shovel loading equipment, and the mining is performed in a retreating mode from the middle to two sides. The upper and lower adjacent sections are in step-shaped stoping, and the stoping of the upper section is advanced to that of the lower section.
(3) Sublevel caving method without sill pillar: when ore body stoping is carried out, the sublevel transportation roadway is arranged on the lower wall of the ore body, a rock drilling roadway is arranged in the ore body along the trend, upward parallel medium-length holes are drilled in the rock drilling roadway, the distance between blast hole holes is 0.8-1.2 m, the distance between blast hole rows is 1.2-1.5 m, and after fractional blasting, the rock drilling roadway is used as a mine removal roadway and a scraper is used for mine removal. Between adjacent sections, the mining is segmented from top to bottom.
However, the three methods are not suitable for mining the steeply inclined and extremely thin veins with the average thickness of the ore body of 0.5-1.2 m and the inclination angle of 65-75 degrees.
Chinese patent 201710856936.8 discloses a controlled blasting method for improving the ore-breaking efficiency of the cut wall filling method, the technical scheme is as follows: firstly, carrying out rock drilling blasting twice in a mine vein and carrying out concentrated ore removal once, then drilling a wall-cutting blast hole on an upper wall surrounding rock or a lower wall surrounding rock to be subjected to wall cutting, carrying out wall-cutting hole blasting surrounding rock to fill a stope, and repeating the steps until the stope recovery is finished. Although the method improves ore breaking efficiency and reduces mixing rate of waste rocks, the method also has the following technical defects:
(1) the secondary rock drilling operation position of the ore vein is positioned at the boundary of the surrounding rock on the upper wall or the lower wall, so that the rock drilling efficiency is low, and the blasting effect of secondary ore falling under the clamping action is poor;
(2) although the ore body and the surrounding rock are blasted in a grading way, the ore mining cannot be realized in a grading way, so that the ore dilution rate is higher;
(3) and the gob is completely filled with the waste rocks, so that the deformation effect of the surrounding rock is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structural arrangement mode of a mining field adopting a steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein paring and filling mining method, aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the aims of improving the rock drilling efficiency, reducing the ore dilution rate and controlling the deformation of surrounding rocks are fulfilled by reasonably arranging the paring position, the blast hole depth, the ore falling sequence, the waste rock filling body thickness and the tailing cemented filling body thickness.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention relates to a structural arrangement mode of a steeply inclined extremely thin vein cut wall filling mining stope, the average thickness of a mineral seam is 0.5-1.2 m, the dip angle of the vein is 65-75 degrees, and the technical scheme is as follows:
tunneling a middle-section transportation roadway every 30-60 m from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the vein to divide the ultrathin vein into a plurality of middle sections, wherein the height of each middle section is preferably 40-50 m; dividing the ultra-thin vein into a plurality of ore blocks every 20-70 m along the trend of the ore body, reserving top pillars with the thickness of 3-7 m at the tops of the ore blocks, reserving bottom pillars with the thickness of 3-7 m at the bottoms of the ore blocks, and preferably setting the thicknesses of the top pillars and the bottom pillars to be 4-6 m; respectively tunneling a pedestrian ventilation raise upwards on two sides of the ore block to communicate the upper middle section air return roadway and the middle section transportation roadway; tunneling a bottom-pulling space from pedestrian ventilation patios at two sides to the interior of the ore block along the upper boundary of the bottom pillar, wherein the height of the bottom-pulling space is 3-7 m, preferably 4-6 m; tunneling a plurality of off-road orepasses upwards on one side of the middle section haulage roadway close to the ore body footwall to serve as orepasses, wherein the distance between every two adjacent off-road orepasses is 10-15 m; drilling cutting wall holes in the upper and lower wall cutting surrounding rocks, drilling ore breaking holes in the extremely thin ore vein, drilling pre-splitting holes in the ore rock contact surface, wherein the depth difference value among the cutting wall holes, the ore breaking holes and the pre-splitting holes is controlled within the range of 0-0.2 m, and the blast hole depth of the pre-splitting holes, the ore breaking holes and the cutting wall holes is preferably kept the same; the upper and lower wall cutting surrounding rocks after collapse form a waste rock filling body; and (3) adopting tailing cemented filling with the height of 0.3-0.6 m to fill the waste rock filling body, and finally forming a mixed filling body of the tailing cemented filling body, the waste rock filling body and the tailing cemented filling body. The height of the tailing cemented filling body is preferably controlled within the range of 0.35-0.45 m.
Furthermore, in order to prevent the waste rocks from leaving the pit, the sum of the volumes of the operation space, the waste rock filling body and the tailing cemented filling body is just equal to the volume of the goaf.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the stope structure arrangement mode of the steeply inclined extremely-thin vein cut-wall filling mining method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) and (3) performing tailing cemented filling on the waste rock filling body for 0.3-0.6 m to form a mixed filling body of the tailing cemented filling body, the waste rock filling body and the tailing cemented filling body, wherein the mixed filling body can obviously improve the strength of the mixed filling body and effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock.
(2) The caving ore is piled on the surface of the flat tailing filling body, so that the ore pile is isolated from the waste rocks, and secondary dilution of the ore is avoided; the ore is removed from the surface of the flat tailing filling body by adopting a scraper or a small scraper, so that the ore removal efficiency can be obviously improved.
(3) The vein is blasted before surrounding rock, and the pre-cracked holes are arranged at the position of the rock contact surface for the same-time advanced falling hole differential blasting, so that the ore and rock sub-mining is realized in a real sense, and the ore dilution rate is obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural arrangement of a cut-wall cut-and-fill stope of a steeply dipping ultra-thin vein of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of area A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a stope structure arrangement of the steep ultra-thin vein cut-wall cut-and-fill mining method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a view B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an initial stage of mining;
fig. 7 is a view a-a of fig. 6.
Labeled as: 1-extra-thin veins; 2-the ore rock interface; 3-pre-splitting holes; 4-paring a hole; 5-tailing cementing the filling body; 6-waste rock filling body; 7-middle section return airway; 8-paring surrounding rock; 9-ore falling holes; 10-middle section transportation roadway; 11-caving the heap; 12-pedestrian ventilation patio; 13-pass; 14-a top pillar; 15-bottom pillar; 16-a bottoming space.
Detailed Description
To better describe the present invention, the following will describe in further detail the arrangement of the stope structure of the steeply dipping ultra-thin vein cut-wall stoping method according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiment, the average thickness of the ore bed is 0.72 m, the dip angle of the ore vein is 68.5 degrees, and the ore bed belongs to a steeply inclined extremely thin ore vein.
As shown in fig. 1, the schematic diagram of the structural arrangement of the mining site adopting the steep ultrathin vein paring and filling mining method of the invention is combined with fig. 2 and fig. 3, and the structural arrangement of the mining site adopting the steep ultrathin vein paring and filling mining method of the invention divides the ultrathin vein 1 into a plurality of middle sections by tunneling middle section haulage roadways 10 every 50m in an ore body along the vertical direction of the vein; the ultra-thin vein 1 is divided into a plurality of ore blocks every 50m along the trend of an ore body, a top pillar 14 with the thickness of 5m is reserved at the top of the ore block, a bottom pillar 15 with the thickness of 5m is reserved at the bottom of the ore block, and two pedestrian ventilation patios 12 are respectively tunneled upwards on two sides of the ore block to be communicated with an upper middle section air return roadway 7 and a middle section haulage roadway 10.
As shown in the initial schematic diagram of ore block mining shown in fig. 6 and combined with fig. 7, a bottom-drawing space 16 is tunneled from pedestrian ventilation patios 12 on two sides to the interior of the ore block along the upper boundary of a bottom pillar 15, the height of the bottom-drawing space 16 is 5m, a plurality of off-road chutes 13 are tunneled upwards on one side of a middle-section haulage roadway 10 close to an ore body footwall to serve as ore chutes, and the distance between the adjacent off-road chutes 13 is 12 m;
as shown in fig. 1, the schematic diagram of the structural arrangement of the stope adopting the steep ultrathin vein wall-cutting filling mining method of the invention is combined with fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, after the ore block is subjected to the bottom-drawing work, wall-cutting holes 4 are drilled in upper and lower wall-cutting surrounding rocks 8, a ore-dropping hole 9 is drilled in an ultrathin vein 1, and a pre-cracking hole 3 is drilled in an ore rock contact surface 2; the depth difference value of the wall cutting hole 4, the ore falling hole 9 and the pre-splitting hole 3 is controlled within the range of 0-0.1 m; and blasting the wall-cutting holes 4, and forming waste rock filling bodies 6 by the upper and lower disc wall-cutting surrounding rocks 8 after the collapse.
In order to prevent the caving ore pile 11 from falling on the waste rock filling body 6 and effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, the waste rock filling body 6 is leveled before ore falling, and then the tailing cemented filling body is cemented and filled for 0.4m to form the tailing cemented filling body 5.
The schematic drawing of ore breakage in the stope structure arrangement mode of the steep ultrathin vein paring and filling mining method shown in fig. 3 and combined with fig. 4 show that after the tailing cemented filling body 5 reaches the specified curing strength, the same-time differential blasting of the pre-cracked holes 3 and the ore breakage holes 9 is carried out, the pre-cracked holes 3 are blasted in advance of the ore breakage holes 9, and the lead time is 10-30 ms; the caving ore pile 11 falls on the tailing cemented filling body 5; after ore falling is completed, the ore is transported to a smooth pass shaft 13 by a small scraper or a scraper, and then is transported to a shaft bottom yard by a middle section haulage roadway 10.
After ore removal is finished, the steps 2), 3), 4) and 5) are carried out from bottom to top, and finally the mixed filling body of the tailing cemented filling body 5, the waste rock filling body 6 and the tailing cemented filling body 5 is formed until the whole ore block is completely mined.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid the waste rock entering the caving ore pile 11 to cause the ore to be depleted again, the blasting sequence of the ore rocks is strictly controlled, so that the blasting of the ore vein precedes the blasting of the surrounding rocks.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a steeply incline extremely thin ore vein paring cut filling mining method stope structure arrangement mode, the average thickness of ore deposit is at 0.5 ~ 1.2 meters, and ore vein inclination 65 ~ 68.5, its characterized in that:
tunneling middle section transportation roadways (10) every 50-60 m in an ore body along the vertical direction of the ore vein to divide the ultrathin ore vein (1) into a plurality of middle sections, wherein the height of each middle section is 40-50 m; dividing the ultra-thin vein (1) into a plurality of ore blocks every 20-70 m along the trend of an ore body, reserving a top pillar (14) with the thickness of 5-7 m at the top of each ore block, reserving a bottom pillar (15) with the thickness of 5-7 m at the bottom of each ore block, and tunneling a pedestrian ventilation raise (12) upwards at two sides of each ore block to communicate an upper middle section air return roadway (7) and a middle section transportation roadway (10); digging a bottom-pulling space (16) towards the interior of an ore block along the upper boundary of a bottom pillar (15) in pedestrian ventilation patios (12) at two sides, wherein the height of the bottom-pulling space (16) is 3-7 m, a plurality of off-road chutes (13) serving as ore chutes are upward dug at one side of a middle section haulage roadway (10) close to an ore body footwall, and the distance between every two adjacent off-road chutes (13) is 10-15 m; wall cutting holes (4) are formed in wall cutting surrounding rocks (8) of the upper and lower discs, ore breaking holes (9) are drilled in the extremely thin ore vein (1), pre-splitting holes (3) are drilled in the ore rock contact surface (2), and the depth difference value among the wall cutting holes (4), the ore breaking holes (9) and the pre-splitting holes (3) is controlled to be 0-0.2 m; the upper and lower disc wall cutting surrounding rocks (8) which are collapsed form a waste rock filling body (6); adopting tailing cemented filling to fill a tailing cemented filling body (5) with the height of 0.3-0.6 m on the waste rock filling body (6) to finally form a mixed filling body of the tailing cemented filling body (5) -waste rock filling body (6) -tailing cemented filling body (5); the sum of the volumes of the operation space, the waste rock filling body (6) and the tailing cemented filling body (5) is just equal to the volume of the goaf.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stope structure is characterized by comprising: the length of each ore block is 30-60 m, the thickness of the top pillar (14) and the bottom pillar (15) is 5-6 m, the height of the bottom pulling space (16) is 4-6 m, and the distance between adjacent off-road orepasses (13) is 12-15 m; the height of the tailing cemented filling body (5) is 0.4-0.5 m.
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| CN111894592A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-06 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Wall column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method |
| CN112282837B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2023-03-31 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Underground mine mining and charging arrangement form |
| CN112815795B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-10-18 | 安徽马钢张庄矿业有限责任公司 | Blasting method for end part extremely-thin ore body resources |
| CN113482618B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-07-25 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Mining method for assisting caving |
| CN113982588A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-01-28 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | High-dipping extremely-thin ore body gob subsequent dry filling mining method and application |
| CN114483037B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-12-16 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Steep dip thin ore vein up-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method |
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