CN114483037B - Steep dip thin ore vein up-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method - Google Patents
Steep dip thin ore vein up-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114483037B CN114483037B CN202210012854.6A CN202210012854A CN114483037B CN 114483037 B CN114483037 B CN 114483037B CN 202210012854 A CN202210012854 A CN 202210012854A CN 114483037 B CN114483037 B CN 114483037B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
Abstract
The steeply inclined thin ore vein up-down deep hole combined stepped low dilution mining method comprises the following steps and conditions: the ore body is segmented along the depth direction, and the height of each segment is smaller than the height of the stable segment of the ore rock; each upper section and each lower section form a stoping stage, the ramp connects the stages in series and arranges a vein-following roadway, the vein-following roadway of the lower section is a space for blasting ore bodies and a transportation road for mining in the mine-receiving roadway and the stages, the vein-following roadway of the upper section is used as a rock drilling roadway for drilling downward medium-length holes in the upper section, and the vein-following roadway of the upper section is continuously used for the lower section of the previous stage after stoping and filling in the stage; dividing the chambers, and arranging the chambers at intervals in the region of the extravenal roadway along the direction of the ore body; the mining of the lower section in each chamber needs to go ahead two blasting cycles of the upper section and retreat in a step mode, the lower section adopts an upward medium-length hole, the upper section adopts a downward medium-length hole, the chambers are blasted simultaneously, and the chambers are filled after the stoping.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mining technology, in particular to a steep dip thin vein up-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method.
Background
The mining technology of the steeply dipping thin ore vein mainly comprises a shallow hole shrinkage method, a cut wall filling method and a layered filling method at present. The three traditional mining methods are all thousands of years, but all have the following defects or problems: firstly, shallow hole blasting is adopted, and the mining capacity is extremely low; secondly, the excavation engineering is large, the mechanical application condition is poor, and the requirement of large-scale mining is difficult to realize; thirdly, the mining cost is high, and the economic benefits of the mine are poor.
Therefore, the application of the medium-length hole blasting technology of thick ore bodies in steeply inclined thin ore vein is taken as an important research direction at home and abroad, but the single blasting height of the medium-length hole blasting is larger, the blasting rows are more, the blasting clamping force is larger, the single blasting loading capacity is larger to resist the problem of larger blasting clamping force, the superblasting problem is serious generally, the ore dilution rate is high, the mine production cost is overhigh, the economic benefit is low, and the medium-length hole blasting technology is difficult to be widely popularized and applied to the stoping of the steeply inclined thin ore vein. Therefore, how to improve the common problems of the deep hole mining technology in the steeply inclined thin vein, realize large-scale mining, improve the economic benefit of the mine and have important technical and creative values.
Therefore, the method for combined stepped low-dilution mining of the steeply inclined thin vein and the upward and downward medium-length hole is particularly urgent to solve the problems that the ore dilution rate is high, the mining engineering quantity is large, the stope mining preparation time is long, and large-scale mining is difficult to realize in the application process of the current steeply inclined thin vein and medium-length hole blasting technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a steep dip thin vein up-down combined stepped low dilution mining method for medium-length holes, which can realize high-efficiency extraction of the steep thin vein, greatly reduce the amount of mining engineering, effectively control the general problem of overhigh dilution rate of medium-length hole blasting in application of the steep thin vein, realize large-scale mining of the steep thin vein mine and greatly improve the economic benefit of the mine.
The task of the invention is completed by the following technical scheme:
the steeply inclined thin vein and up-and-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method aims at the steeply inclined thin vein mining, reduces single medium-length hole blasting height through up-and-down medium-length hole combined stepped stoping, effectively controls blasting clamping force, reduces single blasting maximum charge, and greatly reduces superblast amount to realize optimum steeply inclined thin vein and medium-length hole blasting dilution rate and improve supplied ore grade position, and the method comprises but is not limited to the following specific steps and conditions:
A. the ore body is segmented along the depth direction, and the height of each segment is smaller than the height of each stable segment according to the stable condition of ore rocks of each segment, so that the mining capacity is maximized under the condition of ensuring that the dilution rate of ore of each segment is low;
B. taking each upper subsection and each lower subsection as a stoping stage, connecting and connecting the stages through a slope ramp, arranging vein-following tunnels in the ore body of the upper subsection and the lower subsection along the trend of the ore body, determining whether the lower subsection is provided with an extravein transportation tunnel according to the ore amount, grade level and priority sequence of mining in the stages, reasonably determining extravein engineering amount through the priority, wherein the vein-following tunnels of the lower subsection are not only a free space for blasting the ore body and an ore receiving tunnel but also a main transportation road for mining the ore in the stages, and the vein-following tunnels of the upper subsection are used as rock drilling tunnels of the lower subsection of the upper subsection which penetrates and bores downwards and inwards after the stoping of the stage is finished and filled;
C. dividing and setting the chambers, and respectively setting each chamber at intervals in the area where the extrapulous roadway is arranged or in the area where the extrapulous roadway is not arranged along the direction of the ore body;
D. stoping in the ore room, stoping in each ore room according to a retreat mode, and stoping sequence of each ore room: the area without the vein outer roadway is retreat type stoping, the area with the vein outer roadway is retreat type stoping or the mining priority is determined according to the grade of each chamber, the chamber with higher mining priority is preferentially mined, the stoping of the lower section in each chamber is in step retreat stoping by two blasting cycles of the upper section in advance, the lower section adopts an upward medium-length hole, the upper section adopts a downward medium-length hole, the upper section and the lower section are blasted simultaneously, the chamber is ventilated in time after single-cycle blasting is finished, the chamber is shoveled and loaded by a shoveling and conveying machine, and the chamber filling is carried out after stoping is finished, so that the damage to the vein outer roadway or the adjacent undeployed chamber caused by the appearance of earth pressure is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The method has the advantages of reducing the single medium-length hole blasting height, effectively controlling the blasting clamping force, reducing the maximum charge amount of single blasting, greatly reducing the over-blasting amount, realizing the optimal dilution rate of the medium-length hole blasting of the steeply inclined thin vein, and improving the ore supply grade.
(2) The upper and lower subsections are combined into one section for simultaneous mining, the subsection rock drilling and the stage ore removal are realized in the steeply inclined thin ore vein, the single-cycle blasting amount is improved, the mining capacity of a chamber is effectively increased, and the large-scale mining of the steeply inclined thin ore vein is realized.
(3) The method reduces the vein-following roadway engineering or vein-following roadway and extravein engineering between the upper and lower sections, reduces the amount of mining engineering, shortens the preparation time of stoping of a chamber, and has important time economic value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a steeply inclined thin ore vein up-down medium-length hole combined stepped low-dilution mining method provided by the invention.
In the drawings, the symbols represent:
1. the gob side entry 2, stage 21, lower section 22, upper section 3, blast holes 31, upward medium-length holes 32, downward medium-length holes A, and ore B are filled in
The description is further described in detail below with reference to the following drawings.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the steep dip thin vein and up-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method provided by the invention aims at the steep dip thin vein mining, reduces the single medium-length hole blasting height by combining up-down medium-length hole combined stepped mining, effectively controls the blasting clamping force, reduces the maximum charge amount of single blasting, and greatly reduces the over-blast amount, so as to realize the optimum dilution rate of the steep dip thin vein and the improvement of the supplied ore level by the medium-length hole blasting, and includes but is not limited to the following specific steps and conditions:
A. the ore body is segmented along the depth direction, and the height of each segment is smaller than the height of each stable segment according to the stable condition of ore rocks of each segment, so that the mining capacity is maximized under the condition of ensuring that the dilution rate of ore of each segment is low;
B. each upper subsection (22) and each lower subsection (21) are used as a stoping stage (2), the stages (2) are connected and communicated in series through a slope way, a vein-following roadway (1) is arranged in the ore body of each upper subsection (22) and each lower subsection (21) along the trend of the ore body, whether the lower subsection (21) is provided with an extravein transportation roadway or not is determined according to the quantity of ores in the stages, the grade level and the priority of mining, the extravein engineering quantity is reasonably determined through the priority, the vein-following roadway (1) of each lower subsection (21) is not only a free space and an ore receiving roadway for blasting the ore body but also a main transportation road for mining the ores in the stages, the vein-following roadway (1) of each upper subsection (22) is used as a rock drilling roadway penetrating downwards into a medium-length hole (32) of each upper subsection (22), and after the stoping and filling (A) of each stage (2) are finished, the vein-following roadway (1) is used as the vein-following roadway (1) of the lower subsection (21) of the upper stage;
C. dividing and setting the chambers, and respectively setting each chamber at intervals in the area where the extrapulous roadway is arranged or in the area where the extrapulous roadway is not arranged along the direction of the ore body;
D. stoping in the ore room, stoping in each ore room according to a retreat mode, and stoping sequence of each ore room: the mining method comprises the steps that a backward mining mode is adopted in an area without an extra-pulse roadway, the area with the extra-pulse roadway is the backward mining mode or the mining priority is determined according to the grade of each chamber, the chamber with the higher mining priority is preferentially mined, the mining of a lower subsection (21) in each chamber is in a step-type backward mining mode by advancing two blasting cycles of an upper subsection (22), the lower subsection (21) adopts an upward medium-length hole (31), the upper subsection (22) adopts a downward medium-length hole (32), the upper subsection (22) and the lower subsection (21) are blasted simultaneously, the chamber is ventilated timely after the single-cycle blasting is finished, a scraper is used for shoveling and loading ores (B), and the chamber filling (A) is carried out after the backward mining is finished, so that the damage to the extra-pulse roadway or adjacent unexplored chambers caused by the ground pressure display is avoided.
The process of the invention may further be
The stope stoping adopts the upper subsection (22) and the lower subsection (21) to independently charge and detonate separately in a grading mode, the upper subsection (22) is detonated as an upper half wheel, the lower subsection (21) is detonated as a lower half wheel, and only the lower subsection (21) is detonated in the early stage, so that the lower subsection (21) forms a step shape in advance to the upper subsection (22).
The division is provided with a chamber, an area for arranging an out-of-vein roadway is arranged, and a chamber is arranged at intervals of about 30m along the trend of an ore body.
The division is provided with a chamber, and a chamber is arranged at about 50m intervals along the trend of the ore body in the area without an extra-pulse roadway.
In the embodiment, the average thickness of an ore body of a certain mine is 0.7m, the inclination angle of the ore body is 85-90 degrees, the length change of the ore body is larger and average between 200-1000m, the number of mineable veins of each section is average between 1-3, the distance between the veins is more than 3m, the simultaneous blasting caving and stoping of multiple veins cannot be realized, for controlling depletion, only single veins can be considered for stoping one by one, for the general characteristic of a steeply inclined thin vein mine, a step-type low depletion mining method combining the steeply inclined thin veins with an upper and lower medium-length hole is adopted, the ore body is divided into sections along the depth direction, the section height is firstly determined according to the rock property, the stable section height of the mine is determined by analysis to be 15m, for controlling the loss depletion rate, the section height is smaller than the stable section height, the selected section height is 10m, a lower section (21) and an upper section (22) are combined to be used as a stoping stage (2), all the stages are connected and communicated through a slope, and in the stage (2)Upper and lower ore bodiesThe mining method is characterized in that a vein-following roadway (1) is arranged along the trend of an ore body, the vein-following roadway (1) changes according to the trend change of the ore body, according to the distribution condition of the ore body, an extravein transportation roadway is not arranged at the lower part of a mining stage (2), the vein-following roadway (1) at the lower part of the mining stage (2) is used as a free space for ore body blasting, an ore receiving roadway is used as a main transportation road for ore at the stage (2), the vein-following roadway (1) at the upper part of the stage (2) is used as a rock drilling roadway for an upper section (22) to drill downwards a medium-length hole (32) and blasting operation, and after the mining at the stage (2) is finished and filled, the vein-following roadway (1) is used as the vein-following roadway (1) at the upper part of the stage (2). In the embodiment, an extrapulous roadway is not arranged, and one ore room is arranged along the direction of an ore body at intervals of 50m basically, and each ore room is internally provided withAnd (4) adopting backward mining according to the backward mining sequence of each mine room. Stoping of stope, two blasting circulations of lower section (21) should be cascaded back stoping in advance upper section (22), lower section (21) adopts upwards medium-length hole (31), upper section (22) adopts downwards medium-length hole (32), lower section (21) and upper section (22) can explode simultaneously, but recommend lower section (21) and upper section (22) branch separately-charged individual detonating, upper section (22) explodes as first half wheel, lower section (21) explodes as second half wheel, but only explode lower section (21) through earlier stage, keep lower section (21) cascaded to the leading formation of upper section (22). After the single-cycle blasting of the chamber is finished, the chamber is ventilated in time, the scraper is organized to shovel and load ores (B) as soon as possible, the chamber filling operation is carried out as soon as possible after the stoping of the chamber is finished, the chamber which is finished with the stoping is filled (A), and the damage to an extravein roadway or an adjacent non-stoped chamber caused by the ground pressure display is avoided.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized. The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The steeply inclined thin vein and up-and-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method is aimed at steeply inclined thin vein mining and is characterized in that the height of single medium-length hole blasting is reduced through up-and-down medium-length hole combined stepped stoping, blasting clamping force is effectively controlled, the maximum charge of single blasting is reduced, and the over-blast volume is greatly reduced, so that the optimum dilution rate of the steeply inclined thin vein and the improvement of the supplied ore grade are realized, and the method comprises the following specific steps and conditions:
A. segmenting the ore body according to the extending direction, wherein the height of each segment is determined according to the stability condition of ore rocks of each segment and is smaller than the height of each stable segment, so that the mining capacity is maximized under the condition that the dilution rate of ore of each segment is lower;
B. each upper subsection (22) and each lower subsection (21) are used as a stoping stage (2), the stages (2) are connected and communicated in series through a slope way, a vein-following roadway (1) is arranged in the ore body of each upper subsection (22) and each lower subsection (21) along the trend of the ore body, whether the lower subsection (21) is arranged with an extravein transportation roadway is determined according to the quantity of ores in the stages, the grade level and the priority of mining, the extravein engineering quantity is reasonably determined through the priority, the vein-following roadway (1) of each lower subsection (21) is not only a free space and an ore receiving roadway for blasting the ore body but also a main transportation road for mining the ores in the stages, the vein-following roadway (1) of each upper subsection (22) is used as a rock drilling roadway for drilling downwards a medium-length hole (32), and after the stoping and filling (A) of the stage (2) are finished, the vein-following roadway (1) is used as the vein-following roadway (1) of the lower subsection (21) of the previous stage;
C. dividing and setting the chambers, and respectively setting each chamber at intervals in the area where the extrapulous roadway is arranged or in the area where the extrapulous roadway is not arranged along the direction of the ore body;
D. stoping in the ore room, stoping in each ore room according to a retreat mode, and stoping sequence of each ore room: the area without the vein outer lane is backward mining, the area with the vein outer lane is backward mining or the mining priority is determined according to the grade of each chamber, the chamber with higher mining priority is preferentially mined, the mining of the lower subsection (21) in each chamber needs to advance two blasting cycles of the upper subsection (22) to be stepped backward mining, the upper middle deep hole (31) is adopted by the lower subsection (21), the lower middle deep hole (32) is adopted by the upper subsection (22), the upper subsection (22) and the lower subsection (21) are blasted simultaneously, the chamber is ventilated timely after the single-cycle blasting is finished, the shovel loader is used for shoveling and loading ores (B), and the chamber filling (A) is carried out after the mining is finished, so that the damage to the vein outer lane or the adjacent unexplored chamber caused by the appearance of the ground pressure is avoided;
the stope stoping adopts the upper subsection (22) and the lower subsection (21) to independently charge and detonate separately in a grading mode, the upper subsection (22) is detonated as an upper half wheel, the lower subsection (21) is detonated as a lower half wheel, and only the lower subsection (21) is detonated in the early stage, so that the lower subsection (21) forms a step shape in advance to the upper subsection (22).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the division provides a plurality of chambers, each chamber having a region for placement of an extravenous roadway, and each chamber is positioned about every 30m along the run of the ore body.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the division provides a plurality of rooms, and the areas without extravenous roadways are provided with a single room approximately every 50m along the run of the ore body.
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| CN202210012854.6A CN114483037B (en) | 2022-01-06 | 2022-01-06 | Steep dip thin ore vein up-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method |
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| CN202210012854.6A CN114483037B (en) | 2022-01-06 | 2022-01-06 | Steep dip thin ore vein up-down medium-length hole combined stepped low dilution mining method |
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