CN115075820A - Mining method for steeply inclined thin ore body without cutting well - Google Patents
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for mining a steeply inclined thin ore body without a cutting well, which relates to the technical field of steeply inclined thin ore body mining and specifically comprises the following steps of 1) ore block division, wherein an ore body is divided into stages and sections in the vertical direction, a stope is arranged along the trend, and the width is the thickness of the ore body; 2) and (3) developing engineering: a step of arranging a footwall, namely connecting a vein transport roadway and a chute shaft by using a slope way of a mining area; 3) and (3) mining preparation engineering: arranging vein outer edge vein roadways and chute connecting channels in sections, and arranging rock drilling channels in the direction of the mine body; 4) rock drilling and blasting: constructing a rock drill way, parallelly upwards forming a large-diameter hole and a medium-deep hole, wherein the diameter of the large-diameter hole is 400-600 mm, and performing V-shaped stoping; 5) ore removal: the trench ore removal bottom structure is adopted and conveyed to a chute shaft through a scraper. According to the mining method provided by the invention, the large-diameter hollow holes are arranged in the stope and used as the free surface and the compensation space of the medium-length hole partition blasting to replace the single-cutting-well one-time slot-drawing blasting, so that the high-efficiency and large-scale mining of the steeply inclined thin ore body is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies, in particular to a method for mining steeply inclined thin ore bodies without a cutting well.
Background
A steeply dipping thin ore body generally refers to an ore body with an inclination angle of more than 50 deg., and an ore body thickness of less than 5 m. The metal ore bodies of gold, tungsten, tin and the like usually have sharp inclined thin deposit appearance, and are usually mined by an upward layered filling method, a cut wall filling mining method and a shallow hole shrinkage mining method. Because of the adoption of small-hole rock drilling equipment, the ore falling amount at one time is small, and the mining of the steeply inclined thin ore body not only has low production capacity, but also has high labor intensity of workers, high operation cost and the like. In order to realize safe, efficient and economic exploitation of the steep thin ore vein, the length of a blasting blast hole and the one-time ore falling amount are improved by improving the degree of mechanization, and medium-length hole mining equipment is used for exploiting the steep thin ore body, so that the high-efficiency operation of the steep thin ore body can be realized, and the production capacity is improved, but the problems of large mining preparation engineering amount, need of tunneling and cutting a raise to form a blasting free surface and a compensation space, high labor intensity of workers, large clamping effect of deep hole blasting in the thin ore vein, large explosive consumption and the like exist.
For example, patent application No. CN202011040039.8, published as 2021, 01/05, discloses a method for mining inclined or steeply inclined hard thin ore bodies, and although the text does not disclose whether a cutting raise is arranged in the stope, it can be known from the drawings of the specification that the patent technology still arranges a cutting well as a compensation space for blasting. For another example, patent of invention with application number CN201911111778.9, published as 04/03/2020, discloses a medium-length hole presplitting blasting mining method for ore body with steeply inclined thin vein to extremely thin vein, still needs to set a cutting groove in the middle of the stope as a compensation space for blasting. Also, for example, patent application No. CN201510300626.9, published as 10/21/2015, discloses a medium-length hole mining method for pseudo-inclined ore falling in steep thin ore vein, which does not have a cutting well, but the amount of work for installing a rock drilling and prospecting ore up-hill as a compensation space for ore recovery is not much different from that of the cutting well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for mining a steeply inclined thin ore body without a cutting well.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for mining a steeply inclined thin ore body without a cutting well, which comprises the following steps:
(A) and (3) dividing ore blocks: dividing the ore body into stages in the vertical direction, dividing the stages into sections, and arranging stopes along the trend of the ore body;
(B) and (3) developing engineering: arranging a stage-vein-following transportation lane at the lower wall of the stage, arranging a chute to reach the stage at the upper layer at the stage-vein-following transportation lane, and communicating each section of the stope by adopting a slope way;
(C) and (3) mining preparation engineering: arranging an air inlet well and an air return well outside the vein on the lower plate of each segmented ore body and communicated with two ends of the ore body along the vein; constructing a chute connecting channel and a chute at the vein outer edge vein lane to form an ore waste transferring chute system; arranging a rock drilling channel in the ore body along the direction of the ore body, and arranging a ore removal through and communicated rock drilling channel; rock drilling channel connecting channels are adopted at two ends of the stope to be communicated with the pulse outer edge pulse channel;
(D) rock drilling engineering: constructing a large-diameter hollow hole and a medium-deep hole in parallel on the rock drill way;
(E) and (3) stoping and blasting: a stope adopts a V-shaped stoping mode, and the large-diameter hollow hole is used as a free surface and a compensation space for medium-length hole blasting stoping;
(F) filling: and filling the goaf after ore removal is finished.
Furthermore, in the ore block division, the stage height is 40m-60m, the subsection height is 10m-20m, the stope length is 60 m-100 m, and the stope width is the ore body thickness.
Further, in the rock drilling engineering, the diameter of the large-diameter hole is 400-600 mm.
Further, in the rock drilling engineering, a first row of hole groups with a single number of the medium-length holes and a second row of hole groups with a double number of the medium-length holes are constructed.
Furthermore, in the stoping blasting, the upper-layer subsection leads the lower-layer subsection by 2-3 rows of stoping.
And further, adopting a tunneling trolley to tunnel, adopting a rock drilling trolley to drill the medium-length hole and adopting a charging trolley to charge.
Furthermore, in the stoping step of ore block division, the ore body adopts upward mining, the stope adopts two-step stoping, one stope is adopted at intervals in the horizontal direction, the stope in one step adopts cemented filling, and the stope in two steps adopts cemented or non-cemented filling.
The method for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body without the cutting well has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the method for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body without the cutting well, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the large-diameter blank holes are arranged in the stope to serve as the free surface and the compensation space of the sectional blasting of the medium-length hole, and the single-cutting well one-time slot-drawing blasting is replaced, so that the problems of large blasting clamping force and poor continuous blasting effect of the thin ore body due to small thickness of the ore body and small quantity of the medium-length hole in the blasting discharge surface can be effectively solved, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the high-efficiency and large-scale mining of the steeply inclined thin ore body is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a bottom run-out configuration for a non-cutting well steeply dipping thin ore body mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a plan layout view of a rock drilling subsection project when a non-cutting well steeply inclined thin ore body mining method is implemented according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of a non-cutting well steeply dipping thin ore body mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a non-cutting well steeply dipping thin ore body extraction method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram of arrangement of blast holes when the method for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body without the cutting well is implemented according to the embodiment of the invention.
Icon: 1-stage, conveying along the vein; 2-slipping the mine; 3-connecting a mine chute; 4-drilling a rock tunnel; 5, ore removal and penetration; 6-drilling a rock channel connection; 7-large diameter voids; 8-medium-length hole; 9-ore body boundary; 10-vein outer edge vein lane; 11-filling a return airway; 12-cemented filling mass; 13-ramp.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The present embodiment provides a method for mining a thin mineral body with a steep slope without a cutting well, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, including:
(A) and (3) dividing ore blocks: dividing the ore body into stages in the vertical direction, dividing the stages into sections, arranging stopes along the trend of the ore body, and then carrying out stoping;
(B) and (3) developing engineering: arranging a chute 2 along the vein haulage roadway 1 at the lower tray of the stage, and communicating all sections of the stope by adopting a slope ramp 13 at the stage along the vein haulage roadway 1 to reach the upper stage;
(C) and (3) mining preparation engineering: arranging an air inlet shaft and an air return shaft which are communicated with two ends of the ore body along an artery 10 outside the veins on the lower wall of the ore body of each section; constructing a chute connecting passage 3 communicated with a chute 2 at the vein outer edge vein lane 10 to form a mine waste transferring chute system; arranging a rock drilling channel 4 in the ore body along the direction of the ore body, and arranging a ore removal penetration 5 to be communicated with the rock drilling channel 4; a rock drilling channel connecting channel 6 is communicated with an external vein-following channel 10 at two ends of a stope;
(D) rock drilling engineering: constructing a large-diameter hollow hole 7 and a medium-length hole 8 in parallel on the rock drilling channel 4;
(E) and (3) stoping and blasting: a V-shaped stoping mode is adopted in a stope, and a large-diameter hollow hole 7 is used as a free surface and a compensation space for blasting and stoping of a medium-length hole 8;
(F) filling: and filling the goaf after ore removal is finished.
In the method for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body without the cutting well, different from the conventional method for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body, the plurality of large-diameter hollow holes 7 are arranged in the rock drilling channel 4 and used as the free surface and the compensation space for the partition blasting of the medium-length hole 8, so that the single-cutting well one-time slot-drawing blasting is replaced, the labor intensity of workers and the clamping effect of the medium-length hole blasting in the thin ore vein are reduced, and the explosive consumption is reduced.
In the ore block division, the ore body is divided into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and the height of each stage can be 40m-60m, specifically 40m, 45m, 50m or 60 m. After the stage division is completed, each stage is divided into a plurality of segments in the vertical direction, and the height of each segment can be 10m-20m, specifically 10m, 12m, 15m or 20 m. The length of the stope can be 60-100m, specifically 60m, 70m, 80m, 90m or 100m, the length can be adjusted according to the scale of the ore body, and the width of the stope is the thickness of the ore body.
In some embodiments, in the mining step of ore block division, the ore body is mined in an upward-going mode, namely, the lower layer of ore is mined firstly and then the upper layer of ore is mined, the stope is mined in a two-step mining mode, mining is performed at intervals in the horizontal direction, the stope in one step is cemented filling, and the stope in two steps is cemented or non-cemented filling.
The above steps can be understood as follows: in the first step, the chamber is mined, then the chamber is subjected to cemented filling, in the second step, the pillar is mined, and then the pillar area is subjected to cemented or non-cemented filling.
In some embodiments, the extravenal vein is spaced 8-10m from the ore body boundary 9 along the vein lane 10 in the preparation project.
As shown in figure 1, the ore removal passage 5 is communicated with the rock drill 4 to form a mine trench ore removal bottom structure of the stope, the ore removal passage 5 and the ore pass shaft connecting passage 3 are distributed on two sides of the vein-outside vein-along tunnel 10, as shown in figure 2, the rock drill passage connecting passage 6 and the ore pass shaft connecting passage 3 are distributed on two sides of the vein-outside vein-along tunnel 10, and the rock drill passage connecting passage 6 can be used as a stope passage of equipment, personnel and an air flow approach.
In some embodiments, the large diameter cavity 7 has a diameter of 400mm to 600mm, in particular 400mm, 450mm, 500mm, 550mm or 600mm, in rock drilling work.
Specifically, the medium-length holes 8 are distributed in a plurality of rows, each row may have an odd number of medium-length holes 8, for example, each row has 1, 3, 5, 7 medium-length holes 8, and the above-mentioned row of medium-length holes 8 having an odd number of medium-length holes 8 is referred to as a first row of hole groups. It is also possible that each row may have a double number of medium-length holes 8, for example, each row has 2, 4, 6, 8 medium-length holes 8, and the above-mentioned row of medium-length holes 8 having a double number of medium-length holes 8 is referred to as a second row hole group.
Of course, the multiple rows of medium-length holes 8 may include at least one first row of hole groups and at least one second row of hole groups, and preferably the first row of hole groups and the second row of hole groups are alternately arranged.
Facing in the direction of fig. 5, it will be appreciated that the top-to-bottom direction is in a row.
It should be noted that the distribution of the medium-length holes 8 in fig. 5 is only an example, and does not mean that the medium-length holes 8 can be arranged only in the manner shown in fig. 5.
In addition, the respective large-diameter pores 7 are preferably arranged continuously and uniformly.
In some embodiments, the upper tier of the stope blast is advanced by 2-3 rows of stope compared to the lower tier.
For example, as shown in fig. 3, when a stage is divided into 3 sections, from bottom to top, a first section, a second section and a third section are respectively called, the third section leads the second section by 2-3 rows for recovery, and the second section leads the first section by 2-3 rows for recovery.
In some embodiments, the goaf filling after ore removal of the caving ore comprises:
ore removal: discharging the collapsed ore from an ore discharge hole 5 of the ore discharge bottom structure of the trench by adopting a scraper, and finally entering a stope by adopting a remote control scraper to empty the ore;
filling: and after ore removal is finished, filling the goaf by adopting the waste rock and cemented filling body 12.
The mining mechanization degree of the stope can be improved by adopting the scraper to remove ores, so that the mining efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced.
In some embodiments, during construction, a tunneling trolley is adopted for tunneling, a drill trolley is adopted for drilling the medium-length hole 8, and a charging trolley is adopted for charging, so that the mining mechanization degree is higher, and high-efficiency and large-scale mining of the steeply inclined thin ore body is realized.
In some embodiments, the top of the ore body is arranged with a filling return airway 11
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of mining a thin, steeply dipping ore from a uncut well, comprising:
(A) and (3) dividing ore blocks: dividing the ore body into stages in the vertical direction, dividing the stages into sections, and arranging stopes along the trend of the ore body;
(B) and (3) developing engineering: arranging a stage-along-the-vein haulage roadway (1) on the lower wall of the stage, arranging a chute (2) on the stage-along-the-vein haulage roadway (1) to reach the stage of the upper layer, and communicating all the subsections of the stope by adopting a slope way (13);
(C) and (3) mining preparation engineering: arranging vein outer-edge vein lanes (10) on the lower plate of each segmented ore body to communicate with an air inlet shaft and an air return shaft at two ends of the ore body; constructing a chute connecting channel (3) communicated with a chute (2) at the vein lane (10) along the vein to form an ore waste transferring and chute system; arranging a rock drilling channel (4) in the ore body along the trend of the ore body, and arranging a ore removal penetration (5) communicated with the rock drilling channel (4); rock drilling channel connecting channels (6) are adopted at two ends of the stope to be communicated with the vein outer edge vein tunnels (10);
(D) rock drilling engineering: constructing a large-diameter hole (7) and a medium-length hole (8) in parallel on the rock drilling path (4);
(E) stoping and blasting: a V-shaped stoping mode is adopted in a stope, and the large-diameter hollow hole (7) is used as a free surface and a compensation space for blasting stoping of the medium-length hole (8);
(F) filling: and filling the goaf after ore removal is finished.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the block is divided into sections with a stage height of 40m-60m, a section height of 10m-20m, a stope length of 60-100m, and a stope width of the thickness of the ore body.
3. A method of non-cutting well high dipping thin ore body mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the rock drilling work, the diameter of the large diameter hole (7) is 400mm-600 mm.
4. A method for mining thin mineral bodies with no cut wells and steep inclination according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rock drilling work, a first row of hole groups with a single number of the medium-length holes (8) and a second row of hole groups with a double number of the medium-length holes (8) are constructed.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the stoping blast, the upper strata of the subsections are advanced by 2-3 rows of stoping relative to the lower strata of the subsections.
6. A method for mining high-dipping thin ore bodies without cutting wells according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium-length hole (8) is drilled and the charge trolley is charged by adopting a tunneling trolley for tunneling and a rock drilling trolley.
7. The method for mining the thin ore body without the cut well and the steep dip according to claim 1, wherein in the mining step of the ore block division, the ore body is mined in an upward-going mode, the stope is mined in two steps, one mining is performed at intervals in the horizontal direction, the stope in one step is cemented filling, and the stope in two steps is cemented or non-cemented filling.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115680663A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-02-03 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body |
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| CN115680663B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-02-28 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body |
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