CN110644996B - Open stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body - Google Patents
Open stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an open stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently-inclined medium-thickness ore bodies, which specifically comprises the steps of dividing the ore bodies into mining middle sections along the vertical direction, reserving an inclined top pillar between the two middle sections, dividing mining panel areas along the moving direction of the ore bodies in each middle section, reserving panel area pillars between adjacent mining panel areas, dividing ore rooms and ore pillars in the mining panel areas, and performing mining accurate engineering arrangement, cutting, stoping and filling; the whole panel is divided into two steps for stoping, wherein a stope room is stoped in one step, tailings are adopted for cemented filling after stope room stoping is finished, and ore pillars are stoped in two steps, and the steps are circulated until stope is finished; the invention is very suitable for mining the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body, adopts the V-shaped trench, the short drop shaft ore falling and the scraper to efficiently remove ore, and overcomes the problem of difficult ore removal of the gently inclined ore body; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of short ore removal time, high mining safety and small dilution loss; the ore removal efficiency is improved, the stoping time of the chamber is shortened, and the production capacity of the chamber is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine mining, and particularly relates to an open stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness ore bodies.
Background
The gently inclined medium-thick ore body, particularly the ore body with the inclination angle of 15-25 degrees and the thickness of 5-15m, is extremely difficult to be mined and is known as cancer in the world mining field. Because the inclination angle of the slowly-inclined ore body is smaller than the natural repose angle of the ore, the caving ore can not be drawn by self weight in the stope, and ore drawing equipment such as a scraper and the like must be installed in the stope to realize ore drawing; on the other hand, stopes of the ore bodies are generally high in empty roof, workers are difficult to guarantee safety of the stopes when working in the empty stopes, the working environment is severe, and great threats are brought to safety production. Because the inclination angle of the ore body is 15-25 degrees and is larger than the maximum climbing capability of common underground trackless equipment, the application of the trackless equipment in the ore body is limited.
At the present stage, for the ore body, mining methods generally adopted at home and abroad comprise a room-pillar method and a segmented open stope method with a bottom structure, a few mines adopt a shallow hole shrinkage method and a layered filling method, the room-pillar method and the shallow hole shrinkage method have low stope efficiency, high stope labor intensity and severe operation conditions, workers need to enter a stope to operate in a dead zone, the mining work amount of the segmented open stope method with the bottom structure is large, the bottom structure is difficult to recover at the later stage, and ore loss is large. The shallow hole shrinkage method has the disadvantages of severe operation conditions, low working efficiency due to the adoption of shallow hole ore falling, and large ore loss due to the fact that a lot of ores are left on the floor of a stope because the inclination angle of an ore body is smaller than the natural repose angle of rocks. The layered filling method is suitable for metal with high recovery value due to the high cost of recovering and mining the individual ore body.
The method is characterized in that a room-and-column method is adopted to stope the gently inclined medium-thick ore body, the main problem is to solve the problems of ore transportation and stable roof of a high and large airlot, the domestic room-and-column method is adopted to stope the moderately inclined ore body, and stoping schemes such as a shallow hole room-and-column method, a medium-and-deep hole room-and-column method, a downward layered stope room-and-column method and the like are generally adopted, but the methods have the defects of poor working conditions, low working efficiency, low stope efficacy and the like.
Typical room and pillar method for mining main technical and economic indexes of mine
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness ore bodies so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an open stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness ore bodies, comprising the following steps of:
step A, dividing an ore body into mining middle sections along the vertical direction, reserving a slanting top column between the two middle sections, dividing mining panels along the moving direction of the ore body in each middle section, reserving panel compartment columns between adjacent mining panels, dividing ore rooms and ore pillars in the mining panels, wherein the sizes of the ore rooms and the ore pillars are consistent;
step B, mining accurate engineering arrangement
Arranging a stage transportation gallery at the bottom of a lower wall of the middle section of an ore body, tunneling an ore removal access road perpendicular to the ore body every 15-20m in the stage transportation gallery, wherein the ore removal access road is aligned with boundaries of an ore room and an ore pillar, tunneling an ore receiving tunnel in the ore removal access road, communicating two adjacent ore removal accesses with the ore receiving tunnel, tunneling a rock drilling connecting road in the center of the ore receiving tunnel, wherein the rock drilling connecting road is connected with the lower wall of the ore body, the rock drilling connecting road is just positioned at the middle positions of the ore room and the ore pillar, upward drilling a rock drilling tunnel along the inclination angle of the ore body in the rock drilling connecting road, the upper part of the rock drilling tunnel is connected with an inclined top pillar, and arranging a short chute on the horizontal plane along the rock drilling tunnel;
step C, cutting
Arranging a cutting raise at the bottom of the chamber, arranging a cutting groove by taking the cutting raise as a free surface, arranging upward sector holes in the rock drilling roadway, and pressing the rock drilling roadway by taking the cutting groove as a free surface, and blasting 5-8m of the lower part of an ore body to form a V-shaped trench;
step D, recovery and filling
The whole mining panel is divided into two steps for stoping, one step of stoping a mining room, and two steps of stoping a mining pillar, wherein firstly, in a V-shaped trench, the ore is charged in arranged upward fan-shaped holes for blasting, the ore which is blown off gathers in the V-shaped trench by gravity, the ore falls into an ore receiving tunnel through a short chute arranged on the lower plate of an ore body, a scraper enters the ore receiving tunnel, the ore is shoveled and loaded in the ore receiving tunnel and then conveyed to the panel chute, the ore discharging process is completed, after the stoping of the ore body is completed, the recovery of the V-shaped trench is carried out until the stoping of the V-shaped trench in the mining room is completed, after the stoping of the one step of mining room is completed, a filling body is adopted for filling, under the protection of the filling body of the stoping room, the stoping process of the two steps of stoping the mining pillar is the same as that of the stoping room of the one step.
Further, the height of the middle mining section in the step A is 30m, the thickness of the inclined top column is 5m, the length of the mining panel area is 100 m-200 m, the thickness of the panel interval column is 30m, and the mining rooms and the ore columns are divided every 15m in the mining panel area.
Further, in the step B, short orepasses are arranged on the horizontal plane along the rock drilling roadway at intervals of 20m, 2-3 short orepasses are arranged in one stope, and the interval length of the short orepasses is not more than 20 m.
Furthermore, the row distance of the upward fan-shaped holes in the step C is 0.8m, the hole bottom distance is 1.5m, and 2-3 rows are blasted each time.
Further, in the step C, the height of the V-shaped trench is 5 m.
Further, the recovery method of the V-shaped trench in the step D comprises the following steps: parallel holes are arranged towards the lower parts of two sides of the roadway in the rock drilling roadway, inclined holes are arranged at the upper parts of the two sides of the roadway, the row spacing is 0.5m, 1-2 rows of blasting is carried out each time until the mining of the V-shaped trench in the chamber is finished.
Further, the filling body in the step D adopts cement: pack with a cement of tailings =1: 12.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the open stoping subsequent filling mining method of two-step stoping and V-shaped trench short drop shaft ore falling is adopted, the method is very suitable for mining of slowly inclined medium-thickness ore bodies, a chessboard type bottom structure consisting of the V-shaped trench and the short drop shaft is adopted to realize that slowly inclined ore body falling ores are conveyed by dead weight, the V-shaped trench, the short drop shaft ore falling and the scraper efficiently remove ores, and the problem of ore removal difficulty of the slowly inclined ore bodies is solved; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of short ore removal time, high mining safety and small dilution loss.
(2) In the mining process, a plurality of stope faces can be arranged simultaneously, the stope faces cannot be influenced mutually, a scraper is used for ore removal, the ore removal efficiency is improved, the stope time of a chamber is shortened, the production capacity of the chamber is improved, and the panel production capacity can reach 500 t/d.
(3) Whole accurate engineering of mining all arranges in ore body footwall, and adopts the medium-length hole ore deposit, and the workman does not get into the operation in dead zone, has improved the security of production greatly, adopts the tailings cemented filling after the one-step stope is adopted, has ensured the security of two-step pillar stopes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view 1-1 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 2 is a side projection view of an open-stope subsequent-filling mining method of the present invention adapted for gently dipping medium-thickness ore bodies;
fig. 3 is an orthographic view of an open-stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies.
In the figure: 1. panel compartment columns; 2. a chamber; 3. carrying out ore pillar; 4. a staged transportation roadway; 5. ore removal and access; 6. a mine receiving roadway; 7. drilling a rock communication channel; 8. drilling a roadway; 9. short drop shafts; 10. cutting the raise; 11. cutting the groove; 12. upward sector holes; 13. parallel holes; 14. an inclined hole; 15. a V-shaped trench; 16. and (4) filling the filler.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the open-stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for the gently inclined medium-thickness ore body comprises the following steps:
step A, dividing mining middle sections of an ore body along the vertical direction, wherein the height of the middle sections is 30m, a slanting top pillar is reserved between the two middle sections, the thickness of the slanting top pillar is 5m, a mining panel area is divided along the moving direction of the ore body in each middle section, the length of the mining panel area is 100 m-200 m, panel area pillars 1 are reserved between adjacent mining panel areas, the thickness of the panel area pillars 1 is 30m, ore rooms 2 and ore pillars 3 are divided every 15m in the mining panel area, and the sizes of the ore rooms 2 and the ore pillars 3 are consistent;
step B, mining accurate engineering arrangement
A stage transportation roadway 4 is arranged at the bottom of the lower plate of the middle section of the ore body, an ore body driving ore removal route 5 is vertically arranged in the stage transportation roadway 4 every 15-20m, the ore removal route 5 is aligned with the boundary of the ore room 2 and the ore pillar 3, in the ore removal inlet 5, an ore receiving roadway 6 is tunneled, the ore receiving roadway 6 is communicated with two adjacent ore removal inlets 5, a rock drilling connecting channel 7 is tunneled in the center of the mine receiving roadway 6, the rock drilling connecting channel 7 is connected with the ore body footwall, the rock drilling connecting channel 7 is just positioned in the middle of the ore room 2 and the ore pillar 3, in a rock drilling connecting channel 7, a rock drilling tunnel 8 is drilled upwards along the inclination angle of an ore body, the upper part of the rock drilling tunnel 8 is connected with an inclined top column, short drop shafts 9 are arranged on the horizontal plane of the rock drilling tunnel 8 at intervals of 20m, 2-3 short drop shafts 9 are arranged in one ore room, and the interval length of the short drop shafts 9 is not more than 20 m;
step C, cutting
Arranging a cutting raise 10 at the bottom of a mine room 2, arranging cutting grooves 11 by taking the cutting raise 10 as a free surface, arranging upward sector holes 12 in a rock drilling roadway 8, wherein the row distance to the sector holes 12 is 0.8m, the hole bottom distance is 1.5m, blasting 2-3 rows each time, and pressing the rock drilling roadway 8 by taking the cutting grooves 11 as the free surface, wherein a V-shaped trench 15 is formed by blasting 5-8m of the lower part of an ore body, and the height of the V-shaped trench 15 is 5 m;
step D, recovery and filling
Whole mining panel divides two steps to adopt, one step adopts stope room 2, two steps adopt pillar 3, at first in V type trench 15, upward to the scallop hole 12 medicine of arranging explodes, the ore that caves in relies on gravity to gather in V type trench 15, fall to in receiving ore deposit tunnel 6 through arranging short drop shaft 9 of ore body lower wall, the scraper gets into and receives ore deposit tunnel 6, after receiving ore deposit tunnel 6 in the shovel dress ore, transport to panel drop shaft, accomplish the ore removal process, after ore body mining completion, carry out V type trench 15's recovery, V type trench 15's recovery method does: parallel holes 13 are arranged in the rock drilling roadway 8 towards the lower parts of two sides of the roadway, inclined holes 14 are arranged at the upper parts of the parallel holes, the row spacing is 0.5m, 1-2 rows are blasted each time until the mining of the V-shaped trench 15 in the chamber 2 is finished, after the mining of the chamber 2 in one step is finished, a filling body 16 is adopted for filling, under the protection of the filling body of the chamber 2 in one step, the mining pillar 3 in two steps has the same mining process as the mining process of the chamber 2 in one step, and the filling body 16 is made of cement: pack with a cement of tailings =1: 12.
The mining method of the invention has the advantages that the production capacity of the stope can reach 200t/d, the mining loss rate is 15 percent, and the dilution rate is 8 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An open stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness ore bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, dividing an ore body into mining middle sections along the vertical direction, reserving a slanting top column between the two middle sections, dividing a mining panel area along the moving direction of the ore body in each middle section, reserving panel area pillars (1) between adjacent mining panel areas, dividing an ore room (2) and an ore pillar (3) in the mining panel area, wherein the sizes of the ore room (2) and the ore pillar (3) are consistent;
step B, mining accurate engineering arrangement
A stage transportation drift (4) is arranged at the bottom of the lower tray of the middle section of the ore body, an ore removal route (5) is tunneled in the stage transportation drift (4) at intervals of 15-20m and is vertical to the ore body, the ore removal route (5) is aligned with the boundary of the ore room (2) and the ore pillar (3), in the ore removal access roads (5), an ore receiving roadway (6) is tunneled, the ore receiving roadway (6) is communicated with two adjacent ore removal access roads (5), a rock drilling connecting channel (7) is tunneled in the center of the mine receiving roadway (6), the rock drilling connecting channel (7) is connected with the ore body footwall, the rock drilling connecting channel (7) is just positioned in the middle of the chamber (2) and the ore pillar (3), in the rock drilling connecting channel (7), a rock drilling roadway (8) is drilled upwards along the inclination angle of an ore body, the upper part of the rock drilling roadway (8) is connected with an inclined top column, and a short drop shaft (9) is arranged on the horizontal plane along the rock drilling roadway (8);
step C, cutting
Arranging a cutting raise (10) at the bottom of the chamber (2), arranging a cutting groove (11) by taking the cutting raise (10) as a free surface, arranging upward fan-shaped holes (12) in the rock drilling roadway (8), and pressing the rock drilling roadway (8) by taking the cutting groove (11) as a free surface, and blasting the lower part 5-8m of an ore body to form a V-shaped trench (15);
step D, recovery and filling
The whole mining panel is divided into two steps for stoping, a step for stoping a mining room (2) and a step for stoping a mining pillar (3), firstly, in a V-shaped trench (15), the arranged upward sector holes (12) are filled with drugs for blasting, the caving ore is gathered in the V-shaped trench (15) by gravity, the caving ore falls into a mine receiving tunnel (6) through a short chute (9) arranged on a lower plate of an ore body, a scraper enters the mine receiving tunnel (6), the mine receiving tunnel (6) is shoveled with the ore and then conveyed to a panel chute to finish the ore discharging process, after the stoping of the ore body is finished, the V-shaped trench (15) is recovered until the stoping of the V-shaped trench (15) in the mining room (2) is finished, after the stoping of the step for stoping room (2) is finished, a filling body (16) is used for filling, under the protection of the filling body in the step for stoping room (2), the stoping pillar (3) and the stoping process of the step for stoping room are the same as the stoping process for the step for stoping room (2), and the process is circulated until the stope recovery is finished.
2. The open stope subsequent filling mining method suitable for the gently inclined medium-thick ore body, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that the mining middle section height in the step A is 30m, the thickness of the inclined top pillar is 5m, the length of the mining panel area is 100 m-200 m, the thickness of the panel pillars (1) is 30m, and the chamber (2) and the ore pillars (3) are divided in the mining panel area every 15 m.
3. The open-stope subsequent-filling mining method suitable for gently sloping medium-thickness ore bodies, according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, short orepasses (9) are arranged on the horizontal plane along the rock drilling roadway (8) at intervals of 20m, 2-3 short orepasses (9) are arranged in one ore room (2), and the interval length of the short orepasses (9) is not more than 20 m.
4. The open-stope subsequent-filling mining method suitable for gently sloping medium-thickness ore bodies, according to claim 1, characterized in that: and C, the row distance of the upward fan-shaped holes (12) in the step C is 0.8m, the hole bottom distance is 1.5m, and 2-3 rows are blasted each time.
5. The open-stope subsequent-filling mining method suitable for gently sloping medium-thickness ore bodies, according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the height of the V-shaped trench (15) in the step C is 5 m.
6. The open-stope subsequent-filling mining method suitable for gently sloping medium-thickness ore bodies, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the V-shaped trench (15) recovery method in the step D comprises the following steps: parallel holes (13) are arranged in the rock drilling roadway (8) towards the lower parts of two sides of the roadway, inclined holes (14) are arranged at the upper parts of the rock drilling roadway, the row spacing is 0.5m, 1-2 rows of blasting are carried out each time until the mining of the V-shaped trench (15) in the chamber (2) is completed.
7. The open-stope subsequent-filling mining method suitable for gently sloping medium-thickness ore bodies, according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the filling body (16) in the step D adopts cement: pack with a cement of tailings =1: 12.
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| CN111677508B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2022-04-05 | 南华大学 | Inclined thick and large ore body large-diameter deep hole stoping bottom-leveling mining alignment system |
| CN112412456B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-08-23 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | 'Yue' -shaped mining method suitable for vertical continuous mining of thick and large ore body |
| CN114000879B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-05-05 | 中南大学 | Large-capacity high-efficiency shallow hole ore dropping process suitable for thick and large ore bodies |
| CN114607374A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-06-10 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Mining method of underground ore body |
| CN117722181B (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-04-26 | 贵州息烽磷矿有限责任公司 | Method and system for mining steep-inclined thick and large ore body protection column |
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| CN105927226A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-09-07 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Medium-length hole ore-breaking continuous sectional horizontal filling mining method |
| CN106640075B (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-09-14 | 福州大学 | Low-angle dip mineral ore continuous mining based on combination checkerboard type bottom structure |
| CN106677780B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-09-14 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | Bottom ore removal afterwards filling mining method is cut in a kind of upward and downward stage rock drilling segmentation |
| CN108843382A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-20 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Downward subsequent filling method suitable for unstable medium-thickness ore body of gently inclined surrounding rock |
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