CN114086959A - Bottom structure of large-diameter high-neck funnel, construction method and stoping method - Google Patents
Bottom structure of large-diameter high-neck funnel, construction method and stoping method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 97
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bottom structure of a large-diameter high-neck funnel, a construction method and a stoping method, which comprise the following steps: the section diameter of the high funnel well is determined according to the maximum block degree, the number of bottom funnels and the specific position design during mining, the height of the high funnel well is 8-18 m, the diameter of the large-diameter funnel bell mouth is 17-19 m, and the slope angle is 45-55 degrees. The invention has the beneficial effects that (1) the hopper neck of the funnel is heightened, the diameter of the bell mouth is increased, the height occupied by the bottom structure is increased along with the increase of the hopper neck, and the safety of ore removal operation of the bottom structure is ensured; (2) the number of the funnels at the bottom of the stope is greatly reduced, the construction of the bottom structure is simplified, the engineering quantity is reduced, the residual ore quantity among the funnels is reduced, and the ore recovery rate is high; (3) more ores can be stored in the bottom structure of the large-diameter funnel, ore drawing capacity is high, and ore removal efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a bottom structure of a large-diameter high-neck funnel, a construction method of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel and a mining method of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel suitable for isolating an ore pillar.
Background
Mineral resources are an important material basis for economic and social development, the rigidity requirement of novel industrialization, urbanization, informatization and agricultural modernization construction in China on the mineral resources is huge, the saving, high efficiency and green development and utilization of the mineral resources are enhanced, the new requirement of current mineral development is met, the traditional resources which are easy to adopt are completely consumed, and the development of unconventional and difficult-to-adopt resources is urgent. The Chinese patent application No. CN201811350417.5 discloses a three-step stoping method suitable for deep and thick large ore deposits, panels are arranged along the trend of ore bodies, isolated ore pillars are temporarily reserved among the panels, an ore room and the ore pillars are divided in the panels in a way of being vertical to the trend of the ore bodies, the ore room is stoped in one step, afterwards full tailings are cemented and filled, the ore pillars are stoped in two steps, afterwards full tailings are weakly cemented and filled, the panels are stoped in three steps, and afterwards full tailings are filled; the first step is to carry out the mining under the supporting condition of the primary ore rocks on two sides, the second step is to carry out the mining under the condition of the cemented filling bodies on two sides, and the third step is to carry out the mining under the condition of the three-side filling bodies; the invention utilizes the stress slow release and dynamic balance principle, improves the mining safety condition of the panel stope, is beneficial to the control of the area ground pressure, can realize the simultaneous mining of a plurality of panels, has large production capacity and flexible stope mining mode, and is beneficial to maintaining stable production. However, the patent focuses on the overall recovery and regional ground pressure control of deep thick and large ore body resources, is a system resource recovery scheme covering a chamber, an ore pillar and an isolation ore pillar, and does not consider the safety problem of the bottom structure of the isolation ore pillar recovery and the trafficability of ore flow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bottom structure of a large-diameter high-neck funnel, a construction method and a stoping method, aiming at solving the technical problems that the safety of bottom structure operation cannot be ensured during stoping of an isolated ore pillar and the ore removal efficiency is low.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a large diameter high neck funnel bottom structure comprising: the section diameter of the high funnel well is determined according to the maximum block degree, the number of bottom funnels and the specific position design during mining, the height of the high funnel well is 8-18 m, the diameter of the large-diameter funnel bell mouth is 17-19 m, and the slope angle is 45-55 degrees.
The section of the high funnel well in the scheme is 4m in diameter.
A construction method of a bottom structure of a large-diameter high-neck funnel comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of utilizing rock drilling equipment to drill downward deep holes in old vein-piercing roadways, wherein the deep holes comprise 5 vertical holes in the center of a funnel well and a plurality of bell mouth control blast holes, the diameters of the blast holes are phi 165mm, the funnel well is subjected to three-time charging blasting, the first blasting uses a mine outlet route as a free surface to blast by about 5m height, the second blasting uses a first blasting space as a free surface to blast by about 5m height, the third blasting uses a previous two-time blasting space and the old vein-piercing roadway as free surfaces to blast by about 8m height, the vertical holes in the center of the funnel well are blasted to form a cutting raise, the cutting raise serves as a free surface for subsequent bell mouth blasting, and differential blasting is adopted to form a large-diameter high-neck funnel bell mouth.
The construction method of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel comprises the following steps: the cutting well is tunneled by a common method or a blasting well-forming method, a rock drilling device is used for drilling upward medium-length holes in a mine removal approach, the aperture phi is 76mm, the cutting well is used as a free surface to carry out bottom charging on the mine removal approach, and the large-diameter high-neck funnel is formed by two times of differential blasting.
The extraction method of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel suitable for isolating the ore pillars comprises the following steps: (1) and the disc area is arranged: the panel areas are arranged along the direction of the ore body, the length of each panel area is the horizontal thickness of the ore body, the width of each panel area is 100m, and 18m isolation ore pillars are arranged between the panel areas; (2) determining the stoping sequence: the stoping sequence of the panel is pushed along the direction of the ore body, the stoping sequence of a single isolated ore pillar adopts a retreating stoping mode, and retreating stoping is carried out from the thick part of the ore body to two thinner wings or from one wing to the other wing; (3) and the mining method comprises the following steps: the mining method adopts a large-diameter deep hole stage open stope subsequent filling method; (4) and mining and cutting engineering: the method comprises a bottom ore removal roadway, an ore removal route, a bucket shaft and a leakage expansion project, wherein the rock drilling roadway is formed by horizontally perforating through rock drilling, and the ore pass is formed by transforming an ore pass in an original plate area; (5) the construction process of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel according to claim 1 comprises the following steps: the large-diameter high-neck funnel is formed by downward large-hole blasting or upward medium-hole blasting; (6) and carrying out recovery operation: stope ore falling is carried out, the hole depth of a stope blasting blast hole is designed according to the thickness of an ore body of an isolated ore pillar, deep hole ore falling is adopted in stope blasting modes, an original upper vein-penetrating roadway is used as a rock drilling roadway, a downward straight hole is used in the middle of the rock drilling roadway, a downward fan-shaped hole is adopted in a side hole, the aperture phi is 165mm, and a blasting method of deep hole lateral ore caving is adopted in large-scale ore falling; and (3) mining and cutting: forming an initial free surface of lateral ore caving by adopting a VCR slot drawing method, a large-diameter deep hole slot drawing method or a raise boring machine slot drawing method; rock drilling: drilling a downward deep hole in a rock drilling roadway by using a drilling machine, using a rock drilling horizontal drift as the rock drilling roadway, arranging 2-3 vertical deep holes in the middle, arranging 2-4 inclined holes at two sides, and enabling the diameter of the deep hole to be 165 mm; charging and blasting: after the holes are measured to be qualified, the charge device is used for carrying out pneumatic charge according to the number of rows of each blasting, accumulated water in the holes is blown out by using compressed air before charge, in order to control the influence of blasting vibration on adjacent chambers, the middle main blast hole can be charged with full holes, but the side holes are in a multi-layer interval charge structure as far as possible; ore removal: the caving ore falls to the bottom of the chamber by means of self weight and is carried out by a scraper through the bottom structure of the large-diameter funnel; ventilation of a stope: fresh air flow enters the ore removal roadway from the air inlet roadway and the slope connecting channel of the mining middle section, and is discharged out of the ground surface through the air return roadway after the ore removal roadway is washed; filling: and sealing after ore removal is finished, and then filling by adopting high-concentration full tailings for cementation through horizontal drilling.
The downward large hole blasting in the step (5) in the scheme comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of utilizing rock drilling equipment to drill downward deep holes in old vein-piercing roadways, wherein the deep holes comprise 5 vertical holes in the center of a funnel well and a plurality of bell mouth control blast holes, the diameters of the blast holes are phi 165mm, the funnel well is subjected to three-time charging blasting, the first blasting uses a mine outlet route as a free surface to blast by about 5m height, the second blasting uses a first blasting space as a free surface to blast by about 5m height, the third blasting uses a previous two-time blasting space and the old vein-piercing roadway as free surfaces to blast by about 8m height, the vertical holes in the center of the funnel well are blasted to form a cutting raise, the cutting raise serves as a free surface for subsequent bell mouth blasting, and differential blasting is adopted to form a large-diameter high-neck funnel bell mouth.
The upward mesopore blasting of the step (5) in the scheme comprises the following steps: the cutting well is tunneled by a common method or a blasting well-forming method, a rock drilling device is used for drilling upward medium-length holes in a mine removal approach, the aperture phi is 76mm, the cutting well is used as a free surface to carry out bottom charging on the mine removal approach, and the large-diameter high-neck funnel is formed by two times of differential blasting.
After the large-diameter high-neck funnel of the step (5) is formed in the scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: ventilating: local forced ventilation is adopted in the ore removal access, and a flexible air duct is used for blowing dirty air out of the ore removal access to an ore removal roadway and discharging the dirty air through an air return roadway along the ore removal roadway; deslagging: after ventilation, the top plate of the ore removal route must be checked, and after checking and necessary supporting, the blasted ore is shoveled and loaded in the ore removal route by a scraper, and then is unloaded into a chute through an ore removal roadway, so that the slag discharging operation is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that (1) the hopper neck of the funnel is heightened, the diameter of the bell mouth is increased, the height occupied by the bottom structure is increased along with the increase of the hopper neck, and the safety of ore removal operation of the bottom structure is ensured; (2) the number of the funnels at the bottom of the stope is greatly reduced, the construction of the bottom structure is simplified, the engineering quantity is reduced, the residual ore quantity among the funnels is reduced, and the ore recovery rate is high; (3) more ores can be stored in the bottom structure of the large-diameter funnel, ore drawing capacity is high, and ore removal efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the bottom structural isolated pillar extraction of a large diameter highneck funnel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the isolated pillar extraction of the large diameter gaff funnel bottom structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of a standard scheme of blasting large-diameter high-neck funnels into buckets according to the invention, shown in FIGS. I-I;
FIG. 4 is a cross section of a standard scenario II-II of blasting of a large diameter funnel into a funnel of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the standard embodiment of the large diameter funnel blasting funnel of the present invention in FIGS. III-III;
FIG. 6 is a sub-enlarged view of the hole arrangement and the detonator section of the large-diameter funnel with high neck according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a mine removal lane, 2, a mine removal route, 3, an old drift lane, 4, a stope mine wall, 5, a stope filling body, 6, an ore body bottom plate line, 7, a single blasting range, 8, a deep hole with the diameter of 165mm, 9, rock drilling horizontal drift, 10, a stope partition wall, 11, a chute and two, wherein the single blasting sequence is the second time; 2d, 2-segment millisecond delay detonator.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments based on the embodiments in the present invention, without any inventive work, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the extraction method of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel suitable for isolating the ore pillar comprises the following steps: (1) the disc area is arranged: the extent moves towards along the ore body and arranges, and extent length is the horizontal thickness of ore body, and the extent width is 100m, sets up 18m between the extent and keeps apart the pillar. The stope comprises stope mine walls 4, stope filling bodies 5, ore body bottom plate lines 6 and stope partition walls 10, isolated ore pillars are regarded as independent special panels, and stoping is carried out after stoping and filling of two adjacent panels are completed, so that the stope is the last link of system resource recovery. And (3) the condition around the isolated pillar extraction is degraded, and the medium around the stope is changed into a filling body with low strength from high-strength original rock. The complexity and difficulty of the extraction are increased, higher requirements are put on the extraction safety, and particularly in the bottom structure area where personnel operate and frequently come in and go out.
(2) And (3) stoping sequence: the stoping sequence of the panel is pushed along the direction of the ore body, the stoping sequence of a single isolating ore pillar adopts a retreating stoping mode, and the stoping can be retreated from the thick part of the ore body to two thinner wings or from one wing to the other wing.
(3) The mining method comprises the following steps: the mining method adopts a large-diameter deep hole stage open stope subsequent filling method, and is basically consistent with stope stoping of a chamber pillar of an integral large panel area for realizing standardized operation and improving production efficiency, but the stope cutting process is different from the bottom structure arrangement mode.
(4) Mining and cutting engineering: comprises an old drift-through lane 3, a bottom ore removal lane 1, an ore removal route 2, a bucket well and a leakage expansion project (figures 3-6) which are main and new projects; the rock drilling roadway is modified by using an original rock drilling horizontal drift 9 and the ore pass is modified by using an original pan ore pass 11.
(5) The construction process of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel comprises the following steps: the large diameter high neck funnel can be formed by two modes of downward big hole (165mm) blasting and upward middle hole (76 mm) blasting.
The forming mode of the downward large-hole blasting large-diameter funnel comprises the following steps: and (3) utilizing a rock drilling device Simba261 to drill down deep holes, namely deep holes 8 with the diameter of 165mm, in the old vein-crossing lane 3, wherein the deep holes comprise 5 vertical holes in the center of a funnel well and a plurality of bell mouth control blast holes, the diameters of the blast holes are phi 165mm, taking an 18m funnel as an example, the funnel well is subjected to three-time charging blasting, a single blasting range 7 is shown in a figure 3-5, due to the clamping property of rock masses, the first time takes an ore outlet route as a free surface to blast by about 5m height, which is marked as phi, the second time takes a first blasting space as a free surface to blast by about 5m height, which is marked as phi, the third time takes a second blasting space and the old vein-crossing 3 as a free surface to blast by about 8m height, which is marked as third time. Blasting a blast hole in the center of the funnel well to form a cutting raise, taking the cutting raise as a free surface for subsequent bell mouth blasting, and forming a large-diameter funnel bell mouth by adopting differential blasting.
Upward medium hole blasting large diameter funnel forming mode: a cutting well is tunneled by adopting a common method or a blasting well-forming method, a rock drilling device SimbaH1354 is used for drilling an upward medium-length hole in the ore removal route 2, the aperture phi is 76mm, the cutting well is used as a free surface to carry out bottom charging on the ore removal route 2, and a large-diameter funnel is formed by adopting differential blasting twice. The method needs to construct the cutting well firstly, the working procedure is complex, the funnel is formed by blasting twice, and the requirement on safe operation is high.
Ventilating: local forced ventilation is adopted in the ore removal access 2, a flexible air duct is used, the cost is saved, dirty air is blown out of the ore removal access 2 to the ore removal roadway 1, and the dirty air is discharged through the return air roadway along the ore removal roadway 1.
Deslagging: the top plate of the ore removal access 2 must be checked after ventilation, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by damage to the stability of the access top plate due to blasting. After checking and necessary support, the blast ore is shoveled and loaded by a scraper in the ore removal route 2, and then is discharged into the chute 11 through the ore removal tunnel 1, thereby completing the slag discharging operation. The funnel well all will ventilate after blasting at every turn and slag tap the operation, once accomplish behind the bell mouth millisecond blasting and ventilate the operation of slagging tap.
(6) Recovery operations
Stope ore falling is carried out, the hole depth of a stoping blasting blast hole is designed according to the thickness of an ore body of an isolated ore pillar, deep hole ore falling is adopted for stoping blasting modes, an original upper vein-penetrating roadway is used as a rock drilling roadway, a downward straight hole is used in the middle of the tunnel, downward fan-shaped holes are used as side holes, deep hole rock drilling equipment is Simba261 or T150, and the hole diameter phi is 165 mm. And the large-scale ore breaking adopts a deep-hole lateral ore caving blasting method.
And (3) mining and cutting: the VCR slot-drawing method, the large-diameter deep-hole slot-drawing method or the raise boring machine slot-drawing method can be adopted to form the initial free surface of the lateral ore caving.
Rock drilling: and drilling a downward deep hole in the rock drilling roadway by using a Simba261 or T150 drilling machine. Because the final link is the extraction, the original drift is used as the rock drilling roadway, in order to ensure the operation safety, if the large rock drilling roadway needs to be brushed to meet the rock drilling requirement, the width of the rock drilling roadway can not be increased by one step, 2-3 vertical deep holes are generally arranged in the middle, 2-4 inclined holes are arranged at two sides, and the diameter of the deep hole is 165 mm.
Charging and blasting: and after the hole is measured to be qualified, carrying out pneumatic charging by using a charging device according to the number of rows of blasting each time. Before charging, the accumulated water in the hole is blown out by air pressure. In order to control the influence of blasting vibration on adjacent chambers, the middle main blast hole can be filled with full-hole powder, but the side holes are in a multi-layer spaced powder filling structure as far as possible. The grain and air can be isolated by using air separation ball, bamboo tube, etc. And the micro-difference blasting among holes is adopted as much as possible, and the blasting explosive quantity of each section is controlled, so that the damage of blasting operation to adjacent stopes or fillers is reduced.
1p-18p in FIG. 1 represents the nth row of holes.
The large-diameter high-neck funnel hole distribution and detonator segment distribution are shown in fig. 6, wherein 2d represents a 2-segment millisecond delay detonator, 4d represents a 4-segment millisecond delay detonator, 6d represents a 6-segment millisecond delay detonator, 10d represents a 10-segment millisecond delay detonator, and 12d represents a 12-segment millisecond delay detonator.
Ore removal: the ore that collapses falls to the stope bottom with the help of the dead weight, through major diameter funnel bottom structure, is carried out by the scraper.
Ventilation of a stope: fresh air flow enters the ore removal roadway from the air inlet roadway and the slope connecting channel of the middle mining section, and is discharged out of the ground surface through the air return roadway after the ore removal roadway is washed.
Filling: after ore removal, sealing is carried out, and then high-concentration full tailings are cemented and filled through a rock drilling horizontal vein penetrating 9.
By adopting the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel, the construction of a bottom ore removal structure is simplified, the mining efficiency is improved, the mining safety of the isolated ore pillars is guaranteed, and precious mineral resources are fully utilized.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a major diameter gao hui funnel bottom structure, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps: the high funnel well and major diameter funnel horn mouth, the section diameter of high funnel well is according to the biggest lump degree when exploitation, bottom funnel quantity and concrete position design and confirms, high funnel well height is 8~18m, major diameter funnel horn mouth diameter is 17m ~19m, and domatic angle is 45 ~ 55.
2. A large diameter high neck funnel bottom structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the section of the high funnel well is 4m in diameter.
3. The method for constructing the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that downward deep holes are drilled by rock drilling equipment in an old vein-piercing roadway (3), the deep holes comprise 5 vertical holes in the center of a funnel well and a plurality of bell mouth control blast holes, the diameter of each blast hole is phi 165mm, the funnel well is subjected to three-time charging blasting, a first blasting route is used for blasting about 5m of height by taking a ore removal access path as a free surface, a second blasting space is used for blasting about 5m of height by taking a first blasting space as the free surface, a third blasting space is used for blasting about 8m of height by taking the two blasting spaces and the old vein-piercing roadway (3) as the free surface, the vertical holes in the center of the funnel well are blasted to form a cutting raise, the cutting raise serves as the free surface of subsequent bell mouth blasting, and differential blasting is adopted to form a large-diameter high-neck funnel bell mouth.
4. The method for constructing the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps: a cutting well is tunneled by adopting a common method or a blasting well-forming method, a rock drilling device is used for drilling a medium-length hole in the ore removal access (2), the aperture phi is 76mm, the cutting well is used as a free surface to charge the bottom of the ore removal access (2), and the differential blasting is adopted to form a large-diameter high-neck funnel by two times.
5. The extraction method of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel suitable for isolating the ore pillars is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: (1) and the disc area is arranged: the panel areas are arranged along the direction of the ore body, the length of each panel area is the horizontal thickness of the ore body, the width of each panel area is 100m, and 18m isolation ore pillars are arranged between the panel areas; (2) determining the stoping sequence: the stoping sequence of the panel is pushed along the direction of the ore body, the stoping sequence of a single isolated ore pillar adopts a retreating stoping mode, and retreating stoping is carried out from the thick part of the ore body to two thinner wings or from one wing to the other wing; (3) and the mining method comprises the following steps: the mining method adopts a large-diameter deep hole stage open stope subsequent filling method; (4) and mining and cutting engineering: the mining machine comprises a bottom ore removal roadway (1), an ore removal route (2), a bucket well and a leakage expansion project, wherein a rock drilling roadway is formed by utilizing a rock drilling horizontal drift (9), and an ore pass is formed by utilizing an ore pass zone (11) for transformation; (5) the construction process of the bottom structure of the large-diameter high-neck funnel according to claim 1 comprises the following steps: the large-diameter high-neck funnel is formed by downward large-hole blasting or upward medium-hole blasting; (6) and carrying out recovery operation: stope ore falling is carried out, the hole depth of a stope blasting blast hole is designed according to the thickness of an ore body of an isolated ore pillar, deep hole ore falling is adopted in stope blasting modes, an original upper vein-penetrating roadway is used as a rock drilling roadway, a downward straight hole is used in the middle of the rock drilling roadway, a downward fan-shaped hole is adopted in a side hole, the aperture phi is 165mm, and a blasting method of deep hole lateral ore caving is adopted in large-scale ore falling; and (3) mining and cutting: forming an initial free surface of lateral ore caving by adopting a VCR slot drawing method, a large-diameter deep hole slot drawing method or a raise boring machine slot drawing method; rock drilling: drilling a downward deep hole in a rock drilling roadway by using a drilling machine, using a rock drilling horizontal drift as the rock drilling roadway, arranging 2-3 vertical deep holes in the middle, arranging 2-4 inclined holes at two sides, and enabling the diameter of the deep hole to be 165 mm; charging and blasting: after the holes are measured to be qualified, the charge device is used for carrying out pneumatic charge according to the number of rows of each blasting, accumulated water in the holes is blown out by using compressed air before charge, in order to control the influence of blasting vibration on adjacent chambers, the middle main blast hole can be charged with full holes, but the side holes are in a multi-layer interval charge structure as far as possible; ore removal: the caving ore falls to the bottom of the chamber by means of self weight and is carried out by a scraper through the bottom structure of the large-diameter funnel; ventilation of a stope: fresh air flow enters the ore removal roadway from the air inlet roadway and the slope connecting channel of the mining middle section, and is discharged out of the ground surface through the air return roadway after the ore removal roadway is washed; filling: after ore removal, closing is carried out, and then high-concentration full tailings are cemented and filled through a rock drilling horizontal vein (9).
6. A method of extraction of a large diameter gay funnel bottom structure suitable for use in isolating an ore pillar as defined in claim 4, characterised in that: the downward large hole blasting of the step (5) comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that downward deep holes are drilled by rock drilling equipment in an old vein-piercing roadway (3), the deep holes comprise 5 vertical holes in the center of a funnel well and a plurality of bell mouth control blast holes, the diameter of each blast hole is phi 165mm, the funnel well is subjected to three-time charging blasting, a first blasting route is used for blasting about 5m of height by taking a ore removal access path as a free surface, a second blasting space is used for blasting about 5m of height by taking a first blasting space as the free surface, a third blasting space is used for blasting about 8m of height by taking the two blasting spaces and the old vein-piercing roadway (3) as the free surface, the vertical holes in the center of the funnel well are blasted to form a cutting raise, the cutting raise serves as the free surface of subsequent bell mouth blasting, and differential blasting is adopted to form a large-diameter high-neck funnel bell mouth.
7. A method of extraction of a large diameter gay funnel bottom structure suitable for use in isolating an ore pillar as defined in claim 4, characterised in that: the upward mesopore blasting of step (5) comprises: a cutting well is tunneled by adopting a common method or a blasting well-forming method, a rock drilling device is used for drilling a medium-length hole in the ore removal access (2), the aperture phi is 76mm, the cutting well is used as a free surface to charge the bottom of the ore removal access (2), and the differential blasting is adopted to form a large-diameter high-neck funnel by two times.
8. A method of extraction of a large diameter gay funnel bottom structure suitable for use in isolating an ore pillar as defined in claim 4, characterised in that: after the large-diameter high-neck funnel of the step (5) is formed, the method further comprises the following steps: ventilating: local forced ventilation is adopted in the ore removal access (2), and a flexible air duct is used for blowing dirty air out of the ore removal access (2) to the ore removal roadway (1) and discharging the dirty air along the ore removal roadway (1) through an air return roadway; deslagging: after ventilation, the top plate of the ore removal access (2) must be checked, and after checking and necessary supporting, the blasted ore is shoveled and loaded in the ore removal access (2) by a scraper and then is discharged into a chute (11) through an ore removal roadway (1) to finish the slag discharging operation.
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