CN112943249A - Low-dilution high-efficiency mining method for ore body at deep side of gold copper ore - Google Patents
Low-dilution high-efficiency mining method for ore body at deep side of gold copper ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN112943249A CN112943249A CN202110290453.2A CN202110290453A CN112943249A CN 112943249 A CN112943249 A CN 112943249A CN 202110290453 A CN202110290453 A CN 202110290453A CN 112943249 A CN112943249 A CN 112943249A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gold Chemical compound [Cu].[Au] QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu].[Cu] LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a low-dilution and high-efficiency mining method for ore bodies at the deep side part of a gold copper ore, which comprises the following steps: selecting a mining scheme: the selected mining method is a segmented open stope method; working of mining equipment: the method comprises the following steps of dividing a stage into a plurality of subsections, wherein each subsection is internally divided into a room and a pillar, and each room is provided with an independent ore caving and ore removal roadway; and (3) mining work: the device is provided with a transportation drift, a slope ramp, a sectional drift and a loading and transporting cross drift; and (3) a stoping process: forming a bottom V-shaped trench by using the fan-shaped deep hole of the bottom-drawing drift, drilling an annular deep hole in the rock drilling drift for ore caving, and stoping an ore room; ventilation of a stope: mechanical or natural ventilation is used as power, so that ground air enters underground and flows directionally and quantitatively in a roadway, and finally, the polluted air is discharged out of a mine; according to the invention, on the premise of ensuring safe and stable mining work, mineral resources are reasonably developed and utilized to the maximum extent, so that the benefits of a mine field are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a low-dilution and high-efficiency mining method for ore bodies at the deep side of a gold copper ore.
Background
The total gold reserves on the earth are about 48 hundred million tons, while the gold reserves distributed in the earth are about 47 hundred million tons, the mantle is 8600 ten thousand tons, and only less than 1 hundred million is distributed to the crust of the earth, more than 99 percent of the gold on the earth enters the earth core, and the gold distribution is formed in the long-term evolution process of the earth. The earth crust formed in the early stage of earth development has high abundance of gold, and therefore can generally represent the ancient Zea green rock zone consisting of early residual crust, especially the combination of mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks, the abundance of gold is higher than that of various rocks of the crust, and can become the earliest 'mineral layer' of gold deposit, and the gold is used as international reserve, which is determined by the currency commodity property of gold, and the gold historically serves as the function of currency due to the excellent characteristic of the gold; as a jewelry decoration; in the industrial and scientific application, most of the mining methods for the ore body at the deep side of the cuprite in the current market are common, and mineral resources cannot be reasonably developed and utilized to the maximum extent, so that the production cost is increased and part of the resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently mining low-depletion gold copper ore deep-side ore bodies, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the low-dilution high-efficiency mining method for the ore body at the deep side of the cuprite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a mining scheme: according to mining technical conditions, due to the fact that ore grades are low, suitable mining methods mainly comprise a caving method and an open stope method, but due to the fact that open pit mining and pit mining are conducted simultaneously, surrounding rock movement caused by the caving method influences open pit mining, and therefore the caving method cannot be selected; the mining method suitable for the open-stope method comprises a room-column method and a segmented open-stope method, wherein the ore body is in a large ore body with slow inclined thickness and is suitable for an upward layered point-column filling method; therefore, the mining method which can be selected in the design is a segmented open stope method;
step two: working of mining equipment: the method comprises the following steps of dividing a stage into a plurality of subsections, dividing a room and a pillar in each subsection, wherein each room is provided with an independent ore caving and ore removal roadway and can be regarded as an independent mining unit, and after mining of the room is finished, pillars adjacent to the mined room and the inclined roof pillars of the room can be immediately mined;
step three: and (3) mining work: the device is provided with a transport roadway, a slope ramp, a trackless device and trackless vehicles, a sectional roadway and a shipping crossroadway;
step four: and (3) a stoping process: forming a bottom V-shaped trench by using a fan-shaped deep hole of a bottom-drawing drift, digging an annular deep hole in a rock drilling drift for ore caving, stoping an ore room, stoping a stud and an inclined top stud in sequence, transporting ores to a subsection drift from a loading cross drift by using a scraper, moving the ores to a nearest drop shaft, and drawing the ores to a stage transportation drift;
step five: ventilation of a stope: mechanical or natural ventilation is used as power, so that ground air enters underground and flows directionally and quantitatively in a roadway, and finally, the polluted air is discharged out of a mine;
step six: backfilling treatment: after stoping of the chamber and the pillar is finished, the surrounding rocks collapsed at the upper section and the surrounding rocks on the wall collapse immediately collapse to fill the goaf.
Preferably, the structural parameters in the second step are as follows: the height of the stage is 30-60m, the height of the section is 15-20m, the length of the ore block is 30-40m, the width of the stud is 6-8m, and the thickness of the inclined top stud is 5-6 m.
Preferably, in the third step, when the subsection roadway is opened, the horizontal uniform tunneling is carried out.
Preferably, in the third step, when the loading transverse roadway is opened, one loading transverse roadway is arranged on each 10-12m of the subsection roadway.
Preferably, in the sixth step, when backfilling is carried out, a buffer layer is formed by filling the waste rock with the thickness of 10-15m, and the waste rock buffer layer with the thickness of 10-15m is formed in the goaf by forcibly caving the surrounding rock of the upper and lower trays.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, on the premise of ensuring safe and stable mining work, mineral resources are reasonably developed and utilized to the maximum extent, so that the benefits of a mine field are effectively improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the invention provides a technical scheme that:
the low-dilution high-efficiency mining method for the ore body at the deep side of the cuprite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a mining scheme: according to mining technical conditions, due to the fact that ore grades are low, suitable mining methods mainly comprise a caving method and an open stope method, but due to the fact that open pit mining and pit mining are conducted simultaneously, surrounding rock movement caused by the caving method influences open pit mining, and therefore the caving method cannot be selected; the mining method suitable for the open-stope method comprises a room-column method and a segmented open-stope method, wherein the ore body is in a large ore body with slow inclined thickness and is suitable for an upward layered point-column filling method; therefore, the mining method which can be selected in the design is a segmented open stope method;
step two: working of mining equipment: the method comprises the following steps of dividing a stage into a plurality of subsections, dividing a room and a pillar in each subsection, wherein each room is provided with an independent ore caving and ore removal roadway and can be regarded as an independent mining unit, and after mining of the room is finished, pillars adjacent to the mined room and the inclined roof pillars of the room can be immediately mined;
step three: and (3) mining work: the device is provided with a transport roadway, a slope ramp, a trackless device and trackless vehicles, a sectional roadway and a shipping crossroadway;
step four: and (3) a stoping process: forming a bottom V-shaped trench by using a fan-shaped deep hole of a bottom-drawing drift, digging an annular deep hole in a rock drilling drift for ore caving, stoping an ore room, stoping a stud and an inclined top stud in sequence, transporting ores to a subsection drift from a loading cross drift by using a scraper, moving the ores to a nearest drop shaft, and drawing the ores to a stage transportation drift;
step five: ventilation of a stope: mechanical or natural ventilation is used as power, so that ground air enters underground and flows directionally and quantitatively in a roadway, and finally, the polluted air is discharged out of a mine;
step six: backfilling treatment: after stoping of the chamber and the pillar is finished, the surrounding rocks collapsed at the upper section and the surrounding rocks on the wall collapse immediately collapse to fill the goaf.
According to the invention, on the premise of ensuring safe and stable mining work, mineral resources are reasonably developed and utilized to the maximum extent, so that the benefits of a mine field are effectively improved.
The structural parameters in the second step are as follows: the stage height is 30m, the subsection height is 15m, the ore block length is 30m, the width of a stud is 6m, the thickness of an inclined ejection stud is 6m, and when a subsection roadway is opened in the third step, horizontal uniform tunneling is carried out, so that the better passing performance and safety of the roadway are ensured; and in the third step, when the loading and transporting cross drift is arranged, arranging one loading and transporting cross drift on the subsection roadway at intervals of 11m, wherein the arrangement is convenient for ore removal of trackless equipment, in the sixth step, when backfilling is carried out, the filling thickness is 15m to form a buffer layer, and the goaf is made to form a waste rock buffer layer of 15m by forcibly caving the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower plates, so that the arrangement prevents air shock waves generated when the top plate of the goaf is collapsed from damaging personnel and equipment.
Example 2: the invention provides a technical scheme that:
the low-dilution high-efficiency mining method for the ore body at the deep side of the cuprite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a mining scheme: according to mining technical conditions, due to the fact that ore grades are low, suitable mining methods mainly comprise a caving method and an open stope method, but due to the fact that open pit mining and pit mining are conducted simultaneously, surrounding rock movement caused by the caving method influences open pit mining, and therefore the caving method cannot be selected; the mining method suitable for the open-stope method comprises a room-column method and a segmented open-stope method, wherein the ore body is in a large ore body with slow inclined thickness and is suitable for an upward layered point-column filling method; therefore, the mining method which can be selected in the design is a segmented open stope method;
step two: working of mining equipment: the method comprises the following steps of dividing a stage into a plurality of subsections, dividing a room and a pillar in each subsection, wherein each room is provided with an independent ore caving and ore removal roadway and can be regarded as an independent mining unit, and after mining of the room is finished, pillars adjacent to the mined room and the inclined roof pillars of the room can be immediately mined;
step three: and (3) mining work: the device is provided with a transport roadway, a slope ramp, a trackless device and trackless vehicles, a sectional roadway and a shipping crossroadway;
step four: and (3) a stoping process: forming a bottom V-shaped trench by using a fan-shaped deep hole of a bottom-drawing drift, digging an annular deep hole in a rock drilling drift for ore caving, stoping an ore room, stoping a stud and an inclined top stud in sequence, transporting ores to a subsection drift from a loading cross drift by using a scraper, moving the ores to a nearest drop shaft, and drawing the ores to a stage transportation drift;
step five: ventilation of a stope: mechanical or natural ventilation is used as power, so that ground air enters underground and flows directionally and quantitatively in a roadway, and finally, the polluted air is discharged out of a mine;
step six: backfilling treatment: after stoping of the chamber and the pillar is finished, the surrounding rocks collapsed at the upper section and the surrounding rocks on the wall collapse immediately collapse to fill the goaf.
According to the invention, on the premise of ensuring safe and stable mining work, mineral resources are reasonably developed and utilized to the maximum extent, so that the benefits of a mine field are effectively improved.
The structural parameters in the second step are as follows: the step height is 45m, the subsection height is 18m, the ore block length is 38m, the width of a stud is 7m, the thickness of an inclined ejection stud is 6m, and when a subsection roadway is opened in the step III, horizontal uniform tunneling is carried out, so that the arrangement ensures the better trafficability and safety of the roadway; and in the third step, when the loading and transporting cross drift is arranged, arranging one loading and transporting cross drift on the subsection roadway at intervals of 11m, wherein the arrangement is convenient for ore removal of trackless equipment, in the sixth step, when backfilling is carried out, the filling thickness is 15m to form a buffer layer, and the goaf is made to form a waste rock buffer layer of 15m by forcibly caving the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower plates, so that the arrangement prevents air shock waves generated when the top plate of the goaf is collapsed from damaging personnel and equipment.
Example 3: the invention provides a technical scheme that:
the low-dilution high-efficiency mining method for the ore body at the deep side of the cuprite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a mining scheme: according to mining technical conditions, due to the fact that ore grades are low, suitable mining methods mainly comprise a caving method and an open stope method, but due to the fact that open pit mining and pit mining are conducted simultaneously, surrounding rock movement caused by the caving method influences open pit mining, and therefore the caving method cannot be selected; the mining method suitable for the open-stope method comprises a room-column method and a segmented open-stope method, wherein the ore body is in a large ore body with slow inclined thickness and is suitable for an upward layered point-column filling method; therefore, the mining method which can be selected in the design is a segmented open stope method;
step two: working of mining equipment: the method comprises the following steps of dividing a stage into a plurality of subsections, dividing a room and a pillar in each subsection, wherein each room is provided with an independent ore caving and ore removal roadway and can be regarded as an independent mining unit, and after mining of the room is finished, pillars adjacent to the mined room and the inclined roof pillars of the room can be immediately mined;
step three: and (3) mining work: the device is provided with a transport roadway, a slope ramp, a trackless device and trackless vehicles, a sectional roadway and a shipping crossroadway;
step four: and (3) a stoping process: forming a bottom V-shaped trench by using a fan-shaped deep hole of a bottom-drawing drift, digging an annular deep hole in a rock drilling drift for ore caving, stoping an ore room, stoping a stud and an inclined top stud in sequence, transporting ores to a subsection drift from a loading cross drift by using a scraper, moving the ores to a nearest drop shaft, and drawing the ores to a stage transportation drift;
step five: ventilation of a stope: mechanical or natural ventilation is used as power, so that ground air enters underground and flows directionally and quantitatively in a roadway, and finally, the polluted air is discharged out of a mine;
step six: backfilling treatment: after stoping of the chamber and the pillar is finished, the surrounding rocks collapsed at the upper section and the surrounding rocks on the wall collapse immediately collapse to fill the goaf.
According to the invention, on the premise of ensuring safe and stable mining work, mineral resources are reasonably developed and utilized to the maximum extent, so that the benefits of a mine field are effectively improved.
The structural parameters in the second step are as follows: the stage height is 60m, the subsection height is 20m, the ore block length is 40m, the width of a stud is 8m, the thickness of an inclined ejection stud is 6m, and when a subsection roadway is opened in the third step, horizontal uniform tunneling is carried out, so that the better passing performance and safety of the roadway are ensured; and in the third step, when the loading and transporting cross drift is arranged, arranging one loading and transporting cross drift on the subsection roadway at intervals of 11m, wherein the arrangement is convenient for ore removal of trackless equipment, in the sixth step, when backfilling is carried out, the filling thickness is 15m to form a buffer layer, and the goaf is made to form a waste rock buffer layer of 15m by forcibly caving the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower plates, so that the arrangement prevents air shock waves generated when the top plate of the goaf is collapsed from damaging personnel and equipment.
Further comprises the seventh step of: the goaf includes from top to bottom including the intercolumns that a plurality of intervals set up, be provided with between the intercolumns and connect the way (transversely set up), and include the pedestrian courtyard (vertical or slope) that runs through between the intercolumns between each intercolumn, the method includes:
s1, starting from the position between the columns at the lowest end, drilling holes on the columns for distributing explosive and blasting the positions between the columns, wherein the hole diameter of the drilled holes is smaller than 50mm, and the depth of the drilled holes is smaller than 3 m;
s2, recovering the ore amount between the columns after blasting, and filling the columns with waste rocks after the recovery is finished;
and S3, drilling, distributing explosive, blasting, recovering ore quantity and filling waste rocks between columns from bottom to top, thereby realizing safe stoping between goaf columns.
The goaf can further comprise reserved column tops arranged at the top and filling wells arranged between the reserved column tops.
In step S1, as a further improvement, the hole diameter of the drilled hole is 30-40 mm, and the depth of the drilled hole is 2.5-3.5 m. In one embodiment, the bore hole has a diameter of 35mm and a bore depth of 3 meters.
As a further improvement, the hole pitch of the drill holes is 1.5-2 m, and the row pitch is 1-1.5 m. In one embodiment, the holes are drilled at a pitch of 1.5 meters and the row spacing is 1.2 meters.
As a further improvement, the explosives are finished emulsion explosives with the diameter phi smaller than 50 mm. In one embodiment, the explosives are all finished emulsion explosives with the diameter phi of 35 mm. It can be understood that through accurate control of blasting parameters, the ore quantity among columns can be recovered, and residual ore which is not emptied in the bottom plate of the goaf can be secondarily recovered through a blasting vibration method without damaging the structure of the goaf. In addition, after the pillars are recovered, the goaf ground pressure changes, and part of residual ores remained in the goaf can also loosen and fall, so that the utilization rate is improved.
As a further improvement, the method can adopt an electric detonator for initiation, the finished emulsion explosive adopts reverse continuous packing charge, and the rest part is filled with stemming.
As a further improvement, in step S1, the detonation network employs parallel detonations, and uses parallel detonations.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that there are objectively infinite specific structures due to the limited character expressions, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a plurality of modifications, decorations or changes may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the technical features described above may be combined in a suitable manner; such modifications, variations, combinations, or adaptations of the invention using its spirit and scope, as defined by the claims, may be directed to other uses and embodiments.
Claims (5)
1. The low-dilution high-efficiency mining method of the ore body at the deep side of the aurichalcopyrite is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a mining scheme: a segmented null field method is adopted;
step two: working of mining equipment: the method comprises the following steps of dividing a stage into a plurality of subsections, dividing a room and a pillar in each subsection, wherein each room is provided with an independent ore caving and ore removal roadway and can be regarded as an independent mining unit, and after mining of the room is finished, pillars adjacent to the mined room and the inclined roof pillars of the room can be immediately mined;
step three: and (3) mining work: the device is provided with a transport roadway, a slope ramp, a trackless device and trackless vehicles, a sectional roadway and a shipping crossroadway;
step four: and (3) a stoping process: forming a bottom V-shaped trench by using a fan-shaped deep hole of a bottom-drawing drift, digging an annular deep hole in a rock drilling drift for ore caving, stoping an ore room, stoping a stud and an inclined top stud in sequence, transporting ores to a subsection drift from a loading cross drift by using a scraper, moving the ores to a nearest drop shaft, and drawing the ores to a stage transportation drift;
step five: ventilation of a stope: mechanical or natural ventilation is used as power, so that ground air enters underground and flows directionally and quantitatively in a roadway, and finally, the polluted air is discharged out of a mine;
step six: backfilling treatment: after stoping of the chamber and the pillar is finished, the surrounding rocks collapsed at the upper section and the surrounding rocks on the wall collapse immediately collapse to fill the goaf.
2. The method for efficiently mining the gold copper ore deep side ore body with low depletion, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the structural parameters in the second step are as follows: the height of the stage is 30-60m, the height of the section is 15-20m, the length of the ore block is 30-40m, the width of the stud is 6-8m, and the thickness of the inclined top stud is 5-6 m.
3. The method for efficiently mining the gold copper ore deep side ore body with low depletion, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and in the third step, when the subsection roadway is opened, the horizontal uniform tunneling is carried out.
4. The method for efficiently mining the gold copper ore deep side ore body with low depletion, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and in the third step, when the loading and transporting cross drift is opened, arranging one loading and transporting cross drift on the subsection roadway at intervals of 10-12 m.
5. The method for efficiently mining the gold copper ore deep side ore body with low depletion, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and sixthly, forming a buffer layer by filling the waste rock with the thickness of 10-15m during backfilling, and forcibly caving the surrounding rock of the upper and lower trays to form a waste rock buffer layer with the thickness of 10-15m in the goaf.
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| CN202110290453.2A CN112943249A (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2021-03-18 | Low-dilution high-efficiency mining method for ore body at deep side of gold copper ore |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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2021
- 2021-03-18 CN CN202110290453.2A patent/CN112943249A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104405395A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-11 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method for transition of underground ore body from open stope mining method to caving mining method |
| WO2019051569A1 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-21 | VALKANOV, Nikolay Georgiev | Method for underground mining of minerals |
| CN110259450A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-09-20 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method for inclined-steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body |
| CN111706328A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-09-25 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Mining method for treating goaf left-over studs by filling method |
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Application publication date: 20210611 |