CN114395103A - 一种超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂,按照重量计,包括如下原料:二异氰酸酯:二元醇:小分子扩链剂:亲水扩链剂:中和剂:聚乙烯醇:去离子水=50~200:150~350:2~20:10~44:8~42:20~120:400~1200。本发明提供的制备方法有如下优点:制备的水性树脂粒径小,储存稳定性更高;生产过程中树脂性状稳定,适合连续生产,制得产品具有更好的力学性能,产生的样品气泡孔均匀,超纤手感丰满、尺寸稳定、表面平整。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工合成技术领域,特别是涉及一种超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含 浸树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯由于特殊的分子结构及聚集状态结构具有成膜性能好、热、力学性 能优良、耐水、耐寒、耐曲折等特点被广泛用于纺织印染、皮革加工、涂料、 粘合剂、建筑等领域。超纤合成革是由超细纤维制成具有三维网状结构的无纺 布,经过含浸具有一定物性的聚氨酯,并经过一系列加工处理而成的材料。自 超细纤维合成革生产以来它就受到了广大使用者的喜爱,具有十分广阔的发展 前景。
目前出现的制作水性聚氨酯超细纤维合成革的方法主要是:将超细纤维无 纺布浸渍于聚乙烯醇水溶液进行预先处理,然后将得到的预处理的超细纤维无 纺布含浸于水性聚氨酯,再烘干、减量、后处理等步骤最终得到所述水性聚氨 酯超细纤维合成革。该方法制得的水性超细纤维合成革尺寸稳定,得革率高, 但是聚氨酯在纤维中分布是整块分布的,手感板硬,力学性能低。同时实际生 产中能耗高,不利于节能环保。CN103589135A提供了一种聚乙烯醇改性水性 聚氨酯的制备方法,该方法制备的水性聚氨酯具有更高的力学性能,但是该方 法采用的事物理共混改性方法,两种物质无法达到分子级别的相互作用,不适 于超纤合成革的应用。CN109134819A提供了一种定岛超纤合成革含浸用的两 性水性聚氨酯的制备方法,该方法制备的超纤革手感丰满、弹性好,但是同样 由于两性水性水性聚氨酯结膜速度快的通病,在实际使用过程中存在树脂粘附 在设备不易清洗的问题,导致无法连续生产。
发明内容
本部分的目的在于概述本发明的实施例的一些方面以及简要介绍一些较 佳实施例。在本部分以及本申请的说明书摘要和发明名称中可能会做些简化或 省略以避免使本部分、说明书摘要和发明名称的目的模糊,而这种简化或省略 不能用于限制本发明的范围。
鉴于上述和/或现有聚氨酯材料中存在的问题,提出了本发明。
因此,本发明其中一个目的是,克服现有聚氨酯产品的不足,提供一种超 纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
为解决上述技术问题,根据本发明的一个方面,本发明提供了如下技术方 案:一种超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂,其按照重量计,包括如下原料:二 异氰酸酯:二元醇:小分子扩链剂:亲水扩链剂:中和剂:聚乙烯醇:去离子 水=50~200:150~350:2~20:10~44:8~42:20~120:400~1200。
作为本发明所述超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的一种优选方案,其中: 二元醇包括聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚酯二元醇和聚丙二醇中的一种或一种以上。
作为本发明所述超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的一种优选方案,其中: 二异氰酸酯包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、 二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、苯亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,5-奈二异氰酸酯和对苯二 异氰酸酯中的一种或一种以上。
作为本发明所述超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的一种优选方案,其中: 小分子扩链剂包括乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1.3-丙二醇、1.4-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、 1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,8-辛二醇、环己基甲二醇、氢醌羟乙基醚和三甲基戊 二醇中的一种或一种以上。
作为本发明所述超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的一种优选方案,其中: 亲水扩链剂包括二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸和酒石酸中的一种或一种以上。
作为本发明所述超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的一种优选方案,其中: 中和剂包括三乙胺、二甲基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和二乙醇胺中的一种或一种以上。
本发明另一个目的是,提供一种超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方 法。
为解决上述技术问题,根据本发明的一个方面,本发明提供了如下技术方 案:一种超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下 步骤:
二元醇真空脱水:将二元醇置于密闭环境中,在120℃的条件下真空脱水 1h;
脱水完成后,降温至40~70℃,加入二异氰酸酯,在搅拌和加热的条件下 反应1~3h,加入小分子扩链剂和亲水扩链剂,在加热的条件下反应,制得聚 氨酯预聚体;
制备聚乙烯醇水溶液:将去离子水和聚乙烯醇混合,然后在加热的条件下 搅拌,制得聚乙烯醇水溶液;
制备成品:将聚氨酯预聚体中加入中和剂,搅拌均匀后,加入制备得到的 聚乙烯醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,得到超纤合格革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
作为本发明所述超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方法的一种优选 方案,其中:二元醇的数均分子量为400~4000。
作为本发明所述超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方法的一种优选方 案,其中:聚乙烯醇为醇解度为75~98%,聚合度为1500~3000。
作为本发明所述超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方法的一种优选 方案,其中:包括如下步骤:
二元醇真空脱水:将二元醇置于密闭环境中,在120℃的条件下真空脱水 1h;
脱水完成后,降温至40~70℃,加入二异氰酸酯,在机械搅拌和60~90℃ 的温度条件下反应1~3h,加入小分子扩链剂和亲水扩链剂,在70~85℃的条件 下反应2~4h,制得聚氨酯预聚体;
制备聚乙烯醇水溶液:将去离子水和聚乙烯醇混合,升温至65~95℃的条 件下保温搅拌1h,制得聚乙烯醇水溶液;
制备成品:将聚氨酯预聚体中加入中和剂,搅拌均匀后,加入制备得到的 聚乙烯醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,得到超纤合格革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
本发明提供在水性聚氨酯合成过程中原位引入具有表面活性作用的聚乙 烯醇结构,使聚乙烯醇与聚氨酯达到分子融合,具有以下优点:
(1)聚乙烯醇分子侧链的大量羟基作为亲水基团,分子主链中的长碳链 作为亲油基团,具有乳化作用,采用该方法制备的水性树脂粒径小,储存稳定 性更高;
(2)聚乙烯醇含有大量羟基,易与水形成氢键,具有保湿效果,生产过 程中树脂状态稳定,适合连续生产;
(3)聚乙烯醇的羟基与聚氨酯分子中的氨基甲酸酯基团、羰基等极性基 团形成氢键,水性树脂和超纤合成革具有更高的力学性能;
(4)减少超纤合成革生产过程中的采用聚乙烯醇水溶液预处理过程,同 时超纤减量后聚乙烯醇被溶解,会产生大量均匀泡孔,超纤手感丰满、尺寸稳 定、表面平整。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需 要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的 一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中:
图1为实施例1制得超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的截面的扫描电镜 图;
图2为实施例2制得超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的截面的扫描电镜 图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合说明书 实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明 还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不 违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例 的限制。
其次,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少 一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在 一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施 例互相排斥的实施例。以本领域技术人员能够实施为准,制定了以下实施例。
本发明提供的超纤合成革含浸水性聚氨酯的制备方案其原理如下:
步骤1:
步骤2:
步骤3:
步骤4:
实施例1
向反应器中加入310g聚四氢呋喃二元醇(数均分子量为2000),在120℃ 的温度下真空脱水1h。
脱水完成后,降温至60℃,向反应器加入120g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯,在 500转/分钟的机械搅拌下,在80℃的温度下反应2h,向反应器加入1.5g新戊 二醇和16g二羟甲基丙酸,80℃的温度下下反应2小时,制得反应液。
将542g去离子水和32.5g聚乙烯醇加入另一反应器中,在500转/分钟的 搅拌状态下升温至90℃,保温搅拌1小时,制得6%含量的聚乙烯醇水溶液。
将所得反应液转移至乳化釜,加入14.5g三乙胺,搅拌转速为1000r/min 下,向乳化釜所得的聚乙烯醇水溶液,搅拌反应30min,即得到超纤合成革水 性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
实施例2
向反应器中加入310g聚四氢呋喃二元醇(数均分子量为2000),在120℃ 的温度下真空脱水1h。
脱水完成后,降温至60℃,向反应器加入120g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯,在 500转/分钟的机械搅拌下,在80℃的温度下反应2h,向反应器加入1.5g新戊 二醇和16g二羟甲基丙酸,80℃的温度下下反应2小时,制得反应液。
将所得反应液转移至乳化釜,加入14.5g三乙胺,搅拌转速为1000r/min 下,向乳化釜中加入542g去离子水,500转/分钟的搅拌反应30min,即得到超 纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
实施例3
向反应器中加入210g聚四氢呋喃二元醇(数均分子量为1000)、100g聚丙 二醇(数均分子量2000),在120℃的温度下真空脱水1.5h。
脱水完成后,降温至60℃,向反应器加入120g二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯, 在500转/分钟的机械搅拌下,在85℃的温度下反应2h,向反应器加入2g1,4- 丁二醇和18g二羟甲基丙酸,80℃的温度下下反应2小时,制得反应液。
将640g去离子水和51.2g聚乙烯醇加入另一反应器中,500转/分钟的搅拌 状态下升温至90℃,保温搅拌1小时,制得8%含量的聚乙烯醇水溶液。
将所得反应液转移至乳化釜,加入12g三乙胺,搅拌转速为2000r/min下, 向乳化釜所得的聚乙烯醇水溶液,搅拌反应30min,即得到超纤合成革水性聚 氨酯含浸树脂。
实施例4
向反应器中加入210g聚四氢呋喃二元醇(数均分子量为1000)、100g聚丙 二醇(数均分子量2000),在120℃的温度下真空脱水1.5h。
脱水完成后,降温至60℃,向反应器加入120g二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯, 在500转/分钟的机械搅拌下,在85℃的温度下反应2h,向反应器加入2g1,4- 丁二醇和18g二羟甲基丙酸,80℃的温度下下反应2小时,制得反应液。
将所得反应液转移至乳化釜,加入12g三乙胺,搅拌转速为2000r/min下, 向乳化釜中加入640g去离子水,500转/分钟的搅拌反应30min,即可得到超纤 合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
实施例5
向反应器中加入110g聚己二酸丁二醇酯二元醇(数均分子量为1000)、200g 聚四氢呋喃二元醇(数均分子量为2000),在120℃的温度下真空脱水1h。
脱水完成后,降温至50℃,向反应器加入140g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯,在 500转/分钟的机械搅拌下,在70℃的温度下反应2h,向反应器加入2g1,6-己二 醇和20g二羟甲基丙酸,80℃的温度下下反应2.5小时,制得反应液。
将595g去离子水和35.7g聚乙烯醇加入另一反应器中,500转/分钟的搅拌 状态下升温至90℃,保温搅拌1小时,制得6%含量的聚乙烯醇水溶液。
将所得反应液转移至乳化釜,加入18g三乙胺,搅拌转速为1500r/min下, 向乳化釜所得的聚乙烯醇水溶液,搅拌反应30min,即得到超纤合成革水性聚 氨酯含浸树脂。
实施例6
向反应器中加入110g聚己二酸丁二醇酯二元醇(数均分子量为1000)、200g 聚四氢呋喃二元醇(数均分子量为2000),在120℃的温度下真空脱水1h。
脱水完成后,降温至50℃,向反应器加入140g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯,在 500转/分钟的机械搅拌下,在70℃的温度下反应2h,向反应器加入2g1,6-己二 醇和20g二羟甲基丙酸,80℃的温度下下反应2.5小时,制得反应液。
将所得反应液转移至乳化釜,加入18g三乙胺,搅拌转速为1500r/min下, 向乳化釜中加入595g去离子水,搅拌反应30min,即得到水性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
实施例7
将实施例1~6中制得的聚氨酯含浸树脂进行测定得到拉伸强度、撕裂强 度、离心稳定性、回弹率、粒径、尺寸稳定性数据,记录在表1中,测试的具 体方法如下:
拉伸强度和撕裂强度参照GBT 3923.1-2013拉伸强度和撕裂强度的测定方 法;
树脂稳定性:量取50mL水性聚氨酯乳液进行离心测试,测试保持3000rpm 的转速搅拌15min,观察底部沉淀情况。
回弹性:将制得的超纤革测量厚度T1,施加2MPa压力5min后静置1min, 测试厚度T2,计算回弹率=T2/T1*100%;
尺寸稳定性的测定方法为减量烘干后超前面积M2/含浸烘干后超纤面积 M1*100%。
表1实施例1~制得的聚氨酯含浸树脂的 拉伸强度、撕裂强度、离心稳定性、回弹率、粒径、尺寸稳定性数据
根据表1中实施例1、实施例3、实施例5和实施例2、实施例4、实施例 6中制得的聚氨酯含浸树脂的性能可得,在适当步骤加入适量的聚乙烯醇溶液 有助于最终制得成品性能的提升。
由表1中实施例1、实施例3、实施例5中制得的聚氨酯含浸树脂的性能 可得,通过原料中使用不同种类和配比的原料的使用,可以得到在机械强度和 韧性上略微改变和调整的聚氨酯含浸树脂。
通过与国标和本行业中其他厂家生产的水性聚氨酯相比,我方发明中制备 得到的水性聚氨酯具有更小的粒径、更好的稳定性和力学性能,制得的成品具 有良好的回弹性、丰富的手感和更好的尺寸稳定性。
应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参 照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可 以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精 神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂,其特征在于:按照重量计,包括如下原料:二异氰酸酯:二元醇:小分子扩链剂:亲水扩链剂:中和剂:聚乙烯醇:去离子水=50~200:150~350:2~20:10~44:8~42:20~120:400~1200。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂,其特征在于:所述二元醇包括聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚酯二元醇和聚丙二醇中的一种或一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂,其特征在于:所述二异氰酸酯包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、苯亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,5-奈二异氰酸酯和对苯二异氰酸酯中的一种或一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂,其特征在于:所述小分子扩链剂包括乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1.3-丙二醇、1.4-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,8-辛二醇、环己基甲二醇、氢醌羟乙基醚和三甲基戊二醇中的一种或一种以上。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂,其特征在于:所述亲水扩链剂包括二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸和酒石酸中的一种或一种以上。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂,其特征在于:所述中和剂包括三乙胺、二甲基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和二乙醇胺中的一种或一种以上。
7.一种超纤合成革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
二元醇真空脱水:将二元醇置于密闭环境中,在120℃的条件下真空脱水1h;
脱水完成后,降温至40~70℃,加入二异氰酸酯,在搅拌和加热的条件下反应1~3h,加入小分子扩链剂和亲水扩链剂,在加热的条件下反应,制得聚氨酯预聚体;
制备聚乙烯醇水溶液:将去离子水和聚乙烯醇混合,然后在加热的条件下搅拌,制得聚乙烯醇水溶液;
制备成品:将聚氨酯预聚体中加入中和剂,搅拌均匀后,加入制备得到的聚乙烯醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,得到超纤合格革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种超纤合成革聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二元醇的数均分子量为400~4000。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种超纤合成革聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯醇为醇解度为75~98%,聚合度为1500~3000。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种超纤合成革聚氨酯含浸树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
二元醇真空脱水:将二元醇置于密闭环境中,在120℃的条件下真空脱水1h;
脱水完成后,降温至40~70℃,加入二异氰酸酯,在机械搅拌和60~90℃的温度条件下反应1~3h,加入小分子扩链剂和亲水扩链剂,在70~85℃的条件下反应2~4h,制得聚氨酯预聚体;
制备聚乙烯醇水溶液:将去离子水和聚乙烯醇混合,升温至65~95℃的条件下保温搅拌1h,制得聚乙烯醇水溶液;
制备成品:将聚氨酯预聚体中加入中和剂,搅拌均匀后,加入制备得到的聚乙烯醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,得到超纤合格革水性聚氨酯含浸树脂。
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