CN114376098A - 一种大、小鼠饲料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种大、小鼠饲料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114376098A CN114376098A CN202111618788.9A CN202111618788A CN114376098A CN 114376098 A CN114376098 A CN 114376098A CN 202111618788 A CN202111618788 A CN 202111618788A CN 114376098 A CN114376098 A CN 114376098A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种大、小鼠饲料的制备方法。大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1选取玉米、豆粕43、发酵豆粕、次粉、氨基酸混合剂、维生素混合剂、豆油、石粉、食盐、谷朊粉、葡萄糖、富马酸二甲酯作为原料；S2玉米过筛除杂；S3将玉米、豆粕43粉碎；S4各物料在混合机中混合；S5混合后物料通高温蒸汽调制灭菌；S6制粒机制粒；S7对制粒后饲料冷却；S8冷却后饲料筛分；S9制成饲料打包。本发明公开的饲料制备方法，可以规模化高效地生产大、小鼠饲料，所生产的饲料满足大、小鼠生长所需营养，提高消化能力，便于大、小鼠消化；同时所生产的饲料含粉率低、保质期更长、品质更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料生产技术领域，尤其涉及一种大、小鼠饲料的制备方法。
背景技术
目前国内实验鼠需求量日益增加，用于科学研究的实验鼠已超过2500万只，饲料是人工规模喂养实验鼠的关键部分。
然而，传统的大、小鼠饲料中含有的维生素、氨基酸品种不够齐全，不利于大、小鼠健康生长，同时，传统的大、小鼠制备方法简单，基本都是现制现用，难以适应规模生产，保存周期短，且缺乏灭菌，导致饲料品质差。
因此，提供一种大、小鼠饲料的制备方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种大、小鼠饲料的制备方法制造出一种饲料含有多种维生素和氨基酸能够满足实验鼠正常生长所需的营养成分，饲料品质好，保存周期长，该方法可适应规模化生产。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的饲料的制备方法，包括：
S1选取原料：水分含量9%~15%无霉变的玉米、豆粕43、发酵豆粕、次粉、氨基酸混合剂、维生素混合剂、豆油、石粉、食盐、谷朊粉、葡萄糖、富马酸二甲酯；
S2除杂：通过除杂装置将玉米的杂质除去；
S3粉碎：玉米、豆粕43分开粉碎，粉碎后玉米粉碎粒度≤180μm，豆粕粉碎粒度250μm-400μm；
S4混合：依次在混合机内下料：玉米粉碎物料40~45份、豆粕粉碎物料15~25份、次粉8~10份、发酵豆粕5~15份、多种氨基酸预混剂10~12份、豆油2~3份、石粉0.5~1.2份、多种维生素预混剂0.2~0.4份、谷朊粉0.1~0.2份、葡萄糖0.8~1份、食盐0.1~0.2份、富马酸二甲酯0.1~0.2份，混合时间依据混合后检测混合均匀度进行调整，物料混合后变异系数≤5%；
S5高温调制灭菌：通入高温蒸汽，对混合后物料进行调制灭菌，时间保持150S；
S6制粒：进入制粒机制粒，设定环模压缩比1:5，制造饲料颗粒直径为4mm，长度1cm；
S7冷却：成品颗粒制成完成后温度较高，需排料到冷却装置中进行冷却，待温度降至30-40℃；
S8筛分：通过振动分级筛筛出符合标准颗粒；
S9产品打包：密封环境下出料口，对饲料进行密封包装。
优选的，玉米粉碎后的粉碎粒度≤180μm，豆粕粉碎后的粉碎粒度在250μm-400μm间。
优选的，所述多种氨基酸预混剂包括赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、胱氨酸、络氨酸。所述多种维生素预混剂包括VA、VC、VD、VE、VK、B1、B2、B3、B12、烟酸、叶酸、生物素、氯化胆碱。
优选的，制粒机设定环模压缩比为1:5，冷却后通过振动分级筛筛选大小标准的颗粒。
与相关技术相比较，本发明提供的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法具有如下有益效果：
（1）本发明所生产的饲料能提供多种维生素、氨基酸可以保障实验鼠正常生存需求，添加发酵豆粕给实验鼠消化道内补充大量有益菌和消化酶，提高饲料转化率。
（2）本发明通过添加次粉来减少玉米的占比，在满足大、小鼠生长所需能量和营养物质的同时，降低成本。
（3）本发明通过生产过程中对物料粉碎粒度、制粒机环模压缩比、冷却装置以及筛分过程进行控制，可以有效的降低饲料含粉率，提升饲料的品质。
（4）本发明在饲料中添加防霉剂富马酸二甲酯，可以有效的抑制成品饲料长时间放置过程中细菌、霉菌的生成，延长饲料保质期同时可以改善饲料的味道提高饲料利用率。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法工艺图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例提供一种大、小鼠饲料制备方法进行说明。
请参阅图1所示，一种大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：首先选取水分含量9%~15%无霉变的玉米、豆粕43放置在单个的原料仓中，次粉、氨基酸混合剂、发酵豆粕分别放置在单个的待配仓。
步骤二：通过除杂装置将玉米中杂质去除，除杂后的玉米进入到粉碎机中。
步骤三：玉米与豆粕43通过粉碎机粉碎，粉碎后玉米粉碎粒度≤180μm，豆粕43粉碎粒度在250μm-400μm间，使饲料制粒后密度更大，能够降低打包空间，同时，也使含粉率降低，便于肠道吸收，粉碎后的玉米和豆粕43分别进入相应的待配仓中。
步骤四：将各待配仓中物料输送至混合机中，同时人工投料口将占比较小的物料投入混合机中；物料种类包括：玉米粉碎物料40~45份、豆粕43粉碎物料15~25份、次粉8~10份、发酵豆粕5~15份、多种氨基酸预混剂10~12份、豆油2~3份、石粉0.5~1.2份、多种维生素预混剂0.2~0.4份、谷朊粉0.1~0.2份、葡萄糖0.8~1份、食盐0.1~0.2份、富马酸二甲酯0.1~0.2份，其中，次粉为麸皮，次粉能够保证饲料品质的前提下，降低成本，发酵豆粕能够提供多种有益菌和消化酶，能够改善大、小鼠肠胃功能，提高消化能力，物料的混合时间为85S，物料混合后变异系数≤5%。
步骤五：混合后物料转入调制器后，并向调制器内通入温度为102℃高温蒸汽进行调制灭菌，饲料中含有大肠杆菌、霉菌、沙门氏菌等菌群，当高温蒸汽通入混合物料后，能够使大量大肠杆菌、霉菌、沙门氏菌等菌群致死，降低了饲料中有害菌群，同时，饲料经过高温调制后，能够有效提高饲料的消化率和营养价值，能够改善饲料的适口性，其中，调制时间为150S。
步骤六：调制完成，物料输入制粒机中进行制粒，制粒机设定环模压缩比1:5，提高饲料硬度，也能够降低含粉率，同时，能够适应大、小鼠的生长特性，由于鼠类门齿生长速度过快，硬度高的饲料能够起到磨牙的作用，制粒直径为4mm，长度1cm。
步骤七：制粒完成进入冷却器中冷却，由于饲料在调制器内经过高温灭菌后，温度和水分含量均较高，使得饲料易碎，不利于后续加工并且储存中易发生霉变，因此，将冷却装置的设定温度为30-40℃，使制粒后的饲料经过低温冷却，降低其水分含量及温度。
步骤八：制粒和冷却的过程中一些饲料颗粒会破碎，降低饲料的品质，因此，将颗粒料通过振动分级筛，筛选出符合要求的颗粒，提高饲料的品质。
步骤九：筛选完成符合条件的饲料下入料仓，经过打包装置进行打包。
所述氨基酸预混剂包括赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、胱氨酸、络氨酸。
所述维生素预混剂包括VA（维生素A）、VC（维生素C）、VD（维生素D）、VE（维生素E）、VK（维生素K）、B1（维生素B1）、B2（维生素B2）、B3（维生素B3）、B12（维生素B12）、烟酸、叶酸、生物素、氯化胆碱。
本方法的具体流程如下：
首先是将玉米、豆粕43、次粉、氨基酸混合剂、发酵豆粕投入各固定物料仓中，玉米与豆粕43分别通过粉碎机粉碎后再次传输入固定的待配仓；五个待配仓向混合机放料，同时人员从人工投料口向混合机投食盐、豆油、维生素混合剂、富马酸二甲酯、葡萄糖、石粉以及谷朊粉，按照一定的比例投入；在混合机混合后，混合后物料通过蛟龙传输到调制器中，物料在调制器内与高温蒸汽充分接触；调制灭菌后的物料输送到制粒机中完成制粒，然后制粒机排料到冷却器中，待饲料温度降低到要求温度后，再将降温后的饲料传输至振动分级筛中，通过振动分级筛筛选出符合要求的饲料，将筛选后的饲料排入料仓中，后续通过打包装置，将成品饲料密封包装后，即得到所需的商品饲料。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1选取原料：水分含量9%~15%无霉变的玉米、豆粕43、发酵豆粕、次粉、氨基酸混合剂、维生素混合剂、豆油、石粉、食盐、谷朊粉、葡萄糖、富马酸二甲酯；
S2除杂：通过除杂装置将玉米的杂质除去；
S3粉碎：玉米、豆粕43分开粉碎；
S4混合：依次在混合机内下料：玉米粉碎物料40~45份、豆粕43粉碎物料15~25份、次粉8~10份、发酵豆粕5~15份、多种氨基酸预混剂10~12份、豆油2~3份、石粉0.5~1.2份、多种维生素预混剂0.2~0.4份、谷朊粉0.1~0.2份、葡萄糖0.8~1份、食盐0.1~0.2份、富马酸二甲酯0.1~0.2份；
S5高温调制灭菌：通入高温蒸汽，对混合后物料进行调制灭菌；
S6制粒：物料进入制粒机制粒；
S7冷却：成品颗粒制成完成后温度较高，需排料到冷却装置中进行冷却；
S8筛分：通过振动分级筛筛出符合标准颗粒；
S9产品打包：密封环境出料口，对饲料进行密封包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，粉碎后玉米粉碎粒度≤180μm，豆粕43粉碎粒度250μm-400μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，物料混合时间设置为85S。
4.根据权利要求1所述的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，物料混合后变异系数≤5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，物料通入高温蒸汽时间保持150S。
6.根据权利要求1所述的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，制粒机设定环模压缩比1:5，制造饲料颗粒直径为4mm，长度1cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，冷却装置的设定温度为30-40℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述氨基酸预混剂包括赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、胱氨酸、络氨酸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的大、小鼠饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述维生素预混剂包括VA、VC、VD、VE、VK、B1、B2、B3、B12、烟酸、叶酸、生物素、氯化胆碱。
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