CN114349578A - Method for producing special fertilizer for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues - Google Patents
Method for producing special fertilizer for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
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- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues, and belongs to the field of waste utilization. The method comprises the following steps: (1) squeezing the traditional Chinese medicine residues to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue, and mixing the first filter residue with wheat bran and mushroom residues for fermentation to obtain a first organic fertilizer; (2) mixing and fermenting the mushroom dregs and the cassava dregs to obtain a second organic fertilizer; (3) mixing and fermenting the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer, and filtering to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; pyrolyzing the second filter residue at high temperature to obtain biochar; (4) mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer; (5) and mixing and grinding the water-soluble fertilizer and the biochar to obtain the special fertilizer. According to the invention, lignin and fiber in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the mushroom residues and the cassava residues are converted into biomass nutrient elements beneficial to plant growth, so that the absorption of crops is promoted, the product and the quality of vegetables are improved, the preparation method is simple, the fermentation time is greatly shortened, and the production efficiency of the fermented fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste utilization, in particular to a method for producing a fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues.
Background
The Chinese patent medicine has large demand, and related medicinal substances are generally extracted in the production process of the Chinese patent medicine and then directly used as liquid medicaments or dried into granular preparations and the like. During the extraction process, a large amount of Chinese medicine dregs are generated, and the Chinese medicine dregs contain a large amount of saccharides, proteins and plant fibers and also contain metal elements in medicinal materials. The most common treatment mode of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs is used as compost at present, and products are obtained by a fermentation technical means.
For example, publication No. CN103467166A discloses a traditional Chinese medicine residue fermented compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the method is to directly ferment nitro humic acid, traditional Chinese medicine residue, sepiolite, vermiculite, diatomite, iron ore slag, fly ash, weathered coal, nano carbon, bean dregs, brown sugar, bamboo charcoal powder, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, multi-element slow release fertilizer and EM microbial inoculum, and mix and prepare granules. Publication No. CN107162853A discloses a traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer for strawberry planting, which is prepared by mixing traditional Chinese medicine residues, dried chicken manure, straw stalks, sunflower seed oil, kaolin, peach blossom powder and bamboo charcoal particles. Application of fructus Arctii residue disclosed in publication No. CN107573183A in preparing fertilizer and fertilizer are disclosed, wherein fructus Arctii residue is mixed with compound fertilizer to obtain the final product. The publication No. CN111440029A discloses a traditional Chinese medicine residue slow-release fertilizer, which adopts the technical scheme that all components are uniformly mixed according to parts by weight to obtain a mixture, then compost fermentation is carried out, after the compost fermentation is carried out for three days, the compost is turned over for 1-3 times every day and is kept for 9-15 days all the time, and organic components are obtained after the fermentation products are sieved and crushed.
As described above, the conventional herb residue composition is prepared by a simple mixing or fermentation process, in which the extracted herb residue contains a large amount of water, and the dehydration and drying process increases the processing cost. If dregs of a decoction with large water content are directly composted, lignin and hemicellulose in the dregs of a decoction cannot be completely digested, and the utilization rate of the dregs of a decoction in the fertilizer can be reduced. In addition, in the fermentation treatment process, aerobic fermentation is directly adopted at present, or acidolysis amino acid is added for fermentation, only the time and the temperature of the fermentation are roughly adjusted in the fermentation process, the fermentation time is generally 45-80 days, the fermentation time is long, the function of a fermentation tank is single, dynamic control cannot be realized, and one-line multiple varieties are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for producing a special water-soluble fertilizer for vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues. Through specific process control, the production can be more simply converted, and special fertilizers for solanaceous fruits, cruciferous vegetables and the like can be produced on one production line.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for producing a fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
(1) squeezing the Chinese medicinal residue to water content of 40-50%, to obtain first filtrate and first residue, mixing the first residue with testa Tritici and fungi residue, adding first compound bacteria, and fermenting to obtain first organic fertilizer;
(2) mixing the mushroom dregs and the cassava dregs, adding second compound bacteria, and fermenting to obtain a second organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer, performing secondary mixed fermentation, adding sodium chloride after the mixed fermentation, fully mixing, and sieving by a 10-micron sieve to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; pyrolyzing the second filter residue at high temperature to obtain biochar;
(4) mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer;
(5) and (4) mixing and grinding the water-soluble fertilizer and the biochar in the step (3) to obtain the special fertilizer.
The first organic fertilizer obtained in the step (1) is suitable for solanaceous vegetables.
The second organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) is suitable for cruciferous vegetables;
the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in the step (4) is suitable for solanaceous vegetables and cruciferous vegetables, and is better for spraying.
The special fertilizer obtained in the step (5) is suitable for irrigation of solanaceous vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and fruit trees.
The fermentation in the step (1) is aerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 35-38 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days; the fermentation in the step (2) is aerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days; the mixed fermentation in the step (3) is aerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.
The adding amount of the first compound bacteria in the step (1) is 10-15% of the mass of the first filter residue; the first compound bacteria is a mixture of acidolysis amino acid, cellulolytic bacteria and thermophilic fungi.
The mass ratio of the first filter residue to the wheat bran and the mushroom residue in the step (1) is (5-10) to 2: 2; the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the cassava dregs in the step (2) is 1 (8-10).
In the step (2), the adding amount of the second compound bacteria is 5-10% of the mass of the cassava residue. The second compound bacteria is a mixture of high-temperature aerobic yeast, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and acid hydrolysis amino acid.
And (4) after fermentation in the step (3), adding sodium chloride which accounts for 2-3% of the mass of the mixture of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer.
The pyrolysis in the step (3) is as follows: heating to 380 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining at the temperature for 1h to obtain biochar.
The grinding time in the step (5) is 30min to 60min, preferably 40 min. After being ground, the organic fertilizer can be dried to obtain the granular organic fertilizer with high solubility. This granule fertilizer adds water when using, and the root is irrigated, can promote the absorption of fertilizer, helps the growth of vegetables.
In the step (5), a stabilizing dispersant may be added during the milling. The addition amount of the dispersant is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the charcoal, and the dispersant is amine salt or carboxylate of acrylic acid-styrene copolymer. And grinding the mixture, and screening the mixture by using a nano sieve to obtain the composite water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the dispersant is added into the composite water-soluble fertilizer to further stabilize the water-soluble fertilizer and prevent the water-soluble fertilizer from layering.
Solanaceous vegetables including eggplants, tomatoes, hot peppers, okra, pimentos, cucumbers, pumpkins and the like are rich in protein and vitamins, and the required proportion of NPK is (2-4) and (2-9); namely, the vegetable has higher demand for potash fertilizer.
The vegetables of the cruciferae mainly comprise cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, green vegetable, rape, cabbage, watercress, radish, sesameseed, mustard leaf, potherb mustard, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, green vegetable, orychophragmus violaceus, cabbage and the like, and most of the common green vegetables in daily life are the vegetables of the cruciferae. Cruciferae is used for preparing heavy-vision phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
The invention obtains the fertilizer suitable for different crops in different raw materials and step flows. In the step (1), the raw materials are the mixture of the traditional Chinese medicine residues and wheat bran and the bacteria residues, the wheat bran can provide energy for the compound bacteria, the content of microorganisms in the whole product is further increased by adding the bacteria residues, the fermentation of the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be promoted by increasing the microorganisms, and substances which are not easy to decompose and are contained in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, such as trace elements, fibers and biological sources acting on crops, are converted into components which can be absorbed by the crops, and meanwhile, the organic matters and the microbial structures of the soil are effectively improved. If the traditional Chinese medicine residues are directly carbonized, the obtained biochar is low in content, so that the traditional Chinese medicine residues and the bacterial residues are mixed and fermented according to the characteristics of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be fully decomposed to obtain fulvic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be excited, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer is effectively improved, the nitrogen element is increased by 10-15% compared with the conventional compost, the phosphorus element is increased by 5-10% compared with the conventional compost, and the potassium element is increased by 5-10% compared with the conventional compost. The solanaceous vegetables have high fertilizer requirement, the organic fertilizer fermented by the dregs of a decoction can greatly improve the nutrient content of the organic fertilizer, the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium are balanced, the nitrogen and the potassium proportion is suitable for the solanaceous vegetables, and the yield and the quality of the solanaceous vegetables can be greatly improved. The organic fertilizer obtained by the invention is generally neutral, has high microorganism content, and has more loose soil quality in soil.
The raw materials adopted in the step (2) are the mushroom dregs and the cassava dregs, and the cassava dregs contain residual cassava starch and a large amount of crude fibers. Under the conventional condition, the fermentation time of the cassava dregs is long, and the nutrient release amount in the cassava dregs is low. The method adopts the mixture of aerobic saccharomycetes and bacillus amyloliquefaciens for fermentation, can degrade starch of the cassava dregs into sugars and proteins for propagation of the saccharomycetes, acts on crude fiber of the cassava dregs after the saccharomycetes are propagated in large quantity, converts nutrient components in the crude fiber into vitamins, amino acid, ammonium sulfate and the like, and accordingly improves the content of nitrogen elements in the product. The addition of the acid hydrolysis amino acid can promote the release of phosphorus and potassium in the cassava residues, and the potassium element is increased by 13.5 percent compared with the conventional compost. Therefore, the fertilizer is effectively suitable for the growth of cruciferous vegetables under the mixture ratio of nitrogen and potassium.
In the step (3), the filter residues after fermentation are mixed for the second fermentation. The residue contains less nutrients, and the rest is non-decomposable substances of each fungus in short time. At this time, the two types of microorganisms are mixed and the microorganisms inside the mixture are cross-reacted to further perform fermentation decomposition. According to the invention, sodium chloride is added, so that protein in the liquid state can be stabilized, and the content of protein in the filtered filtrate is increased.
According to the invention, the residual filter residue is subjected to high-temperature cracking to form the biochar, the high-temperature cracking is slowly heated to 380 ℃, the water can be uniformly evaporated by slowly heating, the cracking process is gradual, the internal gas is slowly and uniformly discharged, so that more uneven structures are formed on the surface of the biochar, the surface activity of the biochar is improved, the coking and accumulation of the biochar are prevented, and the dispersibility of the biochar is better.
In the step (5), the water-soluble fertilizer and the biochar are mixed and ground, then the dispersant is added in the grinding process, the biochar can be formed into nano particles through grinding, the dispersant is added to disperse nano materials in the solution, amino acid, protein, fulvic acid and the like in the aqueous solution can be adsorbed, a plough layer is fixed, and water and soil loss and soil hardening are prevented.
The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the preparation method, different raw materials and one production line are adopted to produce the fertilizer suitable for different crops, and the fertilizer is adjusted by multiple feeds, so that the growth requirements of different crops are met, and the equipment investment is greatly saved.
(2) The invention adopts the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the mushroom residues and the cassava residues to mix, adopts different strains to ferment at different temperatures, converts lignin and fibers in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the mushroom residues and the cassava residues into biomass nutrient elements beneficial to plant growth, promotes the absorption of crops, and improves the product and the quality of vegetables.
(3) The preparation method is simple, the fermentation time is greatly shortened, and the production efficiency of the fermented fertilizer is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for producing a fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
(1) squeezing the traditional Chinese medicine residues until the water content is 40-50%, obtaining a first filtrate and a first filter residue, wherein the first filtrate is reserved, the first filter residue is mixed with wheat bran and mushroom residues, and a first compound bacterium is added for fermentation to obtain a first organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the first filter residue to the wheat bran to the fungi residue is 5:2: 2; after the first filter residue is mixed with the wheat bran and the mushroom dregs, certain moisture in the traditional Chinese medicine dregs (if the moisture content is too low, clear water is added to keep the moisture at 40%), then the first compound bacteria are added for aerobic fermentation, and aeration treatment is carried out in the fermentation process to ensure that the oxygen inside the fermentation tank is sufficient.
The adding amount of the first compound bacteria is 10% of the mass of the first filter residue, and the first compound bacteria comprises a mixture of acidolysis amino acid, cellulose decomposition bacteria and thermophilic fungi. The mass ratio of the acid hydrolysis amino acid to the cellulose decomposition bacteria to the thermophilic fungi is 7:1: 2; setting the temperature to 30 ℃ in the first 5 days, the fermentation temperature to 35 ℃ in the 6 th-10 th days, the fermentation time to 10 days, aerating in the fermentation process, and stirring once in 3-5 days to fully mix solid and liquid and facilitate fermentation;
(2) mixing the fungus residues with the cassava residues, adding second compound bacteria, and fermenting to obtain a second organic fertilizer;
in the step, the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the cassava dregs is 1:8, and water is added after mixing to keep the solid-liquid ratio in the whole mixture at 1: 1. Aerating once for 2-3 hours in the fermentation process, wherein each time is 30min, the fermentation time is 10 days, the temperature of the previous 5 days is 30 ℃, and the fermentation temperature of the 6 th-10 th day is set to be 40 ℃. The temperature in the early stage is 30 ℃, the propagation of microorganisms can be effectively ensured, the propagation of the microorganisms reaches a higher level when the microorganisms propagate for 4-5 days, the temperature is increased in the period, a large amount of microorganisms are utilized for fermentation, substances in the cassava residue are fully utilized, the crude fibers are fully decomposed into carbohydrates, and the content of organic matters in the fertilizer is increased.
In the step, the adding amount of the second compound bacteria is 5% of the mass of the cassava residue, the second compound bacteria is a mixture of high-temperature aerobic yeast, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and acid-hydrolyzed amino acid, and the mixing mass ratio of the high-temperature aerobic yeast, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the acid-hydrolyzed amino acid is 5:2: 3.
(3) Mixing the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer, performing secondary mixed fermentation, adding sodium chloride after the mixed fermentation, fully mixing, and sieving by a 10-micron sieve to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and pyrolyzing the second filter residue, wherein the pyrolysis specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 380 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining at the temperature for 1h to obtain biochar.
In the step, the mixing ratio of the first organic fertilizer to the second organic fertilizer is 3:2, and the adding amount of the sodium chloride is 2% of the mass of the mixture of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer. Part of liquid is generated after fermentation in the step (1) and the step (2), so that the liquid needs to be uniformly stirred before mixing, and the mixing ratio is volume ratio. A large amount of soluble organic matters, particularly soluble amino acids, exist in the liquid, and after sodium chloride is added, the electrolyte in the liquid can be improved, amino acid precipitation is prevented, and the dissolution of protein is promoted.
(4) Mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer; the first filtrate is squeezed traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid, and contains more alkaloids, trace elements and medicinal components, wherein the alkaloids and the medicinal components can effectively reduce the incidence of vegetables and improve the yield and the quality of the vegetables when being applied to vegetable planting. And the second filtrate is fermentation liquor which contains decomposed protein, vitamins and trace elements and also contains active microorganisms, and after mixed fermentation, the microorganisms have a cross effect on the residual Chinese medicine residues and the cassava residues, and further fermentation is carried out, so that the organic matter content of the obtained product is higher.
(5) And (5) mixing and grinding the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (4) and the biochar in the step (3) for 30min to obtain the special fertilizer.
Example 2
A method for producing a fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
(1) squeezing the traditional Chinese medicine residues until the water content is 40-50%, obtaining a first filtrate and a first filter residue, wherein the first filtrate is reserved, the first filter residue is mixed with wheat bran and mushroom residues, and a first compound bacterium is added for fermentation to obtain a first organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the first filter residue to the wheat bran to the fungi residue is 10:2: 2; after the first filter residue is mixed with the wheat bran and the mushroom dregs, certain moisture in the traditional Chinese medicine dregs (if the moisture content is too low, clear water is added to keep the moisture at 40%), then the first compound bacteria are added for aerobic fermentation, and aeration treatment is carried out in the fermentation process to ensure that the oxygen inside the fermentation tank is sufficient.
The adding amount of the first compound bacteria is 15% of the mass of the first filter residue, and the first compound bacteria comprise a mixture of acidolysis amino acid, cellulose decomposition bacteria and thermophilic fungi. The mass ratio of the acid hydrolysis amino acid to the cellulose decomposition bacteria to the thermophilic fungi is 9:1: 3; setting the temperature to 30 ℃ in the first 5 days, the fermentation temperature to 38 ℃ in the 6 th-10 th days, the fermentation time to 15 days, aerating in the fermentation process, and stirring once in 3-5 days to fully mix solid and liquid and facilitate fermentation;
(2) mixing the fungus residues with the cassava residues, adding second compound bacteria, and fermenting to obtain a second organic fertilizer;
in the step, the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the cassava dregs is 1:8, and water is added after mixing to keep the solid-liquid ratio in the whole mixture at 1: 1. Aerating once in 2-3 hours in the fermentation process, wherein each time is 30min, the fermentation time is 7 days, the temperature of the previous 4 days is 30 ℃, and the fermentation temperature of the 4 th-7 th day is set to be 45 ℃. The temperature in the early stage is 30 ℃, the propagation of microorganisms can be effectively ensured, the propagation of the microorganisms reaches a higher level when the microorganisms propagate for 4-5 days, the temperature is increased in the period, a large amount of microorganisms are utilized for fermentation, substances in the cassava residue are fully utilized, the crude fibers are fully decomposed into carbohydrates, and the content of organic matters in the fertilizer is increased.
In the step, the adding amount of the second compound bacteria is 10% of the mass of the cassava residue, the second compound bacteria is a mixture of high-temperature aerobic yeast, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and acid-hydrolyzed amino acid, and the mixing mass ratio of the high-temperature aerobic yeast, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the acid-hydrolyzed amino acid is 5:2: 3.
(3) Mixing the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer, performing secondary mixed fermentation, adding sodium chloride after the mixed fermentation, fully mixing, and sieving by a 10-micron sieve to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and pyrolyzing the second filter residue, wherein the pyrolysis specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 380 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining at the temperature for 1h to obtain biochar.
In the step, the mixing ratio of the first organic fertilizer to the second organic fertilizer is 3:2, and the addition amount of the sodium chloride is 2.5% of the mass of the mixture of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer. Part of liquid is generated after fermentation in the step (1) and the step (2), so that the liquid needs to be uniformly stirred before mixing, and the mixing ratio is volume ratio. A large amount of soluble organic matters, particularly soluble amino acids, exist in the liquid, and after sodium chloride is added, the electrolyte in the liquid can be improved, amino acid precipitation is prevented, and the dissolution of protein is promoted.
(4) Mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer; the first filtrate is squeezed traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid, and contains more alkaloids, trace elements and medicinal components, wherein the alkaloids and the medicinal components can effectively reduce the incidence of vegetables and improve the yield and the quality of the vegetables when being applied to vegetable planting. And the second filtrate is fermentation liquor which contains decomposed protein, vitamins and trace elements and also contains active microorganisms, and after mixed fermentation, the microorganisms have a cross effect on the residual Chinese medicine residues and the cassava residues, and further fermentation is carried out, so that the organic matter content of the obtained product is higher.
(5) And (5) mixing and grinding the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (4) and the biochar in the step (3) for 40min, and fully grinding to obtain the special fertilizer.
Example 3
A method for producing a fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
(1) squeezing the traditional Chinese medicine residues until the water content is 40-50%, obtaining a first filtrate and a first filter residue, wherein the first filtrate is reserved, the first filter residue is mixed with wheat bran and mushroom residues, and a first compound bacterium is added for fermentation to obtain a first organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the first filter residue to the wheat bran to the fungi residue is 10:2: 2; after the first filter residue is mixed with the wheat bran and the mushroom dregs, certain moisture in the traditional Chinese medicine dregs (if the moisture content is too low, clear water is added to keep the moisture at 40%), then the first compound bacteria are added for aerobic fermentation, and aeration treatment is carried out in the fermentation process to ensure that the oxygen inside the fermentation tank is sufficient.
The adding amount of the first compound bacteria is 12% of the mass of the first filter residue, and the first compound bacteria comprises a mixture of acidolysis amino acid, cellulose decomposition bacteria and thermophilic fungi. The mass ratio of the acid hydrolysis amino acid to the cellulose decomposition bacteria to the thermophilic fungi is 8:1: 3; setting the temperature to 30 ℃ in the first 5 days, the fermentation temperature to 38 ℃ in the 6 th-10 th days, the fermentation time to 15 days, aerating in the fermentation process, and stirring once in 3-5 days to fully mix solid and liquid and facilitate fermentation;
(2) mixing the fungus residues with the cassava residues, adding second compound bacteria, and fermenting to obtain a second organic fertilizer;
in the step, the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the cassava dregs is 1:8, and water is added after mixing to keep the solid-liquid ratio in the whole mixture at 1: 1. Aerating once in 2-3 hours in the fermentation process, wherein each time is 30min, the fermentation time is 7 days, the temperature of the previous 4 days is 30 ℃, and the fermentation temperature of the 4 th-7 th day is set to be 45 ℃. The temperature in the early stage is 30 ℃, the propagation of microorganisms can be effectively ensured, the propagation of the microorganisms reaches a higher level when the microorganisms propagate for 4-5 days, the temperature is increased in the period, a large amount of microorganisms are utilized for fermentation, substances in the cassava residue are fully utilized, the crude fibers are fully decomposed into carbohydrates, and the content of organic matters in the fertilizer is increased.
In the step, the adding amount of the second compound bacteria is 10% of the mass of the cassava residue, the second compound bacteria is a mixture of high-temperature aerobic yeast, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and acid-hydrolyzed amino acid, and the mixing mass ratio of the high-temperature aerobic yeast, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the acid-hydrolyzed amino acid is 5:2: 3.
(3) Mixing the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer, performing secondary mixed fermentation, adding sodium chloride after the mixed fermentation, fully mixing, and sieving by a 10-micron sieve to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and pyrolyzing the second filter residue, wherein the pyrolysis specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 380 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining at the temperature for 1h to obtain biochar.
In the step, the mixing ratio of the first organic fertilizer to the second organic fertilizer is 3:2, and the adding amount of the sodium chloride is 3% of the mass of the mixture of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer. Part of liquid is generated after fermentation in the step (1) and the step (2), so that the liquid needs to be uniformly stirred before mixing, and the mixing ratio is volume ratio. A large amount of soluble organic matters, particularly soluble amino acids, exist in the liquid, and after sodium chloride is added, the electrolyte in the liquid can be improved, amino acid precipitation is prevented, and the dissolution of protein is promoted.
(4) Mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer; the first filtrate is squeezed traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid, and contains more alkaloids, trace elements and medicinal components, wherein the alkaloids and the medicinal components can effectively reduce the incidence of vegetables and improve the yield and the quality of the vegetables when being applied to vegetable planting. And the second filtrate is fermentation liquor which contains decomposed protein, vitamins and trace elements and also contains active microorganisms, and after mixed fermentation, the microorganisms have a cross effect on the residual Chinese medicine residues and the cassava residues, and further fermentation is carried out, so that the organic matter content of the obtained product is higher.
(5) And (3) mixing and grinding the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (4) and the biochar in the step (3) for 40min, adding an amine salt of a dispersant acrylic acid-styrene copolymer in the fermentation process, wherein the adding amount of the dispersant is 0.05 percent of the mass of the biochar, and fully grinding to obtain the special fertilizer.
Example 4
A method for producing a fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
(1) squeezing the traditional Chinese medicine residues until the water content is 40-50%, obtaining a first filtrate and a first filter residue, wherein the first filtrate is reserved, the first filter residue is mixed with wheat bran and mushroom residues, and a first compound bacterium is added for fermentation to obtain a first organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the first filter residue to the wheat bran to the fungi residue is 10:2: 2; after the first filter residue is mixed with the wheat bran and the mushroom dregs, certain moisture in the traditional Chinese medicine dregs (if the moisture content is too low, clear water is added to keep the moisture at 40%), then the first compound bacteria are added for aerobic fermentation, and aeration treatment is carried out in the fermentation process to ensure that the oxygen inside the fermentation tank is sufficient.
The adding amount of the first compound bacteria is 15% of the mass of the first filter residue, and the first compound bacteria comprise a mixture of acidolysis amino acid, cellulose decomposition bacteria and thermophilic fungi. The mass ratio of the acid hydrolysis amino acid to the cellulose decomposition bacteria to the thermophilic fungi is 9:1: 3; setting the temperature to 30 ℃ in the first 5 days, the fermentation temperature to 38 ℃ in the 6 th-10 th days, the fermentation time to 15 days, aerating in the fermentation process, and stirring once in 3-5 days to fully mix solid and liquid and facilitate fermentation;
(2) mixing the fungus residues with the cassava residues, adding second compound bacteria, and fermenting to obtain a second organic fertilizer;
in the step, the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the cassava dregs is 1:8, and water is added after mixing to keep the solid-liquid ratio in the whole mixture at 1: 1. Aerating once in 2-3 hours in the fermentation process, wherein each time is 30min, the fermentation time is 7 days, the temperature of the previous 4 days is 30 ℃, and the fermentation temperature of the 4 th-7 th day is set to be 45 ℃. The temperature in the early stage is 30 ℃, the propagation of microorganisms can be effectively ensured, the propagation of the microorganisms reaches a higher level when the microorganisms propagate for 4-5 days, the temperature is increased in the period, a large amount of microorganisms are utilized for fermentation, substances in the cassava residue are fully utilized, the crude fibers are fully decomposed into carbohydrates, and the content of organic matters in the fertilizer is increased.
In the step, the adding amount of the second compound bacteria is 10% of the mass of the cassava residue, the second compound bacteria is a mixture of high-temperature aerobic yeast, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and acid-hydrolyzed amino acid, and the mixing mass ratio of the high-temperature aerobic yeast, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the acid-hydrolyzed amino acid is 5:2: 3.
(3) Mixing the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer, performing secondary mixed fermentation, adding sodium chloride after the mixed fermentation, fully mixing, and sieving by a 10-micron sieve to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and pyrolyzing the second filter residue, wherein the pyrolysis specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 380 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining at the temperature for 1h to obtain biochar.
In the step, the mixing ratio of the first organic fertilizer to the second organic fertilizer is 3:2, and the adding amount of the sodium chloride is 3% of the mass of the mixture of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer. Part of liquid is generated after fermentation in the step (1) and the step (2), so that the liquid needs to be uniformly stirred before mixing, and the mixing ratio is volume ratio. A large amount of soluble organic matters, particularly soluble amino acids, exist in the liquid, and after sodium chloride is added, the electrolyte in the liquid can be improved, amino acid precipitation is prevented, and the dissolution of protein is promoted.
(4) Mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer; the first filtrate is squeezed traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid, and contains more alkaloids, trace elements and medicinal components, wherein the alkaloids and the medicinal components can effectively reduce the incidence of vegetables and improve the yield and the quality of the vegetables when being applied to vegetable planting. And the second filtrate is fermentation liquor which contains decomposed protein, vitamins and trace elements and also contains active microorganisms, and after mixed fermentation, the microorganisms have a cross effect on the residual Chinese medicine residues and the cassava residues, and further fermentation is carried out, so that the organic matter content of the obtained product is higher.
(5) And (3) mixing and grinding the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (4) and the biochar in the step (3) for 40min, adding a dispersant of carboxylate of acrylic acid-styrene copolymer in the fermentation process, wherein the adding amount of the dispersant is 0.01 percent of the mass of the biochar, and fully grinding to obtain the special fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method and parameters are the same as the step (1) in the example 2, and the organic fertilizer is obtained by replacing the first mixed bacteria with acidolysis amino acid for fermentation.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method and parameters are the same as the step (2) in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that the first mixed bacteria is replaced by high-temperature aerobic yeast to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
The organic fertilizers obtained in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were mixed, and the preparation method and parameters were the same as those of example 2. Except that grinding was not performed in step (5).
And (3) detecting the products obtained in the comparative examples 1-4, the first organic fertilizer obtained in the step (1) in the example 2, the second organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2), the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in the step (4) and the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in the step (5), and detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water-soluble fertilizer.
And (3) measuring total carbon and total nitrogen: the material was concentrated, dried, crushed, refined, homogenized, sieved through a 0.15mm sieve, and then packed into a quartz tube, and the total carbon and total nitrogen contents were measured by a dry-firing method using a carbon-nitrogen analyzer (multi EA 5000). Each sample was set up for 3 replicates.
And (3) measuring the content of total phosphorus and total potassium: and (3) according to the agricultural industry standard of the organic fertilizer, determining the total phosphorus content by using an ammonium vanadium molybdate colorimetric method, and determining the total potassium content by using a flame photometric method. Each sample was replicated 3 times. The data obtained are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the respective raw materials
Compared with the first organic fertilizer in the step (1), the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the first organic fertilizer is higher than that in the comparative example 1, so that a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be released by single acidolysis of amino acid for fermentation. However, the addition of the first mixed bacteria in the step (1) can lead the decomposition of the traditional Chinese medicine residues to be more thorough, and the obtained total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents are higher.
According to the theoretical content and the actual content of the special fertilizer, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, particularly potassium fertilizer can be greatly increased through biochar grinding, and the growth of fruits and vegetables is facilitated.
Field test
First, Brassicaceae pakchoi test
Control group 1
And mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the cassava residues and the fungus residues which are the same as those in the embodiment 2, composting under natural conditions, and fermenting the compost for 75 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Treatment 1: fertilization was performed with the fertilizer of comparative example 2.
And (3) treating the mixture and applying the fertilizer by using the second organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) in the embodiment 2.
And (3) treatment: and (4) fertilizing by using the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in the step (4) of the embodiment 2.
And (4) treatment: the organic fertilizer obtained from control group 1 was used for fertilization.
And (4) treatment 5: fertilizing by using 15-15-15 of compound fertilizer.
Blank control group, blank control group did not fertilize.
The field test is carried out in a planting base in the suburb of Taiyuan of Shanxi province, the Chinese cabbage is Beijing New No. 3, the total nitrogen (N) content of the field soil is 0.53g/kg, and the total phosphorus (P) is2O5) Potassium (K) in an amount of 0.35g/kg2O) content 13.8 g/kg, organic matter content 11.2 g/kg. Each process sets 3 repeating cells, 20m each2Fertilizing three times according to the conversion of 50 kg/mu, fertilizing for the first time according to the conversion of 15 kg/mu in 15 days of the fixed value of the Chinese cabbage seedlings, fertilizing for the second time according to the conversion of 20 kg/mu in 2 months of field planting, fertilizing for the second time according to the conversion of 15 kg/mu in 7-10 days before harvesting, measuring the yield of the Chinese cabbage after two months, and obtaining the results as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of throughput for different treatments
As can be seen from table 2, the yield of pakchoi obtained by the second organic fertilizer (treatment 2) and the water-soluble fertilizer (treatment 3) obtained in example 2 is much higher than the yield of pakchoi obtained by using the compound fertilizer and the compost.
The Chinese herb residue, the mushroom residue and the cassava residue are mixed and composted to increase the yield of the pakchoi to a certain extent, which can be obtained from the treatment 3 and the treatment 4. However, the yield increasing effect of the fertilizer obtained by the treatment method of the invention is far greater than that of the conventional Chinese cabbage mixture.
Second, field test of tomato
The field test is carried out in a planting base in the suburb area of Taiyuan of Shanxi province, the total nitrogen (N) content of the field soil is 0.43 g/kg, and the total phosphorus (P) content2O5) Total potassium (K) content 0.28g/kg2O) content of 12.5g/kg and organic matter content of 10.2 g/kg.
And (6) fertilizing by using the first organic fertilizer obtained in the step (1) in the embodiment 2.
And (7) treatment: and (4) fertilizing by using the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in the step (4) of the embodiment 2.
And (4) treatment 8: the organic fertilizer obtained from control group 1 was used for fertilization.
And (4) treatment: and (3) fertilizing by using the Stahly 20-20-20 water soluble fertilizer.
And (4) treatment 10: fertilizing by using 15-15-15 of compound fertilizer.
Blank control group, blank control group did not fertilize.
Each processing device3 repeated cells are arranged, and each cell is 20m2And (3) applying fertilizer according to the conventional planting in the earlier stage, applying additional fertilizer in the flowering phase and the fruit expansion phase, applying the additional fertilizer according to the fertilizing amount of 15 kg/mu in the flowering phase, applying the additional fertilizer according to the fertilizing amount of 25 kg/mu in the fruit expansion phase, measuring the yield of the tomatoes, and obtaining the results shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 comparison of throughput for different treatments
As can be seen from treatments 7 and 9, the water-soluble fertilizer of the invention has better yield increase for tomatoes than the existing Stahli 20-20-20 water-soluble fertilizer. Both of them can increase tomato yield more than compound fertilizer.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiment of the present invention is disclosed only as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing a fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using traditional Chinese medicine residues is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) squeezing the Chinese medicinal residue to water content of 40-50%, to obtain first filtrate and first residue, mixing the first residue with testa Tritici and fungi residue, adding first compound bacteria, and fermenting to obtain first organic fertilizer;
(2) mixing the mushroom dregs and the cassava dregs, adding second compound bacteria, and fermenting to obtain a second organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer, performing secondary mixed fermentation, adding sodium chloride after the mixed fermentation, fully mixing, and sieving by a 10-micron sieve to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; pyrolyzing the second filter residue at high temperature to obtain biochar;
(4) mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer;
(5) and (4) mixing and grinding the water-soluble fertilizer and the biochar in the step (3) to obtain the special fertilizer.
2. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the adding amount of the first compound bacteria is 10-15% of the mass of the first filter residue;
the first compound bacteria is a mixture of acidolysis amino acid, cellulolytic bacteria and thermophilic fungi.
3. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation in the step (1) is aerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 35-38 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days;
the fermentation in the step (2) is aerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days;
the mixed fermentation in the step (3) is aerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.
4. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the first filter residue to the wheat bran to the mushroom residue is (5-10) to 2: 2;
the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the cassava dregs in the step (2) is 1 (8-10).
5. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the adding amount of the second compound bacteria is 5-10% of the mass of the cassava residue.
The second compound bacteria is a mixture of high-temperature aerobic yeast, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and acid hydrolysis amino acid.
6. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) after fermentation in the step (3), adding sodium chloride which accounts for 2-3% of the mass of the mixture of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer.
7. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pyrolysis in the step (3) is as follows: heating to 380 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining at the temperature for 1h to obtain biochar.
8. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grinding time in the step (5) is 30-60 min.
9. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) adding a stable dispersing agent in the grinding process.
10. The method for producing the fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of the dispersing agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the biochar, and the dispersing agent is amine salt or carboxylate of acrylic acid-styrene copolymer.
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| WO2017139510A1 (en) * | 2016-02-09 | 2017-08-17 | Cool Planet Energy Systems, Inc. | Biochars for use in composting |
| CN107266262A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-10-20 | 曲沃县万乡红肥业有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization fruit tree, the organic waste of vegetables production prepare organic fertilizer |
| CN108314524A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-07-24 | 时科生物科技（上海）有限公司 | A kind of liquid fertilizer prepared as raw material using charcoal |
| CN111492936A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-07 | 刘元生 | Method for producing organic vegetables in edible fungus cultivation field |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017139510A1 (en) * | 2016-02-09 | 2017-08-17 | Cool Planet Energy Systems, Inc. | Biochars for use in composting |
| CN107266262A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-10-20 | 曲沃县万乡红肥业有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization fruit tree, the organic waste of vegetables production prepare organic fertilizer |
| CN108314524A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-07-24 | 时科生物科技（上海）有限公司 | A kind of liquid fertilizer prepared as raw material using charcoal |
| CN111492936A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-07 | 刘元生 | Method for producing organic vegetables in edible fungus cultivation field |
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Application publication date: 20220415 |