CN112661568A - Multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a selenium-rich long-acting ecological compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the selenium-rich long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises plant straw powder, chicken manure, pig manure, soybean meal, pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran and other components. The fertilizer has the advantages of reasonable component design, simple and practical process, capacity of effectively improving the yield of crops due to the fact that the prepared compound fertilizer contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and organic matters, obvious yield increasing effect, capability of producing selenium-rich organic pollution-free agricultural products, capability of carrying out chemical and physical adsorption on cadmium in soil, inhibition of absorption of plants on cadmium elements, and high practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Selenium, iron, zinc and the like are all trace elements necessary for human life activities, and selenium is particularly important in the trace elements, and the existing research shows that the selenium content in food has a direct relation with the incidence rate of cancer, so the research and development of selenium-enriched food also become one of the popular researches.
Meanwhile, with the progress and development of science and technology, cadmium and compounds thereof are widely applied to manufacturing links of nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments, alloys, electroplating, plastic products and the like, the yield of cadmium is continuously increased, the cadmium pollution of soil also becomes the subject of research, and the serious cadmium pollution of foods eaten for a long time can cause great threat to human health.
In view of the above situation, a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof need to be developed to cultivate and research selenium-rich food and study the research by combining with cadmium pollution of soil, which is one of the problems that need to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking for 10-20h, filtering, and drying to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1-1.2MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws;
(2) adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring, transferring the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 2-3h at the temperature of 160-80 ℃, cooling to 70-80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring, performing microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar;
(4) mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark place, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(5) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring uniformly, adding sophorolipid, water and a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria to obtain a finished product.
The optimized scheme comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking for 10-20h at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, filtering, and drying to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1-1.2MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws;
(2) adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring for 20-30min, transferring the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 2-3h at the temperature of 160-170 ℃, cooling to 70-80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react for 4-5h, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring for 20-30min, carrying out microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar;
(4) mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring for 3-5 hr, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark for 10 hr, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(5) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring for 20-30min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to be 60-70%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B;
mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 10-20min to obtain a finished product.
According to an optimized scheme, in the step (1), the plant straws are any one or more of corn straws, wheat straws and sugarcane straws.
According to an optimized scheme, in the step (1), the mixed acid solution comprises citric acid and hydrochloric acid, and the mass ratio of the citric acid to the hydrochloric acid is 1: 1.
according to an optimized scheme, in the step (1), when mixed acid is soaked, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out once at intervals of 1h, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 10-20min each time.
In an optimized scheme, in the step (5), the compound bacteria comprise saccharomycetes and rhizobia.
In an optimized scheme, in the step (5), the fermentation microbial inoculum is an EM microbial inoculum.
In the optimized scheme, in the step (3), the microwave carbonization power is 200-300W, and the carbonization time is 10-12 min.
In the optimized scheme, in the step (5), the composting time is 50-55d during composting fermentation.
According to an optimized scheme, the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: by weight, 15-20 parts of plant straw powder, 12-15 parts of chicken manure, 15-18 parts of pig manure, 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, 8-10 parts of loaded biochar, 3-4 parts of sophorolipid, 0.01-0.02 part of selenium fertilizer, 5-8 parts of urea, 0.23-0.28 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.38-0.4 part of ferrous salt aqueous solution and 3-5 parts of compound bacteria.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer, which comprises components of plant straw powder, chicken manure, pig manure, soybean meal, pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran and the like, during fertilizer processing, plant straws are generally selected as organic matter raw materials, and in the conventional processing technology, the plant straws are subjected to crushing pretreatment and then are subjected to composting fermentation with chicken manure and pig manure, but the process has poor fermentation composting effect and slower degradation efficiency of the plant straws, aiming at the problem, the application pretreats the plant straws by firstly soaking the plant straws into mixed acid solution, the mixed acid solution is selected from a hydrochloric acid and citric acid mixed solution, steam explosion is carried out after the mixed acid is soaked, high-pressure steam is released instantly to generate explosion, thereby realizing the change of the structure of the plant straws and improving the subsequent fermentation treatment efficiency and the degradation efficiency of organic matters.
This application adopts phosphorus ore as the phosphorus source of compound fertilizer, utilize the plant straw after acid catalysis steam explosion treatment as the reaction medium that the phosphorus ore powder dissolves simultaneously, its phosphorus dissolves the effect excellently, and because acid catalysis carries out the steam explosion after, the plant straw is broken the back, and there is bigger area of contact between the phosphorus ore powder, and in this process, this application still controls to react under the high temperature hydrothermal condition, can generate humic acid between phosphorus ore powder and the plant straw, many conjugated fragrant isotructures in the humic acid can influence biological effect, make the nutrient of crops self be in balanced state, promote the root system compound fertilizer and the growth of plant, can improve the result of use of plant.
Meanwhile, sodium bisulfate is added in the process and can react with calcium hydrophosphate converted from ground phosphate rock to generate sodium dihydrogen phosphate which is an acidic chemical substance, so that the pH value of a fermented material can be reduced and the conversion of ammonium nitrogen can be inhibited in the subsequent composting fermentation process, thereby realizing the effect of protecting nitrogen in the compost; meanwhile, the plant straws can provide phosphorus elements, so that the quality and the effect of the compound fertilizer can be improved.
The plant straws subjected to acid-catalyzed steam explosion are used for preparing the biochar, acid steam can permeate into the straws in the steam explosion process, so that the formation of micropores of the biochar is further improved during subsequent microwave carbonization, the hole blockage situation is reduced, and the specific surface area of the biochar is improved; meanwhile, silicon element is introduced into the process, and the diatomite is used as a silicon source, so that the quality of the compound fertilizer is further improved.
In the subsequent composting fermentation process, the surface of the biochar contains rich pore structures and a large specific surface area, so that a place is provided for the activity of microorganisms, oxygen is favorably conveyed, a favorable space is provided for the growth activity of the microorganisms, and meanwhile, as the plant straws are subjected to blasting pretreatment, the straws are crushed and have a large number of gaps which provide intervals for the activity of the microorganisms, but the interface action between solid and liquid phases can influence the degradation on the contrary, so that sophorolipid is introduced into the composting fermentation process and is used as a biomass surfactant, the propagation and dispersion of microbial cells among the crushed plant straws can be enhanced, the microorganisms are prevented from being detained on the surface layer of the compost, the microorganisms can reach the deeper layer of the material, and the microorganisms are distributed more uniformly and reasonably, so that the degradation efficiency is improved; but also can improve the gap capillary action between the plant straws, generate a medium liquid film in the gap, ensure the oxygen delivery of microorganisms and further improve the degradation effect.
According to the application, the selenium source does not adopt conventional inorganic selenium or organic selenium, but selects nano selenium with lower toxicity, and the nano selenium is coated by the folic acid modified chitosan, so that the selenium source is ensured while the stability of the nano selenium is improved, the folic acid modified chitosan can also play a slow release effect during actual use, and the use effect of the compound fertilizer is further improved.
The plant straw loaded with the biochar and the acid steam explosion is added, and in the process, due to the existence of the activated carbon, the plant straw subjected to the acid steam explosion and the chitosan coated nano selenium, the cadmium in the soil can be subjected to chemical and physical adsorption, the effective cadmium in the soil is reduced, the absorption of the cadmium element by the plant is inhibited, the cadmium element is prevented from migrating and enriching to the plant, and the application effect in the cadmium-polluted soil is more excellent.
The application discloses a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the component design is reasonable, the process is simple and practical, the prepared compound fertilizer contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and organic matters, the yield of crops can be effectively improved, the yield increasing effect is obvious, selenium-rich organic pollution-free agricultural products can be produced, chemical and physical adsorption can be carried out on cadmium in soil, the absorption of plants on cadmium elements is inhibited, and the practicability is higher.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking the plant straws for 20 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, filtering and drying the plant straws to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws; the plant straw is wheat straw; when mixed acid is used for dipping, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out every 1h, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 10 min.
(2) Adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring for 20min, transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 3h at 160 ℃, cooling to 80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react for 4h, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring for 20min, carrying out microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar; wherein the microwave carbonization power is 200W, and the carbonization time is 12 min.
(4) Mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring for 3h, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark for 10h, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(5) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring for 20min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to be 60%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B; wherein the composting time is 50 d;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 10min to obtain a finished product.
In this embodiment, the raw materials of each component of the compound fertilizer comprise: by weight, 15 parts of plant straw powder, 12 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of pig manure, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, 8 parts of loaded biochar, 3 parts of sophorolipid, 0.01 part of selenium fertilizer, 5 parts of urea, 0.23 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.38 part of ferrite aqueous solution and 3 parts of composite bacteria.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking for 14 hours at 38 ℃, filtering and drying to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1.1MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws; the plant straw is corn straw; when the mixed acid is soaked, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out every 1h, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 15 min.
(2) Adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring for 24min, transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting at 166 ℃ for 2.5h, cooling to 80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react for 4.5h, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring for 28min, carrying out microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar; wherein the microwave carbonization power is 245W, and the carbonization time is 11 min.
(4) Mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring for 4h, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark for 10h, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(5) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring for 25min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to 65%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B; wherein the composting time is 53 d;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 15min to obtain a finished product.
In this embodiment, the raw materials of each component of the compound fertilizer comprise: by weight, 18 parts of plant straw powder, 13 parts of chicken manure, 17 parts of pig manure, 9 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, 9 parts of loaded biochar, 3.5 parts of sophorolipid, 0.015 part of selenium fertilizer, 6 parts of urea, 0.25 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.39 part of ferrous salt aqueous solution and 4 parts of composite bacteria.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking the plant straws for 10 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, filtering and drying the plant straws to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1.2MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws; the plant straw is sugarcane straw; when mixed acid is used for dipping, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out at intervals of 1h, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 20min each time.
(2) Adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring for 30min, transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 2h at 170 ℃, cooling to 80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react for 5h, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring for 30min, carbonizing by microwave, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar; wherein the microwave carbonization power is 300W, and the carbonization time is 10 min.
(4) Mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring for 5h, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark for 10h, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(5) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring for 30min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to be 70%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B; wherein the composting time is 55 d;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 20min to obtain a finished product.
In this embodiment, the raw materials of each component of the compound fertilizer comprise: by weight, 20 parts of plant straw powder, 15 parts of chicken manure, 18 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, 10 parts of loaded biochar, 4 parts of sophorolipid, 0.02 part of selenium fertilizer, 8 parts of urea, 0.28 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.4 part of ferrite aqueous solution and 5 parts of composite bacteria.
Comparative example 1:
a preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) placing plant straws in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1.1MPa, taking explosion residues, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws; the plant straw is corn straw;
(2) adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring for 24min, transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting at 166 ℃ for 2.5h, cooling to 80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react for 4.5h, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring for 28min, carrying out microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar; wherein the microwave carbonization power is 245W, and the carbonization time is 11 min.
(4) Mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring for 4h, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark for 10h, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(5) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring for 25min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to 65%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B; wherein the composting time is 53 d;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 15min to obtain a finished product.
In this embodiment, the raw materials of each component of the compound fertilizer comprise: by weight, 18 parts of plant straw powder, 13 parts of chicken manure, 17 parts of pig manure, 9 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, 9 parts of loaded biochar, 3.5 parts of sophorolipid, 0.015 part of selenium fertilizer, 6 parts of urea, 0.25 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.39 part of ferrous salt aqueous solution and 4 parts of composite bacteria.
Comparative example 2:
a preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking for 14 hours at 38 ℃, filtering and drying to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1.1MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws; the plant straw is corn straw; when the mixed acid is soaked, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out every 1h, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 15 min.
(2) Taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring for 28min, carrying out microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar; wherein the microwave carbonization power is 245W, and the carbonization time is 11 min.
(3) Mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring for 4h, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark for 10h, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(4) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (2), stirring for 25min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to be 65%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B; wherein the composting time is 53 d;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 15min to obtain a finished product.
In this embodiment, the raw materials of each component of the compound fertilizer comprise: 13 parts of chicken manure, 17 parts of pig manure, 9 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste fungus chaff, 9 parts of loaded biochar, 3.5 parts of sophorolipid, 0.015 part of selenium fertilizer, 6 parts of urea, 0.25 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.39 part of ferrite salt aqueous solution and 4 parts of composite bacteria.
Comparative example 3:
a preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking for 14 hours at 38 ℃, filtering and drying to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1.1MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws; the plant straw is corn straw; when the mixed acid is soaked, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out every 1h, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 15 min.
(2) Adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring for 24min, transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting at 166 ℃ for 2.5h, cooling to 80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react for 4.5h, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring for 4h, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark for 10h, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(4) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and conventional biochar, stirring for 25min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to 65%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B; wherein the composting time is 53 d;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 15min to obtain a finished product.
In this embodiment, the raw materials of each component of the compound fertilizer comprise: by weight, 18 parts of plant straw powder, 13 parts of chicken manure, 17 parts of pig manure, 9 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, 9 parts of conventional biochar, 3.5 parts of sophorolipid, 0.015 part of selenium fertilizer, 6 parts of urea, 0.25 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.39 part of ferrous salt aqueous solution and 4 parts of composite bacteria.
Comparative example 4:
a preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking for 14 hours at 38 ℃, filtering and drying to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1.1MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws; the plant straw is corn straw; when the mixed acid is soaked, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out every 1h, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 15 min.
(2) Adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring for 24min, transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting at 166 ℃ for 2.5h, cooling to 80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react for 4.5h, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring for 28min, carrying out microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar; wherein the microwave carbonization power is 245W, and the carbonization time is 11 min.
(4) Mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring for 25min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to 65%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B; wherein the composting time is 53 d;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenite aqueous solution, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrite aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 15min to obtain a finished product.
In this embodiment, the raw materials of each component of the compound fertilizer comprise: by weight, 18 parts of plant straw powder, 13 parts of chicken manure, 17 parts of pig manure, 9 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, 9 parts of loaded biochar, 3.5 parts of sophorolipid, 0.015 part of selenite aqueous solution, 6 parts of urea, 0.25 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.39 part of ferrite aqueous solution and 4 parts of composite bacteria.
Detection experiment:
examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 are provided, wherein examples 1-3 are performed according to the present protocol;
comparative example 1 was modified from example 2 by conventional steam explosion and no acid steam explosion in comparative example 1, with the remaining process parameters and component content being in accordance with example 2.
Comparative example 2 is improved on the basis of example 2, no plant straw powder is added in comparative example 2, and the parameters and component content of the rest steps are consistent with those of example 2.
Comparative example 3 was modified on the basis of example 2, in comparative example 3 a conventional commercial biochar was added, the remaining process parameters and component content being in accordance with example 2.
Comparative example 4 was modified on the basis of example 2, in comparative example 4 an aqueous selenite solution was added, and the remaining process parameters and component contents were identical to those of example 2.
1. And (3) total nitrogen determination: selecting the material B after composting and fermenting in the step (5) of the embodiments (examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2), determining by using an element analyzer, and calculating the nitrogen loss rate in the composting process, wherein the specific calculation method is a conventional detection method in the field and is not described herein for a long time.
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Rate of nitrogen loss | 16.13％ | 15.47％ | 16.32％ | 20.76％ | 25.42％ |
2. Selecting soil polluted by cadmium in a certain place, sieving the soil by a 20-mesh sieve, adding the compound fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4 into the soil according to the addition of 25 percent, setting a blank control group, and carrying out a potted wheat test after the soil is aged for 2 months in a balanced manner.
During the test, wheat seeds are grown, the seedlings are transplanted and loaded in balanced potted plants after one week, 4 seedlings are planted in each pot, 15% of compound fertilizer is applied when the wheat enters the heading stage, after the wheat is mature, the seeds are harvested, and the cadmium content and the selenium content are measured.
And (4) conclusion: the application discloses a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the component design is reasonable, the process is simple and practical, the prepared compound fertilizer contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and organic matters, the yield of crops can be effectively improved, the yield increasing effect is obvious, selenium-rich organic pollution-free agricultural products can be produced, chemical and physical adsorption can be carried out on cadmium in soil, the absorption of plants on cadmium elements is inhibited, and the practicability is higher.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking for 10-20h, filtering, and drying to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1-1.2MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws;
(2) adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring, transferring the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 2-3h at the temperature of 160-80 ℃, cooling to 70-80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring, performing microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar;
(4) mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark place, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(5) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring uniformly, adding sophorolipid, water and a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B;
and mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria to obtain a finished product.
2. The method for preparing the multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking plant straws, putting the plant straws into a mixed acid solution, stirring and soaking for 10-20h at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, filtering, and drying to obtain a material A;
placing the material A in a steam explosion machine, carrying out explosion under the condition that the steam explosion pressure is 1-1.2MPa, taking explosion slag, and carrying out air drying and crushing to obtain pretreated plant straws;
(2) adding deionized water and powdered rock phosphate into pretreated plant straws, mixing and stirring for 20-30min, transferring the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 2-3h at the temperature of 160-170 ℃, cooling to 70-80 ℃, adding sodium bisulfate, continuing to react for 4-5h, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain plant straw powder;
(3) taking the pretreated plant straw prepared in the step (1), adding diatomite and deionized water, mixing and stirring for 20-30min, carrying out microwave carbonization, cooling, grinding and crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain loaded biochar;
(4) mixing folic acid modified chitosan and acetic acid solution, adding sodium selenite solution, stirring for 3-5 hr, adding ascorbic acid, standing in dark for 10 hr, and dialyzing to obtain selenium fertilizer;
(5) mixing chicken manure, pig manure and soybean meal, adding pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, the plant straw powder prepared in the step (2) and the loaded charcoal prepared in the step (3), stirring for 20-30min, adding sophorolipid and water, regulating and controlling the water content to be 60-70%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a material B;
mixing and stirring the material B, the selenium fertilizer, the urea, the zinc salt aqueous solution, the ferrous salt aqueous solution and the compound bacteria for 10-20min to obtain a finished product.
3. The method for preparing the multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the plant straw is any one or more of corn straw, wheat straw and sugarcane straw.
4. The method for preparing the multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the mixed acid solution comprises citric acid and hydrochloric acid, and the mass ratio of the citric acid to the hydrochloric acid is 1: 1.
5. the method for preparing the multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), when mixed acid is used for dipping, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out at intervals of 1h, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 10-20min each time.
6. The method for preparing the multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the compound bacteria comprise saccharomycetes and rhizobia.
7. The method for preparing the multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the fermentation microbial inoculum is an EM microbial inoculum.
8. The method for preparing the multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the microwave carbonization power is 200-300W, and the carbonization time is 10-12 min.
9. The method for preparing the multi-selenium long-acting ecological compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the composting time is 50-55d during composting fermentation.
10. A compound fertilizer produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: by weight, 15-20 parts of plant straw powder, 12-15 parts of chicken manure, 15-18 parts of pig manure, 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom bran, 8-10 parts of loaded biochar, 3-4 parts of sophorolipid, 0.01-0.02 part of selenium fertilizer, 5-8 parts of urea, 0.23-0.28 part of zinc salt aqueous solution, 0.38-0.4 part of ferrous salt aqueous solution and 3-5 parts of compound bacteria.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113277911A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-08-20 | 内蒙古恒赋清真食品股份公司 | Selenium-enriched corn production regulator and selenium-enriched corn thereof |
| CN115487778A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-20 | 湖南口味王集团有限责任公司 | Biochar and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-01-22 CN CN202110086131.6A patent/CN112661568A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113277911A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-08-20 | 内蒙古恒赋清真食品股份公司 | Selenium-enriched corn production regulator and selenium-enriched corn thereof |
| CN115487778A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-20 | 湖南口味王集团有限责任公司 | Biochar and preparation method thereof |
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