CN114276197A - Method for producing synergistic fertilizer by using food waste - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a synergistic fertilizer by using food wastes, belonging to the field of waste treatment. Comprises (1) collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for use; mixing corn husks in a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues in a starch factory and bagasse in a sugar factory to obtain a raw material mixture, adding corn soaking water, adding yeast, fermenting for 8-12h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, inactivating, performing enzymolysis by using protease at the temperature of 50 ℃, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues, (2) drying the filter residues, and putting the filter residues into a high-temperature cracking furnace for high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar; (3) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution, grinding and filtering, wherein the filtrate is a water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is an organic fertilizer. The preparation method is simple, can simultaneously utilize protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and carbon fiber in food waste, can be used as an organic fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, has the effects of reducing weight and improving efficiency, effectively reduces the use of 20-30% of chemical fertilizers, and can increase the yield of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water-soluble fertilizers, in particular to a method for producing a synergistic water-soluble fertilizer by using wastes and a water-soluble fertilizer.
Background
The water-soluble fertilizer is a compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, trace elements, amino acid, humic acid, alginic acid and the like and can be completely dissolved in water, and comprises a liquid water-soluble fertilizer and a solid water-soluble fertilizer, and nutrients comprise a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer, a trace element water-soluble fertilizer, a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, an organic water-soluble fertilizer and the like.
The water soluble fertilizer is generally subjected to drop irrigation and spraying, nutrient elements, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and the like in the water soluble fertilizer are easy to run off in the drop irrigation, the utilization rate of the water soluble fertilizer is low, soil hardening at the drop irrigation part is easy to cause, and the absorption of plants to the fertilizer is influenced.
The existing soil improvement additives such as microorganism bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and the like are adopted, and amino acids are also adopted as additives, such as a water-soluble fertilizer synergist disclosed in publication No. CN104892164A, wherein 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, polyglutamic acid, polyacrylamide, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus are mixed to mainly keep the microorganism in a plough layer and quickly propagate. Publication No. CN104817383A discloses a garden waste biomass charcoal-based compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps of cracking garden waste at high temperature to obtain biomass charcoal, and mixing the biomass charcoal with the fertilizer. In the technical scheme, carbonized ash (grass ash) of garden waste is utilized, and ammonia compounds, amino acids and the like contained in the carbonized ash are not fully utilized. Publication No. CN 105016852A discloses a method for preparing a carbon fertilizer synergist from vegetable wastes, which comprises the step of fully reacting the vegetable wastes with water-soluble polymers and organic acids at 160-300 ℃ to obtain relevant products containing monosaccharides, amino acids and the like. Wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. The method is also carbonization under high temperature condition, mainly uses the porous structure of carbonized particles to adsorb heavy metal ions, improves soil, and still does not fully utilize amino acid and protein in the soil.
At present, food factories such as sugar factories, monosodium glutamate factories, starch factories and the like and Chinese medicine factories generate a large amount of waste, and the waste contains polysaccharide, protein amino acid and the like. For example, the wastes of the sugar refinery are mainly bagasse, waste honey, filter mud and the like, the yield of the bagasse is about 25 percent of the squeezed amount of the sugarcane, the bagasse contains a certain amount of sugar (about 3 percent), the cellulose content of the bagasse after washing and drying is about 50 percent, and the hemicellulose content is more than 20 percent. Compared with other cellulosic agricultural byproducts (bark, straw and the like), the bagasse contains abundant cellulose and hemicellulose, and has higher comprehensive utilization and deep processing value. And for example, the wastes of the monosodium glutamate factory mainly comprise corn soaking water for producing monosodium glutamate by corn starch, sugar residues filtered during sugar making, oil cakes and oil residues obtained by squeezing oil from embryo buds, corn bran residues and the like, which are generally mixed with fertilizer products and then concentrated and dried, so that secondary pollution is easily caused. As another example, the main waste of starch factories is corn grit which contains high protein and crude fiber and is generally used as feed.
In summary, there is an urgent need for a process for producing carbon fiber by using waste materials of food processing plants, which can fully utilize amino acids and organic materials in the waste materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for producing a synergistic water-soluble fertilizer by using wastes, and the method is used for extracting internal amino acid organic matters by a process to obtain the synergistic water-soluble fertilizer with high utilization rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for producing synergistic fertilizer by utilizing food waste comprises the following steps;
(1) treatment of materials
Collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for later use; mixing corn husks of a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues of a starch factory and bagasse of a sugar factory to obtain a raw material mixture, adding corn soaking water, adding yeast, fermenting for 8-12h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, inactivating, performing enzymolysis by using protease at the temperature of 50 ℃, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues, wherein the filtrate is an aqueous solution for later use;
(2) carbonizing
Drying the filter residue obtained in the step (1), putting the filter residue into a high-temperature cracking furnace, adding a dispersing agent, and performing high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing
And (2) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution obtained in the step (1), adding auxiliary materials, homogenizing, grinding, filtering, wherein the filtrate is a water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is an organic fertilizer. The auxiliary materials in the step are any one or more of macromolecular organic matters, amino acids, organic acids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic fertilizers, trace elements and microorganisms. Adding different auxiliary materials to form fertilizers with different element types.
The macromolecular organic substances include but are not limited to polyglutamic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
The organic acid includes, but is not limited to, humic acid and fulvic acid.
The addition amount of the auxiliary materials is between 1 and 50 percent, and the proper addition proportion is selected according to different auxiliary materials.
Further, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the raw material mixture to the corn soaking water is 1: (10-15); the amount of the yeast is 2-5% of the mixed material.
Preferably, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the raw material mixture to the corn soaking water is 1: 12. the amount of yeast used was 3% of the mixture. The yeast can utilize the carbohydrate in the raw material mixture to synthesize amino acid and the like, so that the content of the amino acid in the aqueous solution of the product is increased, and the subsequent amino acid is conveniently loaded in the biochar.
Further, the dosage of the protease in the step (1) is 1.5-2% of the raw material mixture, and the enzymolysis time is 40-60 min.
Specifically, the dosage of protease is 2% of the raw material mixture, and the enzymolysis time is 50 min. The protease can hydrolyze insoluble and large-particle proteins in the solid mixture to make the insoluble and large-particle proteins become soluble small molecules and free in the solution, so that the content of amino acid in the water-soluble fertilizer is increased.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature of the pyrolysis is 150-600 ℃.
Further, the pyrolysis is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 150-.
Specifically, the pyrolysis is first preheated at the temperature of 150-.
Further, in the step (2), the dispersing agent is any one or two mixtures of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.
Further, the addition amount of the dispersing agent in the step (2) is 2-5% of the raw material mixture.
Preferably, the amount of dispersant added is 4% of the feed mixture. The dispersing agent contains carbonate, carbon dioxide is generated in a heating state, and the carbon dioxide can generate bubbles in the generation process, so that the biological carbon is prevented from caking, is more exquisite and is convenient to dissolve. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide in the pyrolysis furnace can be adsorbed in the biochar, so that carbon elements in the biochar are improved, the biochar can be added into soil after being applied into the soil, organic matters generated in the soil can be adsorbed by the biochar, the content of the organic matters in the soil is improved, and the soil is prevented from hardening.
Further, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the biochar to the aqueous solution in the step (3) is 1: 5.
Further, the grinding in the step (3) is wet grinding by using a ball mill, and the grinding time is 5-10 min.
Further, filtering in the step (3) to obtain a filtrate through a 10-micron sieve.
The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food wastes has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention makes full use of food waste to produce the water soluble fertilizer, and the preparation method can make the saccharides, proteins and amino acids in the waste fully free into the solution by yeast fermentation and protease enzymolysis, thereby improving the content of organic matters in the aqueous solution and promoting the growth of crops.
(2) The invention fully utilizes bagasse of a sugar refinery, obtains biochar through cracking, fully mixes the biochar with substances, and adds functional auxiliary materials. The biochar has high adsorbability, and can adsorb auxiliary materials, amino acids, proteins and the like in an aqueous solution after grinding to fix a plough layer, so that water and soil loss and soil hardening are prevented.
(3) The preparation method is simple, can fully utilize protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and carbon fiber in food waste, can be used as an organic fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, can be used for reducing weight and improving efficiency, effectively reduces the use of 20-30% of chemical fertilizers, and can also increase the yield of crops.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for producing synergistic fertilizer by utilizing food waste comprises the following steps;
(1) treatment of materials
Collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for later use; the corn soaking water contains a large amount of protein, starch, carbohydrate fat and the like, particularly prolamin and glutelin, and also contains inorganic salt, so that the propagation of yeast can be met. The bred yeast can utilize water-insoluble substitute, sugar and fat to convert the yeast into more soluble organic matters, so that the overall activity of the fertilizer is improved.
Mixing corn husks of a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues of a starch factory and bagasse of a sugar refinery to obtain a raw material mixture, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the raw material mixture to corn soaking water is 1: 10 for 2-3h, adding yeast 2% of the raw material mixture, fermenting at 30 ℃ for 10h, inactivating, adding protease 1.5% of the raw material mixture, performing enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, wherein the filtrate is aqueous solution for use;
(2) carbonizing
Drying the filter residue obtained in the step (1), putting the filter residue into a high-temperature cracking furnace, adding a dispersing agent, and performing high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar;
the pyrolysis is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 150 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 400 ℃ for 2 h. The dispersant is sodium bicarbonate, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 4 percent of the raw material mixture;
the starting temperature was set at 150 ℃ to make the solid material suitable for this temperature, and the temperature was again raised to 400 ℃. In the preheating reaction process, the particle size of the carbonized particles is smaller and the arrangement is more uniform. And the subsequent dispersion of the particle size of the biochar can be better ensured and the dispersibility of the biochar in water can be better ensured by high-temperature carbonization at 400 ℃.
(3) Mixing
And (2) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, performing wet grinding for 10min by using a ball mill, and filtering by using a 10-micron sieve, wherein the filtrate is a water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is an organic fertilizer.
Example 2
A method for producing synergistic fertilizer by utilizing food waste comprises the following steps;
(1) treatment of materials
Collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for later use; the corn soaking water contains a large amount of protein, starch, carbohydrate fat and the like, particularly prolamin and glutelin, and also contains inorganic salt, so that the propagation of yeast can be met. The bred yeast can utilize water-insoluble substitute, sugar and fat to convert the yeast into more soluble organic matters, so that the overall activity of the fertilizer is improved.
Mixing corn husks of a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues of a starch factory and bagasse of a sugar factory to obtain a raw material mixture, mixing and soaking the raw material mixture and corn soaking water for 2-3 hours according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, adding yeast of 5% of the raw material mixture, fermenting at the temperature of 35 ℃ for 12 hours, inactivating, adding protease of 2% of the raw material mixture, performing enzymolysis at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 60 minutes, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues, wherein the filtrate is aqueous solution for later use;
(2) carbonizing
Drying the filter residue obtained in the step (1), putting the filter residue into a high-temperature cracking furnace, adding a dispersing agent, and performing high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar;
the high-temperature cracking is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 200 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 600 ℃ for 1 h. The dispersant was sodium carbonate and was added in an amount of 5% of the feed mixture.
(3) Mixing
And (2) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, adding polyglutamic acid after mixing, homogenizing, carrying out wet grinding for 5min by a ball mill, and filtering by a 10-micron sieve, wherein the filtrate is a water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is an organic fertilizer.
The polyglutamic acid accounts for 10% of the mass of the biomass charcoal.
Example 3
A method for producing synergistic fertilizer by utilizing food waste comprises the following steps;
(1) treatment of materials
Collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for later use; the corn soaking water contains a large amount of protein, starch, carbohydrate fat and the like, particularly prolamin and glutelin, and also contains inorganic salt, so that the propagation of yeast can be met. The bred yeast can utilize water-insoluble substitute, sugar and fat to convert the yeast into more soluble organic matters, so that the overall activity of the fertilizer is improved.
Mixing corn husks of a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues of a starch factory and bagasse of a sugar factory to obtain a raw material mixture, mixing and soaking the raw material mixture and corn soaking water for 2-3 hours according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:12, adding yeast of 2% of the raw material mixture, fermenting at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 8 hours, inactivating, adding protease of 1.8% of the raw material mixture, performing enzymolysis at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 50 minutes, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues, wherein the filtrate is an aqueous solution for later use;
(2) carbonizing
Drying the filter residue obtained in the step (1), putting the filter residue into a high-temperature cracking furnace, adding a dispersing agent, and performing high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar;
the pyrolysis is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 150 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 330 ℃ for 2 h. The dispersant is sodium bicarbonate, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 2 percent of the raw material mixture;
the starting temperature was set at 150 ℃ to make the solid material suitable for this temperature, and the temperature was again raised to 350 ℃. In the preheating reaction process, the particle size of the carbonized particles is smaller and the arrangement is more uniform. And the subsequent dispersion of the particle size of the biochar can be better ensured by high-temperature carbonization at 350 ℃, and the dispersibility of the biochar in water can also be better ensured.
(3) Mixing
And (2) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, adding the compound fertilizer after mixing, homogenizing, carrying out wet grinding for 10min by a ball mill, filtering by a 10-micron sieve, wherein the filtrate is water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is organic fertilizer.
The compound fertilizer is 15-15-15, and the adding amount of the compound fertilizer is 20% of the mass of the charcoal.
Example 4
A method for producing synergistic fertilizer by utilizing food waste comprises the following steps;
(1) treatment of materials
Collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for later use; the corn soaking water contains a large amount of protein, starch, carbohydrate fat and the like, particularly prolamin and glutelin, and also contains inorganic salt, so that the propagation of yeast can be met. The bred yeast can utilize water-insoluble substitute, sugar and fat to convert the yeast into more soluble organic matters, so that the overall activity of the fertilizer is improved.
Mixing corn husks of a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues of a starch factory and bagasse of a sugar refinery to obtain a raw material mixture, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the raw material mixture to corn soaking water is 1: 10-15, adding yeast 2% of the raw material mixture, fermenting at 30 deg.C for 12h, inactivating, adding protease 1.5% of the raw material mixture, performing enzymolysis at 50 deg.C for 40min, and filtering to obtain filtrate and residue, wherein the filtrate is water solution;
(2) carbonizing
Drying the filter residue obtained in the step (1), putting the filter residue into a high-temperature cracking furnace, adding a dispersing agent, and performing high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar;
the pyrolysis is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 150 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 400 ℃ for 2 h. The dispersant is sodium bicarbonate, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 3 percent of the raw material mixture;
the starting temperature was set at 150 ℃ to make the solid material suitable for this temperature, and the temperature was again raised to 400 ℃. In the preheating reaction process, the particle size of the carbonized particles is smaller and the arrangement is more uniform. And the subsequent dispersion of the particle size of the biochar can be better ensured and the dispersibility of the biochar in water can be better ensured by high-temperature carbonization at 400 ℃.
(3) Mixing
And (2) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, adding the compound fertilizer and the trace elements after mixing, homogenizing, carrying out wet grinding for 10min by using a ball mill, and filtering by using a 10-micron sieve, wherein the filtrate is a water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is an organic fertilizer.
The compound fertilizer is 15-15-15, and the adding amount of the compound fertilizer is 20% of the mass of the charcoal. The addition amount of the trace elements is 5 percent of the mass of the biochar. The microelements comprise calcium, magnesium, ferrum, zinc, nickel, boron, manganese, molybdenum, and copper. The addition of trace elements is performed according to national standards.
Example 5
A method for producing synergistic fertilizer by utilizing food waste comprises the following steps;
(1) treatment of materials
Collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for later use; the corn soaking water contains a large amount of protein, starch, carbohydrate fat and the like, particularly prolamin and glutelin, and also contains inorganic salt, so that the propagation of yeast can be met. The bred yeast can utilize water-insoluble substitute, sugar and fat to convert the yeast into more soluble organic matters, so that the overall activity of the fertilizer is improved.
Mixing corn husks of a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues of a starch factory and bagasse of a sugar refinery to obtain a raw material mixture, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the raw material mixture to corn soaking water is 1: 10 for 2-3h, adding yeast 2% of the raw material mixture, fermenting at 35 ℃ for 12h, inactivating, adding protease 2.0% of the raw material mixture, performing enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 60min, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, wherein the filtrate is aqueous solution for use;
(2) carbonizing
Drying the filter residue obtained in the step (1), putting the filter residue into a high-temperature cracking furnace, adding a dispersing agent, and performing high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar;
the pyrolysis is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 150 ℃, and then the temperature is increased to 360 ℃ for 2 h. The dispersant is sodium bicarbonate, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 4 percent of the raw material mixture;
the starting temperature was set at 150 ℃ to make the solid material suitable for this temperature, and the temperature was raised to 360 ℃. In the preheating reaction process, the particle size of the carbonized particles is smaller and the arrangement is more uniform. And the subsequent dispersion of the particle size of the biochar can be better ensured and the dispersibility of the biochar in water can be better ensured by high-temperature carbonization at 360 ℃.
(3) Mixing
And (2) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, adding the compound amino acid after mixing, homogenizing, carrying out wet grinding for 10min by using a ball mill, and filtering by using a 10-micron sieve, wherein the filtrate is a water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is an organic fertilizer.
The compound amino acid at least comprises glutamic acid, proline, aspartic acid and glycine, wherein the adding amount of the compound amino acid is 30% of the mass of the biochar.
Example 6
A method for producing synergistic fertilizer by utilizing food waste comprises the following steps;
(1) treatment of materials
Collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for later use; the corn soaking water contains a large amount of protein, starch, carbohydrate fat and the like, particularly prolamin and glutelin, and also contains inorganic salt, so that the propagation of yeast can be met. The bred yeast can utilize water-insoluble substitute, sugar and fat to convert the yeast into more soluble organic matters, so that the overall activity of the fertilizer is improved.
Mixing corn husks of a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues of a starch factory and bagasse of a sugar refinery to obtain a raw material mixture, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the raw material mixture to corn soaking water is 1: 10 for 2-3h, adding yeast 2% of the raw material mixture, fermenting at 35 ℃ for 12h, inactivating, adding protease 2.0% of the raw material mixture, performing enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 60min, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, wherein the filtrate is aqueous solution for use;
(2) carbonizing
Drying the filter residue obtained in the step (1), putting the filter residue into a high-temperature cracking furnace, adding a dispersing agent, and performing high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar;
the pyrolysis is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 150 ℃, and then the temperature is increased to 360 ℃ for 2 h. The dispersant is sodium bicarbonate, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 4 percent of the raw material mixture;
the starting temperature was set at 150 ℃ to make the solid material suitable for this temperature, and the temperature was raised to 360 ℃. In the preheating reaction process, the particle size of the carbonized particles is smaller and the arrangement is more uniform. And the subsequent dispersion of the particle size of the biochar can be better ensured and the dispersibility of the biochar in water can be better ensured by high-temperature carbonization at 360 ℃.
(3) Mixing
And (2) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, adding polyglutamic acid, fulvic acid, compound amino acid and compound fertilizer after mixing, homogenizing, carrying out wet grinding for 10min by using a ball mill, and filtering by using a 10-micron sieve, wherein the filtrate is a water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is an organic fertilizer.
The compound amino acid at least comprises glutamic acid, proline, aspartic acid and glycine, wherein the adding amount of the compound amino acid is 10% of the mass of the biochar.
The adding amount of the polyglutamic acid is 5 percent of the mass of the charcoal; the addition amount of fulvic acid is 5 percent of the mass of the charcoal; the adding amount of the compound fertilizer is 30 percent of the mass of the charcoal. The compound fertilizer is 15-15-15 type.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that only yeast fermentation is carried out in the material treatment in the step (1) and protease enzymolysis is not carried out.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that yeast fermentation is not performed in the material treatment in the step (1), and only protease enzymolysis is performed.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method is the same as example 1, except that in the carbonization process of step (2), pyrolysis is directly carried out at 400 ℃ for 2.5 h.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method was the same as in example 1, except that no dispersant was added during the carbonization in step (2).
Comparative example 5
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that in the mixing process of the step (3), ball milling is not carried out, and the mixture is directly and fully mixed and then filtered.
1000ml of the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in the example 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 5 is concentrated and dried to obtain a powdered water-soluble fertilizer, and the powdered water-soluble fertilizer is detected to obtain the following results:
TABLE 1 Properties of the respective groups
| Detecting items | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 |
| Dry matter content, g | 46.22 | 44.29 | 45.38 | 38.93 | 45.74 | 41.46 |
| Free amino acids,% of | 15.87 | 9.31 | 10.25 | 15.64 | 15.36 | 15.72 |
| Trace elements (b) of | 4.39 | 4.24 | 2.18 | 4.31 | 4.24 | 4.04 |
| pH value (1:250 times dilution) | 4.0-10.0 | 4.0-10.0 | 4.0-10.0 | 4.0-10.0 | 4.0-10.0 | 4.0-10.0 |
| Humic acid% | 2.43 | 2.39 | 2.39 | 2.21 | 2.35 | 2.43 |
| Water-insoluble matter% | ≤5.0 | ≤5.0 | ≤5.0 | ≤5.0 | ≤5.0 | ≤5.0 |
| Stability (30d) | Stable dispersion of | Stable dispersion of | Stable dispersion of | Stable dispersion of | Stable dispersion of | Delamination occurred |
As can be seen from table 1, the staged cracking and grinding has a significant effect on the dry matter content, i.e. the water-soluble biochar content. The invention adopts the combination of segmentation and grinding, and can improve the content of the water-soluble biochar.
The preparation method of the invention fully utilizes food waste, and obtains the water-soluble fertilizer with high organic matter and good stability through yeast fermentation, protease enzymolysis, segmented cracking and grinding.
Field test
Experiment I, influence of water-soluble fertilizer on growth of apples
The test site is an apple planting base in Wanrong county of Shanxi province, Fuji apple trees with 4-7 years of fruit are selected, the row spacing is about 1.5x3.5 meters, about 127 plants are planted per mu, the organic water-soluble fertilizer for test awakening is produced and provided by New agriculture development Limited company in Shandong, and the main components of the product are as follows: the polyglutamic acid is more than or equal to 10g/L, the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, the organic matter is more than or equal to 100g/L, and N + P2O5+K2O≥200g/L。
And (2) testing a fertilizer II: the carbon-adsorbed polyglutamic acid organic water-soluble fertilizer is produced and provided by biological engineering limited companies in the south of the river and the east of the river, wherein the content of polyglutamic acid is more than or equal to 10g/L, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 100 g/L.
And (3) testing fertilizer III: 45% water soluble compound fertilizer, N: P2O5:K2O＝15:15:15。
The test was conducted with 5 treatments, namely a blank control (no fertilizer application), the water-soluble fertilizer of example 6, the first test fertilizer, the second test fertilizer and the third test fertilizer. The test fertilizers are respectively applied in the prophase of flowering, the flowering period, the fruit setting period and the expanding period by taking plants as units, each treatment is divided into 3 areas, and each area is provided with 5 plants for carrying out average yield value. The fertilizer application amount is respectively as follows:
TABLE 2 fertilizing amount at each stage
| In the early flowering stage | Flowering phase | Fruit setting period | Expansion phase |
| 3 kg/strain | 1 kg per plant | 1 kg per plant | 2 kg/strain |
Root application is carried out at the prophase of the flower, the root application can be carried out for 1 to 2 times, and the dilution multiple is 400 times.
Spraying is adopted in the flowering period and the fruit setting period, the flowering period is 1-2 times, the fruit setting period is 1-2 times, and the dilution multiple is 800 times.
Spraying is adopted in the expansion period, the spraying is carried out 3-4 times in the whole fruit expansion period, and the dilution multiple is 500 times.
Analysis of results
TABLE 3 Effect of treatments on apple yield
As can be seen from Table 3, the obtained apples can greatly improve the yield of the apples by using the fertilizer of the invention. Compared with the existing polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer, the polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer has a remarkable synergistic effect.
Experiment II, influence of water-soluble fertilizer on corn growth
The test site is a corn planting base in Ruicheng county of Shanxi province, the test fertilizer-awakening organic water-soluble fertilizer is produced and provided by New agriculture development Limited company in Shandong province, and the main components of the product are as follows: the polyglutamic acid is more than or equal to 10g/L, the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, the organic matter is more than or equal to 100g/L, and N + P2O5+K2O≥200g/L。
And (2) testing a fertilizer II: the carbon-adsorbed polyglutamic acid organic water-soluble fertilizer is produced and provided by biological engineering limited companies in the south of the river and the east of the river, wherein the content of polyglutamic acid is more than or equal to 10g/L, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 100 g/L.
The experiment was performed with 4 treatments, respectively:
treatment 1: blank control (conventional water-soluble compound fertilizer);
and (3) treatment 2: the water soluble fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer of example 6 are decreased by 20% and 20% respectively;
and (3) treatment: the tested fertilizer I, the nitrogen fertilizer decrement by 20 percent and the phosphate fertilizer decrement by 20 percent;
and (4) treatment: the tested fertilizer II, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are decreased by 20 percent and 20 percent respectively.
The planting specification comprises 80cm of row spacing and 40cm of plant spacing, and 180 plants are planted in each cell. And (3) applying fertilizers to 12 cells according to a conventional method, and respectively treating the corns by treating 1-4 when the corns grow to 5-9 leaf stages.
The fertilizing time and method are that the seedling fertilizer is applied after 26 days in 5 months, the fertilizer is weighed to be applied to the rows, and the soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied.
TABLE 4 Fertilizer dosage and application method
TABLE 5 corn growth shape and economic benefit
As can be seen from tables 4 and 5, the application of the invention in corn planting can effectively enhance the effect, promote the corn production and significantly improve the yield. And the application of the fertilizer can be effectively reduced, the use of the fertilizer is reduced, the soil hardening is relieved, and the organic matters in the soil are improved.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiment of the present invention is disclosed only as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing synergistic fertilizer by using food wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps;
(1) treatment of materials
Collecting corn soaking water of monosodium glutamate factory waste, and filtering for later use; mixing corn husks of a monosodium glutamate factory, corn residues of a starch factory and bagasse of a sugar factory to obtain a raw material mixture, adding corn soaking water, adding yeast, fermenting for 8-12h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, inactivating, performing enzymolysis by using protease at the temperature of 50 ℃, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues, wherein the filtrate is an aqueous solution for later use;
(2) carbonizing
Drying the filter residue obtained in the step (1), putting the filter residue into a high-temperature cracking furnace, adding a dispersing agent, and performing high-temperature cracking to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing
And (2) mixing the biochar with the aqueous solution obtained in the step (1), adding auxiliary materials, homogenizing, grinding, filtering, wherein the filtrate is a water-soluble fertilizer, and the filter residue is an organic fertilizer.
2. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solid-liquid ratio of the raw material mixture to the corn soaking water is 1: (10-15); the amount of the yeast is 2-5% of the mixed material.
3. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dosage of the protease in the step (1) is 1.5-2% of the raw material mixture, and the enzymolysis time is 40-60 min.
4. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the pyrolysis temperature is 150-600 ℃.
5. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high temperature cracking is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 150 ℃ and 200 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 300 ℃ and 600 ℃ for reaction for 1-3 h.
6. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the dispersing agent is any one or a mixture of two of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.
7. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of the dispersing agent in the step (2) is 2-5% of the raw material mixture.
8. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the biochar to the aqueous solution is 1: 5.
9. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the grinding in the step (3) is wet grinding by adopting a ball mill, and the grinding time is 5-10 min.
10. The method for producing the synergistic fertilizer by using the food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: filtering through a 10-micron sieve in the step (3) to obtain a filtrate.
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| CN109593534A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-09 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of rubbish from cooking charcoal processing method for reducing vegetables and absorbing antibiotic |
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| CN109593534A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-09 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of rubbish from cooking charcoal processing method for reducing vegetables and absorbing antibiotic |
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| CN117736029A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-03-22 | 中山市津海生物技术有限公司 | A method for producing seaweed extract |
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