CN108977393B - Method for producing microbial agent and biological organic fertilizer by using edible oil organic carbon filter cake - Google Patents
Method for producing microbial agent and biological organic fertilizer by using edible oil organic carbon filter cake Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a microbial agent by using an edible oil organic carbon filter cake, which comprises the following steps: preparation of microbial agent with fermentation function: fermenting one or more than one of three strains of bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae independently, mixing the strains according to a mass ratio to prepare a fermentation microbial inoculum, and crushing the fermentation microbial inoculum; fermentation of the organic carbon filter cake: adding a microbial fermentation inoculum to the edible oil organic carbon filter cake subjected to secondary squeezing for fermentation before the temperature is reduced, and converting the edible oil organic carbon filter cake into high-activity organic carbon; preparation of the microbial agent: and (3) cooling the treated edible oil organic carbon filter cake to normal temperature, adding 0.5-20% of microbial inoculum, adjusting the pH, and crushing to obtain the finished microbial inoculum. Meanwhile, the biological organic fertilizer is prepared. The method of the invention is safe and environment-friendly, eliminates the hidden danger of pollution caused by direct discharge of the organic carbon filter cake, has thorough treatment and zero pollution discharge, protects the ecological environment and has low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial agents and microbial fertilizers, in particular to a compound microbial agent and a biological organic fertilizer prepared from an edible oil organic carbon filter cake.
Background
The land which accounts for 7 percent of the world is used in China, the grain which accounts for 21 percent of the world is produced, the population of the world is reduced by 22 percent, and meanwhile, the fertilizer which accounts for 35 percent of the world is consumed. People are many and few, sufficient food supply is guaranteed, and the problem of eating by 13 hundred million people is the first major thing of the country. The large amount of fertilizer is applied, on one hand, the fertilizer plays an extremely important role in ensuring the grain safety, on the other hand, the non-point source pollution of the farmland soil is caused, the contradiction between resources and the environment is increasingly prominent, and the sustainable development of agriculture also faces a great challenge.
With the development of economy, people increasingly recognize the importance of the environment, and the research and popularization of fertilizer application reduction and efficiency improvement technologies are also highly valued by the national agricultural department. The current substitute product vigorously popularized by the country is the application of bio-fertilizer, in terms of the Shanghai region, the soil conservation and restoration funds of the vegetable garden in 2018 years reach one hundred million yuan, wherein products purchased by the government are mainly microbial fertilizer products, and along with the implementation of fertilizer zero-growth action plans of the rural Ministry of agriculture and soil protection and quality improvement projects of the national farmlands, the consumption of the microbial fertilizer accounts for 30-40% of the consumption of the fertilizer in the future.
The distribution and application of the biological organic and inorganic fertilizers are always hot problems of domestic and foreign researches, are important development directions of modern fertilization technologies, and are important measures for solving the problems caused by unreasonable fertilization. Generally, the organic fertilizer has rich organic matter content, comprehensive and low nutrient elements, slow fertilizer efficiency, good fertilizing effect and small negative influence on the environment; the inorganic chemical fertilizer has high nutrient content, quick fertilizer effect and larger negative influence on the environment; the microorganism can activate soil nutrients, reduce the dosage of the fertilizer and promote the nutrient circulation in the soil, and the combination of the three can make up for the deficiencies, thereby ensuring the high yield and the high quality of crops, fertilizing the soil, realizing the sustainable utilization of the soil and simultaneously reducing the negative influence on the environment. Therefore, the reasonable proportion of the organisms, the organic matters and the chemical fertilizer is an important measure for establishing a scientific fertilization system for the organic and inorganic organisms in China to realize the high yield of crops, improve the soil quality and reduce the negative influence of agriculture on the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for producing microbial agents and biofertilizers from cheap organic raw materials rich in high-activity organic carbon, which has high utilization rate, is safe and environment-friendly, provides rich organic matters for agricultural production, belongs to the field of waste utilization, is a recycling economy, and is in the industry supported by the state.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the method for producing the microbial agent by using the edible oil organic carbon filter cake comprises the steps of raw material treatment and microbial agent preparation, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of microbial agent with fermentation function: fermenting one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus oryzae separately, mixing according to mass ratio to obtain zymocyte agent, pulverizing to effective viable count of 5 × 1010More than one per gram;
(2) fermentation of the organic carbon filter cake: adding a microbial fermentation inoculum to the edible oil organic carbon filter cake subjected to secondary squeezing for fermentation before the temperature is reduced, and converting the edible oil organic carbon filter cake into high-activity organic carbon; in the fermentation process, the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the organic carbon filter cake is 0.5-5 ‰: 1; keeping the water content of the materials below 20%, and fermenting for 1-4 days;
(3) preparation of the microbial agent: and (3) cooling the treated edible oil organic carbon filter cake obtained in the step (2) to normal temperature, reducing the water content to be less than 18%, adding the microbial inoculum treated in the step (1) in a proportion of 0.5-20%, adjusting the pH to 5.5-8.5, and crushing to obtain the finished microbial inoculum.
The organic carbon filter cake of the edible oil is fermented, and the oil residue is directly fertilized if not treated, because the carbohydrate in the oil residue is too much and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high, a large amount of nitrogen elements in the soil are contended for and used for breeding microorganisms during fermentation in the soil, so that the available nitrogen elements for plants are lacked, and the side effects of small plant root seedlings, weak strength, weak resistance, easy diseases, small yield, low fruiting rate and the like are caused.
When the temperature is not reduced after the secondary pressing, the microbial inoculum is directly added, so that the fermentation process is accelerated, and the fermentation time is shortened;
after the edible oil organic carbon filter cake is fermented, the content of soluble organic carbon is very high, which shows that the content of active organic carbon in the raw material is high and the raw material can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops; and simultaneously, the adsorbent is a good adsorption material for microbial inoculum.
After the fermentation is completed, the temperature of the oil residue raw material is reduced to normal temperature, the water content is volatilized partially, the content is reduced to be within 18 percent, compared with the prior art that the raw material is easy to agglomerate, the raw material is not agglomerated, and the product quality is improved.
The protease and cellulase in the saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae can promote the decomposition of organic raw materials, increase the utilization rate of the raw materials and improve the decomposition effect.
Preferably, the Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) is Bacillus subtilis LVLE14, is a strain mentioned in CN107779413A, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 12639.
According to the method for producing the microbial inoculum by using the organic carbon filter cake of the edible oil, the fermentation time is preferably 2 to 3 days.
According to the method for producing the microbial inoculum by using the edible oil organic carbon filter cake, the edible oil organic carbon filter cake is preferably waste argil, waste attapulgite clay or perlite after edible oil decoloration and is subjected to secondary pressing, wherein the oil content is 1-6%.
According to the method for producing the microbial inoculum by using the organic carbon filter cake of the edible oil, the edible oil is preferably corn oil, soybean oil, palm oil or rapeseed oil.
According to the method for producing the microbial agent by using the organic carbon filter cake of the edible oil, the microbial agent is preferably directly added when the temperature is maintained at 30-80 ℃ after the secondary pressing.
Further, the microbial agent is directly added while the temperature is maintained at 30-60 ℃ after the secondary pressing.
The obtained product can be directly used as a microbial inoculum and is mixed with other organic raw materials to form the organic fertilizer. Can also be directly used as a biological organic fertilizer.
Therefore, the invention also provides a method for producing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the edible oil organic carbon filter cake, which comprises the steps of processing raw materials and preparing the microbial inoculum, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of microbial agent with fermentation function: fermenting one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus oryzae separately, mixing according to mass ratio to obtain zymocyte agent, pulverizing to effective viable count of 5 × 1010More than one per gram;
(2) fermentation of the organic carbon filter cake: adding a microbial fermentation inoculum to the edible oil organic carbon filter cake subjected to secondary squeezing for fermentation before the temperature is reduced, and converting the edible oil organic carbon filter cake into high-activity organic carbon; in the fermentation process, the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the organic carbon filter cake is 0.5-5 ‰: 1; keeping the water content of the materials below 20%, and fermenting for 1-4 days;
(3) preparing a biological organic fertilizer: and (3) cooling the treated edible oil organic carbon filter cake obtained in the step (2) to normal temperature, reducing the water content to be less than 18%, adding 0.5-5 per mill of microbial inoculum treated in the step (1), adjusting the pH to 5.5-8.5, and crushing to obtain the finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer.
When formulated with three microorganisms, it is preferred that bacillus subtilis: and (3) saccharomyces cerevisiae: aspergillus oryzae 5-10:1-5: 1-3.
The microorganisms are in a spore state, are oil-resistant and high-temperature-resistant.
According to the method for producing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the filter cake of the organic carbon in the edible oil, the fermentation time is preferably 2-3 days.
According to the method for producing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the edible oil organic carbon filter cake, preferably, the edible oil organic carbon filter cake is waste argil, waste attapulgite clay or perlite after edible oil decoloration and secondary pressing, wherein the oil content is 1-6%.
According to the method for producing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the organic carbon filter cake of the edible oil, the edible oil is preferably corn oil, soybean oil, palm oil or rapeseed oil.
According to the method for producing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the edible oil organic carbon filter cake, the microbial agent is preferably directly added when the temperature is maintained at 30-80 ℃ after the secondary pressing.
Further, the microbial agent is directly added while the temperature is maintained at 30-60 ℃ after the secondary pressing.
Preferably, the microbial inoculum in the step (1) is a high-bacterial-count powder microbial inoculum prepared by singly fermenting Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and centrifuging fermentation liquor, and the effective viable count can reach more than 1000 hundred million/g.
Further, the Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) is Bacillus subtilis LVLE14, is a strain mentioned in CN107779413A, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 12639.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. organic raw materials are decomposed and converted into high-activity organic carbon, the high-activity organic carbon can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops after being applied to soil, and nitrogen elements in the soil are not consumed to propagate microorganisms, so that the product effect is influenced;
2. the technology is safe and environment-friendly, organic carbon filter cakes generated in the production of edible oil are used as organic raw materials, the hidden danger that the pollution is caused by the direct discharge of the organic carbon filter cakes is eliminated, the treatment is thorough, zero pollution is discharged, the ecological environment is protected, and the cost is low.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparing a compound microbial agent: mixing three strains of Bacillus subtilis LVLE14, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae at a ratio of 10:2:2, and mixing to obtain composite microbial agent with effective viable count of 6.5 × 1010Per gram; saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae were purchased from Angel Yeast Inc. and Kaishiki Biotech Inc.
Adding 2 per mill of composite microbial agent in mass ratio into the soybean oil organic carbon filter cake for fermentation for 4 days, cooling the temperature to normal temperature, wherein the water content is 17%, and the content proportion of soluble organic carbon is more than 80%;
and then adding 3 per mill of composite microbial inoculum into the carbon filter cake raw material of the soybean oil machine, then adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 6.5, and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain the finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer.
Table 1: basic properties of soybean oil organic carbon filter cake
Table 2: detection result of bio-organic fertilizer
Example 2
Preparation of the microbial agent: the number of effective viable bacteria is 9.8 multiplied by 1010Adding 1.5 per mill of LVLE14 of Bacillus subtilis into palm oil organic carbon filter cake, fermenting for 4 days, cooling to room temperature, wherein the water content is 18%, and the content of soluble organic carbon is more than 83%.
And then adding 3 per mill of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum into the palm oil organic carbon filter cake raw material, then adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6.3, and then crushing to 80 meshes to obtain the finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer.
Example 3
Preparing a compound microbial agent: mixing three strains of Bacillus subtilis LVLE14, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae at a ratio of 7:2:1, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount of the mixed composite microbial agent is 6.8 × 1010Per gram; saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae were purchased from Angel Yeast Inc. and Kaishiki Biotech Inc.
Adding 1.8 per mill of composite microbial agent in mass ratio into the corn oil organic carbon filter cake for fermentation for 4 days, cooling the temperature to normal temperature, wherein the water content is 17.5%, and the soluble organic carbon content accounts for more than 85%;
then adding 8 per mill of composite microbial inoculum into the corn oil organic carbon filter cake raw material, then adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6.8, and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain the finished product of the composite microbial inoculum.
Example 4
Preparing a compound microbial agent: mixing three strains of Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae at a ratio of 7:2:2, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount of the mixed composite microbial agent is 6.6 × 1010Per gram; saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae were purchased from Angel Yeast Inc. and Kaishiki Biotech Inc.
Adding 3 per mill of compound microbial agent in mass ratio into the rapeseed oil organic carbon filter cake for fermentation for 3 days, cooling the temperature to normal temperature, wherein the water content is 18 percent, and the content proportion of soluble organic carbon is more than 75 percent;
and then adding 1.5 per mill of composite microbial inoculum into the rapeseed oil organic carbon filter cake raw material, then adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 6.5, and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain the finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer.
Experimental example 1
And (3) experimental design:
1. test site: the Xincun of Wanxiangzhen and the Huatou Zhenhai Qiaocun of Pudong in Shanghai;
2. test time: 3, last ten days of month-11 middle ten days of month in 2017;
3. the test biofertilizer was: is a biological organic fertilizer produced by Hailule biotechnology limited company and taking edible oil organic carbon filter cakes as raw materials, the used oil filter cakes are palm oil filter cakes, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108And/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the substrate is used for sterilizing the biological organic fertilizer.
4. Test work: hot pepper: the variety 'pepper 22' has the density of 3000 plants/mu;
5. and (3) experimental design:
three processes are set at each place, and the contents of each process are as follows:
and (3) treatment A: habitually applying fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer is 2000 kg/mu, and the compound fertilizer is (15-15-15)50 kg/mu.
And (B) treatment: 200 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer matrix and 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15);
and C, treatment: 200 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15);
repeat for 3 times, the area of the cell is 0.03 mu, and the cells are randomly arranged in groups.
And (3) test results:
1. effect of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits of crops
Through investigation of main agronomic characters in the pepper growth period, as can be seen from table 3, the agronomic characters of the pepper are obviously improved after the bio-organic fertilizer is applied, the plant height of the two areas is increased by 5-7cm compared with the plant height of the conventional fertilizer application treatment, the main root length is increased by 2-5cm, the fresh root weight is increased by 1-2g, the plant height is increased by 7cm compared with the plant height of the bio-fertilizer matrix treatment, the main root length is increased by 4-8cm, and the fresh root weight is increased by 3-4g, which shows that beneficial microorganisms in the bio-organic fertilizer have obvious improvement effect on the agronomic characters of the pepper, the bio-organic fertilizer can comprehensively provide nutrients required by the pepper growth, so that pepper plants are more robust.
Table 3: influence of different treatments on agronomic traits of capsicum
2. Effect of different fertilization treatments on crop yield
As can be seen from the results of the measurements of the pepper in Table 4: compared with the substrate of the biological fertilizer, the yield of the new test point is increased by 14.6 percent; the yield of the test point of the sea bridge is increased by 14.1 percent, and both places reach extremely obvious levels, which shows that beneficial microorganisms in the microbial fertilizer have obvious fertilizer effect on the hot pepper. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the biological fertilizer treatment increases the yield by 10.9 percent and 13.0 percent respectively at two test points, and achieves the level of remarkable yield increase.
Table 4: effect of different treatments on Pepper yield
Experimental example 2
And (3) experimental design:
the test of the fresh waxy corn is repeated by three treatments, and the specific conditions of each treatment are as follows:
and (3) treatment A: habitually fertilizing;
and (B) treatment: habitual fertilization +10 kg microbial inoculum matrix/mu;
and C, treatment: habitual fertilization +10 kg of microbial inoculum/mu.
The area of the cell is 0.03 mu, and the cell is repeatedly arranged for three times and randomly arranged in blocks.
The fresh waxy corn test is arranged in the New Yongzhou New Ancun and the Daoyingzhen Daoyoucun in the New Pudong area.
Waxy corn, variety: shanyunuo No. 2, 3500 strain/mu.
Fertilizer to be tested: the compound microbial agent used in the test is provided by Shanghai Lvlule biotechnology limited, and the effective viable count contained in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108Per gram; the microbial agent is used as a substrate after being sterilized by moist heat.
The waxy corn is sowed after being dressed with the microbial agent.
The habitual fertilization is carried out according to 250 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 35 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), and the additional fertilization is carried out according to the habitual fertilization.
And (3) test results:
1. analysis of biological traits and yield Structure in maize (see Table 5)
As can be seen from Table 5, the highest of the habitually fertilized waxy maize plants was 243.55cm, which was 1.7cm and 7.3cm higher than the microbial inoculum and the substrate treatment, respectively, but the stem thickness was opposite, and the microbial inoculum treatment was 3.85cm, which was 0.35cm higher than the habitually fertilized one, and 0.15cm higher than the substrate treatment. There was essentially no difference in the number of rows of ears between treatments.
From the corn yield structure, under the condition that each plant is provided with one ear, the average single ear weight of the biological agent applied on the basis of habitual fertilization can reach 194.97 g, 15.34 g is increased compared with that of habitual treatment, and the increase is 8.5%; the increase is 14.13 g compared with the substrate treatment, and the amplification is 7.8%.
Therefore, the stem thickness is increased by applying the compound microbial agent on the basis of habitual fertilization, the plant height can be reduced, the excessive growth of the waxy corns is prevented, and the single ear weight of the waxy corns is increased. The difference between the agricultural indexes of the substrate application treatment and the conventional fertilization is not great on the basis of the conventional fertilization, which shows that the viable microorganism bacteria in the biological agent have certain fertilizer effect and certain yield increase effect.
Table 5: effect of different treatments on waxy maize growth and yield architecture
4. Analysis of the yield of fresh waxy corn (see tables 6 and 7)
The yield is measured by single sampling and single harvesting of each corn cell, the significance of the yield data is checked by a new repolarization method, and the results can be seen from tables 6 and 7:
(1) the biological agent matrix is applied on the basis of the habitual fertilization, compared with the habitual fertilization, the waxy corn yield of the two test points is respectively increased by 0.3 percent and 1.0 percent, the difference is not large, and the significant level is not achieved;
(2) compared with the waxy corn treated by the conventional fertilization, the waxy corn treated by the biological agent on the basis of the conventional fertilization increases the yield by 52.5 kilograms and 54.9 kilograms respectively per mu at two test points, the yield increase rate is 8.3 percent and 8.8 percent respectively, and the yield increase effect reaches an extremely obvious level. Compared with the matrix treatment, the yield of the waxy corn using the biological agent is increased by 50.5 kg and 48.4 kg respectively, the amplification is 8.0 percent and 7.6 percent respectively, and both the two test points achieve extremely remarkable levels.
Table 6: yield results of new Ancun waxy corn by different treatments
Table 7: yield results of different treatments of Yunfeng waxy corn
Claims (3)
1. A method for producing a bio-organic fertilizer by using an edible oil organic carbon filter cake comprises the steps of processing raw materials and preparing a microbial inoculum, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of microbial agent with fermentation function: fermenting Bacillus subtilis LVLE14 with preservation number of CGMCC No.12639, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae separately, mixing according to mass ratio to obtain fermentation inoculum, pulverizing to obtain fermented product with effective viable count of 5 × 1010More than one per gram;
(2) fermentation of the organic carbon filter cake: adding a microbial fermentation agent into the edible oil organic carbon filter cake subjected to secondary pressing for fermentation before the temperature is reduced, and directly adding the microbial fermentation agent when the temperature is maintained at 30-80 ℃ after the secondary pressing to convert the edible oil organic carbon filter cake into high-activity organic carbon; in the fermentation process, the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the organic carbon filter cake is 0.5-5 ‰: 1; keeping the water content of the materials below 20%, and fermenting for 1-4 days; the edible oil organic carbon filter cake is waste argil, waste attapulgite clay or perlite after edible oil decoloration and secondary pressing, wherein the oil content is 1-6%;
(3) preparing a biological organic fertilizer: and (3) cooling the treated edible oil organic carbon filter cake obtained in the step (2) to normal temperature, reducing the water content to be less than 18%, adding 0.5-5 per mill of microbial inoculum treated in the step (1), adjusting the pH to 5.5-8.5, and crushing to obtain the finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer.
2. The method for producing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the filter cake of the organic carbon in the edible oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation time is 2-3 days.
3. The method for producing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the filter cake of the organic carbon in the edible oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the edible oil is corn oil, soybean oil, palm oil and rapeseed oil.
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| CN111825506B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-10-21 | 上海绿乐生物科技有限公司 | Special fertilizer for improving ecological environment of rice soil and application method thereof |
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| CN106365770A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-02-01 | 王延梅 | Organic active fertilizer with soil improving effect, and production method thereof |
| CN106977305A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-07-25 | 上海鲲鹏环保科技有限公司 | Multifunctional biological fertilizer and its application based on spent bleaching clay |
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