CN114342885B - Breeding method of male bees for bee breeding - Google Patents
Breeding method of male bees for bee breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342885B CN114342885B CN202210197885.3A CN202210197885A CN114342885B CN 114342885 B CN114342885 B CN 114342885B CN 202210197885 A CN202210197885 A CN 202210197885A CN 114342885 B CN114342885 B CN 114342885B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of drone breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a drone for breeding bees, which aims at the problems that the health condition of the drone is general and the sperm quality is general in the prior art; the problem that the recovery rate of sexually mature drone can not be guaranteed is that the following scheme is proposed, which comprises the following steps: s1: building a bee cage of the drone; s2: selecting breeding varieties of the drone; s3: establishing a drone breeding group; s4: feeding drone; s5: stocking the drone; s6: observing the sexual maturity period of the drone; s7: and (5) breeding the drone. In the invention, a large amount of feed is needed for the male bee colony, the honeybees and the pollen spleens are put into the male bee breeding colony together, and the male bees are taken out of the house for intensive feeding, so that the male bees are fully nutritious, and the sperm quality is improved; can be fed in bee cages, and ensures the recovery rate of sexually mature drone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drone breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a drone.
Background
The variety of bees has a significant impact on both the quality and yield of the bee product. However, the problems of bee variety degradation, low yield of bee products, poor quality and the like are always puzzled to bee farmers due to the prolonged breeding time and the inexorable long-term development of breeding work. Therefore, the bee breeding has great significance for promoting the development of the bee breeding industry in China. Bee breeding is an important foundation for the development of the bee industry.
In the breeding work, the drone plays an important role. The males represent paternal inheritance, the number and quality of the males mating with the queen have a significant influence on the characteristics of the colony, while the quality of the queen itself is also to a large extent dependent on the number and quality of the males mating therewith. After the queen bee is mated and mated in a short time, 500-700 million sperms must be filled in the germ cell of the queen bee to meet the requirement of producing germ cells in the life. If the number of males is small or the weather conditions are poor, the queen bee cannot be fertilized sufficiently, and the queen bee which has spawned but is fertilized insufficiently is often replaced earlier by a worker bee. The quality of the drone relates to whether the queen bee fertilization can be successful at one time and whether the drone can stand in a bee colony. Therefore, the drone plays an important role in queen bee fertilization and bee breeding.
Drone has an important position in bee breeding. The drone in the swarm is the same as the queen bee, and is the main hereditary and direct transmitter of the swarm. The genetic characteristics and beneficial economic traits of the bee queen bee have the same important status as those of the bee queen bee in the influence on the offspring. Whether the queen bees mate naturally or the queen bees are fertilized artificially, a large number of high-quality drone bees cannot be left, and the numerous drone bees are important conditions for ensuring that the queen bees complete mating smoothly and have female-male selection.
Selecting high-quality bee colony (father colony) specially used for breeding male bees, and breeding a large number of male bees, so that the queen bee can be mated with the high-quality and age-adapted male bees. And can also advance or prolong the queen breeding period.
Drone genetically occupies half of the genetic material. The eugenic of queen bee must be added with the eugenic of drone to ensure the eugenic of bee and bee species. The drone has rich honey powder source, is suitable for the season of swarming, and is subjected to excellent treatment by worker bees, which is the requirement of biological evolution. Because the influence of the quality of the male bee character on the offspring is the same as that of the Virgo. Therefore, the breeding of high-quality male bees has great significance for improving the production performance of offspring colonies.
The defect that drone was cultivated among the prior art lies in: the drone is not emphasized, people usually only emphasize the breeding of queen bees and neglects the importance of the drone breeding; the male bees bred in large quantity are not fed in a key way after leaving the hive, and because the male bees are cared for by the bushy bees which are heavy in the work load of feeding bees (feeding queens and larvae), the male bees are not fully nourished, the health condition is general, and the sperm quality is general; the range of activity of the drone is large in the natural state, the drone is not limited to a certain bee colony and a bee field, and the recovery rate of the sexually mature drone cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the health condition of drone is general, and the quality of sperm is general; the recovery rate of the sexually mature male bees cannot be guaranteed, and the breeding method of the male bees for bee breeding is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the breeding method of the male bees for bee breeding comprises the following steps:
s1: building a bee cage of the drone;
s2: selecting breeding varieties of the drone;
s3: establishing a drone breeding group;
s4: feeding drone;
s5: stocking the drone;
s6: observing the sexual maturity period of the drone;
s7: and (5) breeding the drone.
Preferably, in S1, a beehive is selected, and the size of the beehive is: length: 0.3-0.4m, width: 0.3-0.5m, high: 0.4-0.5m, 4-5 bee cages are placed in each beehive, the number of the males of each bee cage is 70-100, two hooks, a grid mesh, a male bee inlet and a plurality of fasteners are arranged on each bee cage, and the fasteners are used for installing the grid mesh on the bee cage;
compared with the prior art: the bee cage top has the couple, can hang on the frame, and the bee cage size is suitable (worker bee can freely come in and go out the male bee of feeding, and the individual unable bee cage of following of male bee escapes greatly), and 3 bee cages can be hung to every frame, can guarantee to bear more male bees. The bee cage hangs on the frame, can directly put into the bee case, hangs the design, and both accessible of both sides bars net worker bee feeds and eats for the drone, guarantees drone nutrition supply. A drone can only be put into to drone entry size, makes it hardly reverse crawl out, guarantees the high-efficient drone of collecting, and the back is all adorned, and the entry is filled up with the beeswax, and drone can't climb out the bee cage. The frame of the bee cage is made of wood, the grid mesh is made of high polymer material, and the bee cage is non-toxic and tasteless and does not influence the normal behavior of bees.
Preferably, in S2, a father group with a specific character is selected, a queen controller is used to control a queen to lay eggs on a designated male bee spleen, and the egg spleen is transferred to a male bee breeding group after 23 days.
Preferably, in S3, the drone breeding group is constructed, the bee colony has no queen, the bee colony is stabilized by using a cotton swab absorbed with queen pheromone, the queen pheromone is a mixture of trans-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid and trans-9-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid and is replaced every 4 to 5 days, and the drone breeding group further comprises one pollen spleen and one honey spleen respectively and two daughter spleens exiting from the hive, and is replaced every 4 to 5 days.
Compared with the prior art: according to the biological characteristics of bees, sufficient grain supply is guaranteed in bee colonies by utilizing the activity characteristics of the bees, and the pollen spleens and the honey spleens are respectively one. Two son spleens (updated every five days) which are going out of the hive ensure that the number of feeding bees in a swarm is sufficient, the swarm has no queen, the swarm is stabilized by using cotton swabs adsorbed with queen pheromone, no queen exists in the swarm, no larva needs to be fed, a worker bee has sufficient energy to feed a drone and has the cotton swabs with the queen pheromone, the false image of the queen in the swarm is made, the swarm can be stabilized, and the worker bee can normally work.
Preferably, in S4, the drone larva before 3 days old mainly takes royal jelly as food, after 3 days old mainly takes honey and royal jelly mixture as food, and takes honey and bee pollen as food after leaving the house;
compared with the prior art: the drone is large in size and high in food consumption, enough honey and pollen need to be reserved in a bee colony, so that the worker bees can actively feed the drone and the nutrition supply of the drone is guaranteed; the drone is short in kiss, cannot feed by itself in most of time, and depends on feeding of nursing worker bees, so that the number of nursing bees is very important for a drone breeding group, and the number of nursing bees in the drone group needs to be ensured;
according to the living characteristics of bees and the application of bee colony resources, optimized utilization of bee colony resources is carried out according to experimental requirements, a large amount of feed is needed by a male bee colony, a honey comb and a pollen comb are placed into the male bee breeding colony together to reduce labor of worker bees, a large amount of feeding bees are needed for feeding the male bees, a son comb which is going out of a house is placed into the breeding colony and is updated every 4-5 days, and it is ensured that a sufficient number of worker bees feed the male bees.
Preferably, in S5, the drone is put into the bee cage through the drone entrance after leaving the house, only one drone can be put into each time, the drone is difficult to climb out reversely, and after all the drone is completely filled, the drone is plugged with beeswax.
Preferably, in S6, 15-18 days after the male bees are discharged from the house, sexual maturity of the male bees is achieved, the sunny temperature is selected to be suitable for 30-35 ℃, the bee cage is taken down and placed into a flying box, 30-35 male bees are released each time after a nail button is opened, (the excitement state of the male bees is guaranteed), the male bees are enabled to test fly and defecate in the box, the infrared lamp is used for irradiating and supplementing heat, the sperm taking operation can be carried out after 5-10 minutes, the redundant male bees are placed into the bee cage again and placed back into the bee box, and the male bees can be used the next day through rest and supplement of feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention utilizes the activity characteristics of bees according to the biological characteristics of the bees, ensures sufficient grain supply in bee colonies, and has one pollen spleen and one honey spleen respectively. Two spleens which are coming out of the house (updated every five days) ensure that the number of feeding bees in the bee colony is sufficient. This bee colony does not have the queen bee, utilizes the cotton swab that adsorbs to have the queen bee pheromone to stabilize the bee colony, does not have the queen bee in the bee colony, can not have the larva to need feed, and worker's bee has sufficient energy to feed drone, has the cotton swab of queen bee pheromone, makes the false image of queen bee in the bee colony, can stabilize the bee colony, lets worker's bee normally work.
According to the invention, the optimized utilization of bee colony resources is carried out according to the living characteristics of bees and the application of the bee colony resources, the male bee colony needs a large amount of feed, the honey spleens and the pollen spleens are placed into the male bee breeding colony together, so that the labor of worker bees is reduced, a large amount of feeding bees are needed for feeding the male bees, the brood spleens which are going out of the house are placed into the breeding colony, and the feeding is carried out every 5 days, so that the sufficient number of worker bees are ensured to be fed.
The worker bees judge whether the queen bees are in the bee colony or not by identifying the queen bee pheromone. The cotton swab absorbed with queen bee pheromone (mixture of trans-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid and trans-9-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid) is placed into a bee colony, worker bees can recognize the cotton swab, the worker bees can think that queen bee exists in the bee colony, and the bee colony is not unstable due to the fact that the bee colony does not have the queen bee.
The convenient design of the bee cage of the invention: bee cage top has the couple, can hang on the frame, and bee cage size is suitable (worker bee can freely come in and go out the male bee of feeding, and the individual unable bee cage of following of male bee escapes greatly), and 3 bee cages can be hung to every frame, can guarantee to bear more male bees. The bee cage hangs on the frame, can directly put into the bee case, hangs the design, and both accessible of both sides bars net worker bee feeds and eats for the drone, guarantees drone nutrition supply. A drone can only be put into to drone entry size, makes it hardly reverse crawl out, guarantees the high-efficient drone of collecting, and the back is all adorned, and the entry is filled up with the beeswax, and drone can't climb out the bee cage. The bee cage frame is made of wood materials, the grid mesh is made of high polymer materials, and the bee cage frame is non-toxic and tasteless and does not influence the normal behavior of bees.
The invention carries out the key feeding for the drone when the drone leaves the house, ensures the drone to have sufficient nutrition and improves the sperm quality; can be fed in bee cages, and ensures the recovery rate of sexually mature drone.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a breeding method for breeding male bees according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bee cage of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the breeding method of male bees for bee breeding comprises the following steps:
s1: the bee cage of drone is built, selects the beehive, and the both sides of beehive are rotated and are set up the case lid, and the size of beehive is: length: 0.41m, wide: 0.51m, high: 0.26m, 4-5 bee cages are placed in each beehive, the width of the grid mesh of each bee cage is 0.42cm, the maximum bearing quantity of the males of each bee cage is 100, two hooks, the grid mesh, the males entrance and a plurality of cramps are arranged on the bee cage, and the cramps are used for installing the grid mesh on the bee cage;
s2: selecting breeding varieties of the male bees, selecting a father group with specific characteristics, controlling a queen bee to lay eggs on a designated male honeycomb by using a queen bee limiter, and transferring the egg spleen to the breeding group of the male bees after 23 days;
s3: establishing a drone breeding group, wherein the drone breeding group is established, the bee group does not have a queen, the bee group is stabilized by using cotton swabs absorbed with queen pheromone, the queen pheromone is a mixture of trans-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid and trans-9-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid and is replaced every 4 days, and the drone breeding group also comprises a pollen spleen and a honey spleen respectively and two daughter spleens which are coming out of the house and are replaced every 4 days;
s4: feeding drone, wherein the drone larva mainly takes royal jelly before 3 days of age, mainly takes honey and royal jelly mixture as food after 3 days of age, and takes honey and bee pollen as food after leaving a house: the drone is large in size and high in food consumption, enough honey and pollen reserve in a bee colony is guaranteed, so that worker bees can actively feed the drone and guarantee the nutrition supply of the drone, the drone is short in kiss and cannot feed in most of time, and feeding of nursing worker bees is relied on, so that the number of nursing bees is critical to the drone breeding colony and the number of the nursing bees in the bee colony needs to be guaranteed;
s5: breeding the male bees, namely putting the male bees into a bee cage after the male bees are discharged from a house, putting the male bees into the bee cage through a male bee inlet, only one male bee can be put in each time, the male bees hardly climb out reversely, and after all the male bees are put in the bee cage, the bee bees are plugged by beewax;
s6: observing the sexual maturity period of the drone, wherein the drone reaches sexual maturity 15 days after the drone is delivered, selecting a sunny temperature of 30 ℃ appropriately, taking down the drone cage, placing the drone cage into a flight box, opening a nail buckle to release 30 drone every time, (ensuring the excitability state of the drone), enabling the drone to try to fly in the box for defecation, irradiating the drone by an infrared lamp to supplement heat, performing semen taking operation after 5 minutes, reloading redundant drone into the drone cage, returning the drone cage, and using the drone for rest and supplement of forage grains the next day.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The breeding method of the male bees for bee breeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: building a bee cage of the drone;
s2: selecting a drone breeding variety;
s3: establishing a drone breeding group;
s4: feeding drone;
s5: stocking the drone;
s6: observing the sexual maturity period of the drone;
s7: breeding the drone;
in the S1, two hooks, a grid mesh, a drone entrance and a plurality of fasteners are arranged on the bee cage, and the fasteners are used for installing the grid mesh on the bee cage;
in the S3, establishing a drone breeding swarm, wherein the swarm does not have a queen bee, and is stabilized by using swabs adsorbed with queen bee pheromone, and the queen bee pheromone is a mixture of trans-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid and trans-9-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid and is replaced every 4 to 5 days; the drone breeding colony also comprises one pollen spleen and one honey spleen respectively and two brood spleens which are coming out of the hive, and the brood spleens are replaced every 4 to 5 days to ensure that the food of the bee colony is sufficient;
in the S5, the drone is put into the bee cage through the drone inlet after being taken out of the house, only one drone can be put in each time, the drone is difficult to climb out reversely, and after all the drone is put in the bee cage, the drone is filled with beewax;
in S6, male bees reach sexual maturity 15-18 days after the male bees leave the house, the sunny temperature is selected to be suitable for 30-35 ℃, the bee cages are taken down and placed into the flight box, 30-35 male bees are released each time by opening the nail buttons, the male bees are enabled to test the flight and defecating in the box, the infrared lamp is used for irradiating and supplementing heat, the sperm taking operation can be carried out after 5-10 minutes, the redundant male bees are placed into the bee cages again and placed back into the bee box, and the bee cages can be used the next day through rest and supplement of feed.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, a beehive is selected, the size of the beehive being: length: 0.3-0.4m, width: 0.3-0.5m, high: 0.4-0.5m.
3. A breeding method of male bees for bee breeding according to claim 1, wherein in S1, 4-5 bee cages are placed in each beehive, the width of the grid mesh of each bee cage is 0.42cm, and the number of the male bees in each bee cage is 70-100.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, a father group with specific characteristics is selected, a queen controller is used to control a queen to lay eggs on a designated male spleen, and the egg spleen is transferred to the male bee breeding group after 23 days.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the drone larva at 3 days before feeding is fed with royal jelly, at 3 days after feeding is fed with a mixture of honey and royal jelly, and at 3 days after leaving the house, is fed with honey and bee pollen.
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