CN112970677B - Method for increasing bee colony cardinality by utilizing seedless breeding - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the cardinality of bee colonies by utilizing seedless breeding, which comprises the steps of new queen bee cultivation, honeycomb preparation and new bee colony separation; before 10 days after the larvae are transferred and queen is bred, a hive of the bees in the whole field is divided into a queen area and a queen-free area by a vertical queen-separating grid, only 1 egg larva spleen is reserved in each bee colony and placed in the queen area, and a sealing cover spleen cannot be arranged in each bee nest; if no egg spleens exist in the bee colony, 1 empty spleen is reserved and placed in a queen area, and the rest honeycombs are withdrawn from the colony; taking out the son spleens with the king area from the group for the second time 4-5 days after the first son spleen withdrawal; starting on the 6 th day after the secondary withdrawal of the brood comb, starting the brood comb added with the feed for each bee colony; separating new bee colony means that any queen in the nest box or the relay box is grabbed out of the colony in 9 months and 9 months, the nests and the relay box are merged in 10 days and the closed queen stops laying eggs to prepare colony separation. The invention can increase the number of bee colony by 46-50%, the overwintering bee colony has 6 frames of strong colony, and the constitution is healthy, and the death rate is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bee keeping, and relates to a method for improving the radix of a bee colony by utilizing seedless breeding.
Background
In recent years, the bee breeding method is influenced by adverse factors such as global warming, climate abnormality, reduction of honey powder sources, pesticide poisoning, environmental pollution, diseases and the like, particularly bee mites are infected too heavily, bees are more and more difficult to breed, numerous bee keepers breed bees (overwintering bees) and die unlearedly every year, bee colonies of light persons (overwintering bees) are weakened, the number of bees is reduced, and bee colonies of heavy persons die all over the field. In order to continue the bee-keeping production, many bee-keepers have to consume a lot of funds to purchase bees for supplement or reinforcement so as to achieve the scale of bee colony production, form vicious circle of buying bees in spring and avoiding bees during overwintering, seriously restrict the development of bee-keeping industry, and urgently need to explore a scientific breeding method in order to break the bottleneck encountered by the traditional breeding method, breed healthy and strong overwintering bees and achieve the purpose of high yield of bee products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the radix of a bee colony by utilizing seedless breeding, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and the method changes the defects of conventional overwintering bee breeding and expands healthy and strong bee colonies by cultivating a new queen bee in the middle and last ten days of 7 months to 8 months, preparing a bee nest, withdrawing all broods in the initial breeding period and restarting the breeding of the bee colony (overwintering bee) on the premise of no seed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving bee colony cardinality by utilizing seedless breeding, which comprises the steps of breeding a new bee queen, preparing a honeycomb and separating a new bee colony, wherein the honeycomb preparation is completed before the 10 th day after the bee is transferred and the queen is bred, 8 days can not be exceeded at the latest in 8 months, the honeycomb preparation completion comprises the steps of completing the first son withdrawing spleen and the second son withdrawing spleen:
the first son withdrawing spleens are formed by dividing a hive of the whole field of bees into a queen area and a queen-free area by using a vertical queen-separating grid, only 1 ovum spleens are reserved in the queen area of each bee colony, and son spleens which cannot be covered in a honeycomb can not be arranged; if no egg spleens exist in the bee colony, 1 empty spleen is reserved and placed in a queen area, and the rest honeycombs are completely withdrawn out of the colony; meanwhile, the honeycomb is arranged according to the following principle: 4 honeycombs are placed in queen-free areas in the swarm of the swarm vigor over 6 frames of bees; more than 8 bees are stacked on the nest box to form an empty super box, and the bee nest is covered with the empty super box、A plane queen-separating grid is added between the super boxes; 3-5 frame bee, 2 honeycombs are placed in the original bee colony without queen area, and the bees and bees in the original colony are retainedKing; small groups of less than 3 boxes were merged.
And (4) on day 4-5 after the first son spleen withdrawing, withdrawing the son spleens with the queen area out of the colony for the second time, putting the queen bees into the queen-free area to start spawning, and removing the vertical queen bee barriers and the plane queen bee barriers.
For bee colony of 3-5 frames bee, starting on day 6 after the completion of the secondary withdrawal of the brood comb, and starting on day 12 after the completion of the secondary withdrawal of the brood colony of more than 6 frames bee, each bee colony starts to add the honeycomb with feed, and the feeding is stopped every 3 days until the bees are matched with the honeycomb.
The new bee colony separation means that any queen in a hive or a super hive is grabbed out of the colony for storage for later use from 9 months to 9 days, the number of the standby queen is not less than 1/2 of the number of the whole colony, the bee colonies are merged from 10 months to 9 days, and the queen closed by a queen cage stops laying eggs to prepare colony division.
Preferably, the nests removed from the herd in S1 include ova, worms, pupa, feed and redundant empty nests of worker and drone.
Preferably, the breeding of the new queen bee comprises the following steps:
1) selecting 12 frames of bee colony tissue queen bee colonies in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, arranging bee nests, transferring insects and breeding queen bees, wherein the number of queen bee breeding platforms is greater than 1/2 of the number of the bee colonies in the whole field;
2) on the 10 th day after the larvae are transferred and queen, selecting bee colonies with the number of more than 7 frames of bees and the number of 1/2 bee colonies with the number of more than the number of the whole bee colonies, placing a super on a nest box, separating the nest box and the super by a gauze cover and a covering cloth, and opening a back door of the super; taking out a honeycomb with a frame of podocytes from the nest box, putting the podocytes into a super, adding a feed spleen to organize a queen-free group, extracting a queen platform from a queen-breeding group the next day, guiding the queen platform into the honeycomb of the super, removing a vertical queen-separating grid and a plane queen-separating grid from the queen-breeding group, and recovering normal management;
3) after the new queen bee spawns the oviposited insects, removing the covering cloth on the gauze cover between the nest and the super and ventilating, mutually exchanging the son spleens of the nest and the super honeycomb, and adjusting once every 4 days; and (3) for individual abnormal new queen bees or queen losing bee colonies in the hive, removing queen bees, removing the yarn cover and the covering cloth between the hive and the hive, and combining the hive and the hive.
Preferably, the queen bee cultivation in 1) adopts the following method: if the honeycomb is not removed and the honeycomb is prepared, laying the egg spleen, the worm spleen and the pupa spleen in a nest box, wherein 5 son spleens are arranged in the nest box, 6 son spleens are arranged in a super box, and the rest non-son spleens are removed out of the group; a plane queen bee barrier is arranged between a nest and a super, queen bees are arranged in the nest, and a queen bee breeding frame is arranged between two combs in a queen-free area of the super.
If the preparation of the honeycomb with the son removed is finished, a vertical queen bee barrier is used for dividing the honeycomb box into two areas, wherein one area is a queen bee oviposition area, and 4 honeycombs with feed are placed for the queen bee to oviposit; the other area is a queen-free area, two feed spleens are placed, a queen-breeding frame is placed between the two spleens, an empty super is superposed on a nest box, and a plane queen-separating grid is added between the nest box and the super.
Preferably, the separating of the new bee colony specifically comprises the following steps: grabbing any queen bee out of the hive or the super hive honeycomb for storage for later use, removing the yarn cover between the hive and the super hive, combining the hive and the super hive honeycomb to become a single queen bee group, leading the queen bee to be confined and controlled to produce by a queen bee cage, adjusting and keeping more than or equal to 6 brood combs in all the queen bees in the hive, keeping the number of the queen bee slightly more than that of the combs and supplementing the queen bee with deficiency, inducing the queen bee extracted and stored into a queen bee group without the combs, and combining the queen bee group with a new overwintering bee group.
Preferably, the full colony operation is completed within 2 days per withdrawal of the spleens as per S1. Further, honeycomb preparation was completed before 8 months 8; the new queen bee is bred to ensure that it lays eggs 20 months before 8 months.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1) by utilizing the method for improving the basal number of the bee colony through the seedless breeding in the initial breeding period, the brood combs in the bee colony are withdrawn for two times, the bee mites living in the bee colony are eradicated through the first son withdrawing, most of the bee mites in the bee body are eliminated through the second son withdrawing, the parasitic rate of the bee mites in the bee colony is greatly reduced, the overwintering bees are bred at the safe parasitic rate of the bee mites, the method for withdrawing the bees and removing the mites is environment-friendly and special in effect, and the harm of the bee mites to the bees can be avoided.
2) Because the bee colony is seedless, the crisis of the seed interruption can promote the queen bee to lay eggs and the worker bees to feed the bee babies to be high in emotion.
3) The queen bee breeding method has the advantages that a small number of honeycombs are placed in a swarm to be bred, bees are highly dense, the burden is light, the feeding capacity is strong, not only are queen bees fed and cared sufficiently, the spawning enthusiasm of the queen bees promoted, the vigorous spawning capacity is kept, the egg quality is excellent, but also the queen bees are reduced in the honeycomb patrol time, and the spawning time of the queen bees is increased; in addition, bee larva can be nursed and controlled sufficiently and can develop well.
4) After the bred new queen bee lays eggs, the large-area pupa spleens which are just taken out of the original large colony are periodically withdrawn from the original large colony and exchanged with the newly-grouped egg worms spleens, so that the new grouped colony in the junction box is strengthened, the vigorous egg laying capacity of the new queen bee is exerted, and the feeding capacity of bees of the original bee colony in the hive is exerted; the overwintering bees with the proper age can lay 20-30 days of eggs on the new queen bee (about 30 days can be laid on the queen bee which begins to be cultivated in the middle 7 th month, about 20 days can be laid on the queen bee which begins to be cultivated in the last 7 th month), and the breeding advantages of the queen bee and the queen bee are brought into play, so that the bee colony can breed the strong bee colony with 11 son spleens.
5) After the overwintering bees finish breeding (ending in 9 months and 10 days), merging the nest and the relay box double queen colonies to form a single queen colony; all bee colonies in the bee field keep more than or equal to 6 son spleens, keep bees slightly more than the spleens and supplement the bees insufficiently, extract and store queen bees and induce into the allocated queen-free colonies to assemble into new overwintering bee colonies, so that the bee colony base number of the bee field can be increased by 46-50% and is strong; meanwhile, the queen bee controls the yield by the closure of the queen bee cage, thereby avoiding the useless labor of the overwintering bees for feeding the bees with the exudates and keeping healthy and young physique.
6) The method for improving the base number of the bee colony by using the seedless breeding in the initial breeding period has the advantages that the bee colony is bred again after the bee colony is completely seedless, the hidden danger of bee mite harm is eliminated, the spawning capacity of queen bees is enhanced, the bee feeding capacity of bees is enhanced, the number of fed bees is increased, each bee offspring can grow healthily, the service life of worker bees going out of a house is prolonged, the bred new queen bees participate in spawning breeding, the number of individual bred bees is increased, the breeding efficiency is improved, the colony vigor of the bee colony is larger than or equal to the colony vigor of the initial breeding when the overwintering bee breeding is finished, a certain number of bee colonies meeting the overwintering standard can be bred on the basis of keeping the base number of the original bee colony, the overwintering bee colony is suitable for age, the overwintering bee colony is safe, the overwintering death rate is low, and a good foundation is laid for the production of the bees in the next year.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Reagents or materials used in the following examples are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1a method for increasing the population cardinality by using seedless breeding, comprising the following steps:
a. in 24 days before 7 months, selecting a weather in which bees can fly, dividing a hive for containing the bees into a queen area and a queen-free area by a vertical queen-separating grid, only keeping 1 ova spleen in the queen area of each bee colony, selecting an empty spleen in the bee nest if no ova spleen exists, placing the empty spleen in the queen area, and withdrawing all the ova, the ova spleens, the closed pupa spleens and redundant honeycombs of the rest worker bees and the drone from the colony for treatment. Meanwhile, the honeycomb was arranged as follows: 4 honeycombs are placed in a queen-free area in an original bee colony with the colony vigor of more than 6 frames of bees, and are sequentially placed into a powder honeycomb, two light-color empty honeycombs and a large honey honeycomb with the colony vigor of more than 2.5 kg; bee colony of more than 8 frames of bees is superimposed on the hiveAA plane queen partition grid is arranged between the empty super, the nest and the super (for preventing queen bees in a queen area from entering a queen-free area through the super). The bee colony of 3-5 framed bees is formed by placing 2 honeycombs in the queen-free area of the original bee colony, wherein each of the honeycombs is about 0.5kg of small powder and about 1kg of honey. Keeping the original bee and queen bee. Small bee colony mergers below 3 boxes. This work was completed in 2 days with full field swarm operation.
In the scheme, 2 and 4 honeycombs are placed in a bee colony for allowing a queen to lay eggs, the honeycomb is relatively small, the patrolling range of the queen is reduced, the patrolling time of the queen can be saved, more time is left for safe egg laying, the 2 and 4 honeycombs are respectively and completely changed into the subpanels after 6 and 12 days, the queen can lay eggs everywhere, the honeycombs with feed are added, the queen can lay eggs immediately after the queen is fed with the feed, the queen can be fully laid after 3 days, and the honeycombs are added every 3 days, so that the queen can lay eggs sequentially one by one, the day age of the subpanels is ensured to be neat, the compactness is high, the feeding of the honeycombs is stopped until the honeycombs are symmetrical, and the number of overwintering honeycomb numbers is kept to the maximum.
The operation of removing the spleens of the whole bee colony is completed within 2 days, so that the spread of bee mites in the bee colony without removing the spleens to the bee colony with removing the spleens is avoided as much as possible, the difference of the propagation time of the bee colony in the whole bee colony is shortened as much as possible, and the management is convenient.
b. The empty nests outside the group are removed and placed in a sealed empty bee box or stored indoors for standby; placing the feed honeycomb with the honey powder in a freezer or a cold storage warehouse for low-temperature preservation; and (3) cutting off the house cover by using a thin quick cutter for the spleen with a cover closed, (the son spleen without the cover closed is not cut), exposing the eggs, the insects and the pupae on all the son spleens, putting the son spleens into a honey extractor for quick centrifugal separation, completely throwing the eggs, the insects and the pupae on two sides of each son spleens, then storing the good honeycombs in a burglar-proof bee and ventilated room for later use, and intensively destroying the paraffin in the bad honeycombs. The separated waste eggs, insects and pupae are concentrated in deep soil to be buried, and the honey extractor is cleaned and aired.
c. And (c) on the 4 th-5 th day after the first son spleen withdrawal (also before the 10 th day after the larva is transferred and the queen is raised), withdrawing the son spleens in the queen area out of the colony for the second time, treating according to the method b, simultaneously placing queen bees into the queen-free area to start spawning, and removing the vertical queen bee barrier and the plane queen bee barrier. Eggs laid by queen bees hatch into imagoes on the 4 th day, so that bee mites on bee bodies submerge into larvae of the bees or the spleens covered with the bees, the spleens are removed in two steps, the parasitic rate of the bee mites is remarkably reduced and is less than or equal to 1%, and under the normal condition, the bee mite parasitic rate is less than or equal to 3%, and the harm to bee colonies is very little.
d. For bee colonies of 3-5 frames of bees, starting on the 6 th day after the completion of the secondary brood comb withdrawing, and for bee colonies above 6 frames of bees, starting on the 12 th day after the completion of the secondary brood comb withdrawing, adding one comb added with feed to each group every 3 days, sequentially adding combs at the positions close to the comb edges, and stopping adding the combs until the bees are matched with the combs.
e. And (3) selecting a mother colony in a plan at 7/10 days, closing the queen bee on a son spleen without an empty cell for controlling the yield, and replacing the son spleen with feed and the empty cell with the son spleen in the queen bee yield control device after 5 days for allowing the queen bee to lay eggs and breeding large ova.
f. On the 3 rd day after the large eggs for breeding are cultivated, a bee colony tissue breeding queen bee colony of 12 frames of bees is selected, an egg spleen, a worm spleen and a pupa spleen are placed in a hive, 5 son spleens are arranged in total, the pupa spleen, the worm spleen and a feed spleen are placed in a super, 6 bees are arranged in total, redundant non-son spleens are withdrawn out of the queen bee colony, a plane queen separation grid is arranged between a nest and the super, the queen bee is arranged in the hive, and a queen bee breeding frame is placed between the two son spleens in a queen-free area of the super.
At 7 months and 19 days (namely 4 days after breeding large eggs), breeding insect spleens are extracted from queen bee birth control devices in the female colony, the insects are transplanted into prepared queen bee breeding frame queen cell platforms, and after completion, the queen breeding frame is placed between two son spleens in a queen bee breeding area. The seed was returned to the mother population with the spleens.
Meanwhile, the female swarm queen bee control device is removed, queen bees are released, and normal management is restored.
In the scheme, because the queen bee is laid in the egg period of 3 days, the number of the insects is 5.5 days, the pupal period is 7.5 days, and the larva of one day old is selected for transferring and breeding the queen bee, the best period is to transfer the larva and breed the queen bee 4 days after the queen bee lays eggs.
g. At 29 days of 7 months (at 10 days after transferring and breeding queen), except queen bee colonies, selecting bee colonies with more than 7 frames of bees and bee colonies with the number larger than 1/2 of the total bee colonies, covering a gauze, placing a super, opening a rear nest door, taking out a honeycomb from the honeycomb, placing a frame of sufficient bees into the super, and adding another feed honeycomb. After the box cover is covered, the box cover, the yarn cover and the super are superposed on each nest box, a queen bee platform is extracted from a queen bee raising group in 7 months and 30 days (namely 11 days after the larva is transferred and the queen bee is raised), the queen bee raising group is guided into a honeycomb of the super, and meanwhile, a plane queen bee barrier is removed from the queen bee raising group, and normal management is recovered. After the new queen bee lays the laying ova, the covering cloth on the yarn cover in the middle of the nest and the super is removed for ventilation, the son spleens are exchanged between the nest and the super, namely the large-area old pupa spleens which are being hatched out of the hive in the nest box and the ova spleens in the super are mutually exchangedChangeable pipeThus, the new colony potential in the trunk is strengthened, and the feeding capacity of the old bee colony in the hive is exerted, and the bee colony is adjusted once every 4 days. For individual abnormal new queen bees or queen losing bee colonies in the hive, the queen bees are manually abandoned, the hive, the gauze cover and the covering cloth between the hives are removed, and the hive are combined.
h. And (4) when 9 months and 9 days, catching any queen bee in the hive or the hive super out of the group for storage for later use. The next day, the gauze cover between the nest and the super is removed, the upper and lower bee colonies are combined to form a single queen colony, and the queen bee is controlled to produce by the confinement of a queen cage. The method comprises the steps that more than 6 broods are reserved in each bee colony of the whole field, the broods are all collected in hives, redundant broods with the broods are collected in prepared empty hives, if the hives are filled with a plurality of super boxes for placing the broods and bees, the broods with more than 6 broods are kept, hive doors and super box doors are opened, after old bees fly back to the original boxes, the 6 broods with frames of 6 broods with the broods are evenly distributed into a plurality of prepared hives, new sites are placed in addition, and the reserved queen bees are induced, so that the bee colonies become new colonies.
In this example, newly-bred queens lay eggs before 8 months and 10 days, and overwintering bees of the right age can be produced by using the new queens. The bee colony expanding and breeding rate of the whole field can be increased by 50 percent, the overwintering bee colony vigor reaches 6 frames of strong colony, the overwintering bee body is healthy, and the overwintering death rate is low.
Embodiment 2 a method for increasing the population cardinality by using seedless breeding, comprising the following steps:
a: the difference from the step of example 1a is that: completing primary and secondary spleen withdrawal before 8 months and 8 days, and allowing newly-cultured queen bees to lay eggs before 8 months and 20 days; the rest is the same as example 1 a.
c-d is the same as c-d of example 1;
e. and (3) planned selection of a female colony in 7 months and 20 days, closing the queen bee on a son-spleen without empty cells for controlling the yield, and replacing the son-spleen with feed and the empty cells with the son-spleen in the queen bee yield control device after 5 days for allowing the queen bee to lay eggs and breeding large ova.
f. On the 3 rd day after the large eggs for breeding are cultivated, selecting a bee colony tissue of 12 frames of bees to breed a queen bee colony, if the brood comb is not removed, preparing the bee nest, placing the brood comb, the worm comb and the pupa comb in a hive, placing the pupa comb, the worm comb and the feed comb in a super, wherein 6 combs are counted, redundant non-son combs are withdrawn out of the colony, adding a plane queen barrier between the nest and the super, arranging the queen bee in the hive, and placing a queen bee cultivating frame between two son combs in a queen-free area of the super.
If the preparation of the honeycomb with the removed honeycomb is finished, a vertical queen bee barrier is used for dividing the honeycomb box into two areas, wherein one area is a queen bee oviposition area, and 4 honeycombs with feed are placed for the queen bee to oviposit; the other area is a queen-free area, two feed spleens are placed, and a queen-breeding frame is placed in the middle of the two spleens. An empty super is superposed on the nest box, and a plane queen-separating grid is added between the nest box and the super.
At 29 days 7 months, (i.e. at 4 days after breeding large eggs), breeding spleens are extracted from queen bee birth control devices in the female colony, transferred into prepared queen bee breeding frame queen cell bases, and placed between two spleens or feed spleens in queen bee breeding areas. The seed worms and spleens were returned to the mother population.
Meanwhile, the female swarm queen bee control device is removed, queen bees are released, and normal management is restored.
g. At 8 months and 8 days (namely at 10 days after transferring insects and raising queen), selecting bee colonies above 7 frames of bees except for raising the queen bee colonies, 1/2 bee colonies with the number larger than that of the whole bee colonies, covering a gauze, placing a super, opening a rear nest door, taking out a bee with a frame of feet from the nest box, placing the bee in the super, adding a feed spleen, covering a box cover, overlapping the gauze cover and the super on each nest box, extracting a queen bee platform from the queen bee raising group at 8 months and 9 days (namely 11 days after transferring insects), guiding the queen bee platform into the honeycomb of the super, and removing a vertical queen bee barrier and a plane queen bee barrier from the queen bee raising group to restore normal management. After the new queen bee produces the oviposited insects, the covering cloth on the gauze cover in the middle of the nest and the super is removed for ventilation, the son spleens of the nest and the super are exchanged, namely the large-area old pupa spleens which are being oviposited and come out of the nest in the nest box and the oviposited insects spleens in the super are exchangedChangeable pipeThus, the new colony potential in the trunk is strengthened, and the feeding capacity of the old bee colony in the hive is exerted, and the bee colony is adjusted once every 4 days. For individual abnormal new queen bees or queen losing bee colonies in the hive, the new queen bees are manually abandoned, the hive, the gauze cover and the covering cloth between the hives are removed, and the hive are combined.
h is the same as h in example 1;
in this example, newly-bred queens spawned 20 days before 8 months, and overwintering queens of 20-day spawned with the new queens. The bee colony expanding rate of the whole field can be increased by 46 percent, the overwintering bee colony vigor reaches 6 frames of strong colony, the overwintering bee body is healthy, and the overwintering death rate is low.
Comparative example 1
The difference from examples 1 and 2 is that the spleen withdrawing steps of a and c were not performed.
As is known, the development period of worker bees is 21 days from egg emergence to emergence, the period of breeding overwintering bees to lay eggs is 8 months 10 days to 9 months 10 days, the emergence time is 9 months 1 day to 10 months 1 day, so that the eggs laid by the queen bees in 9 months 10 days can emerge from the hive only in 10 months 1 day, and the breeding period of the overwintering bees is finished. In this comparative example, the spleen withdrawal step without a and c was observed to be: the number of the remaining bee colonies at 1 day of 10 months is reduced by 10.3 percent compared with the number of the original bee colonies, and the number of the remaining bees is reduced by 62 percent compared with the number of the original bees; the number of the remaining swarms is reduced by 34.5 percent compared with the number of the original swarms when the swarms are overwintering, and the number of the remaining bees is reduced by 82.5 percent compared with the number of the original bees, so that the overwintering swarms have high mortality rate and weak swarm vigor after overwintering compared with the original swarms.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1 and 2, the difference is that more than or equal to 8 honeycombs are placed in the queen-free area in the colony potential original bee colony with more than 6 frames of bees in the step a.
As a result, the number of the remaining bee colonies is not changed from the original bee colonies by 1 day of 10 months, but the number of the remaining bees is reduced by 21.4 percent compared with the original bee colonies; the number of the remaining swarms is reduced by 24 percent compared with the number of the original swarms by the end of overwintering of the swarms, and the number of the remaining bees is reduced by 40.5 percent compared with the number of the original bees.
Example 3
Compared with the conventional breeding method, the method for improving the radix of the bee colony by utilizing the seedless breeding in the initial breeding stage is utilized
In 2018, 2019 and 2020, by adopting the method for improving the population cardinality by utilizing the seedless breeding in the initial breeding period in the multi-bee-colony farms, the breeding expanding rate is 46-50%, the average overwintering population is 6 frames, and the overwintering mortality rate is 17.9-18.8%. The conventional breeding method has the breeding colony expanding rate of 10.3 percent, the average overwintering colony vigor of 3.6 frames and the overwintering death rate of 53.8 percent. The following table shows the test results in 2019:
note: 1. in the table, day 1 and 10 months are the time when all the subs-spleens in the bee colony leave the hive and the breeding period is finished, and the number of bees at the time is the number of bees before the wintering period; 2. in the table, the next 3 months and 28 days refer to the time when the overwintering of the bee colony is finished in the spring of the second year; 3. the propagation colony rate is [ [ total colony amount (box) on day 1/10 th-total colony amount (box) on day 1/total colony amount (box) x 100/100 on day 1/8 th; 4. average overwintering bee colony potential is equal to the total amount of bees before overwintering (frame)/the total amount of bee colonies (frame); 5. the overwintering mortality is [ total amount of bees before overwintering (frame) -total amount of bees at the end of overwintering (frame) ]/total amount of bees before overwintering (frame) × 100/100.
The method for breeding overwintering bees by a bee keeper conventionally comprises the following steps: and before 10 days after 8 months, spraying a mite killing water agent to treat mites, concentrating the subspints in the honeycomb into a hive, putting 8 combs at most, putting redundant combs (including subspints, honeycombs, powder combs and empty combs) into a super, keeping the relationship that the combs are slightly more than that of bees, and remaining queen bees on the subspints in the hive to lay eggs and breed.
The conventional overwintering bee breeding method has the following disadvantages:
1. in the linden honey period, the external powder source is less, the bee colony lacks powder, the bee body constitution bred in the period is poor, the nutrient substances secreted by the bee are insufficient, and the nutrient substances of the overwintering bee larva bred by the bee bred in the linden honey period are insufficient, the development is poor and the body constitution is unhealthy.
2. The queen bee continuously spawns all the time in the breeding period, is lack of strength and fatigue, has insufficient bee feeding capacity, is not in place for feeding and caring the queen bee, and has weak spawning capacity;
3. the temperature and humidity of the stage are very suitable for bee mites to live, the bee mites parasitizing in the brood spleens are bred rapidly in a large quantity, the bee mites suck bee larvae, pupae and blood lymph of the bee bodies, so that a large quantity of insects and pupaes cannot normally develop, leave the hive when being thrown, are also deficient in wings and feet, climb due to loss of flying ability, seriously harm the physical health of overwintering bees, and cause the service life to be shortened and the crowd vigor to decline rapidly.
4. The application can only reduce bee mites on the surface of the bee body, but cannot prevent and control the bee mites in the son spleen; the application of the medicine can cause medicine residue, which leads to the death of bees due to chronic poisoning.
5. The honeycomb is more, occupies a lot of honeybees and clears up the honeycomb, nurses the honeycomb, increases the burden, weakens the honeybee feeding power.
6. The honeycomb is more, and the area that the honeycomb was tourd to the queen bee is big (constantly looking over whether there are other queens), consumes a large amount of time, and the laying area is little, and is not concentrated, and the son spleen is scattered, and bee output rate is not high.
7. Because the egg laying capacity of queen bees is not strong, the feeding capacity of bees is insufficient, the bees are invaded by mites, the bred bees are unhealthy in constitution and seriously shortened in service life, the number of bee individuals is continuously reduced, the swarm vigor is lower than that of the bred overwintering bees when the breeding of the overwintering bees is finished, the original swarm is difficult to reach the overwintering swarm vigor standard before overwintering, and weak swarm can not be combined to overwinter in order to cope with overwintering, so that the number of the swarm is reduced. Overwintering bee physiqueDifference (D)The overwintering death rate is high, the number of bee colonies and the number of bees are greatly reduced by the end of overwintering, the colony vigor becomes very weak, the serious bees die the whole colony, the foundation of the bee colony in the current year is weak, normal bee breeding production cannot be realized, and the bee merging or the bee buying enhancement is only needed.
Due to the defects of the conventional breeding, the overwintering bees in the bee colony are poor in quality and small in quantity, and the overwintering death rate is high.
The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the population cardinality by using seedless breeding, which comprises the steps of breeding new queen bees, preparing a honeycomb and separating new colonies, and is characterized in that the honeycomb preparation is completed before the 10 th day after the queen bee shifting and breeding, the latest day can not exceed 8 months and 8 days, and the honeycomb preparation is completed and comprises the steps of completing the first son removing spleen and the second son removing spleen:
the first son removing spleen is a son spleen which is formed by dividing a hive of the whole field of bees into a queen area and a queen-free area by a vertical queen-separating grid, only 1 ovum spleen is reserved in the queen area of each bee colony, and a sealing cover cannot be arranged in a honeycomb; if no egg spleens exist in the bee colony, 1 empty spleen is reserved and placed in a queen area, and the rest honeycombs are completely withdrawn out of the colony; meanwhile, the honeycomb is arranged according to the following principle: 4 honeycombs are placed in queen-free areas in the swarm of the swarm vigor over 6 frames of bees; superposing an empty super on the nest box for more than 8 frames of bees, and adding a plane queen-separating grid between the nest box and the super; 3-5 frames of bee colony, placing 2 honeycombs in the queen-free area of the original bee colony, and reserving the bees and queens of the original colony; merging small groups with less than 3 frames;
on the 4 th-5 th day after the first son spleen withdrawing, the son spleens with the queen area are withdrawn out of the colony for the second time, meanwhile, the queen bees are placed in the queen-free area to start spawning, and the vertical queen bee barriers and the plane queen bee barriers are removed;
for bee colonies of 3-5 frames of bees, starting on the 6 th day after the completion of the second son removing of the combs, and for bee colonies above 6 frames of bees, starting on the 12 th day after the completion of the second son removing of the combs, adding one feed to each bee colony every 3 days until the bees are matched with the combs, and stopping adding the combs;
and the new bee colony separation means that any queen in a hive or a super hive is grabbed out of the colony for storage for later use from 9 months to 9 days, the number of the standby queen is not less than 1/2 of the total colony number, the bee colonies are merged from 10 months to 9 days, and the queen closed by a queen cage stops laying eggs to prepare colony separation.
2. The method of increasing the population cardinality using seedless breeding of claim 1,
the nest spleen removed from the outside of the colony comprises egg spleen, worm spleen, sealed pupa spleen, feed spleen and redundant empty nest spleen of the worker bee and the drone.
3. The method for improving the population cardinality by utilizing the seedless breeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the new queen bee breeding comprises the following steps:
1) selecting 12 frames of bee colony tissue queen bee colonies in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, arranging bee nests, transferring insects and breeding queen bees, wherein the number of queen bee breeding platforms is greater than 1/2 of the number of the bee colonies in the whole field;
2) on the 10 th day after the larvae are transferred and queen bee is bred, selecting bee colonies more than 7 frames of bees and 1/2 bee colonies with the number larger than that of the whole bee colonies, placing a super on each hive, separating the hive and the super by using a gauze cover and covering cloth, and opening a back door of the super; taking out a honeycomb with a frame of podocytes from the nest box, putting the podocytes into a super, adding a feed spleen to organize a queen-free group, extracting a queen platform from a queen-breeding group the next day, guiding the queen platform into the honeycomb of the super, removing a vertical queen-separating grid and a plane queen-separating grid from the queen-breeding group, and recovering normal management;
3) after the new queen bee spawns the oviposited insects, removing the covering cloth on the gauze cover between the nest and the super and ventilating, mutually exchanging the son spleens of the nest and the super honeycomb, and adjusting once every 4 days; and (3) for abnormal new queen bees or queen losing bee colonies in the individual hive honeycombs, removing queen bees, removing the yarn covers and the covering cloth among the honeycombs and the hives, and combining the honeycombs and the hive honeycombs.
4. The method for increasing the population cardinality by using the seedless breeding as claimed in claim 3, wherein the queen bee cultivation in 1) adopts the following method: if the honeycomb is not removed, laying ova, worms and pupa spleens in a nest box, wherein 5 submandibulas are arranged in the nest box, 6 submandibulas, worms and feed spleens are arranged in a super box, and redundant non-submandibulas are removed out of the group; a plane queen bee barrier is added between the nest and the super, queen bees are arranged in the nest box, and the super is a queen bee breeding frame in a queen bee-free area;
if the preparation of the honeycomb is finished, the honeycomb box is divided into two areas by a vertical queen bee barrier, wherein one area is a queen bee oviposition area, and 4 honeycombs with feed are placed for the queen bee to oviposit; the other area is a queen-free area, two feed spleens are placed, a queen-breeding frame is placed between the two spleens, an empty super is superposed on a nest box, and a plane queen-separating grid is added between the nest box and the super.
5. The method for improving the cardinality of a bee colony according to claim 1, wherein the isolating of the new bee colony comprises the following steps: grabbing any queen bee out of the hive or the super hive honeycomb for storage for later use, removing the yarn cover between the hive and the super hive, combining the hive and the super hive honeycomb to become a single queen bee group, leading the queen bee to be confined and controlled to produce by a queen bee cage, adjusting and keeping more than or equal to 6 brood combs in all the queen bees in the hive, keeping the number of the queen bee slightly more than that of the combs and supplementing the queen bee with deficiency, inducing the queen bee extracted and stored into a queen bee group without the combs, and combining the queen bee group with a new overwintering bee group.
6. The method for improving bee colony cardinality using seedless breeding of claim 1, wherein the whole bee colony operation is completed within 2 days per each son-withdrawal.
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