RU2289241C2 - Method for programming kind of territorial bees - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apiculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves changing bee queens by purebred breeder queens for growing of purebred drone bees, with predominance of purebred drone bee background being set; next season, changing bee queens by purebred infertile queens in remaining families of no bred to create purebred queens; providing natural pairing.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and safety of purebred bee rearing.

24 cl, 1 tbl

Description

1. The programming method for territorial bee breeds relates to beekeeping and is applicable for purebred breeding of honey bees (hereinafter referred to as bees) in an uninsulated territory surrounded by territories where bees with slightly different heredity properties can live in the same breed or in different breeds. In the process of long evolution on Earth, bees formed many ecotypes (populations and breeds), which are in good agreement with the constantly changing environmental conditions of their habitat. A person can significantly accelerate these processes both in the direction of improvement, and, sadly, for the worse. Regarding bees, unfortunately, it is often a question of preserving the natural and not yet surpassed artificially natural beneficial hereditary qualities and properties of bees.

The domestication of bees did not make them completely homely. Bees remain territorial. But having access to the family of "domestic" bees, you can somehow "switch" it to any breed by the widespread method of replacing the uterus. Usually, pure-bred fetal queens are taken for replacement, since drones in this area are usually not of one or all of an unknown breed. For the replacement of the uterus in an ordinary family with a purebred fetal one, only "indirect" replanting methods are selected from a variety of well-known methods, providing for the safety of the uterus from possible aggressiveness of bees to it. For guaranteed replanting of the uterine (expensive) uterus in good weather, when the bees fly, from the family in which the uterus needs to be replaced, take a small layering of 3-4 frames with young bees and a sealed, mature brood and put a beehive with this layering next to this family. When all the flying bees fly away, the uterus is planted by layering, covering it with a large cap in such a place of the honeycomb, where there is a more mature, sealed brood. The next day, the cap is removed and the uterus is given the opportunity to lay eggs for three days. Then, it is better in the evening, when the bees are already a little tired, the replaced uterus is removed and after two or three hours, when the bees already feel their bezatomnosti, layering with a new uterus, again covered on a honeycomb with bees, is transferred to the framework in the hive of the intended family, from which he was taken. The cap is removed after 24 hours and gives the uterus freedom. After a few days, you should make sure that the uterus in this family normally lays eggs ("Textbook of the beekeeper", M .: "Kolos", 1973). Planting of purebred fetal queens into other bee colonies in the territory (in the minimum case it is one apiary) is carried out in the same way, using the described method as many times as there are bee colonies in the territory (apiary) and how many then replace the queen bees in these families. In case of failure, you need to have spare ones or be able to quickly get additional queens. In all bee families on the territory (apiary), with a frequency of 15 days, check for possible queen cells that are removed. In the case of the mother liquor that was noticed earlier and now has come out and even possibly seeded a new, already uncontrolledly labeled uterus, it is immediately replaced in any case, preventing eggs from being laid by such a uterus and making sure that the bees do not lay mother eggs on its eggs. With this method, purebred breeding of bees in the territory of drones is not bred or restricted in families according to generally accepted technologies. The disadvantages of the method are:

- the need for a large number of purebred fetal uterus for the first replacement;

- the need to replace the uterus for emergency correction of internal outbreeding in bee families in a purebred apiary;

- a lot of work to control the cleanliness of families and the ongoing replacement of queens;

- significant interference in the life of bee colonies and a decrease in their productivity ;.

- lack of self-growth effect of breed;

- uncontrolled metization of territory bees;

- even a small number of families in the absence of a special, uninterrupted supply of such an apiary with purebred fetal uterus is practically impossible to keep in "purebred".

More realistic and applied, where possible, is the method of thoroughbred breeding of bees in an isolated area. It should be either an island inaccessible for any bees to enter. Or a territory with some other insurmountable natural barrier for bees (mountains, steppes, desert, wind, heat, fog, rain, etc.). One can also suppose artificial isolation, for example, a wildlife sanctuary, etc. In an isolated territory, at a time suitable for the complete disappearance of all drones from old queens, the queen bees are replaced in all bee colonies with purebred fetal ones, as described above, and they are convinced that the old drones have not completely disappeared anywhere in the queen families. Then the uterus is replaced only if it is necessary to replace them from the conditions of a functional property according to the usual beekeeping technology, such as: restoration of egg production; treatment of frozen seeding, brood; to reduce Royle, etc. already with their purebred fetal uterus, since in an isolated territory they, if necessary, are taken directly to the families of their bees. The uterus here is thoroughbred inseminated by local purebred drones, the number of which is maintained within the limits necessary for full insemination in this territory of purebred queens, taking into account the possibility of selective mating. For a single output of individual uterus for the current replacement, it is enough to use one of the simple known methods. They take a good family of bees with large reserves of honey and an abundance of bee bread, and the uterus is planted from it, providing it with ten days of work. In this family, in a honeycomb with the youngest larvae that have just been born, a small rectangular hole is cut 3-4 cm high. At the edges of the hole around individual larvae, the cell walls are shortened and the bowls are marked so that the queen cells are not fused. The frame is placed in the middle of the nest, where there are many bee-nurse. After 9 days, the sealed mother liquors are taken away until they are destroyed by the first released young uterus. The hostess is returned to the family. The mothers are either given out to nuclei for local insemination, or they are planted in families where the uterus must be replaced in the usual way (I.A.Shabarshov. Beekeeping, 1996). The disadvantages of the method are:

- the need for access to all, without exception, families of bees in the territory for the initial replacement of queen bees with purebred ones in them, so that there are no outbred bees left in the isolated territory;

- a great need for purebred fetal queens to completely replace them in all bee families of an isolated territory. This need is determined by the size of the isolated territory and the number of bee families on it, which are often too large for the full development of this territory and the effects of isolation cannot be used;

- the uniqueness of such territories for the majority within the continental areas;

- the degeneration of the breed with long-term breeding of bees "in themselves", which is expressed, for example, in the appearance of queens with frozen sowing and brood.

Closer to the proposed method, an analogue is the method of thoroughbred breeding of bees in a territory surrounded by other territories where bees of other breeds are bred, for example, on the basis of the Plan for Breeding Zoning of Bees, operating in the territories of individual administrative regions at the state level. Purebred breeding of bees in this case also begins with the replacement of queens in bee colonies of a given territory with purebred fetal ones. The replacement of the uterus is carried out as described above and at the same time they strive to replace them in the largest possible number of all families in the given territory. Then do not allow self-exchange of queens in these families, since it is completely unlikely that purebred insemination by their sufficient set of purebred drones. All mother liquors in these families are destroyed, and self-replacements are replaced by pure-bred fetal mothers, thus maintaining only part of the pure-bred families on the territory.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- deficit of purebred fetal queens, sharply up to a complete "vacuum" increasing with the expansion of the territory of purebred breeding due to the limited production of purebred fetal queens concentrated on special breeding reproducers;

- the great laboriousness of work in families that have become purebred due to the need for continuous monitoring to prevent self-replacement of the uterus, which is also associated with excessive anxiety of bees, a decrease in their productivity;

- the method of establishing a breed with purebred fetal uterus without the possibility of their complete replacement throughout the territory (that is, with forced incomplete replacement) does not create a mode of self-growth in the level of clean breed in the territory due to the property of the uterus to strengthen, multiplying and building up in the offspring the breed whose drones prevailed during her insemination. Therefore, the uterus of inaccessible families produce an outbred and the method as a whole (option: "row against the tide") is a futile confrontation between the processes of artificially establishing a breed by introducing purebred fetal queens into the territory and naturally rejecting this breed by the bees themselves by removing the inseminated uterus local, mostly not purebred drones.

Already doubts are still being used (A. Plakhova, “The danger of uncontrolled mass crossing of bees,” Beekeeping, N4, 2003) methods involving local manipulation of rocks in territories by unilaterally saturating the territory with purebred drones of any breed. For example, the so-called “Variable Crossing” method is proposed, which is as follows. In areas with a harsh climate, such a number of Caucasian queens are removed so that all queens in the central and surrounding apiaries can be completely replaced with them within a radius of 5-7 km. They will reproduce only Caucasian drones. After a year, these queens are rejected, and instead of them the infertile Central Russian queens are planted, who, when mated with Caucasian drones, will give offspring-crosses of the 1st generation. Two years later, these queens are changed to Caucasian, creating again for two years in a radius of 15 km. background of Caucasian drones, etc. alternately, receiving the effects of reciprocal, heterotic crossing of the 1st generation, avoiding subsequent generations (GD Bilash, NI Krivtsov, V. I-Lebedev "The Beekeeper's Calendar", M., 1999, p. 166). Other methods are also used related to the saturation of the territory with drones, even the same by the name of the breed, but imported from afar and with unknown consequences, while the genotype of the local unique indigenous population that has not yet been adequately studied is due to the almost complete absence of its own drones for the natural protection of its breed, is irretrievably lost. This causes irreparable harm to the surrounding local populations of bees far and for a long time, as V.A. Gubin talked about ("Crossbred bees - permanently or permanently", w / Beekeeping, No. 3, 2002). For, as A.A. Plakhova very rightly says, the fastest way to destroy the breed is through mass crossbreeding. "With almost always insufficient drone saturation of the habitat of local populations due to the technological, literally," cutting "of drones, the appearance of a massive foreign predominant drone saturation is inevitably fatal for their very continued existence on the planet.

The disadvantages here include the unreality of absolute norms in such technological operations as the complete rejection and replacement of harmful, heterotic queens, the absolute prevention of drones from them, the removal of all queen cells, etc.

In addition, the inevitable in the conditions of the present, forced greenhouse keeping of bees, the survival of purebred heat-loving or even unsuitable bees in uncontrolled bee families in the surrounding territories gives rise to new and powerful sources of local, internal (not imported) uncontrolled metalization.

A very close way is to organize a wildlife sanctuary with a breeding-uterine bee farm. The farm should be located approximately in the center of the territory with a radius of at least 20 km with at least 2500-3000 families. 25-30 purebred bee families are imported, of which 5 father families with 2-3 thousand drones and 20-25 families of maternal groups of 4-5 are formed. Pure-bred mother daughters are bred taking into account the selection of the best family in the group and taking into account the scoring so much that would be enough to replace all the families of the territory. Uterus from groups are distributed evenly throughout the territory. The output of drones is not limited in any of the families. The disadvantages include:

- inaccessibility for replacing the uterus of all bee families of the reserve;

- the practical unreality of concentrated production of 2-3 thousand purebred queens (even infertile);

- suppression of all breeds in territories adjacent to the reserve, because the intensity of the drones bred in all families of the reserve is not regulated.

All the unifying, common, main drawback of all the above methods of purebred beekeeping on an uninsulated territory, surrounded by other territories with no less interesting and valuable pedigree bee species living on them, worthy of attention and conservation, is that they do not use the natural mechanism of the natural localization of breeds and populations in real conditions of a particular locality by the fact that for other than bred, valuable populations, a sufficient drone ratio is not provided in the general drone background of adjacent territories for their natural self-defense. That is, the natural mechanism of rock self-localization is ignored everywhere! Before human intervention in the life of bees, it must be assumed that this mechanism worked perfectly, reliably and steadily, and the current so-called “uncontrolled” metalization was under strict control. An indisputable proof of this statement is that otherwise a person would not be able to observe or lose any breeds and populations, since they could not be formed just like that, by chance.

Of course, even without taking into account and using this natural mechanism, it is possible to obtain some “local” local and “momentary” effects at the cost of not immediately and not everywhere observed, tangible and easily proved incommensurable losses. For example, it is possible to get heterosis within one territory, surrounded by the territories of defenseless bee populations. And even the elimination of harmful, heterotic uterus of subsequent generations is provided for in this territory by their regular complete rejection and replacement. That harm from the death of surrounding defenseless populations, the establishment of chaos of uncontrolled metalization in their territories cannot be ignored or prevented when it comes to a whole region, region, state, continent.

The present invention proposes to build the entire technology for managing the heredity of bees based on the constructive use of the natural, natural mechanism for the localization of pedigree species of bees on the territory and the territories surrounding it, taking into account primarily the fact that drones are the main tool of this mechanism. The complete absence of drones in any species of bees, if it is sometimes useful to use specially and for a short time for sharp “switching” (replacement) of the breed state of bees of any territory (by the way, Nature does not do this and this is unnatural), then leave it completely without a certain intensity of their drones is equivalent to dooming this population to destruction. This can and should be done only in that exceptional case, when the breed needs to be destroyed. And if this is another zoned breed in the neighboring region?! ...

Below is a time chart of the programming method for breeds at the border of the Oryol and Tula regions, where according to the Plan of Breed Zoning of the Russian Federation in the Oryol region there is only Central Russian breed, and in the Tula - Prioksky breed type. On the diagram of the Oryol region, as more southern, the first stage is defined. But this can also be revised taking into account the Caucasian in the blood of the Prioksky breed type of bees.

APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER 36 days Growing drones in the Oryol region (creation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations) 24 days Growing uterus in the Oryol region (preparation of KChM) 12 days The active phase of mating drones and queens of the Central Russian bee breed in the Oryol region 36 days Growing drones in the Tula region (creation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations) 24 days Growing uterus in the Tula region (preparation of KChM) 12 days Active mating phase of the Prioksky breed group in the Tula region

Notes:

- brood of drones is laid in 32 (38) = 24 + 8 (14) ~ 36 days;

- brood of uterus is laid in 23 (26) = 16 + 7 (10) ~ 24 days;

- the scatter of readiness of drones and queens is blocked by the time of losses;

- a gap between the active phases of almost two months provides a relative decrease in the initial too high density of drones of the Central Russian breed in the general drone background of adjacent territories;

- the passive phase is negligible and is not shown.

The option of the natural establishment of the breed by drones even with an incomplete initial replacement of all the uterus of the territory with purebreds allows for a self-growth mode (option: "row along the stream") of pure breed in the territory, because drones, naturally, give the program to all the uterus of the territory for life to breed that breed of bees with short-term carriers ( deliveries) which they themselves are.

The advantage of the option of managing the breed on the territory of the drones by programming the queen bees is not so obvious that the directories everywhere emphasize the uniqueness of the purpose of the drone as just a male honey bee, born in late spring and expelled by bees by autumn. And yet, it is precisely this time interval of the existence of the drone that speaks of its programming role, since it is precisely this drone, as the programmer, that the permissive period of time is given for recording information of its heredity to the uterus, which then produces this breed programmed for it for life.

Misunderstanding and non-use of this crucial functional role of drones in their at least such impulsive, but full-fledged presence and participation in the life of the bee community as not just males for the quantitative reproduction of the bee family, but as the most important basis for its vital stability in conditions of instability of the real environment, Unfortunately, it has already led to transcendental negative situations.

The following is a list of a number of points of the current lack of practical attitude towards drones as indispensable programmers of bee breeds in their habitat that is common in practical beekeeping technologies:

a) General orientation to reduce the number of drones in the family;

b) Lack of concern for drones in the hive when serving bees;

c) Ignoring the role of drones in protecting against uncontrolled metalization;

d) Calculation of the required number of drones only for reproduction;

d) Ignoring the role of drones stimulating tone of the bee family;

f) Saving uterine egg production due to drones eggs;

g) Damage to the health of the uterus from its difficulties in laying drone eggs;

h) Saving feed due to drones;

i) The treatment of bees with the destruction of the drone brood;

j) Voskoproductivnost due to the deficit of drone cells;

k) The destruction of drones to delay swarming;

m) Drone homogenate in conditions of uncontrolled bee methylation;

m) Associated destruction of drones (just like that, in passing).

By programming the breed with drones, they only direct the self-determination of a given breed of bees in uninsulated territory by targeted breeding of purebred drones for local purebred insemination of uterus for reproduction in all families of the territory of this breed of bees. The unnatural option of establishing and maintaining the breed on the territory only with the uterus with insufficient prevalence of purebred drones does not give self-growth of breed, but, on the contrary, is complicated by the tendency of the bees themselves to outbred, because the bees themselves will necessarily replace the planted purebred queens. And if there are few purebred drones in the territory, then all uterus self-exchange will be purebred. The proposed method should be attributed to the option of establishing the desired breed of bees in the territory with drones, although outwardly this is not entirely obvious. The specifics are such that it is impossible to do without queen bees at all. Even more so: the drone is reproduced by the uterus only for a while to fulfill its specific transfer role in the time period provided to it for it in the annual cycle of the family’s life. That is, the active phase of the action of the drones is determined by a resolving pulse, which opens the keys of the information highway, as is done in a computer, to write information to a Read-Only Memory (ROM). After recording the ROM of the breed in the territory (of all the queens of the territory), this massive process of programming the queens for a given breed is no longer needed this season. Therefore, the bees and drive out the drones. But this process is repeated regularly, every year. Infertile queens for confirmation or replacement of the breed in the territory according to the proposed method are grown here every year, every season, or every other year, since the programmed uterus can fully work for two years. In the passive phase, a purebred drone background in the territory is left only with the intensity necessary to counteract the current flow of hardware controlled instrumentally and which can be insignificant to negligibility within the territory, in the absence of obvious internal sources of foreign breeding. Then the passive phase of the drone background of purebred drones is minimized in the expectation of regular programming and, therefore, the correction of the territorial breed of bees in the active phase of the action of purebred drones. Thus, despite the fact that although the uterus is a natural cause of the physical existence and action of the drone in a certain phase of the life of the bee community, the informational role of the drone in the cause-effect pair of the drone - uterus is the leading one. So the drone is the cause of the given breed in the territory, and the programmed uterus is its consequence. Naturally, the method is no longer talking about the old fetal uterus, because the uterus is like a one-time product. Therefore, in the framework of the proposed method, in the territory with thoroughbred regularly on a yearly basis (or after two years) the following two two-part objects of a cause-and-effect pair are created and controlled: a programming queen in the territory of the Thoroughbred Drones Massif (MCT) - the reason; and the contingent of purebred, infertile, uterus (MFM), programmed for a given breed - a consequence. The non-obviousness of the natural mechanism of localization of pedigree species of bees in the territories, with the irreplaceable and especially important role of drones in it, is caused by the negligence of this main natural specialization of drones, obscured by their participation in the quantitative reproduction of bees. The paradox of this negligence is quite original and reached the point where even in the encyclopedia drones are characterized as lazy people and idlers, who are thousands in the family and who are fed by bees, expelling them when swarming ends. How everything is precisely noticed. Parasites? Yes! And yet ... That is precisely the genius and simplicity of the natural selection method: if the bee family can afford to feed thousands of "loafers and parasites", then it is she who demonstrates her superpower and wins the Natural Selection tournament. Not considering this, they don’t see:

a) neither the polymorphic so narrow specialization of the drone - the protector of the breed;

b) neither the phenomenon of parthenogenesis of drones;

c) no memo-polyandry of uterus;

d) not a purely narrow-purpose, tournament-relay lifestyle of a drone;

e) neither that he does not live on his own, but “programs” and continues to live informationally in the womb;

e) neither that he is an information carrier of the breed of ancestors;

g) not so touching concern for the drones of worker bees, up to their own ability to emergency reproduction of drones.

If all this is taken into account, it is clear enough that the drone in honey bees is not the same as in many other animal species, the male, only participating in the reproduction of the number of offspring. And that for those animal species no extra diligence and sophisticated struggle for bees (and, by the way, for humans) so vitally necessary for bees (and, incidentally, for humans) do not need exceptional unusual inherited properties of superoperability, because who else forms reserves in order to feed the army - the defenders of the breed. The drone, first of all, is extremely comprehensive, diverse and very unusual, narrowly and selectively created and adapted by Nature mainly and primarily to protect qualitative values (properties of heredity) of a kind, and quantitative propagation for it is only a primitive-associated business, so simple that even a person with glasses and with a microscope has mastered it. Let him try to do the main work of the drone ... For this, in a fantastic future, at least a not-so-simple robot with virtuoso abilities of flight and endurance, satisfying the taste and selectivity of a young, infertile uterus, will be required, because it really "understands" that a drone can be judged on his sister. It has already been noted that the uterus prefers to mate with drones, which increase the viability of their offspring (S.N. Nazimov). So there is no need to invent anything instead of a drone, which is completely and better than anyone capable of protecting its breed! You just need to understand the drone and not interfere, but help him clean up his bee kingdom.

The present invention consists, therefore, in the proposal to control the bee breed on an uninsulated territory using the option of its introduction mainly "on the paternal side" by programming drones of the uterus with a breed selected by a competent and responsible human breeder, substituting to some extent Natural Selection and strictly abiding by this law.

From the polymorphic device of the bee family, it is clear that the drone is specially adapted by Nature to stabilize the breed, and the infertile uterus, on the contrary, is narrowly specialized by Nature for its variability, as a storage device adapted specifically for recording the information on the hereditary properties of drones that prevail on the territory at the time of her mating flights.

Table 1 illustrates all three polymorphic bees.

Table 1.
Specialization of individuals in the family of honey bees POLYMORPHISM AND TRANSFER OF HEREDITARY VISIBILITY IN BEE WORKING BEE UTERUS Drones OVERCOME: FORM: PROTECT: Hunger, cold, illness, pestilence, stress, adversity, adversity. Conduct: reconnaissance, conservation, construction, cleaning, life, disinfection, treatment, fodder, medicine, management, feeding, education, saving the breed with special care for drones and even giving birth to them (tindering) Heredity by fecundity and natural selection from offspring with local drones that are “remembered” and produce the predominant breed, reinforced by time (memo-polyandry) Heredity by the genetic purity of the ancestral breeds, the predominant number and activity in the competitively acute confrontation with drones of other breeds at the place of settlement of their mothers (parthenogenesis) Specific qualities EXCELLENT CAPABILITY VARIABILITY STABILITY and versatility and fertility and irreplaceability The main conclusion: IF NO DRONES, NO PROTECTION FROM METIZATION

Given the above, it can be concluded that the drones are so specially, rationally and optimally adapted by Nature itself to act as a selfless defender of the breed in the habitat of her bee genus, that for a start they are just simply rehabilitated and "put into business." For this, in this non-isolated territory, in bee families where the uterus is purebred, they abolish all the usual and generally accepted restrictions on drones, providing them with the most favorable conditions for their reproduction and full-fledged work in the main direction: purebred programming of the uterus of the territory, including:

- cancel the overall installation to reduce the number of drones;

- take care of drones in the hive, when serving bees;

- Do not ignore their role in protecting against uncontrolled metalization;

- calculate the required number of drones from the calculation of the necessary density of purebred drone background to overcome a specific level of other breeds;

- Do not ignore the stimulating role of drones in the family;

- do not save uterus eggs in favor of working bees;

- Do not ignore the difficulties of the uterus in the laying of drone eggs;

- do not save food due to drones;

- do not use methods for treating bees with the destruction of the drone brood;

- do not increase wax productivity due to the deficit of drone cells;

- Do not destroy brood of drones to delay swarming;

- do not produce drone homogenate at the cost of uncontrolled bee tagging;

- Do not destroy the drone brood along the way (just like that, in passing).

Thus, only by fully breeding drones in bee families, where the uterus is replaced by purebred fetal ones, already when replacing only a certain part of the total number of families of all bees in the territory, the uterus will begin to breed with the excess of the given breed over others, since drones from families not covered by the replacement of the uterus - are still very limited and the MCT created here will prevail over them, providing a mode of self-increase in the level of breed of bees in this territory due to the corresponding programming of the queens. Moreover, the speed of such "self-growth" may be far from satisfactory.

To increase the efficiency, stability and safety of purebred breeding of bees using MChT and KChM bred for commercial production in this territory, then additional settings, checks, approvals are made and additional methods and devices are applied in accordance with paragraphs.2.-26 of the present description.

2. For the cultivation of purebred both uterus and drones in non-tribal bee farms of the territory, pedigree pure-bred, but infertile queens are used. First, in part of the families of bees, the territories replace the uterus with purebred infertile so as to grow purebred drones. It is assumed that due to the phenomenon of parthenogenesis of drones, these uterus produce purebred drones regardless of the breed of local drones that have inseminated them. Planting an infertile uterus is more difficult than a fetal uterus. Given the special value and complexity of the delivery of a purebred (tribal) uterus, it is planted taking into account all the conditions and precautions favorable for this. Avoid everything that can cause irritation and bitterness of bees. Do not plant in cold, rainy, windy weather, timeless season, with theft, and when swarm uterus is usually removed.

Massive replacement of queen bees on the territory is carried out during the main bribe, when it is easier to get many breeding queen bees, it is easier to plant them, and some interruption in the work of the queen in the family will free her from raising brood. In the evening, the uterus is removed from the family and the next day, during a strong summer, the hive is set aside 1 meter to the side, and a substitute is put in its place in the same shape and color. Frames with open brood and eggs, but without bees, are transferred into it. In the evening, the family orphaned in this way is given a young uterus in the evening in a cage, seasoned with food and previously standing with the old uterus for 1-2 hours in the family's nest in order to acquire its smell. The uterus is released from the cage, as usual with the help of bees, checking the attitude of the bees, but it is important not to disturb them very much and, if possible, to do without smoke. After the uterus is released from the cell, the bees are not disturbed for three days, and when the uterus is seeded and begins to lay eggs, the family is united.

For the next season, they are preparing in advance for the cultivation of drones in these families for the greatest possible quantitative predominance of them over all kinds of inevitable sources of uncontrolled foreign breeding in the territory. The attitude to drones in families with a purebred uterus is changed so that each family with a purebred uterus gives at least 2000-4000 (an average of 3000) drones (half of the nesting frame). At the same time, in families with unchanged or unknown uterus, the removal of drones is completely and forever in every possible way (since they must be completely replaced), considering that in doing so, practically they will still be displayed 100-200 (on average 150) pieces for each outbred family. The prevalence of purebred drones in the territory will be established:

F = 3000 * p: 150 * b + 3000 * p; when n = b; F ~ 0.95;

Where:

Ф - coefficient of cleanliness of the background of drones;

n - the number of families with purebred uterus;

b - the number of families with outbred uterus.

And, thus, from the group of twenty drones inseminating one uterus in the territory, now only one is likely to be outbred. For an outbred uterus, this is a program to produce about half of purebred daughters. But she will produce drones only outbred. Therefore, neither the queens, nor the more drones from outbred queens, are completely excluded. Only female workers. In the next season, in the territory of the still outbred families, the uterus is further changed to purebred infertile, thereby creating a QMF for programming it already created on the territory of the Ministry of Emergency Situations with a background coefficient of drones of ~ ~ 0.95, and also produce from these uterus and their daughters as much as possible more drones, significantly increasing the F.

With Φ = 0.95 in the fourth generation of uterus from an outbred uterus, only one of her eight great-great-granddaughters with a probability of 0.95 will remain only half outbred. All the others will be purebred and even more so, since the predominance of the drone background will somewhat increase at the expense of families in which drones have not yet been bred, but they somehow “leak out” and are already mostly purebred. Now, as they reveal their purebred fetal queens in the apiary, drones from them and their daughters produce unlimitedly. This gives a large margin of stability established on the territory of the breed even from massive metalization and allows you to slightly relax restrictions, for example, allowing roaming.

3. Parallelization of the production of uterus from their concentrated production in pedigree beekeeping on beekeeping in the territory provides significant savings of all types of production resources due to the parallelization of individual technological operations both in production areas, labor resources and equipment, and in time. Distribution of brood of uterus to bee farms of the territory at the early stages of its development (eggs and larvae) allows for the simultaneous replacement of queens in a large number of bee families in a vast territory due to the involvement of more labor and production resources, the larger the territory. In this case, the required qualification of work completely fits into the average level of practical beekeeping, since all the most highly qualified work is carried out in breeding, breeding and reproductive bee enterprises, which also provide ordinary beekeepers of the territory with all the specific technological documentation, control and consultations. To replace the queens in his apiary, the beekeeper brings from the pedigree beekeeping a brood of purebred queens on the vaccination frame and puts this frame in the pre-prepared family for this purpose in his apiary. Then, as individual families prepare to receive the brood for rearing, several mother-mother bowls on cartridges from the grafting frame are rearranged into nest frames instead of the same-aged mother liquors that the bees previously laid there. In order for the bees to pre-lay the queen cells, the uterus is isolated from the family and a rectangular hole 3-4 cm high is cut out in a honeycomb with fresh sowing and blanks are made for bees for small bowls, cutting the edges of the cells with larvae and crushing the larvae in the cells around them so that they can settle there cartridges. Two days later, when the bees arrange their mother liquors on separate prepared cells with larvae left, they place in their place bowls with a purebred brood on cartridges from the grafting frame. After a day, they check the acceptance of these larvae for rearing and remove all other mother liquors. Depending on the age of the brood brood known from the documents of the pedigree beekeeping, which “shipped” the brood of purebred queens on the 9th day after the larva leaves the egg, the presence of sealed queen cells on the cartridges is checked and other possible queen cells are removed. Then, after another ten days, they check for the presence in the family of a new fetal uterus, which, depending on the degree of predominance of purebred in the background of drones, may already be a completely purebred fetal uterus, which is revealed by an express analysis of the signs of pedigree of her daughters - working bees.

4. Fundamentally, the use of the drones programming method in the territory is the more effective, the larger the area and the more families of bees, equipment, tools and labor resources for the maintenance and care of these bees are included in the mode of active and coordinated work to establish and maintain a given breed bees in this territory. Self-service of commodity bee farms in the areas most difficult for concentrated production of purebred fetal queens allows to completely eliminate the problem of a sharp increase in their deficit with the expansion of the territory, and the increasing removal of apiaries in the territory from the borders of adjacent territories where other bee breeds are bred, increases their independence, facilitating the creation and maintaining the local bee population. With the expansion of the territory, all work is carried out in the same way as described in paragraphs 1-3., In relation to the territory of any size, taking into account that all quantitative indicators of pedigree with the increase of the territory improve. Only problems of control and coordination of work on programming the territorial breed of bees are growing.

5. Uterus and drones usually fly away from their home to a distance of 5-7 km (up to 10 km) and, in addition, there are places where they prefer to make their mating tournaments. The knowledge of these places increases the effectiveness of the MRI and this factor is taken into account when choosing the location of those bee families in the territory in which the uterus is replaced with purebred in order to get purebred drones from them for MRI in the most suitable place. Mating tournaments usually take place in warmth, in the sun, over an area of several hectares of land, covered with grassy and shrubby vegetation, with an inclination towards the sun. With this in mind, drones for MCT are grown in bee families, which are located in places convenient for drones and uterus to fly, given that they like to fly along the hollows.

6. The main contingent of the uterus of the territory is programmed with specially prepared MCTs of the active phase of action for several days so that over the next large period of time (the rest of the season) significantly reduce worries about the breed, doing only the prevention and compensation of uncontrolled tagging from its various predicted and unexpected sources in the territory. Timing diagrams of preparing the MF and MFM and the process of mating them (programming MFM) are calculated based on the following times of drones and uterus growth from the moment of laying the eggs to the beginning of the active phase of the mating season: uteri for 23 (26) = 16 + 7 (10) and drones in 32 (38) = 24 + 8 (14) days. The duration of the active phase of MCT varies in accordance with specific conditions (weather, bribes, venom protection) and taking into account the experience of the process of insemination of uterus in a given area.

7. The separation of the active phases of the action of the MCT of adjacent territories with sufficiently clear preparedness for the corresponding CMCs to be programmed, allows one to clearly distinguish between the establishment of different breeds of bees in adjacent territories. The timing diagram of the processes of preparing and programming uterus of different breeds in adjacent territories is compiled on the basis of calculating brood laying moments for the formation of MFM and MIM in territories with a shift by the time of mating loss of the first territory from the calculation:

a) brood of drones is laid in 32 (38) = 24 + 8 (14) days;

b) the brood of the uterus is laid for 23 (26) = 16 + 7 (10) days from the laying of the egg to the beginning of the active phase of the action of the MCT.

Queens and drones of another breed in the adjacent territory are prepared similarly by the deadline for the time of the active programming phase of the first breed (for example, 10 days) later. Depending on the weather conditions in a particular area, the time of the active phase can be significantly changed. But in any case, not the first territory in this queue is in more difficult conditions due to the fact that the drones of the first neighbor do not disappear quickly and to prevent interference from them, for the non-first one they take a number of actions to coordinate the neighbors, including:

- a certain ratio of the density of the MRI in both neighbors;

- temporary installation of the first neighbor drone barrages;

- the territorial distribution of families forming the MST of both neighbors.

The separation of the active phases of the action of the MCT of other adjacent territories is carried out similarly with the preparation of an accurate and mutually agreed time chart for programming their rocks.

8. The passive phase of the action of the MCT, when the main contingent of the uterus of the territory is already programmed in the active phase of its action, differs in density and placement, sufficient only to stabilize the rock in case of possible sources of metalization, which cannot be left uncontrolled. The most inevitable crossbreeding comes from a neighbor from a neighboring territory if another breed of bees is bred from him. To prevent the penetration of another breed from one neighbor to another too far in the territory, the density of the neighbor's MCT near the borders is maintained at a higher level, taking into account the biological equilibrium determined by the resulting equality of the distance of interpenetration of rocks into adjacent territories.

9. The more intensively the MCT grows, the less it is necessary to bring from outside and replace on the territory of purebred uterine breeding, because purebred drones themselves displace outbred from the uterus of the territory, the cost of the breeding material and the laboriousness of replanting it determines the expediency of more intensive breeding of purebred drones. For this, a method of keeping father families is used. They take a strong family with a thoroughbred, albeit metalized, uterus and install in it a sufficient number of drone honeycombs or 2-3 store frames in the nest, which will prompt the bees to rebuild the drone honeycombs in the voids under these frames. Take into account the predisposition of bees to grow drone brood from spring in the pre-breeding and swarm period, to which the active phase of the action of the MCT in the territory is timed. Caring for paternal families is carried out without neglect so far generally accepted for drones.

10. Without surveillance, there is no control. Everything that happens with the bee breed in the territory as a result of the implementation of certain separate methods and the use of certain devices in the development of this method is observed using the express analysis of morphological signs of the breed of offspring of purebred queens planted in bee families in the territory of infertile, t .e. test uterus method.

11. As a result of the programming process of purebred infertile queens, planted or raised in the territory by the time interval of the active phase of the MCT, the offspring of these queens have a variety of breed variety in both these purebred and outbred drones of the territory. To determine the proportions of purebred and outbred drones in the background of the drones of the territory after a time sufficient so that no offspring of the previous uterus are left in the family, bee samples are taken from families with corresponding purebred uterus in such different places of the territory to get an idea of the distribution of the relative intensity of purebred and outbred drones in the territory, taking into account the possibility of identifying sources of local outbred metalization.

12. To determine the ratio of the purebred and outbred share in the background of drones in the territory in the passive phase of the UMT action in bee colonies in such places of the territory where the sources of metalization appear, nuclei with a purebred infertile uterus are installed to refine them (or such a uterus is planted in bee colonies in these places), after insemination of which they take samples of their offspring to conduct an express analysis and to identify the ratio of drones in a passive background in these places of the territory.

13. Survey monitoring of the state of the bee breed in the territory is carried out using photo-video scanning equipment (for example, photographing) with digital recording of data on computer media, followed by remote transmission via communication channels and inputting into the computer a generalization point for territorial analysis of the breed for express morphological analysis pedigree signs with the help of a human-machine automated system recognizing the breed.

14. All specific places and numbers of substitutions of uterus for purebred and breeding of purebred drones, as well as all the results of all rapid analyzes of the active, passive phases and surveys, indicating the corresponding time points and with reference to specific places of the territory, are marked on a geographical physical map annually reprinted . At the same time, in the section "conventions", in addition to the usual information, time diagrams of the phases of the existence and operation of the MRT and CMC are also given.

15. The Internet is a means of business communication, without which it is now difficult to imagine many areas of interaction between geographically separated people who are in need and striving for prompt communication. The issue of the breed in beekeeping, thanks to the widespread social and social essence of bees in terms of coordinating all interactions for managing breeds, especially in adjacent territories, is very beneficial with the use of the Internet. In www the Internet, a point for generalizing the territorial analysis of the breed creates and maintains a site for its territory, which is based on a map of the breed status of the territory. In addition, announcements, conferences and agreed action plans for a unified programming technology for the territorial bees of the current beekeeping season and draft prospects are posted on the territory’s website.

16. Moving the delicate and vulnerable breeding material of bees, especially when it comes to brood in the early stages (eggs, larvae), requires such a thorough equipment of this process that it translates into special equipment and technology for its use. This is, in general, what is called a "work box", but in connection with a more complete set of quantitative requirements for it, it has acquired new qualitative properties, including:

- placement during normal life of the transport family-educator, necessary for the painless continuous and full-fledged upbringing of 30-60 uterine larvae for 1-2 days;

- placement of feed and water;

- placement of vaccination frames;

- protection against arbitrary exit of bees.

17. The transportation family is a uterine-free cut-off from the kindergarten-family prepared in the apiary to receive the vaccination frames for the breeding brood brood transported from the breeding bee-reproducer. Such pedigree beekeeping in the territory is the Tribal BeeFarm (PPF).

18. Since, with a sufficient predominance of purebred drone, the purebred infertile uterus and local uterus planted on the territory become completely purebred, they are detected by checking for cleanliness by rapid analysis of morphological signs of breed by progeny and selection for reproduction is carried out using special selection methods using documentation for appraisal of bee families.

19. If necessary, increase the relative density of purebred drones in a particular place of the territory in bee families of this place, provided that the uterus in the family is purebred, even if metalized, put a drilled wax and prompt the family to lay a drone brood and raise drones.

20. To obtain the effects of heterosis from pedigree beekeeping, purebred infertile queens are obtained separately for the formation of the MCT and then for the formation of the CFM, which is done as when the establishment of the active phase of the MCT was established on the territory of the breed. The progress of programming of the uterus is monitored. Pairs of pedigree varieties of purebred queens and drones are selected so that when they alternate each year to receive the effect of heterosis such as "father-mother" and "mother-father".

21. Tribal beekeeping produces purebred material, so selected that the necessary variety of the artificial local population is provided in the set of purebred drones of the territory.

22. Verification of the breed of bees bred in the territory for commercial production of bees does not require knowledge of the breed larger than the PPF serving this territory knows and controls. Therefore, control on the territory is quite sufficient as part of the verification of the establishment of the pedigree species of bees, which is set for this entire territory and is carried out only for technological purposes, since it is not permissible for anyone to engage in independent "superterritorial" selection on the territory, because this is a violation of a unified technology and this will necessarily entail a marriage in the form of some kind of uncontrolled metalization. In addition, a correspondingly simplified version of rock control by only verifying what happened with the standard greatly simplifies all control methods, tools and processes, which is certainly advisable and profitable for production (and not for scientific) purposes.

23. PPF issues purebred breeding material to the territory, respectively, selected and provided with the necessary documentation.

24. The preservation of local populations with a substantially intense impact on all aboriginal bees of a given area by drones of an artificially selected breed of bees installed in this area is necessary and possible if the biological balance of the drones of this area and the drones of the indigenous bee population located in neighboring areas is maintained. To find out the norms of biological equilibrium, the breed of bees is controlled by the method of "test queens", which are planted in bee colonies in the territory and in adjacent indigenous areas at a distance of one-year step of natural migration of bees: 15 km.

25. The most real danger is the breeding of "zoo" bees that survive through feeding, heating, intensive treatment, etc. Bees are precisely those that are especially useful to humans, as long as they can get so much food for themselves that its surpluses amount to thousands of tons! prepared food, from beginning to end produced by these incomparable toilers. Zoo bees are just a demonstration of such a miracle to the not-so-distant descendants. To prevent this from happening, all bees bred using the proposed method are tested for their survivability without any additional feeding, heating, or intensive treatment, as Natural Selection would do.

26. Dangers such as the so-called "Africanized" bees, which have already arrived from Brazil to Mexico in half a century and are about to be expected in Europe, kill so far only a few people a year, but ... beekeeping there has been significantly reduced and complicated. If the proposed method really has some opportunities to effectively establish and even change the breed of bees in the territory, then first of all they take care that this effective process does not turn out to be one-sided and irreversible. To do this, all varieties of bee breeds established on the territory of the proposed method are pre-tested in an isolated area where a complete replacement of the breed of bee breeds is possible.

Claims (24)

1. A method for programming territorial bee breeds in non-isolated adjacent territories of different honey bee genotypes, including replacing the queen bees in bee colonies of this territory with purebred breeding infertile, characterized in that first, in part of the territory bee families, the queens are replaced with purebred infertile ones for purebred breeding drones (an array of purebred drones - MST), while the prevalence of purebred drones in the territory prevails over the withdrawal of drones in families with non-replaced uterus; in the next season, queens are replaced by purebred infertile in the remaining outbred families, thereby creating purebred queens (contingent of purebred queens - CFM), followed by massive, local, natural mating - the main contingent of purebred infertile queens with the corresponding purebred drones, the number of which prevails the time of the active phase of their action, and in the passive phase, the presence of drones is maintained at the level of biological equilibrium. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the purebred uterus is grown in ordinary families of bees of the territory from a brood of purebred queens, planted in these families in the early stages of development of this brood. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spatial distribution and distribution of the MRI in the territory is carried out taking into account the places of the drones search by the QMF queen, designed to mate them with these drones. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the moments of readiness of the MChT and the corresponding at the location of the MFC for pairing are synchronized in time of the active phase of the action of the MCH and the MCH. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the active phases of the action of MChT and MFC are separated in time in compliance with a more appropriate and mutually agreed sequence. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the passive phases of the action of MCT of different breeds are maintained in the ratio of biological equilibrium. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the paternal families of bees with a purebred, albeit meticulous, uterus are used. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the state of the MCT is monitored on the basis of the "test uterus" method, which is used as a QCM, and separately planted purebred infertile queens. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they control the effectiveness of the MCT in the active phase of its action on the offspring of the MFC territory. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the MCT is monitored in the passive phase of its action in the territories by a special transplant for this purebred infertile uterus there and when necessary, followed by an express analysis of the morphological signs of the breed of the offspring of these uterus. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the territory they conduct a surveillance control by selecting the offspring of the uterus of the territory without reference to apiaries and the basics of the action of the MRT with the express analysis of morphological signs of pedigree on a computer with data input using video scanning equipment and with the possibility of transmission these data via communication channels to the point of generalization of the territorial analysis of the breed. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that at the point of generalizing the territorial analysis of the breed, a map of the breed condition of the bees in the territory is compiled and maintained according to the results of monitoring the active and passive phases of the action of the MCT taking into account the monitoring of the dynamics of the breed of bees in the territory and taking into account the life expectancy drones in the passive phase. 13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that due to the feedback of the points of territorial samples with the points of generalization of the territorial analysis of the breed, the Internet is used for remote coordination of all technological sites dispersed in the territory and for work on a single technology of the method. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for transporting brood of queens from parental bee colonies and replanting broods to the intended bee colonies dispersed throughout the territory, a brood transport hive is used. 15. The method according to 14, characterized in that during transportation of the brood of purebred queen bees between the parent and bee families intended for each queen, distributed throughout the territory, a bee colony is used. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that pure-bred fetal queens are revealed in beekeeping farms by express analysis of morphological signs of breed species of working bee samples of their offspring. 17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the places of the territory where the control reveals the insufficiency of the MRI, an operative local correction of the MRI in its passive phase is carried out by increasing the number and productivity of the father's bee families in this place of the territory. 18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to obtain the effects of heterosis in the territory, certain combinations and alternation of varieties of heredity of CCM and CCM are established. 19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, taking into account the biological phenomenon of uterine polyandry, the necessary genetic diversity of a locally artificially created local population of bees in the territory is determined by the variety of hereditary brood of purebred queens supplied to the territory for the formation of MCH and CCM. 20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they control the MCT within the limits of checking the degree of compliance of the signs of heredity of bees observed in the territory with the characteristics specified for establishing breeds in this territory, which are used as reference in the analysis. 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the MChT and CCM are bred from non-closely related purebred fetal queens. 22. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they saturate the background of the drones of the surrounding territories with drones of the local populations to the state of biological equilibrium of this background with the background of the MST of the territory in the passive phase. 23. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that all combinations of heredity imparted by the MChT and KChM, pre-tested "survivability" in vivo. 24. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they carry out a preliminary check of all combinations of heredity of the MCT in an isolated area from which the uncontrolled distribution of the breed is prevented, where a complete replacement of the breed of the bee is possible.