CN114403053A - Efficient Chinese bee breeding device and breeding method - Google Patents
Efficient Chinese bee breeding device and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114403053A CN114403053A CN202111574755.9A CN202111574755A CN114403053A CN 114403053 A CN114403053 A CN 114403053A CN 202111574755 A CN202111574755 A CN 202111574755A CN 114403053 A CN114403053 A CN 114403053A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K49/00—Rearing-boxes; Queen transporting or introducing cages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K53/00—Feeding or drinking appliances for bees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese bee efficient breeding device and a breeding method, and relates to the technical field of artificial breeding of bees. The method comprises the steps of queen bee breeding population selection, queen bee platform preparation, transfer-free queen bee breeding, queen bee feeding, rapid breeding and the like, and meanwhile, the quality of queen bees is improved and the breeding is promoted by arranging an efficient breeding device and adopting a mode of directly supplementing feeding and pheromone from the outside. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, by feeding queen bee larvae with Italian bee royal jelly, the quality of a new queen bee is improved by utilizing nutritional hybridization, larva pheromone and pupa pheromone are appropriately supplemented in the breeding process, the temperature of a nest box is effectively adjusted, the collection and feeding efficiency of worker bees and the spawning efficiency of the queen bee are improved, thereby promoting the breeding of bee colonies, further improving the honey yield and pollination efficiency of Chinese bees, and laying a foundation for increasing the production and income of beekeepers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial breeding of bees, in particular to a Chinese bee efficient breeding device and a breeding method.
Background
The Chinese bees are subspecies of the eastern bees, belong to a unique Chinese bee variety, have the characteristics of strong adaptability, low temperature resistance, rapid flying, sensitive smell, early work of worker bees, late work of workers, long effective collection time, being good at utilizing sporadically dispersed honey powder sources, short wintering period, low overwintering feed consumption and the like, are co-evolved with local plants, are mutually adaptive, can also come out of a nest in light rain, foggy days and low-temperature weather of 7 ℃, and have the extent and depth of pollination incomparable with other insects, so the Chinese bees become indispensable pollination insects for various angiosperms in China, particularly for the plants which bloom in early spring, late autumn and winter.
The honey yield, the plasma bleeding and the egg laying capacity of the Chinese bees are far inferior to those of western bees, and the Chinese bees are easy to be frightened, separated and fly to escape so as to maintain strong colonies. The existing mode of breeding queen bees is that the queen bees are bred naturally after artificial larva transfer and queen bee breeding, so that the efficiency of queen bee oviposition and bee colony breeding cannot be effectively promoted, and certain trouble is brought to actual Chinese bee breeding. Therefore, in order to improve the utilization rate of Chinese bees and the germ plasm resource protection, a breeding device which accords with the biological characteristics of the Chinese bees is researched, the efficient breeding is realized, and the method is a necessary measure for protecting the germ plasm resource of the Chinese bees.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency Chinese bee breeding device and a breeding method, which are characterized in that the queen bee larvae are fed with high-yield Italian bee royal jelly, so that nutrition hybridization is realized, the spawning capacity of a new queen bee is improved, larva pheromones and pupa pheromones are introduced in the breeding process, the feeding efficiency of worker bees on the queen bee can be effectively improved, the appropriate environment of a bee colony is ensured, and the spawning of the queen bee and the breeding of the bee colony are effectively promoted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a Chinese bee high-efficiency breeding device comprises a breeding box, a breeding chamber and a feeding chamber, wherein the breeding chamber and the feeding chamber are arranged in the breeding box, the bottom of the breeding box is provided with a layer of layered plate, the left side of the upper end of the layered plate is provided with a separating plate, the left side of the separating plate is provided with the feeding chamber, the right side of the separating plate is provided with the breeding chamber, the upper end of the breeding box is provided with a box cover, a nest door is arranged on one side wall of the junction of the breeding chamber and the layered plate, a separating device is arranged between the upper end of the separating plate and the top of the breeding box, the upper end of the interior of the feeding chamber is provided with a feeding device, one side of the feeding device is provided with a feeding pipe which communicates the interior and the exterior of the feeding chamber, the lower end of the feeding pipe is positioned in the feeding chamber and is connected with a sponge head, the lower end of the feeding chamber is provided with a U-shaped pipe, the two ends of the U-shaped pipe have height difference, the lower end of the U-shaped pipe is arranged outside of the feeding chamber, the U-shaped pipe is arranged in the feeding chamber, the drowning prevention facility is arranged at the opening part at the higher end of the U-shaped pipe, the ventilation device is arranged below the layered plate at the bottom of the feeding chamber, and the bottom of the breeding chamber is communicated with the ventilation device below through the breathable net layer arranged on the layered plate.
Preferably, the separator is including separating the king's otter board and separating the baffle that the king's otter board upper end set up, it inserts through breeding the roof portion and breeds incasement portion and be connected with the division board top to separate the king's otter board lower extreme, and the baffle is connected with breeding roof board upper end, the division board right-hand member is provided with temperature-sensing ware and humidity inductor.
Preferably, ventilation unit is including breeding the fan that the right side wall in layer board below of bottom of the case portion set up and breeding the atomizing pipe that incasement portion set up, set up a plurality of atomizer on the atomizing pipe, and breed bottom of the case portion lower end and be provided with the water-collecting box, water-collecting box upper end is through permeating water stratum reticulare and breeding the case and communicate mutually, and water-collecting box bottom is provided with the mouth that falls into the water, the layer board lower extreme is provided with the hang plate of slope to the right side, and the hang plate sets up in ventilative stratum reticulare right-hand member.
Preferably, feeding device is including breeding the feed tank that the case upper end set up and breeding the unloading post that the incasement portion set up, be linked together through the control valve between unloading post and the feed tank, and the feed tank outside sets up the one deck heat preservation, stock column bottom is linked together with the inside box top of feeding room.
Preferably, a layer of suspension screen plate is arranged above the feeding box, and the suspension screen plate is suspended above the honey water in the feeding box.
Preferably, prevent drowned facility includes the inboard round guard plate that sets up all around of the floating plate that U type pipe inside set up and the higher end top opening of U type pipe, floating plate and U type intraductal wall sliding connection, and floating plate upper end central authorities set up a plurality of mouths of wading, and the floating plate lower extreme sets up the one deck foam blanket that floats all around.
The efficient breeding method comprises the following steps:
selecting a queen breeding population: selecting 1 case of high-yield stable-yield strong queen bee and strong bee colony with male spleen from Chinese bee colony as queen bee breeding colony about one week before the arrival of a large honey flow period, and if sufficient feed is left in the case, supplementing and feeding compound honey water, continuously feeding for 4-5 nights, and simultaneously adding bee pollen manually;
preparing a queen cell: spraying sugar water on the artificial honeycomb, placing the artificial honeycomb in the bee colony of the Chinese bees in the step I, cleaning the artificial bee for 12-24 hours, and manufacturing a single queen bee platform used by the larva-transfer-free breeding queen bee by adopting beewax of the Chinese bees;
③ the larva transfer free and the queen breeding: sleeving the queen bee platform in the second step into a honeycomb of the artificial honeycomb, covering a cover plate, closing the queen bee in the second step by adopting a queen bee cage for 1-2 days, limiting the queen bee on the artificial honeycomb, placing the queen bee in the bee colony for oviposition, and ovipositing for 24-36 hours;
feeding the apis cerana queen insects by the aid of the following steps: taking out the queen bee platform with eggs, placing the queen bee platform in a queen bee breeding frame, inserting the queen bee platform into a healthy queen bee rearing group, feeding larvae in the queen bee platform by means of worker bees of the queen bee so that the queen bee obtains enough royal jelly, moving the queen bee into the original queen bee rearing group after 2-3d, and continuing hatching until a cover is closed;
fifthly, cross-talk organization: extracting healthy and disease-free bee spleen tissue with cap from each strong colony, inducing the bee spleen tissue with cap into the new queen bee, and mating with male bee;
sixthly, breeding: after the cultured new queen bee lays eggs, the new queen bee with more eggs and large spawning circle is selected to be placed in a breeding box, a cover spleen is supplemented to be sealed, the suitable temperature and humidity in the breeding box are ensured, the compound honey water is added every evening for rewarding and feeding, and meanwhile, larva pheromones and pupa pheromones are added, so that the queen bee quickly develops into a strong colony.
Preferably, the sugar water sprayed in the second step is prepared by mixing white sugar and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.
Preferably, in the step sixthly, the temperature in the breeding box is kept at 30-35 ℃, the humidity is 70-85%, the amount of the honey water supplement is 200-250ml per day, the amount of the pheromone supplement is 0.1-0.3ml per day, the larva pheromone is supplemented before the cap is closed, and the pupa pheromone is supplemented after the cap is closed.
Preferably, the compound honey water comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of honey, 2 parts of white granulated sugar, 4 parts of carrot juice, 1 part of glucose, 0.1 part of salt and 4 parts of clear water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a Chinese bee efficient breeding device and a breeding method, and the Chinese bee efficient breeding device and the breeding method have the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the characteristic of high bee milk yield of the Italian bees, the Apis cerana royal jelly is used for feeding the Apis cerana queen by the Italian bees, so that the egg laying efficiency of the artificially cultured Apis cerana queen is improved, the breeding period of the Apis cerana queen is prolonged, and the economic benefits of egg laying of the Apis cerana queen and bee colony breeding are improved;
2. the enthusiasm of worker bees is adjusted by supplementing pheromones to the breeding box in the breeding process, so that the worker bees are actively fed with queen bees and the combs are arranged, meanwhile, the pupa pheromones stimulate the bees to gather, a comfortable and warm environment in the breeding box is kept, and the breeding of bee colonies is further promoted;
3. feeding device and U type pipe and filling tube in the breeding case that this application set up need not to open and breeds the case and directly add sufficient food, water and pheromone from the outside to breeding the case, reduce the influence of tradition repayment in-process to the bee colony, promote the ovipositic stability of queen bee, be convenient for simultaneously control breed the temperature and humidity in the case, keep the suitable environment that the bee colony breeds, further improve bee colony and breed efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cross section of a breeding box according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the partitioning device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the ventilating device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the drowning prevention facility of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the feeding device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a breeding box; 2. a feeding room; 3. a breeding room; 4. a box cover; 5. a nest door; 6. a ventilation device; 7. a partition plate; 8. a partitioning means; 9. a feeding device; 10. a U-shaped pipe; 11. anti-drowning facilities; 12. a laminate; 13. a baffle plate; 14. separating a queen bee net plate; 15. a temperature sensor; 16. a humidity sensor; 17. an atomizing tube; 18. an atomizing spray head; 19. a breathable net layer; 20. an inclined plate; 21. a fan; 22. a water permeable mesh layer; 23. a water collection box; 24. a water falling port; 25. a floating plate; 26. a wading port; 27. a protection plate; 28. a floating foam layer; 29. a feed tank; 30. a heat-insulating layer; 31. a control valve; 32. blanking the column; 33. a feeding box; 34. suspending the screen plate; 35. a feed tube; 36. a sponge head.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-5, a device is bred to chinese bee high efficiency, breeds the room 3 and the room 2 of feeding of breeding of 1 inside settings of case including breeding case 1, its characterized in that: the bottom of the breeding box 1 is provided with a layer of layer-dividing plate 12, the left side of the upper end of the layer-dividing plate 12 is provided with a separation plate 7, the left side of the separation plate 7 is provided with a feeding room 2, the right side of the separation plate 7 is provided with a breeding room 3, the upper end of the breeding box 1 is provided with a box cover 4, a side wall of the junction of the breeding room 3 and the layer-dividing plate 12 is provided with a nest door 5, a separation device 8 is arranged between the upper end of the separation plate 7 and the top of the breeding box 1, the upper end of the interior of the feeding room 2 is provided with a feeding device 9, one side of the feeding device 9 is provided with a feeding pipe 35 communicating the interior and the exterior of the feeding room 2, the lower end of the feeding pipe 35 is positioned inside the feeding room 2 and is connected with a sponge head 36, the lower end of the feeding room 2 is provided with a U-shaped pipe 10, the two ends of the U-shaped pipe 10 have height difference, the lower end of the U-shaped pipe 10 is arranged outside the feeding room 2, the higher end of the U-shaped pipe 10 is arranged inside the feeding room 2, an anti-drowning facility 11 is arranged at the opening at the higher end of the U-shaped pipe 10, a ventilation device 6 is arranged below a layered plate 12 at the bottom of the feeding room 2, and the bottom of the breeding room 3 is communicated with the ventilation device 6 below through a breathable net layer 19 arranged on the layered plate 12.
In order to conveniently restrict the queen bee, simultaneously be convenient for business bee's business turn over and feed to further monitor and breed the humiture in the case 1, it is preferred that separator 8 includes separates the queen bee otter board 14 and separates the baffle 13 that the queen bee otter board 14 upper end set up, it passes breeds the case 1 top and inserts to separate the queen bee board 14 lower extreme and breeds the case 1 inside and be connected with division board 7 top, and baffle 13 with breed case 1 roof upper end and be connected, division board 7 right-hand member is provided with temperature-sensing ware 15 and humidity inductor 16.
In order to conveniently atomize water with different temperatures, atomized steam with a certain temperature is brought into the breeding box 1 through air flow, so as to ensure the temperature and humidity in the breeding box 1, preferably, the ventilation device 6 comprises a fan 21 arranged on the right side wall below the layered plate at the bottom of the breeding box 1 and an atomizing pipe 17 arranged inside the breeding box 1, the atomizing pipe 17 is provided with a plurality of atomizing nozzles 18, the lower end of the bottom of the breeding box 1 is provided with a water collecting box 23, the upper end of the water collecting box 23 is communicated with the breeding box 1 through a water permeable net layer 22, the bottom of the water collecting box 23 is provided with a water falling port 24, the lower end of the layered plate 12 is provided with an inclined plate 20 inclined to the right, and the inclined plate 20 is arranged at the right end of the air permeable net layer 19.
In order to conveniently and directly add supplementary feeding honey water outside and prevent interference to bees when the box cover 4 is opened and closed during supplementary feeding, preferably, the feeding device 9 comprises a feeding tank 29 arranged at the upper end of the breeding box 1 and a discharging column 32 arranged inside the breeding box 1, the discharging column 32 is communicated with the feeding tank 29 through a control valve 31, a heat-insulating layer 30 is arranged outside the feeding tank 29, and the bottom of the material storage column 32 is communicated with the upper part of a feeding box 33 inside the feeding chamber 2.
In order to prevent the bees from drowning when the bees take food, preferably, a layer of suspension mesh plate 34 is arranged above the feeding box 33, and the suspension mesh plate 34 is suspended above the honey water in the feeding box 33.
In order to prevent that worker bee from causing drowning at the drinking water in-process, promote the security of breeding, preferentially, prevent drowned facility 11 and include the inboard round guard plate 27 that sets up all around of the inside floating plate 25 that sets up of U type pipe 10 and the higher end top opening of U type pipe 10, floating plate 25 and U type pipe 10 inner wall sliding connection, and floating plate 25 upper end central authorities set up a plurality of mouths of wading 26, and floating plate 25 lower extreme sets up the unsteady foam blanket 28 of one deck all around.
Example 2:
preparing compound honey: according to the parts by weight: 10 parts of honey, 2 parts of white granulated sugar, 4 parts of carrot juice, 1 part of glucose, 0.1 part of salt and 4 parts of clear water, and mixing and stirring uniformly to prepare the compound honey water.
The efficient Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
selecting a queen breeding population: selecting 1 case of high-yield stable-yield strong queen bee and strong bee spleen-made strong colony from Chinese bee colony as queen bee breeding colony about one week before the arrival of a big honey flow period, and if the queen bee colony is insufficient, reserving enough feed in the case, supplementing and feeding compound honey, continuously feeding for 4-5 nights, and simultaneously adding bee pollen manually;
preparing a queen cell: spraying artificial honeycomb with sugar water prepared by mixing white sugar and water at a mass ratio of 1: 2, placing the artificial honeycomb in the Chinese bee colony in the step I to clean the artificial bee for 12-24h, and preparing a single queen cell used by the larva-free breeding queen bee by adopting beewax of the Chinese bee;
③ the larva transfer free and the queen breeding: sleeving the queen bee platform in the second step into a honeycomb of the artificial honeycomb, covering a cover plate, closing the queen bee in the second step by adopting a queen bee cage for 1-2 days, limiting the queen bee on the artificial honeycomb, placing the queen bee in the bee colony for oviposition, and ovipositing for 24-36 hours;
feeding the apis cerana queen insects by the aid of the following steps: taking out the queen bee platform with the eggs, putting the queen bee platform into a queen bee breeding frame and inserting the queen bee platform into the queen bee strong group, feeding larvae in the queen bee platform by means of worker bees of the queen bee so that the queen bee obtains enough royal jelly, moving the queen bee into the original queen bee breeding group after 2-3d, and continuing hatching until the queen bee is sealed;
fifthly, cross-talk organization: extracting healthy and disease-free bee spleen tissue copulation groups with bees and capping seeds from each strong group, inducing the newly bred queen bees to mate with the male bees;
sixthly, breeding: adding 1-2 cover-sealed spleens into a breeding chamber 3 in the breeding box, simultaneously adopting a ventilation device (6) to ensure that the temperature in the breeding box is 30-35 ℃, the humidity is 70-85 percent and the clear water is sufficient, adding 250ml of compound honey water through a feeding device 9 every evening for feeding, simultaneously adding 0.1-0.3ml of larva pheromone or pupa pheromone into the breeding box through a feeding pipe 35 during feeding, so that the queen bee pheromone is dripped on a sponge head 36 for volatilization, the supplemented pheromone before the cover sealing is the larva pheromone, the supplemented pheromone after the cover sealing is the pupa pheromone, and adding empty spleens at any time according to the growth condition of bee colonies.
Comparative example 1:
the Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
selecting a queen breeding population: selecting 1 case of high and stable yield, robust queen and strong bee spleen in Chinese bee colony as queen breeding colony about one week before the arrival of the big honey flow period, and if sufficient feed is left in the case, feeding composite honey water continuously for 4-5 nights, and meanwhile, manually adding bee pollen for feeding;
preparing a queen cell: spraying artificial honeycomb with sugar water prepared by mixing white sugar and water at a mass ratio of 1: 2, placing the artificial honeycomb in the swarm of the Chinese bees in the step I to clean the industrial bees for 12-24h, and then preparing a single queen cell used by the larva-free breeding queen bee by adopting beewax of the Chinese bees;
③ the larva transfer free and the queen breeding: sleeving the queen bee platform in the second step into a honeycomb of the artificial honeycomb, covering a cover plate, closing the queen bee in the second step by adopting a queen bee cage for 1-2 days, limiting the queen bee on the artificial honeycomb, placing the queen bee in the bee colony for oviposition, and ovipositing for 24-36 hours;
feeding the queen bees: remaining the queen bee platform with the eggs in the Chinese bee colony for continuous hatching to ensure that the queen bee is fed by the worker bee of the Chinese bee, and manually obtaining new virgin queen bee after sealing;
fifthly, cross-talk organization: extracting healthy and disease-free bee spleen tissue copulation groups with bees and capping seeds from each strong group, inducing the newly bred queen bees to mate with the male bees;
sixthly, breeding: adding 1-2 cover-sealed spleens into a breeding chamber 3 in the breeding box, simultaneously adopting a ventilation device (6) to ensure that the temperature in the breeding box is 30-35 ℃, the humidity is 70-85 percent and the clear water is sufficient, adding 250ml of compound honey water through a feeding device 9 every evening for feeding, simultaneously adding 0.1-0.3ml of larva pheromone or pupa pheromone into the breeding box through a feeding pipe 35 during feeding, so that the queen bee pheromone is dripped on a sponge head 36 for volatilization, the supplemented pheromone before the cover sealing is the larva pheromone, and the supplemented pheromone after the cover sealing is the pupa pheromone.
Comparative example 2:
the Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
selecting a queen breeding population: selecting 1 case of high-yield stable-yield strong queen bee and strong bee spleen-made strong colony from Chinese bee colony as queen bee breeding colony about one week before the arrival of a big honey flow period, and if the queen bee colony is insufficient, reserving enough feed in the case, supplementing and feeding compound honey, continuously feeding for 4-5 nights, and simultaneously adding bee pollen manually;
preparing a queen cell: spraying artificial honeycomb with sugar water prepared by mixing white sugar and water at a mass ratio of 1: 2, placing the artificial honeycomb in the swarm of the Chinese bees in the step I to clean the industrial bees for 12-24h, and then preparing a single queen cell used by the larva-free breeding queen bee by adopting beewax of the Chinese bees;
③ the larva transfer free and the queen breeding: sleeving the queen bee platform in the second step into a honeycomb of the artificial honeycomb, covering a cover plate, closing the queen bee in the second step by adopting a queen bee cage for 1-2 days, limiting the queen bee on the artificial honeycomb, placing the queen bee in the bee colony for oviposition, and ovipositing for 24-36 hours;
feeding the apis cerana queen insects by the aid of the following steps: taking out the queen bee platform with the eggs, putting the queen bee platform into a queen bee breeding frame and inserting the queen bee platform into the queen bee strong group, feeding larvae in the queen bee platform by means of worker bees of the queen bee so that the queen bee obtains enough royal jelly, moving the queen bee into the original queen bee breeding group after 2-3d, and continuing hatching until the queen bee is sealed;
fifthly, cross-talk organization: extracting healthy and disease-free bee spleen tissue copulation groups with bees and capping seeds from each strong group, inducing the newly bred queen bees to mate with the male bees;
sixthly, breeding: 1-2 cover sealing spleens are added into a breeding chamber 3 in the breeding box, a ventilation device (6) is adopted to ensure that the temperature in the breeding box is 30-35 ℃, the humidity is 70-85 percent and the clear water is sufficient, and the feeding device 9 is used for adding 200 ml of compound honey and 250ml for feeding every evening.
Comparative example 3:
the Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
selecting a queen breeding population: selecting 1 case of high-yield stable-yield strong queen bee and strong bee colony with male spleen from Chinese bee colony as queen bee breeding colony about one week before the arrival of a large honey flow period, and if sufficient feed is left in the case, supplementing and feeding compound honey water, continuously feeding for 4-5 nights, and simultaneously adding bee pollen manually;
preparing a queen cell: spraying artificial honeycomb with sugar water prepared by mixing white sugar and water at a mass ratio of 1: 2, placing the artificial honeycomb in the swarm of the Chinese bees in the step I to clean the industrial bees for 12-24h, and then preparing a single queen cell used by the larva-free breeding queen bee by adopting beewax of the Chinese bees;
③ the larva transfer free and the queen breeding: sleeving the queen bee platform in the second step into a honeycomb of the artificial honeycomb, covering a cover plate, closing the queen bee in the second step by adopting a queen bee cage for 1-2 days, limiting the queen bee on the artificial honeycomb, placing the queen bee in the bee colony for oviposition, and ovipositing for 24-36 hours;
feeding the queen bees: remaining the queen bee platform with the eggs in the Chinese bee colony for continuous hatching to ensure that the queen bee is fed by the worker bee of the Chinese bee, and manually obtaining new virgin queen bee after sealing;
fifthly, cross-talk organization: extracting healthy and disease-free bee spleen tissue copulation groups with bees and capping seeds from each strong group, inducing the newly bred queen bees to mate with the male bees;
sixthly, breeding: adding 1-2 cover sealing spleens into the breeding chamber 3 in the breeding box, simultaneously adopting a ventilation device 6 to ensure that the temperature in the breeding box is 30-35 ℃, the humidity is 70-85 percent and the clear water is sufficient, adding 200 ml of compound honey and 250ml of compound honey through a feeding device 9 every evening for supplementing, and adding empty spleens in time according to the breeding condition.
Comparative example 4:
the Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
selecting a queen breeding population: selecting 1 case of high-yield stable-yield strong queen bee and strong bee colony with male spleen from Chinese bee colony as queen bee breeding colony about one week before the arrival of a large honey flow period, and if sufficient feed is left in the case, supplementing and feeding compound honey water, continuously feeding for 4-5 nights, and simultaneously adding bee pollen manually;
preparing a queen cell: spraying artificial honeycomb with sugar water prepared by mixing white sugar and water at a mass ratio of 1: 2, placing the artificial honeycomb in the Chinese bee colony obtained in the step I to clean the artificial bee for 12-24h, and preparing a single queen cell used by the larva-free breeding queen bee by using beewax of the Chinese bee;
③ the larva transfer free and the queen breeding: sleeving the queen bee platform in the second step into a honeycomb of the artificial honeycomb, covering a cover plate, closing the queen bee in the second step by adopting a queen bee cage for 1-2 days, limiting the queen bee on the artificial honeycomb, placing the queen bee in the bee colony for oviposition, and ovipositing for 24-36 hours;
feeding the apis cerana queen insects by the aid of the following steps: taking out the queen bee platform with the eggs, putting the queen bee platform into a queen bee breeding frame and inserting the queen bee platform into the queen bee strong group, feeding larvae in the queen bee platform by means of worker bees of the queen bee so that the queen bee obtains enough royal jelly, moving the queen bee into the original queen bee breeding group after 2-3d, and continuing hatching until the queen bee is sealed;
fifthly, cross-talk organization: extracting healthy and disease-free bee spleen tissue copulation groups with bees and capping seeds from each strong group, inducing the newly bred queen bees to mate with the male bees;
sixthly, breeding: 1-2 spleens are covered in the breeding chamber 3 in the breeding box, meanwhile, the ventilation device 6 is adopted to ensure that the temperature in the breeding box is 30-35 ℃, the humidity is 70-85 percent and the clear water is sufficient, and the breeding box is fed with 250ml of sugar water with the liquid-material ratio of 1: 1 through the feeding device 9 every evening, meanwhile, larva pheromone or 0.1-0.3ml of pupa pheromone is added into the breeding box through the feeding pipe 35 during feeding, so that the queen bee pheromone is dripped on the sponge head 36 to be volatilized, the pheromone supplemented before the cover is covered is the larva pheromone, and the pheromone supplemented after the cover is covered is the pupa pheromone.
Comparative example 5:
the Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
selecting a queen breeding population: selecting 1 case of high-yield stable-yield strong queen bee and strong bee colony with male spleen from Chinese bee colony as queen bee breeding colony about one week before the arrival of a large honey flow period, and if sufficient feed is left in the case, supplementing and feeding compound honey water, continuously feeding for 4-5 nights, and simultaneously adding bee pollen manually;
preparing a queen cell: spraying artificial honeycomb with sugar water prepared by mixing white sugar and water at a mass ratio of 1: 2, placing the artificial honeycomb in the swarm of the Chinese bees in the step I to clean the industrial bees for 12-24h, and then preparing a single queen cell used by the larva-free breeding queen bee by adopting beewax of the Chinese bees;
③ the larva transfer free and the queen breeding: sleeving the queen bee platform in the second step into a honeycomb of the artificial honeycomb, covering a cover plate, closing the queen bee in the second step by adopting a queen bee cage for 1-2 days, limiting the queen bee on the artificial honeycomb, placing the queen bee in the bee colony for oviposition, and ovipositing for 24-36 hours;
feeding the apis cerana queen insects by the aid of the following steps: taking out the queen bee platform with the eggs, putting the queen bee platform into a queen bee breeding frame and inserting the queen bee platform into the queen bee strong group, feeding larvae in the queen bee platform by means of worker bees of the queen bee so that the queen bee obtains enough royal jelly, moving the queen bee into the original queen bee breeding group after 2-3d, and continuing hatching until the queen bee is sealed;
fifthly, cross-talk organization: extracting healthy and disease-free bee spleen tissue copulation groups with bees and capping seeds from each strong group, inducing the newly bred queen bees to mate with the male bees;
sixthly, breeding: and (2) supplementing a cover spleen in the efficient breeding box, ensuring the temperature in the breeding box to be 30-35 ℃ and the humidity to be 70-85%, opening the breeding box every evening, adding 250ml of compound honey into the breeding box for supplementing, adding 0.1-0.3ml of larva pheromone or pupa pheromone, supplementing the larva pheromone before sealing the cover, and supplementing the pupa pheromone after sealing the cover.
And (3) detection:
the above example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were recorded every 15 days on a 15-day basis, wherein 28 to 30 days in 3 months are the first spawning time of each group of queen bees, and the number of spawning in 24 hours of the queen bees in the breeding method was as follows:
from the above table, in the breeding process of Chinese bees, enough royal jelly is supplemented to the queen bee larvae of the new generation in a nutritional hybridization way, so that the quality of the new queen bee can be effectively improved; the combination of larva pheromone and pupa pheromone with nutrition hybridization can promote Chinese bee breeding and extend the peak period of queen bee oviposition; the compound honey water can effectively supplement energy and nutrients, enhances the immunity of bee colonies, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and simultaneously, the device directly supplements water, food and pheromone from the outside, reduces the times of unpacking, reduces the interference to Chinese bees and is also favorable for the propagation of the Chinese bees.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device is bred to chinese bee high efficiency, breeds breeding room (3) and the room of feeding (2) that case (1) inside set up including breeding case (1), its characterized in that: the bottom of the breeding box (1) is provided with a layer of layered plate (12), the left side of the upper end of the layered plate (12) is provided with a partition plate (7), the left side of the partition plate (7) is provided with a feeding room (2), the right side of the partition plate (7) is provided with a breeding room (3), the upper end of the breeding box (1) is provided with a box cover (4), a side wall of the joint of the breeding room (3) and the layered plate (12) is provided with a nest door (5), a separating device (8) is arranged between the upper end of the partition plate (7) and the top of the breeding box (1), the upper end inside the feeding room (2) is provided with a feeding device (9), one side of the feeding device (9) is provided with a feeding pipe (35) communicating the inside and the outside of the feeding room (2), the lower end of the feeding pipe (35) is arranged inside the feeding room (2) and is connected with a sponge head (36), the lower end of the feeding room (2) is provided with a U-shaped pipe (10), there is the difference in height at U type pipe (10) both ends, and U type pipe (10) lower extreme sets up in feeding room (2) outside, and U type pipe (10) higher extreme sets up inside feeding room (2), U type pipe (10) higher extreme opening part is provided with prevents drowned facility (11), feeding room (2) bottom layering board (12) below is provided with ventilation unit (6), and ventilative stratum reticulare (19) that set up on layering board (12) of breeding room (3) bottom are linked together with ventilation unit (6) of below.
2. The efficient breeding device for the Chinese bees according to claim 1, wherein the separating device (8) comprises a queen bee separating plate (14) and a baffle plate (13) arranged at the upper end of the queen bee separating plate (14), the lower end of the queen bee separating plate (14) penetrates through the top of the breeding box (1) and is inserted into the breeding box (1) to be connected with the upper part of the separating plate (7), the baffle plate (13) is connected with the upper end of the top plate of the breeding box (1), and a temperature sensor (15) and a humidity sensor (16) are arranged at the right end of the separating plate (7).
3. The efficient Chinese bee breeding device according to claim 1, wherein a fan (21) is arranged on the right side wall below the layered plate at the bottom of the breeding box (1), and an atomizing pipe (17) is arranged inside the breeding box (1), a plurality of atomizing nozzles (18) are arranged on the atomizing pipe (17), a water collecting box (23) is arranged at the lower end of the bottom of the breeding box (1), the upper end of the water collecting box (23) is communicated with the breeding box (1) through a water permeable net layer (22), a water falling port (24) is arranged at the bottom of the water collecting box (23), an inclined plate (20) which is inclined to the right is arranged at the lower end of the layered plate (12), and the inclined plate (20) is arranged at the right end of the air permeable net layer (19).
4. The efficient Chinese bee breeding device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding device (9) comprises a feed tank (29) arranged at the upper end of the breeding box (1) and a feed column (32) arranged inside the breeding box (1), the feed column (32) is communicated with the feed tank (29) through a control valve (31), a layer of heat-insulating layer (30) is arranged outside the feed tank (29), and the bottom of the feed column (32) is communicated with the upper part of a feeding box (33) inside the feeding chamber (2).
5. The efficient Chinese bee breeding device according to claim 4, wherein a layer of suspension screen (34) is arranged above the feeding box (33), and the suspension screen (34) is suspended above the honey water in the feeding box (33).
6. The efficient Chinese bee breeding device according to claim 1, wherein the anti-drowning facility (11) comprises a floating plate (25) arranged inside the U-shaped pipe (10) and a circle of protective plates (27) arranged around the inner side of the top opening at the higher end of the U-shaped pipe (10), the floating plate (25) is connected with the inner wall of the U-shaped pipe (10) in a sliding manner, a plurality of wading ports (26) are arranged in the center of the upper end of the floating plate (25), and a floating foam layer (28) is arranged around the lower end of the floating plate (25).
7. An efficient breeding method of Chinese bees is characterized in that: the efficient breeding method comprises the following steps:
selecting a queen breeding population: selecting 1 case of high-yield stable-yield strong queen bee and strong bee colony with male spleen from Chinese bee colony as queen bee breeding colony about one week before the arrival of a large honey flow period, and if sufficient feed is left in the case, supplementing and feeding compound honey water, continuously feeding for 4-5 nights, and simultaneously adding bee pollen manually;
preparing a queen cell: spraying sugar water on the artificial honeycomb, placing the artificial honeycomb in the Chinese bee colony in the step I, cleaning the artificial bee for 12-24 hours, and manufacturing a single queen cell used by the larva-transfer-free breeding queen bee by adopting beewax of the Chinese bee;
③ the larva transfer free and the queen breeding: sleeving the queen bee platform in the second step into a honeycomb of the artificial honeycomb, covering a cover plate, closing the oviposition queen bee in the second step by adopting a queen bee cage for 1-2d, limiting the closed oviposition queen bee on the artificial honeycomb, placing the closed state queen bee in the bee colony for oviposition, and ovipositing for 24-36 h;
feeding the apis cerana queen insects by the aid of the following steps: taking out the queen bee platform which has spawned, placing the queen bee platform in a queen bee breeding frame, inserting the queen bee platform into a healthy queen bee strong group, feeding larvae in the queen bee platform by means of worker bees of the queen bee, enabling the queen bee to obtain enough queen bee milk, feeding for 2-3d, transferring the queen bee platform into the original queen bee breeding group, and continuing hatching until a cover is sealed;
fifthly, cross-talk organization: collecting healthy and disease-free bee spleens with bees and covers from each strong colony to form small copulation colony, inducing the new queen bee to mate with male bee;
sixthly, breeding: after the cultured new queen bee lays eggs, the new queen bee with more eggs and large spawning circle is selected to be placed in a breeding box, a cover spleen is supplemented to be sealed, the suitable temperature and humidity in the breeding box are ensured, the compound honey water is added every evening for rewarding and feeding, and meanwhile, larva pheromones and pupa pheromones are added, so that the queen bee quickly develops into a strong colony.
8. The efficient Chinese bee breeding method according to claim 7, wherein the sugar water sprayed in the second step is prepared by mixing white sugar and water in a mass ratio of 1: 2.
9. The efficient Chinese bee breeding method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature in the breeding box is maintained at 30-37 ℃, the humidity is 70-85%, the amount of honey water is 200-250ml per day, the amount of pheromone is 0.1-0.3ml, the larval pheromone is supplemented before the cap is closed, and the pupal pheromone is supplemented after the cap is closed.
10. The efficient Chinese bee breeding method according to claim 7, wherein the compound honey water comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of honey, 2 parts of white granulated sugar, 4 parts of carrot juice, 1 part of glucose, 0.1 part of salt and 4 parts of clear water.
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| CN115349464A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-18 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） | Supporting bee-keeping device of strong crowd is bred to high efficiency |
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