CN111149735A - Large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry - Google Patents
Large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry, which is characterized in that oyster oosperms with enough density are timely provided for larval fish with openings in the opening period as opening bait, so that most of larval fish can be smoothly opened in the opening period at the first time, high-density live bait is continuously kept in the larval fish development stage, all larval fish in the early stage of seedling cultivation are relatively synchronous, the individual difference among the same batch of larval fish is reduced as much as possible, the cannibalism is avoided, the number of emergence is greatly increased, the emergence rate is increased, the artificial large-scale cultivation of siganus oramin fry is finally realized, and a large number of high-quality healthy fries are provided for the siganus oramin cultivation industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry.
Background
Siganus oramin (Siganus oramin) is commonly called mud fierce, belongs to the family Siganus, Siganus and Siganus, is small-sized economic fish near shore, is widely distributed, and is distributed in east sea, south sea and Taiwan sea areas of China. The meat quality is tender, the taste is delicious, and the meat is deeply loved by consumers; due to the characteristic of food habit of food preference to phytophagy and preference to eating attached algae, the feed has the advantages of easy solution of feed sources, low breeding cost, strong disease resistance, capability of cleaning netting, short breeding period and the like. In recent years, siganus oramin is rapidly cultured, and the siganus oramin becomes one of new main-cultured and mixed-cultured omnivorous fishes in coastal seawater cage culture, has increasingly large market demand, and has great culture and development potential. However, the full-artificial large-scale breeding of siganus oramin has not made a substantial breakthrough, and at present, siganus oramin breeding seedlings are mainly directly captured from natural sea areas, the quantity and quality of the sigoramin breeding seedlings cannot meet the development of the breeding industry, and the problem of seedling shortage of the sigoramin breeding industry can be thoroughly solved only by breeding a large number of seedlings in a large scale through a full-artificial breeding technology.
In the traditional large-scale cultivation of siganus oramin fry, hatching of siganus oramin fertilized eggs is usually carried out in a hatching barrel, and the obtained fry is directly put into a seedling raising pond for cultivation. The siganus oramin fry is cultivated in a plurality of key periods, such as a membrane breaking period, an opening period, a wing collecting period, a scale period and the like, and particularly, the siganus oramin fry is the most critical, the lowest survival rate and the most influence on the number of finally successfully emerged fries in the opening period, especially, the siganus fry, which is the fish with small caliber, mature sperms and ova become fertilized ova after fertilization, the fertilized ova further develop into embryos, the embryos develop under the wrapping protection of the ootheca, the influence of the external environment is small, the quality difference among the fertilized ova in the same batch is not large, the quality of most fertilized ova is the same level, but the number of the fries at the final emergence only accounts for a very small part of the number of the fertilized ova, and most hatched fries cannot survive to the emergence specification.
Therefore, how to improve the emergence rate in the siganus oramin breeding process becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin seedlings, aiming at the problems of low emergence rate and the like in siganus oramin seedling cultivation.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching fertilized eggs of siganus oramin by using an outdoor hatching barrel to obtain larval fish;
s2, feeding oyster zygotes for the opening to eat after the larval fish opens in the outdoor incubation barrel, and keeping the density of the oyster zygotes in the water body of the outdoor incubation barrel at 100 plus 200 pieces/ml and the density of the larval fish at 2-5 tails/ml;
s3, transferring the larval fish in the outdoor hatching barrel together with water into a seedling raising bag in a seedling raising pool for cultivation 4-5 days after hatching; the seedling raising bag is impermeable, and the volume of the water in the seedling raising bag is 5-10m3The unicellular algae and the wheel are cultivated in the seedling growing bagThe density of the rotifers in the water body is 10-20/ml, and the density of the larval fish is 0.2-0.5/ml;
and S4, transferring the fry in the fry culture bag to a fry culture pond for outdoor pond ecological fry culture 8-10 days after hatching.
Further, the larval fish on day 3 after hatching had an opening; the oyster fertilized eggs are used as ready-prepared eggs in an artificial insemination mode, and are filtered by a barrier net made of a 500-mesh bolting silk during feeding.
Further, after feeding the oyster fertilized eggs, monitoring and comprehensively regulating and controlling the water quality; the monitoring and comprehensive regulation and control of the water quality are as follows: periodically and dynamically monitoring the water quality, stopping aeration when the transparency of the water quality in the outdoor hatching barrel is too low, stirring the water in the barrel body along one direction by adopting a sterilized rod, starting a drainage device after impurities are deposited at the bottom of the barrel body, discharging the impurities, and supplementing fresh seawater.
Further, the outdoor hatching barrel comprises a barrel body, the bottom surface of the barrel body is a conical surface, and a drainage device is arranged on the bottom surface of the barrel body; an air supply assembly for supplying air to the inner cavity of the barrel body is arranged in the barrel body; the side wall of the barrel body is provided with an insulating layer; the top end of the barrel body is provided with a lifting folding cover plate.
Furthermore, the drainage device comprises a water outlet arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the barrel body, a water outlet pipe connected with the water outlet and a control valve arranged on the water outlet pipe; the gas supply assembly comprises a gas stone and a gas pipe, the gas stone is located in the barrel body, the gas stone is connected with the gas pipe, the gas pipe extends out of the barrel body, and the gas pipe is connected with a gas source.
Further, the process of ecological breeding in the pond comprises the following steps:
(1) sterilizing the nursery pond;
(2) culturing bait organisms before the larval fish is put into a pond for culturing;
(3) putting the fry in the fry raising bags into a fry raising pond; artificial baits are put into the seedling raising pond to maintain the ecological balance of the seedling raising pond;
(4) 15-17 days after hatching, the larval fish finishes morphological development and enters a juvenile fish culture stage.
Further, the culture of the bait organisms is carried out according to the following steps: inoculating unicellular algae into the nursery pond, inflating by an aerator and an air pump in the nursery pond and irradiating by sunlight to quickly propagate the unicellular algae; inoculating rotifer 7 days later; and inoculating copepods when the density of the rotifers is remarkably increased.
Further, in the step (3), when the number of rotifers and copepods in the nursery pond reaches a peak value, feeding the larval fish in the nursery bag into the nursery pond, and putting artificial bait into the nursery pond; the bait comprises probiotics, eel meal and fermented small trash fish paste to form a microecological balance system mainly comprising probiotics, unicellular algae, rotifers and copepods.
Further, in the young fish culturing stage, powdery plecoglossus altivelis feed and powdery No. 0 shrimp feed are put into the breeding pond.
Further, before the juvenile fish is full of wings and transformed into juvenile fish, the pulling net is adopted for collection and distribution.
Further, step (5) is followed by: transferring to a young fish culture stage 28-30 days after incubation, fishing the young fish by using a pull net, transporting to a cement pond for specification division and temporary culture, and preparing for sale; and in the juvenile fish cultivation stage, floating feed and plant bait are put into the nursery pond.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the invention, oyster oosperms with enough density are timely provided for the larval fish with an opening in the opening stage as opening bait, so that most of the larval fish can be smoothly opened in the opening stage at the first time, and high-density live bait is continuously kept in the larval fish development stage, so that all larval fish in the early stage of seedling culture are relatively synchronously developed, individual differences among the same batch of seeds are reduced as much as possible, cannibalism is avoided, the seedling emergence number is greatly improved, the seedling emergence rate is improved, the artificial large-scale cultivation of the siganus oramin seeds is finally realized, and a large number of high-quality healthy seeds are provided for the siganus oramin cultivation.
The method is practical and feasible in production practice, saves people, time, labor, worry and money in the seedling cultivation process, can greatly reduce the seedling cultivation cost, ecologically and efficiently improves the quality and quantity of seedlings, and creates good economic benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an outdoor hatching barrel of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the water-saving type solar water heater comprises a barrel body, 2, a water outlet, 3, a water outlet pipe, 4, a control valve, 5, a gas stone, 6, a gas pipe, 7, a heat insulation layer, 8 and a lifting folding type cover plate.
Detailed Description
The raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field if not specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Unless otherwise defined, terms used in the present specification have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art, but in case of conflict, the definitions in the present specification shall control.
The use of "including," "comprising," "containing," "having," or other variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the non-exclusive inclusion, as such terms are not to be construed. The term "comprising" means that other steps and ingredients can be added that do not affect the end result. The term "comprising" also includes the terms "consisting of …" and "consisting essentially of …". The compositions and methods/processes of the present invention comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described herein.
All numbers or expressions referring to quantities of ingredients, process conditions, etc. used in the specification and claims are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term "about". All ranges directed to the same component or property are inclusive of the endpoints, and independently combinable. Because these ranges are continuous, they include every value between the minimum and maximum values. It should also be understood that any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges within that range.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally put in use of products of the present invention, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As described in the background art, the prior art has the problem that the emergence rate is not high in siganus oramin fry breeding, but the reason for the defect is not clear, and the inventor finds out through research that: in the initial stage, the fact that the fries cannot be opened synchronously is an important factor which causes the final emergence rate to be low, because the same batch of fertilized eggs hatch the fries and need to be opened to feed exogenous nutrition after the endogenous nutrition is absorbed, at the moment, the vitality of the fries is weak, if the palatable food supplement energy cannot be taken in time when the internal and external nutrition is connected in the initial stage, the opening of the fries is failed and the fries are stung and even starved to die, on the other hand, if the density of the opening bait which is palatable in the initial stage is not enough, the opening bait is just distributed around part of the fries in the initial stage to be opened successfully in time, the other part of the fries in the initial stage can be fed into the palatable bait opening after the opening bait which is not enough to swim for a period of time, each step of the fries in the subsequent growth and development of the fries which are opened first is slower and slower, the juvenile fish of the marine fish is generally carnivorous and eats live baits in the development period, and particularly after the marine fish is transformed into juvenile fish, the same species which are in slow development and are small in juvenile fish individuals can be regarded as palatable baits to be preyed on in a large amount, so that the small species which are in slow development and are even eating the same species which are small in individuals can be attacked by the fast development and the fast development, and the final emergence rate is greatly reduced. In the traditional siganus oramin fry breeding, fertilized eggs of siganus oramin are usually hatched in a hatching barrel, and the obtained fry are directly put into a seedling raising pond for breeding, so that the individual shedding periods of the fry are different, the individual difference among the fry in the same batch is large, the fry with the shed at the back is eliminated in the breeding process, and the final emergence quantity is not high and the emergence rate is low.
Based on the basis that the artificial propagation technology of siganus oramin is broken through in the early stage, the siganus oramin fry large-scale cultivation method obtains high-quality oosperms through artificial insemination, creatively enables the obtained fry to continue to be subjected to opening of the fry for initial hatching in the hatching barrel, transfers the fry in the hatching barrel together with water to a fry cultivation bag in a fry cultivation pond for cultivation after cultivation for a certain time, and finally puts the fry into the fry cultivation pond for cultivation; meanwhile, oyster oosperms with enough density are timely provided for the larval fish with the hatch in the hatch period as hatch bait, and high-density live bait is continuously kept in the larval fish development stage, so that all larval fish in the early stage of seedling culture are relatively synchronous in development, individual difference among the same batch of larval fish is reduced as much as possible, cannibalism is avoided, the number of seedlings is greatly increased, the rate of emergence is increased, artificial large-scale cultivation of the siganus oramin seedlings is finally realized, and a large number of high-quality healthy seedlings are provided for the siganus oramin cultivation industry.
And oyster oosperms with enough density are timely provided for the larval fish with the mouth opening in the mouth opening period as the mouth opening bait, so that most of the larval fish can be smoothly opened in the mouth opening period at the first time, high-density live baits are continuously kept in the larval fish development stage, all larval fish in the early stage of seedling culture are relatively synchronously developed, individual differences among the same batch of seeds are reduced as much as possible, cannibalism of the same species is avoided, the seedling emergence number is greatly improved, the seedling emergence rate is improved, finally, the large-scale artificial cultivation of the siganus oramin seeds is realized, and a large number of high-quality healthy seeds are provided for.
A large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching fertilized eggs of siganus oramin by using an outdoor hatching barrel to obtain larval fish;
s2, after the larval fish is opened in the outdoor incubation barrel, oyster zygotes are fed for the opening to eat, the density of the oyster zygotes in the water body of the outdoor incubation barrel is kept at 100 and 200/ml, and the density of the larval fish is 2-5 tails/ml;
s3, transferring the larval fish in the outdoor hatching barrel together with water into a seedling raising bag in a seedling raising pool for cultivation 4-5 days after hatching; the seedling raising bag is impermeable, and the volume of the water in the seedling raising bag is 5-10m3Unit cell algae and rotifers are cultivated in the seedling raising bags, the density of the rotifers in the water body is 10-20/ml, and the density of the fry is 0.2-0.5 tail/ml;
and S4, transferring the fry in the fry culture bag to a fry culture pond for outdoor pond ecological fry culture 8-10 days after hatching.
In the present invention, the method for obtaining fertilized eggs of siganus oramin is not particularly limited, and may be performed by methods known to those skilled in the art, and the method is not modified and will not be described herein again.
In the hatching process, the fertilized eggs of siganus oramin begin embryo development in an outdoor hatching barrel, generally, the fertilized eggs rupture membranes in the third day to form newly hatched fries, the fries grow out and split in the first day, and are fed for the first time, the period of sampling is needed in the whole hatching process to observe the development degree of the fries, and the opening time is accurately mastered.
According to research, the larval fish on the 3 rd day after hatching is opened; the mouth crack is very small when the mouth is opened, about 197.25 +/-75.51 microns, the fertilized eggs of the oysters are used as the opening bait, the diameter of the fertilized eggs is less than 120 microns, the vast majority of the larvae can be opened smoothly in the opening stage at the first time, after the opening stage of 1-2 days, the larvae develop further in 4-5 days, the mouth crack grows larger, about 250 +/-100 microns, more baits such as brachiarius pleionis commonly used for seawater fish seedling culture can be ingested, the mouth crack of the larvae grows through microscopic observation of sampling, when the fertilized eggs of the oysters are not palatable baits (the baits are too large or too small, the larvae cannot be ingested, the energy is small after ingestion, the energy consumption of ingestion activity is large, the calculation is not easy, and the larvae cannot be ingested) in the outdoor hatching barrel are transferred to the seedling culture bag in the seedling culture pond together with water for culture.
In the invention, the oyster fertilized eggs are used as ready-prepared eggs in an artificial insemination mode, and are filtered by a barrier net made of 500-mesh bolting silk during feeding so as to avoid influencing water quality.
According to the invention, the larval fish is directly opened in the outdoor hatching barrel, oyster oosperms with sufficient density are provided as opening bait, the small water body in the outdoor hatching barrel is easy to ensure the density of the opening bait, and the proper density of the opening bait is the key for successfully opening the larval fish which is hatched just before, so that the smooth opening of most of the larval fish in the opening period can be ensured at the first time.
According to the invention, by keeping the density of the oyster zygotes in the water body of the outdoor hatching barrel at 100-200/ml and the density of the larval fish at 2-5/ml, the oyster zygotes with sufficient density around the larval fish can be ensured when the larval fish is opened, and the survival rate is improved.
The inventor finds that the volume of the water body in the seedling raising bag is 5-10m in long-term seedling raising practice3The single-cell algae and the rotifers are cultured in the seedling raising bags, the density of the rotifers in the water body is 10-20/ml, the density of the larvae is 0.2-0.5 tail/ml, through the control, the high-density live baits can be kept in the development stage of the larvae, all the larvae are relatively synchronously developed at the early stage of seedling raising, the specifications are uniform, and the survival rate is high.
In the invention, after the oyster fertilized eggs are fed, the water quality is monitored and comprehensively regulated and controlled; the monitoring and comprehensive regulation and control of the water quality are as follows: periodically and dynamically monitoring the water quality, wherein when the transparency of the water quality in the outdoor hatching barrel is too low, the condition is mainly caused by impurities such as unfertilized oyster eggs, fertilized eggs of siganus oramin which cannot be hatched and is dead, egg membranes and the like left after hatching, when the condition is found, the barrel body is stopped to be inflated, sterilized rods are adopted to stir the water in the barrel body along one direction, and after the impurities are deposited at the bottom of the barrel body, a drainage device is started to discharge the impurities and supplement fresh seawater.
It should be noted that, before transferring the larval fish in the outdoor hatching barrel together with water into the seedling raising bag in the seedling raising pond for cultivation, the operation needs to be repeated to remove impurities so as to prevent the larval fish from entering the seedling raising bag to affect the water quality.
The sea fish oosperm is generally a floating oosperm, the density of the oosperm is less than that of the sea, the oosperm is suspended or floated in the sea, such as grouper, trachinotus ovatus, Pacific fishes and the like, the incubation of the floating oosperm is generally to hang a water-tight oosperm incubation net cage in a fry culture pond, the inside is inflated, the oosperm can be naturally dispersed and uniformly distributed in the incubation net cage, and oxygen deficiency can not be accumulated. The fertilized eggs of siganus oramin are the exception, the fertilized eggs have high density, are sinking in natural seawater and are sticky, and naturally sink to the bottom when no other objects can be adhered to the fertilized eggs. On the other hand, in order to cultivate the fries in a large scale, the hatching barrel needs to be arranged beside the outdoor nursery pond, so that the fry can be favorably poured into the nursery pond after hatching the opening. Therefore, based on the special properties of fertilized eggs of siganus oramin and outdoor conditions required by hatching, the inventor designs an outdoor hatching barrel suitable for siganus oramin through a large amount of research, is more suitable for outdoor scale reproduction, and is beneficial to improving the emergence rate of siganus oramin.
The outdoor hatching barrel comprises a barrel body, and the bottom surface of the barrel body is a conical surface. Specifically, the staving includes the upside and is columniform first staving and is located the second staving of first staving one end, the upper end opening of first staving, the second staving sets up and is the taper shape, puts at the central point of the one end of keeping away from first staving of second staving and forms the delivery port. In the invention, the barrel body is used as a container for hatching fertilized eggs of siganus oramin and is used for containing the fertilized eggs, seawater required for hatching and hatched larva fishes. According to the invention, the bottom surface of the barrel body is a conical surface, so that the deposition area of the bottom of the barrel body is reduced, fertilized eggs at the bottom are stirred conveniently by using smaller airflow, the deposition of the fertilized eggs at the bottom of the barrel body is reduced, and the improvement of the hatching rate is facilitated.
A drainage device is arranged on the bottom surface of the barrel body; specifically, the drainage device comprises a water outlet arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the barrel body, a water outlet pipe connected with the water outlet, and a control valve arranged on the water outlet pipe. According to the invention, the drainage device is arranged on the bottom surface of the barrel body, on one hand, impurities such as dead eggs and dead eggs of the dead eggs in the barrel body can be easily removed, so that water mold is not easy to breed, and a good incubation environment is created; on the other hand, the hatched fry can be automatically and quickly discharged, and the problems of complex operation, incomplete fishing, waste of manpower and time and the like in manual fishing of the fry are solved.
An air supply assembly for supplying air to the inner cavity of the barrel body is arranged in the barrel body; the gas supply assembly comprises a gas stone and a gas pipe, the gas stone is located in the barrel body, the gas stone is connected with the gas pipe, the gas pipe extends out of the barrel body, and the gas pipe is connected with a gas source.
In the invention, the gas supply assembly is arranged in the barrel body to provide sufficient oxygen for the barrel body, so that more fry can be cultivated in a smaller space by the barrel body; meanwhile, the fertilized eggs in the barrel body are automatically, quickly and continuously stirred under the action of the airflow, and the problem that the hatchability is influenced due to extrusion and oxygen deficiency of the fertilized eggs deposited at the bottom of the barrel body can be effectively avoided.
And a heat-insulating layer is arranged on the side wall of the barrel body. According to the invention, aiming at the problem that the outdoor temperature is greatly different in morning and evening and day and night, the heat-insulating layer is arranged on the side wall of the bucket body to prevent heat in the hatching bucket from being dissipated, keep the temperature in the hatching bucket constant and increase the heat-insulating effect, so that the method is suitable for hatching fertilized eggs of siganus oramin outdoors.
In the present invention, the material of the thermal insulation layer is not particularly limited, and the thermal insulation layer known to those skilled in the art can be selected and adjusted according to the actual production situation and the product requirement, and the thermal insulation layer can be, for example, a polyurethane foam thermal insulation material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient.
The top end of the barrel body is provided with a lifting folding cover plate. In the invention, the top end of the barrel body is creatively provided with the lifting folding type cover plate which can be lifted and folded; the cover plate can be lifted up in the daytime, rain can be kept off, air can be ventilated, and the cover plate is lowered down at night to form a warm shed for heat preservation.
In the invention, the specific structure of the lifting folding type cover plate is not particularly limited, the lifting folding type cover plate is a universal standard part or a part known by technicians in the field, the structure and the principle of the lifting folding type cover plate can be known by technicians through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods, and the technicians in the field can select and adjust the lifting folding type cover plate according to the actual production situation as long as the lifting folding effect of the cover plate is realized and the covering of the barrel body is flexibly realized. By way of example, the lift-fold cover may be an umbrella canopy.
The lower part of the barrel body is provided with a bracket.
The specific structure of the seedling raising bag is referred to a large-scale seedling raising and hatching net cage for marine fishes in CN 203435544U.
According to the invention, the hatched larval fish is continuously cultivated in the outdoor hatching barrel, the larval fish in the outdoor hatching barrel is transferred into the fry cultivating bag in the fry cultivating pond together with water after the larval fish passes through the hatch period for cultivation, when the larval fish has stronger swimming activity, the ingestion capability is enhanced, the mouth crack is grown to be capable of swallowing larger baits such as cladocerans, copepods and the like, at the moment, the fry cultivating bag is untied, and the larval fish is placed into the fry cultivating pond for pond ecological fry cultivation. The method is scientific, reasonable and efficient, and suitable baits are fed according to different development stages of the larval fish, so that the larval fish is prevented from entering a breeding pond to be cultivated and dying due to sinking under the condition of no active swimming capability, and the survival rate of the larval fish is improved.
The pond ecological breeding method has the characteristics that the natural ecological conditions meet the living environment requirements of larvae, larvae and juvenile fish, the natural bait organisms are rich in variety and comprehensive and balanced in nutrition, the size of the bait organisms is suitable for the selectivity of the larvae and juvenile fish in each development stage on the palatable bait for ingestion, the fry growth speed is high, the fry bodies are robust, large-scale production of large-size fries is facilitated, and the method is the optimal method for large-scale and industrial production of the fries.
In the invention, the process of ecological breeding of the pond comprises the following steps:
(1) sterilizing the nursery pond;
(2) culturing bait organisms before the larval fish is put into a pond for culturing;
(3) putting the fry in the fry raising bags into a fry raising pond; artificial baits are put into the seedling raising pond to maintain the ecological balance of the seedling raising pond;
(4) 15-17 days after hatching, the larval fish finishes morphological development and enters a juvenile fish culture stage.
In the step (1), the method for sterilizing the nursery pond in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be performed by a method known to those skilled in the art.
In the step (2), the culture of the bait organisms is operated according to the following steps: and inoculating and culturing the unicellular algae, the rotifers and the copepods in the pond in sequence.
Specifically, inoculating unicellular algae into the nursery pond, inflating air through an aerator and an air pump in the nursery pond and irradiating sunlight to enable the unicellular algae to rapidly propagate; inoculating rotifer 7 days later; and inoculating copepods when the density of the rotifers is remarkably increased.
The unicellular algae can improve the water quality of the seedling raising pond and provide baits for rotifers and copepods in the seedling raising pond.
In the present invention, the rotifer is preferably, but not limited to, Brachionus plicatilis.
In the present invention, specific species of copepods are not particularly limited, and copepods known to those skilled in the art may be used, and preferably, the copepods are daphnia dentata (C)Schmackeria dubia) Ham Daphnia (Schw.), (Schmackeria poplesia) Chinese philosophy fleas (A)Calanus sinicus) (xi) slender HuataimenSinocalanus tenellus) Clematis chinensis (Sprenia gracilis) (III)Acartia clausi) At least one of (1).
The inoculation amount of the unicellular algae, rotifer and copepod is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual production conditions by using conventional addition amounts well known to those skilled in the art.
In the step (3), when the number of rotifers and copepods in the nursery pond reaches a peak value, putting the larval fish in the nursery bags into the nursery pond, and putting artificial baits into the nursery pond; the bait comprises probiotics, eel meal and fermented small trash fish paste to form a microecological balance system mainly comprising probiotics, unicellular algae, rotifers and copepods.
In the present invention, the addition amounts of the probiotics, the eel meal and the fermented small trash fish paste are not particularly limited, and may be those conventionally added as well known to those skilled in the art, as long as a dynamic balance of the probiotics, the algal phase and the worms (rotifers and copepods) is formed, and those skilled in the art can select and adjust the addition amounts according to actual production conditions.
It should be noted that after the artificial bait is put in, a small amount of compound fertilizer can be properly sprinkled according to the density of the unicellular algae, so that the bacteria-algae-worms (rotifers, copepods and the like) in the pond form a relatively stable dynamic balance, thereby ensuring the sufficiency of the shrimp larvae bait.
The powdery shrimp feed No. 0 was obtained from a commercially available product.
In the step (4), in the young fish cultivation stage, powdery plecoglossus altivelis feed and powdery No. 0 shrimp feed are put into the nursery pond.
The powdery plecoglossus altivelis feed and the powdery shrimp feed No. 0 are both from commercial products.
In the invention, the net can be adopted for collecting and releasing the juvenile fish before the juvenile fish finishes wing collection (the dorsal fin and the ventral fin are shortened relative to the fish body) and becomes full of scales and is transformed into the juvenile fish. Because the scale period in the process of raising the fry is also a relatively dangerous period, and the survival rate of the fry can be guaranteed by cultivating the fry carefully before the period and marking the fry thick.
In the invention, the young fish can be transferred to a young fish cultivation stage after 28-30 days of incubation, and the young fish is fished by pulling a net and transported to a cement pond for specification division and temporary culture to be ready for sale.
The juvenile fish is characterized in that the scales of the whole body of the fish body are complete, all organs of the fry completely develop at the moment to complete metamorphosis, the life habit approaches to adult fish, the fish is gathered to move and snatch, the food habit is changed into the food habit of food preference, the fish is bile-small, and the juvenile fish can quickly hide in nearby shelters when people approach when the environment changes. Based on the characteristics of the juvenile fish, in the juvenile fish culture stage, the floating feed and the plant bait are put into the nursery pond.
The floating feed may be shrimp feed or small-sized grass carp or small-sized tilapia, but is not limited thereto, and may be other materials not listed in this embodiment but known to those skilled in the art.
The plant bait may be, but is not limited to, kelp, green vegetable leaves, etc., and may be other materials not listed in the present embodiment but known to those skilled in the art.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description is more specific and detailed, but not understood as the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention, but all the technical solutions obtained by using the equivalent substitution or the equivalent transformation should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, hatching fertilized eggs of siganus oramin by using an outdoor hatching barrel to obtain larval fish;
s2, after the larval fish is opened in the outdoor incubation barrel, oyster zygotes are fed for the opening to eat, the density of the oyster zygotes in the water body of the outdoor incubation barrel is kept at 100 and 200/ml, and the density of the larval fish is 2-5 tails/ml;
s3, transferring the larval fish in the outdoor hatching barrel together with water into a seedling raising bag in a seedling raising pool for cultivation 4-5 days after hatching; the seedling raising bag is impermeable, and the volume of the water in the seedling raising bag is 5-10m3The seedlings are grownUnicellular algae and rotifers are cultivated in the bags, the density of the rotifers in the water body is 10-20/ml, and the density of the larval fish is 0.2-0.5/ml;
and S4, transferring the fry in the fry culture bag to a fry culture pond for outdoor pond ecological fry culture 8-10 days after hatching.
2. The method for the large-scale cultivation of siganus oramin fry as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the fry on the 3 rd day after hatching is opened; the oyster fertilized eggs are used as ready-prepared eggs in an artificial insemination mode, and are filtered by a barrier net made of a 500-mesh bolting silk during feeding.
3. The large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that after oyster fertilized eggs are fed, water quality is monitored and comprehensively regulated; the monitoring and comprehensive regulation and control of the water quality are as follows: periodically and dynamically monitoring the water quality, stopping aeration when the transparency of the water quality in the outdoor hatching barrel is too low, stirring the water in the barrel body along one direction by adopting a sterilized rod, starting a drainage device after impurities are deposited at the bottom of the barrel body, discharging the impurities, and supplementing fresh seawater.
4. The method for large-scale cultivation of siganus oramin seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outdoor hatching barrel comprises a barrel body, the bottom surface of the barrel body is a conical surface, and the bottom surface of the barrel body is provided with a drainage device; an air supply assembly for supplying air to the inner cavity of the barrel body is arranged in the barrel body; the side wall of the barrel body is provided with an insulating layer; the top end of the barrel body is provided with a lifting folding cover plate.
5. The method for large-scale cultivation of siganus oramin seedlings as claimed in claim 4, wherein the drainage device comprises a water outlet arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the bucket body, a water outlet pipe connected with the water outlet, and a control valve arranged on the water outlet pipe; the gas supply assembly comprises a gas stone and a gas pipe, the gas stone is located in the barrel body, the gas stone is connected with the gas pipe, the gas pipe extends out of the barrel body, and the gas pipe is connected with a gas source.
6. The large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin seedlings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the ecological breeding process of the pond is as follows:
(1) sterilizing the nursery pond;
(2) culturing bait organisms before the larval fish is put into a pond for culturing;
(3) putting the fry in the fry raising bags into a fry raising pond; artificial baits are put into the seedling raising pond to maintain the ecological balance of the seedling raising pond;
(4) 15-17 days after hatching, the larval fish finishes morphological development and enters a juvenile fish culture stage.
7. The method for the large-scale cultivation of siganus oramin fry as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cultivation of the bait organisms is performed according to the following steps: inoculating unicellular algae into the nursery pond, inflating by an aerator and an air pump in the nursery pond and irradiating by sunlight to quickly propagate the unicellular algae; inoculating rotifer 7 days later; inoculating copepods when the density of the rotifers is significantly increased; in the step (3), when the number of rotifers and copepods in the nursery pond reaches a peak value, feeding the larval fish in the nursery bags into the nursery pond, and feeding artificial baits into the nursery pond; the bait comprises probiotics, eel meal and fermented small trash fish paste to form a microecological balance system mainly comprising probiotics, unicellular algae, rotifers and copepods.
8. The method for culturing the siganus oramin seedlings in scale as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the young fish culturing stage, powdery plecoglossus altivelis feed and powdery commercial feed of No. 0 shrimp are put into the culturing pond.
9. The method for mass-cultivation of siganus oramin fry as claimed in claim 6, wherein the collection and distribution by pulling the net are adopted before the fry is transformed into young fish from the wing to the full scale.
10. The method for large-scale cultivation of siganus oramin seedlings as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step (4) is followed by the steps of: transferring to a young fish culture stage 28-30 days after incubation, fishing the young fish by using a pull net, transporting to a cement pond for specification division and temporary culture, and preparing for sale; and in the juvenile fish cultivation stage, floating feed and plant bait are put into the nursery pond.
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