CN114342748A - Soil covering and three-dimensional fertilizer preservation method for hillside orchard - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil fertility improvement and water and soil conservation, in particular to a method for soil covering and three-dimensional fertilizer conservation of a hillside orchard. The specific technical scheme is as follows: a method for soil-covering three-dimensional fertilizer preservation of hillside orchard comprises the steps of laying treated seeds on a decomposable bearing layer, forming a green manure belt after the seeds germinate, fixing the green manure belt on a sloping table and fixing the green manure belt on a slope surface through a water and soil conservation device pre-buried in soil. The invention solves the problems of low organic matter content in the soil of the orchard in the slope and serious water and soil loss of the slope after the treatment by the existing method.

Description

Soil covering and three-dimensional fertilizer preservation method for hillside orchard

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil fertility improvement and water and soil conservation, in particular to a method for soil covering and three-dimensional fertilizer conservation of a hillside orchard.

Background

Green manure (green manure) is a biological fertilizer source with complete nutrients and made of green plant bodies, is an important organic fertilizer in agricultural production, and is also a sustainable important component of an agricultural ecological system. In the process of planting the green manure, the porosity of the soil can be improved and the volume weight of the soil can be reduced through the interpenetration of developed root systems of the green manure, and in addition, the nutrients are enriched, balanced and activated through the modes of absorbing the nutrients by rhizosphere, secreting extracellular enzymes and the like, so that the microbial activity of the soil is increased, and the harmful ingredients in the soil are reduced to a certain extent. And the green manure has huge fibrous root systems and high growth speed, can play a role in slowing surface runoff, and is an important species for landscaping and water and soil conservation.

In recent years, in order to alleviate the contradiction of more people and less land and improve the economic income, in southern hilly areas, the reclamation of sloping fields into orchards has become a common utilization mode. According to investigation, the existing water and soil loss area in China is 356.0 km²The western region has high water erosion intensity, particularly in dry and warm valley regions in the four-river world, and in addition, the non-point source pollution of hillside orchard accounts for the main proportion of agricultural pollution. Excessive reclamation and disordered water and fertilizer management destroy the original surface soil structure, so that the water and soil loss of the slope farmland which is originally poor in steep lands is serious, and the lost nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients flow into a water body through surface runoff under the scouring of rainfall, so that the soil fertility is further degraded, and the eutrophication of the water bodies such as rivers, lakes, rivers and the like is caused. Therefore, the key to the sustainable agricultural development at present is how to prevent and control the water and soil loss and improve the soil fertility of the hillside orchard.

At present, the traditional measures for soil covering and three-dimensional fertilizer preservation of hillside orchards mainly include film covering, water control, drip irrigation and the like. However, the method has certain problems that the heat of the soil after film covering cannot be dissipated along with the rise of the temperature in summer, the root system of the fruit tree is easily burnt and suffocated to die, and the root system cannot be supplied with rainwater to influence the development of the root; the water control needs to be finely managed; the drip irrigation investment is high, and the requirement on the geographical position is high. On the contrary, the green manure planting investment is low, and the fertilizer efficiency is high; improving soil and preventing water, soil and fertilizer from losing; the comprehensive utilization benefit is great, and the soil-covering three-dimensional fertilizer conservation for hillside orchards is most economical and environment-friendly.

The green manure has various varieties and short growth period, and the growth of the green manure is influenced by multiple factors such as temperature, moisture, altitude and the like. With the increasing growing of the planting area of the hillside orchard, the blank of planting green manure for covering soil and preserving fertilizer of the orchard is quite blank, and no related patent for applying the green manure to quick covering soil and three-dimensional fertilizer preservation of the hillside orchard through planting the green manure is seen. Therefore, the research on how to plant the green manure can quickly prevent and control water and soil loss of the slope surface of the hillside orchard and improve the soil fertility of the hillside orchard, and the method has important significance for maintaining soil nutrients and controlling non-point source pollution of the hillside orchard.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting green manure based on rapid soil covering and three-dimensional fertilizer preservation of a sloping field orchard, and solves the problems of low organic matter content and serious slope water and soil loss of the sloping field orchard soil after being treated by the conventional method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention discloses a method for soil-covering three-dimensional fertilizer conservation of a hillside orchard.

Preferably, the seed treatment process is as follows: sunning seeds before sowing, then selecting seeds by using 10% saline solution, soaking the seeds after seed selection, and mixing the seeds with baking soda according to the mass ratio of 400: 1, water is put in, moisture preservation and germination acceleration are carried out, and the mixture is spread and aired for later use.

Preferably, the air-dried seeds are mixed with soil and fertilizer and then spread on a bearing layer, and the seeds germinate at a suitable temperature to form green manure strips.

Preferably, ditching is carried out on a sloping platform, river sand is spread at the bottom of the ditch, seeds are attached with rhizobia adaptive to the seeds, and the seeds are planted on the river sand and covered with soil; meanwhile, paving a green manure belt on the slope; and (4) subsequently, fertilizing and managing the green manure zone, cutting the green manure zone when the green manure blooms, adding biochar after crushing, spraying the biochar on a slope table and a slope surface, and deeply turning.

Correspondingly, the water and soil conservation device comprises a fixed pipe pre-buried on a slope surface and a moisturizing pipe pre-buried on a slope table and communicated with the fixed pipe, a plurality of micropores are formed in the fixed pipe and the moisturizing pipe, a three-way pipe is arranged on the fixed pipe, a fixing rod is fixed on one interface of the three-way pipe, and a green manure belt is fixed on the fixing rod.

Preferably, the moisturizing pipe is annular, plants planted on the slope are located in an area defined by the moisturizing pipe, and the bottom of the moisturizing pipe is communicated with a plurality of flow guide pipes inclining towards the roots of the plants.

Preferably, the tank has been seted up at the top on hillside fields, the tank passes through the connecting pipe rather than adjacent fixed pipe intercommunication, the through-hole has been seted up at the top of tank, be fixed with the backup pad that the area is less than the through-hole through the connecting block in the through-hole, be fixed with the water collecting bucket through the connecting rod in the backup pad, be provided with in the water collecting bucket and extend to backup pad and bottom confined filter screen pocket, the top of tank, center on the through-hole is provided with a support section of thick bamboo, the outer wall of water collecting bucket offsets with the top of a support section of thick bamboo.

Preferably, the connecting pipe rather than adjacent fixed pipe between along domatic horizontal fertilization pipe that is provided with, the connecting pipe with fixed pipe be provided with a plurality ofly respectively, all with fertilization pipe intercommunication, be provided with the charge door along its length direction on the fertilization pipe, be provided with the loading hopper of taking the top cap on the charge door, the loading hopper stretches out outside domatic soil.

Preferably, be provided with the return bend that is "Z" shape in the tank, the bottom opening and the connecting pipe intercommunication of return bend, be provided with the butterfly valve on the bottom violently pipe of return bend, be provided with the bull stick that one end stretches out the top of tank and have the carousel in the pivot of butterfly valve.

Preferably, the fixed pipes are provided with a plurality of pipes and are vertically arranged along the slope surface, and each fixed pipe is respectively communicated with the moisturizing pipe on the slope platform; the bottom of the fixed pipe is provided with a plurality of fixed cones along the length direction of the fixed pipe, and the side walls of the fixed cones are provided with a plurality of barbs; the fixed pipe or the moisturizing pipe positioned at the bottommost position of the sloping field is communicated with a drainage pipe through a drainage pipe.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention further strengthens the subsequent management and ensures the growth of the green manure through the optimal green manure planting technology. Meanwhile, the planting green manure is applied to the slope of the orchard, so that water and soil loss is effectively relieved, and soil is preserved. Specifically, the green manure is planted on the slope table and the slope surface, is cut and crushed when the green manure blooms, and is sprayed on the slope table and the slope surface for deep ploughing, so that the decomposition of microorganisms is promoted, and the soil fertility is enhanced.

2. The invention has the advantages that the green manure planting technology is assisted by the water and soil retaining device, the water and soil loss is relieved to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the pipeline in the pre-buried soil and the micropores arranged on the pipeline enable part of surface water to enter the pipeline and be discharged, the pressure of the surface of the ground is relieved, and the nutrient loss in the soil is reduced. And the arranged water storage tank can store part of water and can be used for irrigation, so that the economic and traffic cost is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the soil and water conservation device on a slope body;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection of the connecting pipe, the fertilizing pipe and the fixing pipe in the direction A shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the water storage tank and the water collecting hopper;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a water storage tank;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the water storage tank and the support cylinder;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the water collecting bucket;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a filter net bag;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a moisturizing tube;

fig. 9 is a schematic overall structure diagram of the moisturizing tube;

in the figure: the device comprises a fixed pipe 1, a moisturizing pipe 2, a three-way pipe 3, a fixed rod 4, a flow guide pipe 5, a water storage tank 6, a connecting pipe 7, a through hole 8, a connecting block 9, a supporting plate 10, a connecting rod 11, a water collecting hopper 12, a filter net bag 13, a supporting cylinder 14, a fertilizing pipe 15, a feeding hole 16, a feeding hopper 17, a bent pipe 18, a butterfly valve 19, a rotating rod 20, a fixed cone 21, a drainage pipe 22 and a gravity closer 23.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise indicated, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

1. The invention discloses a green manure planting method based on rapid soil-covering three-dimensional fertilizer preservation of a hillside orchard. The carrier layer may be a readily decomposable nonwoven or similar material.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the seed treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) airing the seeds, then selecting the seeds with saline water, soaking the seeds, moisturizing and accelerating germination after the seed soaking is finished, and spreading and airing the seeds for later use. And mixing the aired seeds with soil and fertilizer, spreading the mixture on a bearing layer, and germinating the seeds at a proper temperature to form a green manure zone. When the green manure is planted, ditching on a sloping platform, spreading river sand at the bottom of the ditch, planting seeds on the river sand and covering soil; meanwhile, paving a green manure belt on the slope; and (4) subsequently, fertilizing and managing the green manure zone, cutting the green manure zone when the green manure blooms, spraying the green manure zone on the slope table and the slope after crushing, and deeply turning.

Furthermore, the orchard sample plot is investigated before planting the green manure, wherein the sample plot comprises local weather conditions, natural geographical conditions, planting conditions and the like, the concrete conditions of soil physicochemical properties are detected, and the appropriate green manure planting is selected according to local conditions.

The green manure selection process comprises the following steps: and selecting green manure suitable for local growth in combination with the condition of the same-field investigation. The leguminous green manure which does not compete for water and fertilizer with fruit trees and has short plants is selected on the sloping platform, and the purposes of preventing water loss, controlling weeds and protecting nutrients are achieved, such as alfalfa, white clover, vetch and the like. The method is characterized in that green manure with low plants, developed root systems and soil fixation is selected on the slope surface, and a water and soil retaining device arranged on the slope surface is combined, so that the purpose of preventing the soil loss of the slope surface is achieved, such as white clover, alfalfa, red clover and the like.

The treatment process before sowing is mainly divided into 4 steps, wherein before sowing, seeds are sunned, soaked in a medicament (soaking in running water), kept for accelerating germination, and spread and aired for hardening the bud. Seed soaking: seeds are sunned for half a day before sowing, then the seeds are selected by 10 percent of salt water before sowing, floated blighted grains, sclerotium and impurities are fished out, and then the seeds are soaked in warm water at about 30 ℃; firstly, seeds are put in the container, then water is poured, and the volume ratio of the seeds to the water is 1: and 3, bubbles exist on the water surface, but no white foam is generated. Accelerating germination: the seeds are added with 25 g of baking soda according to the proportion of 1000 g of seeds, and the water is poured until the seeds are submerged. Repeatedly rubbing and washing the seeds until the seeds are not bright and have pitted surfaces, and then repeatedly washing the seeds with water. Spreading and airing to smelt buds: and pouring the green manure seeds at a proper temperature, spreading the green manure seeds for airing for 2-3 hours in the shade, avoiding the seeds from being aired, and only slightly airing the surface moisture of the seeds. Then, the treated mixture of seeds, soil and fertilizer is put on wet and easily decomposed non-woven fabrics for sprouting, and the non-woven fabrics are put at a proper temperature to form a green manure zone.

Further, the orchard plots need to be prepared prior to sowing. The method specifically comprises the following steps: before sowing in an orchard plot, removing weeds by using an automatic herbicide and deeply ploughing slope soil, wherein the soil is required to be soft, loose and flat, and appropriate base fertilizer is added, and calcium superphosphate and plant ash are applied to each mu of land and mixed together by 15-20 kg. Ditching is carried out on the slope ridge soil, the furrow width and the furrow depth are set according to the actual situation, and the furrow row spacing is about 15-30 cm. Before sowing, a layer of river sand of 2-3 cm can be padded in the trench bottom, mainly for increasing the air permeability of the seeds in the soil.

During sowing, the sowing amount of the green manure is determined according to different terrains and soil conditions, and is usually 2-5 kg/mu. The green manure seeds which hasten germination are stained with rhizobia which are adaptive to the green manure seeds, nodulation and nitrogen fixation are facilitated, and the green manure seeds are planted on the sand bedding in the strip ditches, wherein the planting distance is 2-5 cm. After the seeds are arranged, screening fine soil by using a sieve to cover the seeds, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is normally 1-2 times of the height of the seeds when the seeds are flatly placed; and fixing the formed non-woven fabric green manure belt on the slope. Watering immediately after sowing, covering with fine soil and covering with wet straw when seeds are exposed.

Subsequent management (fertilization management): the fertilizer is still needed after the green manure is sowed, and the leguminous green manure uses a phosphate fertilizer as a seed manure and simultaneously applies a quick-acting phosphate fertilizer in due time to play a role of increasing nitrogen by using phosphorus. The green manure is fond of wetting and afraid of irrigation, and is watered flexibly according to the weather until the surface has accumulated water but does not flow, and then the irrigation and drainage of a wet ditch are noticed. Some urea and compound fertilizer are properly applied in rainy days, so that the requirement of green manure on N, P is met, and weeds are removed immediately. And (3) cutting the green manure when the green manure blooms, shearing the cut green manure by using a grinder, adding a proper amount of biochar into the ground green manure, uniformly spraying the biochar on a sloping table and a slope surface, and deeply turning over to promote decomposition of microorganisms.

2. The invention also discloses a water and soil retaining device buried in soil for matching with the growth of green manure, and the device is shown in reference to figures 1-9. Specifically including pre-buried fixed pipe 1 on domatic and pre-buried sloping bench with fixed pipe 1 intercommunication the pipe 2 of moisturizing, all be provided with a plurality of micropore on fixed pipe 1 and the pipe 2 of moisturizing, be provided with three-way pipe 3 on the fixed pipe 1, be fixed with dead lever 4 on one of them interface of three-way pipe 3, the green manure area is fixed on dead lever 4, avoids green manure area landing on domatic under the erodeing of rainwater. The moisture retention tube 2 can be arranged to be openable and closable, facilitating burying in the soil and enclosing the plants in the area of the moisture retention tube in the case where plants have been planted.

Further, the moisturizing pipe 2 is annular, and the plant of planting on the sloping bench is located the regional that moisturizing pipe 2 encloses, and the bottom intercommunication of moisturizing pipe 2 has several honeycomb duct 5 towards the inclination of plant root to better fertilize or water alone the plants such as fruit trees. The honeycomb duct 5 can be provided with a plurality of micropores according to actual needs, and a filter screen is arranged at the water outlet of the honeycomb duct, so that the water outlet is prevented from being blocked by soil. The size of the area enclosed by the moisturizing tubes 2 is determined according to the plants planted on the slope, and certainly, in order to plant different plants on the slope, the inner ring diameter of the moisturizing tubes 2 is designed to be as large as possible, so that the moisturizing tubes are not affected when the saplings are replaced, and meanwhile, the saplings are directly planted in the area enclosed by the moisturizing tubes 2 without moving the moisturizing tubes.

Further, for reducing soil erosion and water loss to and be convenient for water and fertilize green manure and plant, seted up tank 6 at the top on hillside fields, tank 6 can directly dig one on hillside fields, also can know directly transport the finished product to the slope body top and lay, concrete actual conditions according to the slope body set up can, mainly used holds the rainwater and is used for irrigating. The water storage tank 6 is communicated with the adjacent fixed pipe 1 through the connecting pipe 7, namely, the fixed pipe 1 closest to the water storage tank is communicated with the water storage tank 6 through the connecting pipe 7, and of course, if the moisturizing pipe 2 is close to the water storage tank, the moisturizing pipe 2 is communicated with the water storage tank 6 through the connecting pipe 7.

Furthermore, in order to avoid impurities such as leaves from entering the water storage tank, the impurities are deposited at the bottom of the tank, so that the impurities are inconvenient to clean and even block a water outlet which is communicated with the connecting pipe and arranged on the water storage tank. Through-hole 8 has been seted up at the top of tank 6, is fixed with the backup pad 10 that the area is less than through-hole 8 through connecting block 9 in the through-hole 8, and the backup pad 10 is fixed in the center department of through-hole 8 promptly, makes to form annular through-hole between backup pad and the through-hole, and the rainwater of being convenient for enters into the tank. And the number of the connecting blocks 9 is determined according to the size of the supporting plate and the stability in the through hole. A water collecting hopper 12 is fixed on the support plate 10 through a connecting rod 11, specifically: the connecting rods 11 are fixed at four corners of the bottom of the water collecting hopper 12, the other end of the connecting rods is fixed at the position, close to the four corners of the supporting plate 10, so that the water collecting hopper 12 is supported on the supporting plate 10 through the connecting rods 11, an area formed between the adjacent connecting rods 11 is an area through which rainwater passes, and the rainwater enters the water storage tank through a gap between the supporting plate and the through hole after passing through the area.

Furthermore, in order to prevent the impurities from entering the water storage tank through the water collecting hopper, a filtering net bag 13 which extends to the supporting plate 10 and is closed at the bottom is provided in the water collecting hopper 12, and is equivalent to a net bag composed of filtering nets for the impurities. The bottom of the filtering net bag can be a solid plate or a filter screen integrated with the filtering net bag. Meanwhile, the support plate 10 can be arranged separately from the support plate or can be in direct contact with the support plate. In order to avoid that the impurities at the top of the water storage tank enter the water storage tank, a supporting cylinder 14 is arranged at the top of the water storage tank 6 around the through hole 8, the outer wall of the water collecting hopper 12 is abutted against the top of the supporting cylinder 14, and the impurities outside the water storage tank are effectively prevented from entering the water storage tank. In addition, two handles can be symmetrically arranged at the top of the filter net bag, so that the filter net bag can be conveniently taken out from the water collecting hopper, and impurities in the filter net bag can be poured.

Further, in order to avoid overflowing the water storage tank after the water in the water storage tank is full, the gap between the inner top of the water storage tank 6 and the inner wall of the support plate 10 and the through hole 8 is provided with a gravity closer 23, after the water storage tank can not enter water, the gravity closer 23 blocks the water in the water storage tank to flow out, the gravity closer is the existing equipment, and the installation can be deformed according to the actual situation on site.

Further, in order to fertilize and irrigate green manure and plant for the convenience, transversely be provided with fertilization pipe 15 along domatic between connecting pipe 7 and its adjacent fixed pipe 1, connecting pipe 7 and fixed pipe 1 are provided with a plurality ofly respectively, all communicate with fertilization pipe 15, are provided with three-way pipe 3 and dead lever 4 on the fixed pipe of fertilization pipe 15 and fixed pipe 1 junction equally, are convenient for fix the green manure area. The fertilizing tube 15 is provided with a feeding hole 16 along the length direction, the feeding hole 16 is provided with a feeding hopper 17 with a top cover, and the feeding hopper 17 extends out of the soil on the slope. Add fertilizer in to the pipe 15 of fertilizeing through loading hopper 17, when water in the water storage pond passes through the pipe 15 of applying fertilizer of 7 flow direction of connecting pipe, fertilizer melts to 2 are gone to the moisturizing pipe along fixed 1 flow direction of pipe, flow to the slope body below gradually, and the micropore on fixed pipe and the moisturizing pipe makes during fertilizer water soaks soil, is absorbed by green manure and plant, thereby irrigates and fertilizes plant and green manure on slope body and the sloping bench.

Further, referring to fig. 2, the connecting pipes 7 are pre-buried in the soil and are provided with a plurality of connecting pipes according to needs, and according to the positions of the connecting pipes provided by the invention, micropores are not formed in the connecting pipes 7, so that the loss of water at the position of the slope body close to the top is reduced, water flow can reach the position of the bottom of the slope body as far as possible, and the irrigation and fertilization of the whole slope body are further realized. In the invention, a plurality of fixed pipes 1 are arranged vertically along a slope, each fixed pipe 1 is respectively communicated with moisturizing pipes 2 on a slope, namely one fixed pipe 1 corresponds to one moisturizing pipe 2, if a plurality of rows of plants are arranged on the slope, the moisturizing pipes 2 are communicated through a pipeline, of course, the moisturizing pipes 2 can be communicated with one another in a horizontal row, or the moisturizing pipes in a row can be the same, or adjacent moisturizing pipes can be communicated with one another. No matter which kind of intercommunication mode, need guarantee a fixed pipe 1 all the time and connect a last moisturizing pipe 2 of sloping bench, just can guarantee that the water of flowing through fixed pipe 1 can flow through every moisturizing pipe to reach the purpose of overall irrigation.

Furthermore, in order to ensure the stability of the fixed pipe on the slope surface, the fixed pipe is prevented from shifting under the scouring of rainwater. Be provided with a plurality of fixed cones 21 along its length direction in the bottom of fixed pipe 1, fixed cone is preferred to be conical promptly, is convenient for it to insert in soil fixedly, is provided with the several barb on the lateral wall of fixed cone 21 simultaneously, effectively increases the stability between fixed pipe and the soil. The fixed pipe 1 or the moisturizing pipe 2 at the bottommost position of the sloping field is communicated with a drain pipe 22 through a drainage pipe, and the drain pipe 22 is obliquely arranged, so that redundant water on the sloping body is drained out of the sloping body through the drain pipe. Therefore, the drain pipe 22 is also provided with a plurality of micropores according to actual needs.

Furthermore, in order to avoid soil from blocking micropores on the pipeline, a layer of filter cloth is wound on the fixing pipe 1, the moisturizing pipe 2, the flow guide pipe 5 and the drainage pipe 22, so that soil is effectively prevented from entering the pipeline, and the pipeline is prevented from being blocked. If the pipeline is blocked, the fixing rod 4 can be taken down from the three-way pipe 3 and connected with an external water pipe, and water enters the fixing pipe 1 under certain water pressure, so that sediments in the pipeline are flushed into a drainage pipe below a slope body. The fixing rod 4 is a solid rod piece and can block one interface of the three-way pipe 3 to prevent water from flowing out of the interface. Because every is domatic all has the dead lever, consequently, also comparatively easy to the work of cleaing away of fixed pipe and the intraductal deposit of moisturizing, also can increase the life of whole device, no matter change sapling or plant other crops, whole device can both play a role.

Further, in order to avoid sediment in the reservoir to enter into the fixed pipe and carry out the deposit in moisturizing through connecting pipe 7, be provided with the return bend 18 that is "Z" shape in reservoir 6, the water inlet of return bend 18 sets up and is provided with the filter screen towards the internal face of reservoir promptly, can effectually avoid sediment such as impurity to enter into in the return bend. The bottom opening of the bent pipe 18 is communicated with the connecting pipe 7, and the bottom horizontal pipe of the bent pipe 18 is provided with a butterfly valve 19, so that the time of irrigating and fertilizing can be controlled manually. Be provided with the bull stick 20 that one end stretches out the top of tank 6 and has the carousel in butterfly valve 19's the pivot, through rotating bull stick 20, and then rotate butterfly valve 19 and open return bend 18, make the water in the tank enter into the fixed tube through the connecting pipe to flow towards slope body below gradually, and the micropore setting has then realized watering and fertilization to the slope body, domatic green manure and plant, thereby better carry out follow-up management to green manure, if fertilize, watering etc.. Simultaneously, in the rainwater season, the tank not only can play the effect of water storage, has still reduced the rainwater and has left from the slope body, has effectively reduced soil erosion and water loss, simultaneously, because all be provided with the micropore on fixed pipe and the moisturizing pipe, so, the rainwater of soaking in soil also has partly to enter into the pipeline to discharge in entering the drain pipe along the pipeline, also the effectual soil erosion and surface runoff of alleviating the slope body.

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.

Examples

Planting and management of slope orchard green manure

(1) And performing sample plot investigation on a garden of Wang Jia village yellow orange slope in Hanyuan county, Yaan city in 2019, wherein the sample plot investigation comprises local weather conditions, natural geographical conditions, planting conditions and the like, collecting samples, and detecting specific conditions of physical and chemical properties of soil as data contrast (including the condition of soil nutrient loss after rainy season).

(2) Selecting proper green manure: and selecting the leguminous white clover as a green manure for planting in combination with the condition of the same plot survey. Simultaneously, alfalfa, vetch and red clover are used as the repetition.

(3) Seed sowing pretreatment: mainly comprises four steps of seed sunning before sowing, medicament seed soaking (running water seed soaking), moisture preservation and germination acceleration, and spreading and drying in the air to smelt the buds. Seed soaking: sun-drying white clover seeds for half a day, then selecting seeds by using 10% saline solution before sowing, fishing out floating blighted grains, sclerotium and impurities, soaking in water with the temperature of about 30 ℃, firstly placing the seeds and then pouring water, wherein the volume ratio of the seeds to the water is 1: and 3, bubbles exist on the water surface, but no white foam is generated. Accelerating germination: the seeds are added with 25 g of baking soda according to the proportion of 1000 g of seeds, and the water is poured until the seeds are submerged. Repeatedly rubbing and washing the seeds until the seeds are not bright and have pitted surfaces, and then repeatedly washing the seeds with water. Spreading and airing to smelt buds: and pouring the white clover seeds at a proper temperature, spreading the white clover seeds for airing for 2-3 hours in the shade, avoiding the white clover seeds cannot be aired, and only slightly airing the seeds with water on the surface. Then, a part of the treated mixture of seeds, soil and fertilizer is put on a moist and easily decomposed non-woven fabric for sprouting, and is put at a proper temperature to form a green manure zone.

(4) Arranging orchard sample plots: in an orchard of yellow fruit orange slope in Wang family village in Hanyuan county, Yaan city, automatic herbicides are used for removing weeds and deeply turning slope soil, the soil is required to be fine, soft and loose, appropriate base fertilizer is added, and generally about 15-20 kg of calcium superphosphate and plant ash are applied to each mu and mixed together. And (3) ditching in the slope ridge soil, wherein the furrow width and the furrow depth are determined according to the size of the seeds and the planting quantity, and the furrow row spacing is about 15-30 cm. Before sowing, a layer of river sand of 2-3 cm can be padded in the trench bottom, mainly for increasing the air permeability of the seeds in the soil.

(5) Sowing: planting white clover, alfalfa and vetch seeds according to the standard of 2.5 kg/mu. The germination-promoted white clover is stained with rhizobia matched with the germination-promoted white clover and planted on the sand cushion layer in the ditch, and the planting distance is 2-5 cm. After the seeds are arranged, screening fine soil by using a sieve to cover the seeds, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is normally 1-2 times of the height of the seeds when the seeds are flatly placed; fixing the formed non-woven fabric green manure belt on the slope. Watering immediately after sowing, covering with fine soil and covering with wet straw when seeds are exposed. When sowing, the whole slope body is vertically divided into three areas, and the number of the fixed pipes and the moisturizing pipes distributed in each area is the same. Wherein, the sloping platform is respectively sowed with the white clover, the alfalfa and the hair vetch, and the sloping surface is respectively sowed with the white clover, the alfalfa and the red clover. The specific seeding is the same as described above.

(6) And (4) subsequent management: the fertilizer is still needed after the green manure is sowed, while the green manure of the leguminous family uses phosphate fertilizer as seed manure, quick-acting phosphate fertilizer is applied timely, water is flexibly watered according to weather until water is accumulated on the surface but the water does not flow, and the water is drained and irrigated in a wet ditch. Some urea and compound fertilizer are properly applied in rainy days, so that the requirement of green manure on N, P is met, and weeds are removed immediately.

(7) Harvesting or turning over at proper time: cutting white clover, hairy vetch, alfalfa and red clover when the flowers bloom, cutting the cut green manure by a grinder, and reserving stalks with a certain height for regeneration. Adding appropriate amount of biochar into the crushed green manure, uniformly spraying the biochar on a sloping platform and a slope surface, and deeply turning.

And finally, counting the growth condition of the green manure, the nutrient condition of the harvested soil (shown in table 1) and the nutrient loss condition of the slope in 5-9 months of rainy season (shown in table 2) in the growth process.

TABLE 1 sloping bench Green manure growth status and soil nutrient status

TABLE 2 growth of green manure and soil nutrient conditions on slope

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for soil-covering and three-dimensional fertilizer conservation of hillside orchard is characterized in that: and (3) laying the treated seeds on a decomposable bearing layer, forming a green manure zone after the seeds germinate, fixing the green manure zone on a slope table and fixing the green manure zone on the slope surface through a water and soil retaining device pre-buried in soil.

2. The method for soil-covering and three-dimensional fertilizer conservation of hillside orchards according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seed treatment process comprises the following steps: sunning seeds before sowing, then selecting seeds by using 10% saline solution, soaking the seeds after seed selection, and mixing the seeds with baking soda according to the mass ratio of 400: 1, water is put in, moisture preservation and germination acceleration are carried out, and the mixture is spread and aired for later use.

3. The method for soil-covering and three-dimensional fertilizer conservation of hillside orchards according to claim 2, characterized in that: and mixing the aired seeds with soil and fertilizer, spreading the mixture on a bearing layer, and germinating the seeds at a proper temperature to form a green manure zone.

4. The method for soil-covering and three-dimensional fertilizer conservation of hillside orchards according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: ditching on a slope platform, spreading river sand at the bottom of the ditch, attaching rhizobia matched with the seeds on the river sand, planting the seeds on the river sand and covering soil; meanwhile, paving a green manure belt on the slope; and (4) subsequently, fertilizing and managing the green manure zone, cutting the green manure zone when the green manure blooms, adding biochar after crushing, spraying the biochar on a slope table and a slope surface, and deeply turning.

5. A soil and water conservation device used in combination with the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the novel wet-keeping device is characterized by comprising a fixed pipe (1) which is embedded on a slope surface and a wet-keeping pipe (2) which is arranged on the embedded slope platform and communicated with the fixed pipe (1), wherein a plurality of micropores are formed in the fixed pipe (1) and the wet-keeping pipe (2), a three-way pipe (3) is arranged on the fixed pipe (1), a fixing rod (4) is fixed on one interface of the three-way pipe (3), and a green manure belt is fixed on the fixing rod (4).

6. The soil and water conservation device of claim 5 wherein: the moisturizing pipe (2) is annular, plants planted on the slope are located in an area defined by the moisturizing pipe (2), and the bottom of the moisturizing pipe (2) is communicated with a plurality of guide pipes (5) inclined towards the roots of the plants.

7. The soil and water conservation device of claim 5 wherein: reservoir (6) have been seted up at the top on sloping ground, reservoir (6) are rather than adjacent through connecting pipe (7) fixed pipe (1) intercommunication, through-hole (8) have been seted up at the top of reservoir (6), backup pad (10) that the area is less than through-hole (8) are fixed with through connecting block (9) in through-hole (8), be fixed with water collecting hopper (12) through connecting rod (11) on backup pad (10), be provided with in water collecting hopper (12) and extend to backup pad (10) and bottom confined filter net pocket (13), the top of reservoir (6), center on through-hole (8) are provided with supporting cylinder (14), the outer wall of water collecting hopper (12) offsets with the top of supporting cylinder (14).

8. The soil and water conservation device of claim 7 wherein: connecting pipe (7) rather than adjacent fixed pipe (1) between along domatic horizontal fertilization pipe (15) that is provided with, connecting pipe (7) and fixed pipe (1) are provided with a plurality ofly respectively, all with fertilization pipe (15) intercommunication, it is provided with charge door (16) to fertilize along its length direction on pipe (15), be provided with loading hopper (17) of taking the top cap on charge door (16), loading hopper (17) stretch out outside domatic soil.

9. The soil and water conservation device of claim 5 wherein: be provided with return bend (18) that are "Z" shape in tank (6), the bottom opening and connecting pipe (7) intercommunication of return bend (18), be provided with butterfly valve (19) on the bottom violently pipe of return bend (18), be provided with bull stick (20) that one end stretches out the top of tank (6) and have the carousel in the pivot of butterfly valve (19).

10. The soil and water conservation device of claim 5 wherein: the fixed pipes (1) are provided with a plurality of pipes and are vertically arranged along the slope, and each fixed pipe (1) is respectively communicated with the moisturizing pipe (2) on the slope; the bottom of the fixed pipe (1) is provided with a plurality of fixed cones (21) along the length direction, and the side walls of the fixed cones (21) are provided with a plurality of barbs; the fixed pipe (1) or the moisturizing pipe (2) positioned at the bottommost position of the sloping field is communicated with a drainage pipe (22) through a drainage pipe.

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