CN114303709A - Shallow-growing drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment device and cultivation method - Google Patents
Shallow-growing drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment device and cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment for shallow planting and a cultivation method, belonging to the field of gardening; wherein, the outer shell and the inner shell of the shallow planting groove both internally enclose a semi-cylindrical shell, and the side walls at both ends of the outer shell are connected with the side walls of the inner shell through bearings and connecting shafts; the side wall of shell one side is protective housing installation side wall, and the bull stick mount table is installed perpendicularly outside the protective housing installation side wall, installs the bull stick perpendicularly on the bull stick mount table, and external gear is installed to the lower part of bull stick, installs in the outer end that faces the side connecting axle with external gear engaged's embedded gear. The shallow planting groove is placed in a planting groove delivery device at the rear of the all-in-one machine. The shallow planting groove with a brand new structure and capable of being recycled is developed, the inner shell and the outer shell are combined, the outer shell is rotated through mechanical transmission, the planting groove is guaranteed to be completely taken out, meanwhile, the inner shell protects Chinese yams, economic loss caused by damage of the Chinese yams is avoided while Chinese yam is excavated and harvested through a Chinese yam manhole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gardening, and particularly relates to a drip irrigation Chinese yam auxiliary device for shallow planting and a cultivation method.
Background
The yam has high nutritive value and better health care effect, and is a commercial crop used as both vegetable and medicine. With the improvement of living standard of people, the health care effect of food is more emphasized, so that the Chinese yam becomes one of the foods favored by modern people. Chinese yam is widely planted in China, is divided into 5 major producing areas, has various varieties, has the characteristics of high yield and high efficiency, and is an ideal popularization project for developing high-efficiency agriculture and promoting income increase of farmers at present. However, the problems of large planting and harvesting excavation depth, low degree of mechanical automation, high cost of manual excavation and the like caused by the longitudinal growth of the Chinese yam become important factors for restricting the large-scale efficient production of the Chinese yam.
At present, a plurality of expert scholars also make some researches for the problems, for example, the invention patent with the patent application number of CN201810996357.8 discloses that the transverse planting tank of the yam is optimized and improved, a corresponding planting method is established, and the benefit of planting the yam is enhanced. For example, the Chinese yam planting method disclosed in the invention patent with the patent application number of CN201810054407.0 discloses that firstly, a mulching film is laid in a U-shaped groove to prevent water, soil and fertilizer from losing, and secondly, a mode of planting Chinese yam in the U-shaped groove by mixed conveying and filling is formed. However, in both cases, the planting still depends on manual work, and the whole process mechanization is not realized. Meanwhile, the quality of the Chinese yam is easy to be reduced due to accumulated water of the Chinese yam, a small amount of irrigation is required for multiple times, and the fertilizer application amount in the growth period of the Chinese yam is large, so that the water and fertilizer integration for planting the Chinese yam is most suitable for planting the Chinese yam by virtue of a full-pipeline system of a drip irrigation technology, and therefore, the combination of full-mechanical planting and harvesting of transverse planting and modern drip irrigation and an automatic control technology provides a technical mode of shallow drip irrigation planting of the transversely-grown Chinese yam, and the technical mode has important significance for planting the Chinese yam.
Based on the above, the invention provides the drip irrigation Chinese yam auxiliary device for the shallow planting and the cultivation method, the shallow planting groove with a brand new structure and capable of being reused for multiple times is developed, the integrated machinery of excavation, planting and earthing is developed in a matching way, the drip irrigation and automatic control technology is combined, the cultivation method for the transverse shallow planting of the Chinese yam is provided, the problems of high labor input cost and the like in the traditional method are greatly reduced, the modern planting of the Chinese yam is realized, and the economic benefit of the Chinese yam planting is greatly improved.
The Chinese yam cultivation method provided by the invention is based on a single-ridge single-row and two-pipe one-row drip irrigation cultivation mode; meanwhile, a shallow planting groove with a brand-new structure and capable of being reused for multiple times is developed, an integrated excavating-planting-earthing machine is developed in a matching manner, and a drip irrigation system is matched for rapid planting; on the premise of protecting the Chinese yam from being completely taken out and damaged, the shallow planting groove can be reused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background art, the invention provides a drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment for shallow planting and a cultivation method, which are characterized in that the attachment comprises a shallow planting groove, and the shallow planting groove comprises: the outer shell and the inner shell are both internally provided with a semi-cylindrical shell, and the side walls at two ends of the outer shell are connected with the side walls of the inner shell through the bearings and the connecting shaft;
a rotating rod mounting table is mounted outside the side wall on one side of the shell, a rotating rod mounting table is vertically mounted outside the protective shell mounting side wall, a rotating rod is vertically mounted on the rotating rod mounting table, an external gear is mounted on the lower portion of the rotating rod, and an embedded gear meshed with the external gear is mounted at the outer end of the adjacent side connecting shaft; during harvesting, the rotating rod is rotated to enable the shell to be lifted to the upper side of the covering soil.
The bottom of the inner shell is provided with a concave water storage tank, so that the moisture of each part in the growth process of the Chinese yam is fully supplied.
The upper end of the rotating rod is provided with a hexagonal joint, and the rotating rod is driven to freely rotate in the circumferential direction by rotating the hexagonal joint, so that the external gear, the embedded gear, the connecting shaft and the inner shell are driven to rotate simultaneously; the end face of the shell is externally provided with a smooth acute angle edge.
The shallow planting groove is placed in a planting groove delivery device behind the all-in-one machine;
the integrated machine for sequentially completing excavation-planting-soil covering operation comprises: the soil covering plough comprises a main supporting structure, driving wheels, a groover mechanism connecting rod, a transmission mechanism platform, a digging cutter transmission belt wheel, a digging cutter transition belt wheel, a digging cutter height fixing rod, a digging wheel mounting platform, a digging wheel fixing rod, a planting groove releasing device, a soil covering plough, a suspension arm, a digging wheel and a digging cutter, wherein the driving wheels are mounted on two sides of the main supporting structure, and wheel shafts of the driving wheels are connected with the power output of a main driving mechanism mounted inside the main supporting structure; an auxiliary wheel for supporting is also arranged at the rear side below the main supporting structure; a grooving mechanism connecting rod is arranged in front of the main supporting structure and is connected with a vertically arranged grooving cutter height fixing rod through a transmission mechanism platform; the lower end of the digging cutter height fixing rod is fixedly connected with a digging wheel mounting platform, at least two digging wheel fixing rods are arranged at the lower end of the digging wheel mounting platform at intervals along the ridge width direction, at least one digging wheel is mounted at the lower part of each digging wheel fixing rod through a digging wheel main shaft, and at least three digging cutters are arranged on the periphery of each digging wheel at equal intervals;
the auxiliary power output shaft is transmitted and driven by a belt to sequentially drive the digging cutter transmission belt wheel, the digging cutter transition belt wheel, the digging wheel main shaft and all the digging wheels to rotate simultaneously; the plurality of excavating wheels are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and the same number of excavating knives are uniformly arranged outside each excavating wheel; the positions of the outer digging knives on all the digging wheels correspond to each other and the directions of the outer digging knives are the same;
the main frame is arranged behind the main supporting structure, the planting groove releasing device positioned behind the main supporting structure is arranged on the main frame, the earthing plow is arranged behind the main frame through the suspension arm, and the earthing plow is positioned behind the planting groove releasing device;
plant groove and put device and include: the planting device comprises a transmission chain protective shell, chain wheel groups, a planting groove mounting shaft, universal transmission shafts, a planting groove placing shell and transmission chains, wherein the transmission chain protective shell is fixedly connected to two sides of a main rack; at least one planting groove installation shaft horizontally arranged is fixedly connected between the two transmission chains, at least two bearings are arranged on the planting groove installation shaft, a semi-cylindrical planting groove placing shell is fixedly connected to each bearing, and a balance weight is arranged below the planting groove placing shell.
The digging cutter and the digging wheel form an inclination angle of 15 degrees, the width of the digging cutter is 7 cm, and the arc length is 120 cm.
A driving seat and an operating platform are installed at the upper end of the main supporting structure, and a plurality of operating rods are arranged above the operating platform.
Also discloses a high-efficiency cultivation method of the drip irrigation Chinese yam auxiliary device for shallow planting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 6, harvesting: rotating the rotating rod to lift the shell above the soil covering; lifting the shell and taking out the whole shallow planting groove.
Before step 2, the following steps are performed:
191, putting Chinese yam seed blocks into the inner shell of the shallow planting groove;
192, uniformly mixing the soft filler with 200 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer and 25-50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate which are quantitatively added per mu, then applying the mixture to the inner shell, and directly filling the inner part of the inner shell.
The fluffy filler is one or more of silt, decomposed sawdust, mushroom residue, bagasse, residue or chaff.
Setting up a conditioning system while laying the pipe, the conditioning system comprising: the underground drip irrigation system with the fertilizer applying device, a central controller for controlling the whole system, a soil moisture collector arranged in the field and a valve controller for controlling field water outlet, wherein the arrangement mode of the soil moisture collector is as follows: each drip irrigation zone setting cell is internally provided with two collectors, and each soil moisture collector is arranged near one drip irrigation zone of the ridge platform and is on the same straight line with the crops; the collector collects the water content of soil layers in the yam planting tank, the water content of soil at the head part and the tail part of the planting tank is respectively detected, and the average value of the head part and the tail part is used as the basis for the final irrigation decision.
The step 5 specifically includes:
step 501, sowing time: irrigating for 1 time with the irrigation rate of 10m3Performing topdressing for 1 time per mu, and applying diammonium phosphate 10 kg/mu and trace elements 0.1 kg/mu dropwise;
step 502, formation period: irrigating for 8 times with the irrigation rate of 10m3Applying urea 6 kg/mu and trace elements 0.5 kg/mu drop by drop for 4 times per mu;
step 503, in the hypertrophy stage: irrigating for 9 times with the irrigation rate of 15m3Per mu; topdressing is carried out for 5 times, 2 kg/mu of urea, 6 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 kg/mu of trace elements are applied dropwise;
step 504, maturation stage: irrigating for 2 times with the irrigation rate of 15m3Per mu, irrigation rate of 45m3Per mu; applying the fertilizer for 1 time, dripping 1 kg/mu of urea, 4 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 0.3 kg/mu of trace elements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. but developed a brand-new structure reuse's shallow living planting groove, through the combination of inside and outside two-layer shell, through the rotatory shell of mechanical transmission, guarantee to plant the groove and completely take out, the while inner shell protection chinese yam avoids the economic loss that the chinese yam damage brought when reducing chinese yam manhole excavation results.
2. An excavation-planting-earthing integrated machine which is suitable for the shallow planting groove is developed, a process of front-section roller excavation, middle-section planting groove placement and rear-section mechanical earthing is formed, mechanized planting is achieved, and manual input of excavation planting in the yam planting process is greatly reduced.
3. The autonomously developed shallow planting groove and the excavation-planting-earthing integrated machine are applied to Chinese yam planting, and are combined with the drip irrigation and automation technology, so that the drip irrigation Chinese yam auxiliary device for shallow planting and the cultivation method are constructed, and the economic benefit of Chinese yam is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated machine in an embodiment of an auxiliary device for a shallow-grown drip irrigation yam according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is an oblique rear view of a planting slot deployment device concealing a portion of a main frame in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the planting groove delivering device in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a shallow planting groove behind a hidden gear protection shell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a hex wrench according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an oblique view of a ridge stage for hiding yam seed blocks and fillers after planting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an oblique view of a ridge after pipe laying according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an automated connection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-outer shell, 2-connecting shaft, 4-inner shell, 5-water storage tank, 7-protective shell installation side wall, 8-embedded gear, 9-external gear, 10-gear protective shell, 11-rotating rod, 12-hexagonal joint, 13-smooth sharp-angle edge, 14-rotating rod installation platform, 15-hexagonal wrench, 101-main support structure, 102-driving wheel, 103-digging mechanism connecting rod, 104-transmission mechanism platform, 105-digging cutter transmission belt wheel, 106-digging cutter transition belt wheel, 107-digging cutter positioning rod, 108-digging wheel installation platform, 109-digging cutter fixing rod, 110-planting tank releasing device, 111-transmission chain protection shell, 112-chain wheel, 113-planting tank, 114-planting tank placing shell, 115-transmission chain, 116-universal transmission shaft, 117-bearing, 118-counterweight, 120-earth-covering plough, 121-suspension arm, 122-main frame, 131-digging wheel, 132-digging cutter, 133-digging wheel main shaft, 134-auxiliary power output shaft, 180-operation table, 181-operation rod, 190-driving seat, 200-inclined small ditch, 600-ridge table and 601-drip irrigation belt.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 1 and 2 includes: an integrated machine for sequentially completing excavation-planting-earth covering operations and a shallow planting groove placed in a planting groove delivery device 110 behind the integrated machine; wherein all-in-one includes: the main supporting structure 101, a driving wheel 102, a digging mechanism connecting rod 103, a transmission mechanism platform 104, a digging cutter transmission belt wheel 105, a digging cutter transition belt wheel 106, a digging cutter height-fixing rod 107, a digging wheel mounting platform 108, a digging wheel fixing rod 109, a planting groove releasing device 110, a soil covering plough 120, a suspension arm 121, a digging wheel 131 and a digging cutter 132, wherein the driving wheel 102 is mounted on two sides of the main supporting structure 101, and the wheel shaft of the driving wheel 102 is connected with the power output of a main driving mechanism (not shown in the figure) mounted inside the main supporting structure 101; an auxiliary wheel for supporting is also arranged at the rear side below the main supporting structure 101;
a grooving mechanism connecting rod 103 is arranged in front of the main supporting structure 101, and the grooving mechanism connecting rod 103 is connected with a vertically arranged grooving tool height fixing rod 107 through a transmission mechanism platform 104; the lower end of the digging cutter height fixing rod 107 is fixedly connected with a digging wheel mounting platform 108, a plurality of digging wheel fixing rods 109 are arranged at the lower end of the digging wheel mounting platform 108 at intervals along the ridge width direction, at least one digging wheel 131 is arranged at the lower part of the digging wheel fixing rods 109 through a digging wheel main shaft 133, and a plurality of digging cutters 132 are arranged at equal intervals on the periphery of the digging wheel 131.
The main frame 122 is arranged behind the main supporting structure 101, the planting groove delivering device 110 positioned behind the main supporting structure 101 is arranged on the main frame 122, the earthing plough 120 is arranged behind the main frame 122 through the suspension arm 121, and the earthing plough 120 is positioned behind the planting groove delivering device 110;
the auxiliary power output shaft 134 sequentially transmits and drives the digging cutter transmission belt wheel 105, the digging cutter transition belt wheel 106, the digging wheel main shaft 133 and each digging wheel 131 to rotate simultaneously by using belt transmission; therefore, the torque transmitted from the auxiliary power output shaft 134 outputted from the auxiliary driving mechanism (not shown in the figure) drives the excavating wheel 131 to rotate through the excavating knife driving pulley 105 installed on the driving mechanism platform 104, the excavating knife transition pulley 106 installed on the excavating wheel installation platform 108 and the excavating wheel main shaft 133 rotatably connected with each excavating wheel fixing rod 109; the plurality of excavating wheels 131 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and the same number of excavating knives 132 are uniformly arranged outside each excavating wheel 131; the outer digging blades 132 on each digging wheel 131 correspond in position and are oriented in the same direction.
A driving seat 190 and an operation table 180 are mounted on the upper end of the main supporting structure 101, and a plurality of operation levers 181 are provided above the operation table 180 to operate the forward and reverse rotation of the auxiliary driving mechanism and the main driving mechanism.
In this embodiment, 9 digging wheels 131 are provided, the digging cutter 132 and the digging wheels 131 form an inclination angle of 15 degrees, the width of the digging cutter is 7 cm, and the arc length is 120 cm; when the main shaft 133 of the digging wheel rotates, 9 rows of parallel oblique small ditches 200 with the width of about 7 centimeters and the length of 120 centimeters can be dug on the ridge at one time, the inclination of the oblique small ditches 200 is about 15 degrees, the upper end is about 10 centimeters deep, and the lower end is about 25-30 centimeters deep.
The planting tank delivering device 110 shown in fig. 2 and 3 includes: the planting device comprises a transmission chain protective shell 111, chain wheel sets 112, a planting groove mounting shaft 113, a universal transmission shaft 116, a planting groove placing shell 114 and a transmission chain 115, wherein the transmission chain protective shell 111 is fixedly connected to two sides of a main frame 122, two obliquely arranged chain wheel sets 112 are rotatably connected and mounted in the transmission chain protective shell 111, each chain wheel in each chain wheel set 112 is driven to rotate through the transmission chain 115, and a wheel shaft of the uppermost chain wheel in each chain wheel set 112 is connected with a main driving mechanism through the universal transmission shaft 116 so as to ensure that the two chain wheel sets 112 rotate at the same speed; a plurality of horizontally arranged planting groove mounting shafts 113 are fixedly connected between the two transmission chains, a plurality of bearings 117 are arranged on the planting groove mounting shafts 113 at equal intervals, a semi-cylindrical planting groove placing shell 114 is fixedly connected to the bearings, and the number of the bearings on each planting groove mounting shaft 113 and the number of the planting groove placing shells 114 are matched with the number of the excavation wheels 131 and correspond to the positions of the excavation wheels; the number of the planting groove mounting shafts 113 is equal to the number of the ridges; the lower portion of the planting groove placing shell 114 is provided with a counterweight 118 for ensuring that the opening of the planting groove placing shell 114 is punched upwards even after the shallow planting groove is placed in the planting groove placing shell 114.
When in preparation, the shallow planting grooves with Chinese yam seed blocks are placed in the planting groove placing shells 114;
during planting, under the driving of the universal transmission shaft 116, each shallow planting groove is manually placed into the inclined small groove 200 which is formed on each ridge below by each digging cutter 132;
in the present embodiment, 9 planting groove placing cases 114 are provided for placing the shallow planting grooves for a total of 6 layers.
The shallowly grown implant pod, as shown in fig. 4, comprises: the device comprises an outer shell 1, a connecting shaft 2, bearings 3, an inner shell 4, an embedded gear 8, an external gear 9, a rotating rod 11 and a hexagonal joint 12, wherein the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 4 both internally enclose a semi-cylindrical shell, the upper parts of the side walls at two ends of the outer shell 1 are respectively provided with one bearing 3, and the inside of each bearing 3 is provided with the connecting shaft 2 fixedly connected with the side wall of the inner shell 4 in an interference fit manner; a plurality of concave water storage tanks 5 are arranged at the bottom of the inner shell 4 at intervals to ensure that the water at each part is fully supplied in the growth process of the Chinese yam;
the side wall on one side of the shell 1 is a protective shell installation side wall 7, a rotating rod installation table 14 is vertically installed outside the protective shell installation side wall 7, a rotating rod 11 is vertically installed on the rotating rod installation table 14, an external gear 9 is installed on the lower portion of the rotating rod 11, and an embedded gear 8 meshed with the external gear 9 is installed at the outer end of the connecting shaft 2 on the near side; the upper end of the rotating rod 11 is provided with a hexagonal joint 12, the rotating rod 11 is driven to freely rotate in the circumferential direction by rotating the hexagonal joint 12, and then the external gear 9, the embedded gear 8, the connecting shaft 2 and the inner shell 4 are driven to rotate at the same time; the end surface of the shell 1 is integrally provided with a smooth sharp corner edge 13 which is convenient to rotate.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the hexagonal wrench 15 engaged with the hexagonal socket 12 is L-shaped and has a long rotation part;
in this embodiment, a gear protection shell 10 (not shown in fig. 4) is installed outside the protection shell installation side wall 7, and the gear protection shell 10 is wrapped outside the external gear 9, the internal gear 8 and the rotating rod installation table 14, so as to ensure that the external gear 9 and the internal gear 8 which are often arranged under the ridge can normally work.
When planting, when a worker places the shallow planting groove into the small inclined ditch 200, one side of the rotating rod 11 is positioned at the upper end of the small inclined ditch 200, and after filling the pit, the hexagonal joint 12 is flush with the ground so as to be operated during harvesting.
The efficient cultivation method using the all-in-one machine comprises the following steps:
and 6, harvesting.
Wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
ridging is carried out according to design, and after ridging, regular small ditches are excavated by using a digging cutter transmission belt wheel 105 and a digging cutter 132 in front of the integrated machine for excavation-planting-earthing operation; a plurality of parallel small inclined ditches 200 are dug on the ridge at intervals, the inclination of the small inclined ditches 200 is about 15 degrees, the upper end of each small inclined ditch is about 10cm deep, and the lower end of each small inclined ditch is about 25-30 cm deep.
Before the step 1, design work is firstly carried out, the yam planting mode in the cultivation method is a shallow planting mode, a single-ridge single-row mode and a two-tube one-row mode, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, a row of yams are planted on one ridge, the yams grow obliquely with the ground, drip irrigation belts are arranged on ridge platforms, the drip irrigation belts with the flow rate of 3.0-4.0L/h are adopted, and the set planting parameters are as follows: the planting distance is 20-25 cm, the shallow planting grooves are 80-120cm, the ridge height is 25-30 cm, the ridge top width is 50-60 cm, and the ridge bottom width is 100-120 cm.
In this embodiment, the area where the embodiment is located is sown by the excavation-planting-soil covering all-in-one machine at the beginning of 4 months, for example, 500 mu of Chinese yam is planted in a certain farm in Tongzhou area in Beijing, the 500 mu of Chinese yam drip irrigation system is divided into 5 irrigation cells, an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the water inlet of each cell, and two soil moisture sensors are arranged in the field of the cell. Still be provided with drip irrigation system is supporting: the device comprises a water pump, a fertilizing device, a combined filter and wireless transmission equipment. Selecting a tape-casting drip irrigation tape with the flow rate of 3.0L/h, the wall thickness of 0.2mm and the dripper spacing of 30cm from field capillary, laying the tape-casting drip irrigation tape with the length of 60m, adopting a mode of two pipes and one line, and laying the tape-casting drip irrigation tape on two sides of the earth surface of the ridge 600; shallow planting grooves are arranged under the ridge platforms, the length of each shallow planting groove is 100cm, the height of the outer shell is 20cm, and the height of the inner shell is 15 cm; the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge top width is 110cm, and the ridge bottom width is 130 cm.
When the shallow planting grooves are placed in the step 2, the prepared shallow planting grooves are placed in the excavated inclined small ditches 200 in a one-to-one corresponding mode and are properly pressed;
in this embodiment, the oblique furrows 200 are placed in advance in the various planting-groove placing housings 114 of the planting-groove placing device 110 in the excavation-planting-earth-covering integrated machine; the planting groove placing shells 114 in each row gradually rotate along with the advancing of the all-in-one machine, and an operator sequentially places each shallow planting groove into the inclined sulcus 200 below at the rear.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: the excavated soil is re-attached into the pit by the soil-covering plough 120 in the excavation-planting-soil-covering all-in-one machine, the upper end (hexagonal joint 12) of the rotating rod 11 is exposed out of the upper surface of the ridge, and the final planting groove planting schematic diagram is shown in fig. 8.
In the present embodiment, the height of the soil covering plow 120 is adjusted by a boom 121 in the excavation-planting-soil covering machine.
The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: the pipe laying and the film covering are carried out through a pipe laying-film covering integrated machine, the film covering is preferably carried out by adopting a black plastic mulching film or a liquid mulching film, the black plastic mulching film is sprayed on the ridge with 1-2 days to increase the temperature and preserve the soil moisture, the ground temperature of the Chinese yam is ensured to be more than 10 degrees, the Chinese yam germination is promoted, and the liquid mulching film with the degradation time of 20-30 days is preferably adopted. After sowing, liquid mulching film is sprayed for raising temperature and preserving soil moisture and promoting crop germination.
As shown in fig. 8, the adjusting system provided at the same time when laying the pipe includes: the system comprises an underground drip irrigation system with a fertilizer application device, a central controller for controlling the whole system, a soil moisture collector arranged in the field, a valve controller for controlling field water outlet and the like, wherein the central controller is a central pivot for realizing automatic control of the drip irrigation system, and a wireless transceiver is used for receiving a soil moisture sensor signal and sending commands to the valve controller, a water pump and the fertilizer application device. The central controller can also be connected with a dissolved oxygen sensor, an EC/pH sensor, a pressure sensor and other equipment to help drip irrigation system managers to monitor the working state of the system; the valve controller and the matched electromagnetic valve are arranged at the entrance of the field irrigation community; the valve controller receives the command of the central controller and executes opening and closing, thereby realizing automatic control of irrigation.
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a corresponding regulation and control method, which comprises the following specific processes: when the soil moisture sensor detects that the soil moisture reaches the irrigation water limit of the growth period, the information is sent to the central controller through wireless transmission and is forwarded to a mobile phone terminal of a drip irrigation system manager by the central controller, the manager can make irrigation and fertilization decisions according to the demand condition of the fertilizer in the growth period, when irrigation and fertilization are needed, a user inputs an instruction to the central controller, and controls devices such as a water pump and fertilization in the head part to perform quantitative fertilization operation, and meanwhile, the central controller sends a signal to the valve controller, and the electromagnetic valve is started to perform operations such as irrigation and fertilization. When the irrigation requirement is met, the soil moisture sensor can transmit a stop signal to the central controller, and the central controller transmits a closing signal to the electromagnetic valve and the water pump, so that the system stops working.
In this embodiment, since the yam is planted every other year, the repeated utilization rate of the pipeline in the drip irrigation system and the convenience for changing caused by crop replacement need to be considered, and the overall design mode of the main trunk PE hard pipe and the field branch main trunk PE hose is selected. The field trunk road is made of PE hard pipes, and the buried depth is 40-50 cm; the PE hose is a detachable movable hose; the capillary adopts the drip irrigation tape product of anti-clogging, insect bite, and the laying mode adopts two pipes one row, lays on the ridge, in order to reduce manufacturing cost, reduce the pollution risk, to adopting drip irrigation tape to retrieve the machine to the preferred after chinese yam is reaped, carries out recovery processing to drip irrigation tape 601.
In this embodiment, the soil moisture collectors are arranged in the following manner: two collectors are arranged in each drip irrigation zone setting cell, and each soil moisture collector is arranged near one drip irrigation zone 601 of the ridge stand and is on the same straight line with the crops. The collector collects the water content of soil layers in the yam planting tank, the water content of soil at the head part and the tail part of the planting tank is respectively detected, the average value of the head part and the tail part is used as the basis for the final irrigation decision, and the soil water information is sent to the mobile phone terminal of the user through the wireless transmission device.
The step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 501, sowing time: irrigating for 1 time with the irrigation rate of 10m3And (4) topdressing for 1 time per mu, and dripping 10 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 0.1 kg/mu of trace elements.
Step 502, formation period: irrigating for 8 times with the irrigation rate of 10m3And (4) topdressing for 4 times per mu, 6 kg/mu of urea and 0.5 kg/mu of trace elements are dripped.
Step 503, in the hypertrophy stage: irrigating for 9 times with the irrigation rate of 15m3Per mu; topdressing is carried out for 5 times, 2 kg/mu of urea, 6 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 kg/mu of trace elements are applied dropwise.
Step 504, maturation stage: irrigating for 2 times with the irrigation rate of 15m3Per mu, irrigation rate of 45m3Per mu; applying the fertilizer for 1 time, dripping 1 kg/mu of urea, 4 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 0.3 kg/mu of trace elements.
The specific management scheme of irrigation is shown in table 1, and the irrigation scheme of yam planting is programmed into a central controller at the stage of pipe laying for automatically controlling irrigation and irrigation quantity.
TABLE 1 irrigation protocol under drip irrigation conditions (percentage of field capacity)
The step 6 specifically comprises the following steps:
during harvesting, the hexagonal wrench 15 is in butt joint with the hexagonal joint 12 of the shallow planting groove, the transverse rod of the hexagonal wrench 15 is rotated forcibly to enable the rotating rod 11 to rotate, and meanwhile, the soil covering above the inner shell 4 is lightly pressed; therefore, the outer shell 1 is driven to rotate through the external gear 9 and the embedded gear 8, and the outer shell 1 can be easily lifted to the upper part of the covering soil because the smooth sharp corner edge 13 is arranged outside the section of the outer shell 1 of the shallow planting groove; and finally, the outer shell 1 is pulled up, and the shallow planting groove is taken out completely, so that the labor input is reduced, and the integrity of the Chinese yam in the inner shell 4 is ensured.
In any preparation time before step 2, the following steps are carried out:
191, putting Chinese yam seed blocks into the inner shell 4 of the shallow planting groove;
192, uniformly mixing the soft filler with 200 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer and 25-50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate which are quantitatively added per mu, then applying the mixture into the inner shell, and directly filling the shallow planting groove (the inner shell 4) with the soft filler; wherein the soft filler can be selected from silt, or decomposed sawdust, mushroom residue, bagasse, residue or testa oryzae, etc. with convenient material source; enough soft filler is filled in the shallow planting groove, and the amount of the soft filler has important influence on the normal extension of the seed block and whether the shape is smooth and straight.
In step 192, base fertilizers (decomposed organic fertilizers, biological organic fertilizers and calcium superphosphate) of the Chinese yams are applied to planting grooves and ridges when the Chinese yams are planted in shallow plants, preferably the organic fertilizers are adopted, and the application amount is 2-4 t per mu; the top dressing adopts drip irrigation and water and fertilizer integrated application along with water, and selects the fertilizer with higher solubility, and the specific top dressing scheme is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 fertilization protocol under drip irrigation conditions
Claims (10)
1. A shallow-grown drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment device is characterized by comprising a shallow-grown planting groove, wherein the shallow-grown planting groove comprises: the device comprises an outer shell (1), a connecting shaft (2), a bearing (3), an inner shell (4), an embedded gear (8), an external gear (9) and a rotating rod (11), wherein the outer shell (1) and the inner shell (4) both internally enclose a semi-cylindrical shell, and side walls at two ends of the outer shell (1) are connected with the side walls of the inner shell (4) through the bearing (3) and the connecting shaft (2); a rotating rod mounting table (14) is mounted outside the side wall of one side of the shell (1), a rotating rod (11) is mounted on the rotating rod mounting table (14), an external gear (9) is mounted on the lower portion of the rotating rod (11), and an embedded gear (8) meshed with the external gear (9) is mounted at the outer end of the adjacent side connecting shaft (2); when harvesting, the rotating rod (11) is rotated to lift the shell (1) to the upper part of the covering soil.
2. The shallow planting drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the inner shell (4) is provided with a concave water storage tank (5) to ensure the sufficient water supply of each part of the Chinese yam during the growth process.
3. The shallow planting drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a hexagonal joint (12) is arranged at the upper end of the rotating rod (11), the rotating rod (11) is driven to freely rotate in the circumferential direction by rotating the hexagonal joint (12), and further the external gear (9), the internal gear (8), the connecting shaft (2) and the inner shell (4) are driven to rotate simultaneously; the end surface of the shell (1) is externally provided with a smooth acute angle edge (13).
4. The drip irrigation Chinese yam auxiliary device for shallow planting according to claim 1, wherein the shallow planting groove is placed in a planting groove delivery device (110) at the rear of the all-in-one machine;
the integrated machine for sequentially completing excavation-planting-soil covering operation comprises: the soil covering plough comprises a main supporting structure (101), driving wheels (102), a digging mechanism connecting rod (103), a transmission mechanism platform (104), a digging cutter transmission belt wheel (105), a digging cutter transition belt wheel (106), a digging cutter height-fixing rod (107), a digging wheel mounting platform (108), a digging wheel fixing rod (109), a planting groove releasing device (110), a soil covering plough (120), a suspension arm (121), digging wheels (131) and digging cutters (132), wherein the driving wheels (102) are mounted on two sides of the main supporting structure (101), and wheel shafts of the driving wheels (102) are connected with power output of a main driving mechanism mounted inside the main supporting structure (101); an auxiliary wheel for supporting is also arranged at the rear side below the main supporting structure (101); a grooving mechanism connecting rod (103) is arranged in front of the main supporting structure (101), and the grooving mechanism connecting rod (103) is connected with a vertically arranged digging cutter height-fixing rod (107) through a transmission mechanism platform (104); the lower end of the digging cutter height fixing rod (107) is fixedly connected with a digging wheel mounting platform (108), at least two digging wheel fixing rods (109) are arranged at the lower end of the digging wheel mounting platform (108) at intervals along the ridge width direction, at least one digging wheel (131) is arranged at the lower part of each digging wheel fixing rod (109) through a digging wheel main shaft (133), and at least three digging cutters (132) are arranged on the periphery of each digging wheel (131) at equal intervals;
the auxiliary power output shaft (134) sequentially transmits and drives the digging cutter transmission belt wheel (105), the digging cutter transition belt wheel (106), the digging wheel main shaft (133) and each digging wheel (131) to rotate simultaneously by using belt transmission; the plurality of excavating wheels (131) are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and the same number of excavating knives (132) are uniformly arranged outside each excavating wheel (131); the positions of the outer digging knives (132) on all the digging wheels (131) correspond to each other and have the same direction;
the main frame (122) is arranged behind the main supporting structure (101), the planting groove releasing device (110) positioned behind the main supporting structure (101) is arranged on the main frame (122), the soil covering plough (120) is arranged behind the main frame (122) through the suspension arm (121), and the soil covering plough (120) is positioned behind the planting groove releasing device (110);
the planting tank delivering device (110) comprises: the planting device comprises a transmission chain protective shell (111), chain wheel sets (112), planting groove mounting shafts (113), universal transmission shafts (116), a planting groove placing shell (114) and transmission chains (115), wherein the transmission chain protective shell (111) is fixedly connected to two sides of a main frame (122), two groups of obliquely arranged chain wheel sets (112) are rotatably connected and mounted in the transmission chain protective shell (111), each chain wheel in each group of chain wheel sets (112) is driven to rotate through the transmission chain (115), wheel shafts of the uppermost chain wheels in each group of chain wheel sets (112) are connected with a main driving mechanism through the universal transmission shafts (116), and therefore the two groups of chain wheel sets (112) can rotate at the same speed; at least one planting groove mounting shaft (113) horizontally arranged is fixedly connected between the two transmission chains, at least two bearings (117) are arranged on the planting groove mounting shaft (113), a semi-cylindrical planting groove placing shell (114) is fixedly connected to the bearings, and a balance weight (118) is arranged below the planting groove placing shell (114).
5. The shallow planting drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the digging blade (132) and the digging wheel (131) are inclined at an angle of 15 degrees, the width of the digging blade is 7 cm, and the arc length is 120 cm.
6. The shallow planting drip irrigation Chinese yam attachment device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a driving seat (190) and an operating platform (180) are mounted at the upper end of the main supporting structure (101), and an operating rod (181) for operating the auxiliary driving mechanism and the main driving mechanism is arranged above the operating platform (180).
7. The method for cultivating a shallow-planted drip irrigation yam attachment device efficiently as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
step 1, ridging and excavating small ditches;
step 2, planting: placing a shallow planting groove with yam seed blocks in the oblique small ditch of the ridge;
step 3, filling the pit by using a soil covering plough;
step 4, pipe laying and film covering;
step 5, drip irrigation;
step 6, harvesting: rotating the rotating rod to lift the shell above the soil covering; lifting the shell and taking out the whole shallow planting groove.
8. The method for efficiently cultivating the shallow planting drip irrigation Chinese yam auxiliary device according to claim 7, wherein the following steps are performed before the step 2:
191, putting Chinese yam seed blocks into the inner shell of the shallow planting groove;
192, uniformly mixing the soft filler with 200 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer and 25-50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate which are quantitatively added per mu, then applying the mixture to the inner shell, and directly filling the inner part of the inner shell.
9. The efficient cultivation method of the shallow planting drip irrigation Chinese yam auxiliary device, as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fluffy filler is one or more of silt, decomposed sawdust, mushroom residue, bagasse, herb residue or rice husk.
10. The method for cultivating the shallow-growing drip irrigation Chinese yam auxiliary device efficiently according to the claim 7, wherein a regulating system is arranged while laying the pipe, and the regulating system comprises: the underground drip irrigation system with the fertilizer applying device, a central controller for controlling the whole system, a soil moisture collector arranged in the field and a valve controller for controlling field water outlet, wherein the arrangement mode of the soil moisture collector is as follows: each drip irrigation zone setting cell is internally provided with two collectors, and each soil moisture collector is arranged near one drip irrigation zone of the ridge platform and is on the same straight line with the crops; the collector collects the water content of soil layers in the yam planting tank, the water content of soil at the head part and the tail part of the planting tank is respectively detected, and the average value of the head part and the tail part is used as the basis for the final irrigation decision.
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