CN111869495A - Planting and maintaining method for improving survival rate of cinnamomum camphora - Google Patents
Planting and maintaining method for improving survival rate of cinnamomum camphora Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869495A CN111869495A CN202010831104.2A CN202010831104A CN111869495A CN 111869495 A CN111869495 A CN 111869495A CN 202010831104 A CN202010831104 A CN 202010831104A CN 111869495 A CN111869495 A CN 111869495A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/50—Movable or transportable mixing devices or plants
- B01F33/501—Movable mixing devices, i.e. readily shifted or displaced from one place to another, e.g. portable during use
- B01F33/5013—Movable mixing devices, i.e. readily shifted or displaced from one place to another, e.g. portable during use movable by mechanical means, e.g. hoisting systems, grippers or lift trucks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting and maintenance method for improving the survival rate of camphor trees, which is characterized in that peripheral seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings are trimmed, lateral branches at 1/3 on the lower part of a trunk are cut off, lateral branches at 2/3 on the upper part of the trunk are cut off in a layering manner, and larger seedlings are cut off comprehensively, so that the survival rate is ensured; cofferdams for blocking water are arranged around the seedlings to prevent the activity of root blisters from losing; adding a rooting solution into the irrigated water to stimulate the growth of new roots, irrigating as first rooting water, arranging workers to extract accumulated water according to the condition of observing the accumulated water of the seedlings by using a vent pipe within 24 hours after the first watering, and supplementing water again after the seedlings are corrected, so that the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora is improved; in conclusion, according to the invention, the cinnamomum camphora is planted by transplanting peripheral seedlings, so that the seed taking difficulty is reduced, the time is saved, and meanwhile, the rooting powder and the fertilizer are used for replacing pesticides, so that the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora is improved, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camphor tree planting and maintenance, in particular to a planting and maintenance method for improving the survival rate of camphor trees.
Background
The camphor tree has excellent material and fragrance, is a good material for superior buildings, furniture and processes, the camphor and camphor oil of the camphor tree are widely used in the processes, the substitute industry, the medicine and the national defense industry, in addition, the camphor tree is also a good tree species for greening in the four-transformation, the camphor tree is an evergreen arbor, is loved by light, has strong main root, developed root system, is loved by warm and humid climate, has strong adaptability, fast growth and long service life, the best river shoal alluvial growth is around the deep and fertile flat ground, the plants all have camphor fragrance, can extract camphor and camphor oil, the camphor trees have resistance to harmful gases such as chlorine, sulfur dioxide, ozone, fluorine gas and the like, can repel mosquitoes and flies, can resist short-term flooding, are main raw materials for producing camphor, and during the planting process of the camphor trees, it is not suitable for planting in autumn and winter and in summer with temperature higher than 35 deg.C, and the trees will lose water quickly and die before planting due to high temperature.
The patent with the application number of CN201510947649.9 discloses a planting method of cinnamomum camphora. It comprises the following steps: A. carrying out rotary tillage on the land, and fertilizing after the rotary tillage; B. treating seeds, namely selecting plump seeds, soaking the plump seeds in water at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, then soaking the plump seeds in water at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, and then disinfecting the seeds; C. sowing, namely sowing seeds, and watering and irrigating the land after sowing; D. managing in seedling stage, namely applying calcium superphosphate after seeds grow and sprout; E. and (4) performing later-period management, namely trimming branches and leaves of the grown trees, and spraying pesticide on the trees.
However, the planting method of the cinnamomum camphora in the patent adopts a sowing planting method, the seeds are selected more complexly, the cinnamomum camphora cannot be used after the ground falls for a long time, but the seeds are collected too early, the germination rate is low, the cinnamomum camphora is difficult to treat and is difficult to store, and meanwhile, the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora is improved by spraying pesticides in the patent, so that the environment is seriously polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a planting and maintaining method for improving the survival rate of cinnamomum camphora, pruning the nursery stock by transplanting the peripheral nursery stock, cutting off the lateral branches of 1/3 at the lower part of the main trunk, cutting off the lateral branches of 2/3 at the upper part of the main trunk in a layering way, and comprehensively cutting off the larger saplings to ensure the survival rate; cofferdams for blocking water are arranged around the seedlings to prevent the activity of root blisters from losing; adding rooting liquid into the irrigated water to stimulate the growth of new roots, irrigating as first rooting water, arranging workers to extract accumulated water according to the observation of the accumulated water condition of the seedlings by using the ventilation pipes within 24 hours after the first watering, correcting the seedlings and replenishing water again, improving the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora, the nursery stock with the diameter at breast height of more than 10 centimeters needs to be watered to supplement the nutrition required by the growth of the cinnamomum camphora, meanwhile, the leaves and stems of the cinnamomum camphora are sprayed with the antifreezing agent to form a layer of protective film, thereby blocking the attack of cold flow and monsoon, improving the frost resistance of the plants, reducing the damage of branches and leaves caused by wind erosion, reducing the influence of external factors on the cinnamomum camphora, by applying the organic fertilizer to the soil, the silicon fertilizer in the fertilizer components can improve the stress resistance of crops, improve photosynthesis, stimulate root development and enhance the disease resistance of the cinnamomum camphora, thereby achieving the purposes of saving fertilizer, reducing cost and improving survival rate;
the purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a planting and maintenance method for improving the survival rate of cinnamomum camphora comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting peripheral seedlings for transplanting, ensuring that the latitude difference between a planting place and a seedling original production place does not exceed two latitudes and the linear distance between the two places does not exceed 300km, digging soil balls for transplanting the seedlings with the breast diameter of less than 10 cm according to the conventional requirement, wherein the diameter of the soil balls is about 6 times of the trunk of the transplanted tree, and performing root cutting and root promoting treatment on large seedlings with the breast diameter of more than 10 cm;
step two: pruning the selected nursery stock, pruning 1/3 side branches at the lower part of the main trunk, pruning 2/3 side branches at the upper part of the main trunk in layers, cutting the larger saplings comprehensively, coating wound healing paste when the pruning cuts are larger, and enabling the thickness of the wound healing paste to be larger than 2 cm;
step three: digging a planting hole, wherein the diameter of the planting hole is 0.5 m larger than the diameter of the soil ball, and the depth of the planting hole is 20cm deeper than the thickness of the soil ball;
step four: before planting the nursery stock, preparing an organic fertilizer by using a fertilizer mixing and stirring device, applying the organic fertilizer at the bottom of a planting hole as a base fertilizer, paving a fine soil cushion layer, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 5kg per plant, arranging 2 vent pipes at a position 20cm away from a soil ball, binding gauze at the bottom of the vent pipes to prevent the vent pipes from being blocked by soil, and inserting the vent pipes into stones, wherein the insertion depth of the vent pipes is not less than the thickness of the soil ball;
step five: removing the binder of the nursery stock, planting the nursery stock in the planting hole, filling the backfill soil added with the organic fertilizer in the planting hole, and forming a cofferdam for retaining water around the nursery stock;
step six: immediately watering the seedlings after planting, wherein the seedlings need to be watered thoroughly for the first watering, so that the root systems of the trees are ensured to be in close contact with the soil, and the root systems can heal and take root;
step seven: the method for maintaining the cinnamomum camphora specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: 2 bottles of water need to be hung for nursery stocks with the diameter at breast height of more than 15 centimeters, the needle holes are located below the position of 30cm from the soil ball and enter the xylem for 3cm, the hole sites are sealed by clay, the height of a hanging bag is favorable for the flowing of solution, the hanging bag is placed at the position of the back of the body, a support rod is installed on the trunk of the cinnamomum camphora, the thickness of the support rod is matched with the size of a tree, the height of the support rod, which is set up to be not less than 1.8 meters, is 20cm from the diameter at breast height, the support force is ensured to meet the requirement by the straight and smooth rods, the opening angles of the support rods are consistent, the angles are 70;
s2: in winter, two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth are adopted to wrap the camphor tree trunk in a winding manner and are fastened by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the tree trunk until reaching a secondary branch point of the tree trunk, then the cold-proof cloth is wound by a plastic film and is wound from bottom to top in the same way, and the plastic film is prevented from being blown by wind and rotten;
s3: the leaves and stems of the cinnamomum camphora are sprayed with an antifreezing agent to form a layer of protective film, so that the attack of cold flow and monsoon wind is blocked, the frost resistance of the plants is improved, and the damage of branches and leaves caused by wind erosion is reduced;
s4: fully freezing water is irrigated to the newly planted camphor trees, and the base parts of the trees are covered with films for hilling after irrigation, so that the moisture required by the trees is ensured, and the cold resistance is improved;
s5: installing a fixed support bracket for all the branches of the nursery stock;
s6: in summer, the trunk must be wrapped by straw ropes, and the wrapping height is not less than 1 grade of branch;
s7: the cooling water spraying time is controlled to be 16 pm before 10 am, and the water is atomized and the root part of the water cannot be accumulated;
s8: and (3) preventing water accumulation in rainy days, excavating a intercepting ditch at the junction of the green belt and the sidewalk, arranging a grass and stone isolation belt, connecting a water outlet of the intercepting ditch with other drainage facilities, and ensuring that the longitudinal slope of the ditch bottom is not less than 0.3%.
As a further scheme of the invention: the fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment in the fourth step comprises a rubber pad, a workbench, a connecting frame, a reinforcing plate, a barrel, a handle, an access door, a feeding hole, a first rib plate, a motor base, a discharging hole, a second rib plate, a bottom plate, a first shaft sleeve and a motor; the bottom end of the workbench is symmetrically provided with four rubber pads, the top end of the workbench is fixedly connected with two connecting frames, the two connecting frames are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the workbench, a barrel is arranged between the two connecting frames, a supporting frame is arranged on the barrel and is fixedly connected with the workbench, a reinforcing plate is fixedly connected to the barrel, a plurality of access doors are arranged on the barrel, handles are fixedly arranged on the access doors, and a feed inlet is formed in one side of the top end of the barrel;
a first rib plate is fixedly connected to one side, close to the feed inlet, of the barrel body, a second rib plate is fixedly connected to one side, far away from the feed inlet, of the barrel body, a bottom plate is fixedly connected to the second rib plate, a main transmission shaft penetrates through the barrel body, one end, far away from the feed inlet, of the main transmission shaft penetrates through the bottom plate and is sleeved with a first shaft sleeve, a main wheel hub is sleeved at one end, close to the feed inlet, of the main transmission shaft, a second shaft sleeve is installed between the main wheel hub and the main transmission shaft, a discharge outlet is formed in one side, far away from the feed inlet, of the bottom end of the workbench, a motor base is fixedly connected to one side of the workbench, a motor is fixedly installed at the top end of the motor base, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with an auxiliary wheel hub, the main, a dustproof net is fixedly installed on one side, away from the output shaft, of the fan, a pull ring is arranged at the top end of the motor, and an electric control box is arranged at one end, close to the output shaft, of the pull ring;
the main transmission shaft is provided with a plurality of rotating mechanisms at equal intervals, each rotating mechanism comprises a rotating rod shaft, a fixing nut and a scraper, the fixing nut is sleeved on the rotating rod shaft, and one end of the rotating rod shaft, far away from the fixing nut, is fixedly connected with the scraper through a bolt;
four recesses have been seted up to the bottom of workstation, recess internally mounted has the fixing base, the cylinder is installed to the bottom of fixing base, the output of cylinder is provided with the telescopic link, one side that the cylinder was kept away from to the bottom of fixing base is provided with the folding rod, the one end fixed connection that the cylinder was kept away from to the central node of folding rod and telescopic link, the bottom fixedly connected with connecting plate of folding rod, the bottom of connecting plate is provided with the gyro wheel.
As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation process of the organic fertilizer in the fourth step is as follows:
SS 1: weighing 15 parts by weight of compost, 15 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 11 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer, 8 parts by weight of potassium fertilizer and 5 parts by weight of stable manure according to the weight to obtain the raw materials of the organic fertilizer;
SS 2: raw materials of the organic fertilizer enter the barrel through the feed inlet, the main transmission shaft is matched with the rotating mechanism, and the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are stirred and mixed through fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
SS 3: after the even mixing, under the effect of the scraper blade on the slewing mechanism, the fertilizer rolls along the inner wall of barrel, and outside the discharge gate discharge fertilizer mixing stirring equipment through the workstation bottom afterwards, obtain this organic fertilizer.
As a further scheme of the invention: the compost is a mixture of plant substances, soil, human excrement and garbage; the nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of urea and ammonium chloride; the silicon fertilizer is a mixture of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer; a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; manure is a mixture of livestock manure and feed stubbles.
As a further scheme of the invention: the working process of preparing the organic fertilizer by the fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment in the step S2 is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: starting an air cylinder at the bottom end of the workbench, driving a telescopic rod to do reciprocating motion, driving a folding rod to move at the same time, and driving the fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment to move to a working position through a roller at the bottom end of a connecting plate when the folding rod is vertical to the ground;
step two: starting a motor at the top end of a motor base, wherein an output shaft of the motor drives an auxiliary hub to rotate, the auxiliary hub drives a main hub to rotate through a composite conveyor belt, so that a main transmission shaft is driven to rotate, a rotating mechanism on the main transmission shaft also rotates along with the main hub, and the operation of fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment is realized;
step three: raw materials of the organic fertilizer enter the barrel through the feed inlet, the main transmission shaft is matched with the rotating mechanism, and the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are stirred and mixed through fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
step four: after the even mixing, under the effect of the scraper blade on the slewing mechanism, the fertilizer rolls along the inner wall of barrel, and outside the discharge gate discharge fertilizer mixing stirring equipment through the workstation bottom afterwards, obtain this organic fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the planting and maintenance method for improving the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora, disclosed by the invention, the seedlings are trimmed by transplanting the peripheral seedlings, the lateral branches of 1/3 at the lower part of the trunk are cut off, the lateral branches of 2/3 at the upper part of the trunk are cut off in a layering manner, and the larger seedlings are cut off comprehensively, so that the survival rate is ensured; cofferdams for blocking water are arranged around the seedlings to prevent the activity of root blisters from losing; adding a rooting solution into the irrigated water to stimulate the growth of new roots, irrigating as first rooting water, arranging workers to extract accumulated water according to the condition of observing the accumulated water of the seedlings by using a vent pipe within 24 hours after the first watering, and supplementing water again after the seedlings are corrected, so that the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora is improved;
2. the method has the advantages that water is hung on the seedlings with the diameter at breast height of more than 10 centimeters, nutrition required by growth of the cinnamomum camphora is supplemented, and meanwhile, an antifreezing agent is sprayed on leaves and stems of the cinnamomum camphora to form a layer of protective film, so that attack of cold flow and monsoon wind is blocked, the freezing resistance of plants is improved, branch and leaf damage caused by wind erosion is reduced, and the influence of external factors on the cinnamomum camphora is reduced;
3. by applying the organic fertilizer to the soil, the silicon fertilizer in the fertilizer components can improve the stress resistance of crops, improve photosynthesis, stimulate root development and enhance the disease resistance of the cinnamomum camphora, thereby achieving the purposes of saving fertilizer, reducing cost and improving survival rate;
4. when the folding rod is perpendicular to the ground, the fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment is driven to move through a roller at the bottom end of the connecting plate so as to move to a working position; starting a motor at the top end of a motor base, wherein an output shaft of the motor drives an auxiliary hub to rotate, the auxiliary hub drives a main hub to rotate through a composite conveyor belt, so that a main transmission shaft is driven to rotate, a rotating mechanism on the main transmission shaft also rotates along with the main hub, and the operation of fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment is realized; raw materials of the organic fertilizer enter the barrel through the feed inlet, the main transmission shaft is matched with the rotating mechanism, and the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are stirred and mixed through fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment; after the organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed, the organic fertilizer rolls along the inner wall of the barrel under the action of the scraper on the rotating mechanism, and then the organic fertilizer is discharged out of the fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment through the discharge hole at the bottom end of the workbench, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained, the organic fertilizer raw materials are more fully mixed and stirred, the fertilizer is more uniform during fertilization, the fertilizer application effect is good, the growth of the roots of cinnamomum camphora is facilitated, the fertilizer application cost is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved;
in conclusion, according to the invention, the cinnamomum camphora is planted by transplanting peripheral seedlings, so that the seed taking difficulty is reduced, the time is saved, and meanwhile, the rooting powder and the fertilizer are used for replacing pesticides, so that the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora is improved, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic fertilizer mixing and stirring device in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the organic fertilizer mixing and stirring apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the organic fertilizer mixing and stirring device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of the organic fertilizer mixing and stirring device in the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the main drive shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the transmission rod of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the composite power transmission belt of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the groove of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a rubber pad; 2. a work table; 3. a connecting frame; 4. a reinforcing plate; 5. a barrel; 6. a handle; 7. an access door; 8. a feed inlet; 9. a first rib plate; 10. a motor base; 11. a discharge port; 12. a second rib plate; 13. a base plate; 14. a first bushing; 15. a motor; 16. a protective shell; 17. a second shaft sleeve; 18. a support frame; 19. a groove; 20. a dust screen; 21. a fan; 22. a pull ring; 23. an electronic control box; 24. a rotating mechanism; 25. a main drive shaft; 26. an auxiliary hub; 27. a composite conveyor belt; 28. a main hub; 29. a fixed seat; 30. a cylinder; 31. a telescopic rod; 32. a folding bar; 33. a roller; 34. a connecting plate; 35. rotating the rod shaft; 36. fixing a nut; 37. a scraper.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, in this embodiment, a planting and maintaining method for increasing the survival rate of cinnamomum camphora includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting peripheral seedlings for transplanting, ensuring that the latitude difference between a planting place and a seedling original production place does not exceed two latitudes and the linear distance between the two places does not exceed 300km, digging soil balls for transplanting the seedlings with the breast diameter of less than 10 cm according to the conventional requirement, wherein the diameter of the soil balls is about 6 times of the trunk of the transplanted tree, and performing root cutting and root promoting treatment on large seedlings with the breast diameter of more than 10 cm;
step two: pruning the selected nursery stock, pruning 1/3 side branches at the lower part of the main trunk, pruning 2/3 side branches at the upper part of the main trunk in layers, cutting the larger saplings comprehensively, coating wound healing paste when the pruning cuts are larger, and enabling the thickness of the wound healing paste to be larger than 2 cm;
step three: digging a planting hole, wherein the diameter of the planting hole is 0.5 m larger than the diameter of the soil ball, and the depth of the planting hole is 20cm deeper than the thickness of the soil ball;
step four: before planting the nursery stock, preparing an organic fertilizer by using a fertilizer mixing and stirring device, applying the organic fertilizer at the bottom of a planting hole as a base fertilizer, paving a fine soil cushion layer, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 5kg per plant, arranging 2 vent pipes at a position 20cm away from a soil ball, binding gauze at the bottom of the vent pipes to prevent the vent pipes from being blocked by soil, and inserting the vent pipes into stones, wherein the insertion depth of the vent pipes is not less than the thickness of the soil ball;
step five: removing the binder of the nursery stock, planting the nursery stock in the planting hole, filling the backfill soil added with the organic fertilizer in the planting hole, and forming a cofferdam for retaining water around the nursery stock;
step six: immediately watering the seedlings after planting, wherein the seedlings need to be watered thoroughly for the first watering, so that the root systems of the trees are ensured to be in close contact with the soil, and the root systems can heal and take root;
step seven: the method for maintaining the cinnamomum camphora specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: 2 bottles of water need to be hung for nursery stocks with the diameter at breast height of more than 15 centimeters, the needle holes are located below the position of 30cm from the soil ball and enter the xylem for 3cm, the hole sites are sealed by clay, the height of a hanging bag is favorable for the flowing of solution, the hanging bag is placed at the position of the back of the body, a support rod is installed on the trunk of the cinnamomum camphora, the thickness of the support rod is matched with the size of a tree, the height of the support rod, which is set up to be not less than 1.8 meters, is 20cm from the diameter at breast height, the support force is ensured to meet the requirement by the straight and smooth rods, the opening angles of the support rods are consistent, the angles are 70;
s2: in winter, two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth are adopted to wrap the camphor tree trunk in a winding manner and are fastened by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the tree trunk until reaching a secondary branch point of the tree trunk, then the cold-proof cloth is wound by a plastic film and is wound from bottom to top in the same way, and the plastic film is prevented from being blown by wind and rotten;
s3: the leaves and stems of the cinnamomum camphora are sprayed with an antifreezing agent to form a layer of protective film, so that the attack of cold flow and monsoon wind is blocked, the frost resistance of the plants is improved, and the damage of branches and leaves caused by wind erosion is reduced;
s4: fully freezing water is irrigated to the newly planted camphor trees, and the base parts of the trees are covered with films for hilling after irrigation, so that the moisture required by the trees is ensured, and the cold resistance is improved;
s5: installing a fixed support bracket for all the branches of the nursery stock;
s6: in summer, the trunk must be wrapped by straw ropes, and the wrapping height is not less than 1 grade of branch;
s7: the cooling water spraying time is controlled to be 16 pm before 10 am, and the water is atomized and the root part of the water cannot be accumulated;
s8: the method comprises the following steps of preventing water accumulation in rainy days, excavating an intercepting ditch at the junction of a green belt and a sidewalk, arranging a grass-stone isolation belt, connecting a water outlet of the intercepting ditch with other drainage facilities, and ensuring that the longitudinal slope of the ditch bottom is not less than 0.3%;
the preparation process of the organic fertilizer in the fourth and fifth steps is as follows:
SS 1: weighing 15 parts by weight of compost, 15 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 11 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer, 8 parts by weight of potassium fertilizer and 5 parts by weight of stable manure according to the weight to obtain the raw materials of the organic fertilizer;
SS 2: raw materials of the organic fertilizer enter the barrel body 5 through the feed inlet 8, the main transmission shaft 25 is matched with the rotating mechanism 24, and the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are stirred and mixed through fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
SS 3: after uniform mixing, under the action of the scraper 37 on the rotating mechanism 24, the organic fertilizer rolls along the inner wall of the barrel 5, and then is discharged out of the mixing and stirring equipment through the discharge hole 11 at the bottom end of the workbench 2, so as to obtain the organic fertilizer;
the compost is a mixture of plant substances, soil, human excrement and garbage; the nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of urea and ammonium chloride; the silicon fertilizer is a mixture of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer; a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; manure is a mixture of livestock manure and feed stubbles.
The survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora in example 1 is investigated by sampling, twenty cinnamomum camphora are randomly extracted, and the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora is 75% if the number of the survived cinnamomum camphora is 15;
example 2
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, in this embodiment, a planting and maintaining method for increasing the survival rate of cinnamomum camphora includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting peripheral seedlings for transplanting, ensuring that the latitude difference between a planting place and a seedling original production place does not exceed two latitudes and the linear distance between the two places does not exceed 300km, digging soil balls for transplanting the seedlings with the breast diameter below 8 cm according to the conventional requirement, wherein the diameter of the soil balls is about 5 times of the trunk of the transplanted tree, and performing root cutting and root promoting treatment on large seedlings with the breast diameter above 8 cm;
step two: pruning the selected nursery stock, pruning 1/3 side branches at the lower part of the main trunk, pruning 2/3 side branches at the upper part of the main trunk in layers, cutting the larger saplings comprehensively, coating wound healing paste when the pruning cuts are larger, and enabling the thickness of the wound healing paste to be larger than 2 cm;
step three: digging a planting hole, wherein the diameter of the planting hole is 1 m larger than the diameter of the soil ball, and the depth of the planting hole is 25cm deeper than the thickness of the soil ball;
step four: before planting the nursery stock, preparing an organic fertilizer by using a fertilizer mixing and stirring device, applying the organic fertilizer at the bottom of a planting hole as a base fertilizer, paving a fine soil cushion layer, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 10kg per plant, 4 vent pipes are arranged at positions 30cm away from a soil ball, gauze is bound at the bottom of each vent pipe to prevent soil from blocking the vent pipes, and the insertion depth of each vent pipe is not less than the thickness of the soil ball and is inserted into stones;
step five: removing the binder of the nursery stock, planting the nursery stock in the planting hole, filling the backfill soil added with the organic fertilizer in the planting hole, and forming a cofferdam for retaining water around the nursery stock;
step six: immediately watering the seedlings after planting, wherein the first watering needs to be conducted thoroughly to ensure that the root systems of the trees are in close contact with the soil so as to facilitate the healing and rooting of the root systems, a rooting solution is added into the watered water so as to stimulate the growth of new roots, the water is used as first root fixing water for watering, workers are arranged to pump out the accumulated water according to the condition that the accumulated water of the seedlings is observed by a vent pipe within 24 hours after the first watering, and the seedlings are corrected to supplement water again;
step seven: the method for maintaining the cinnamomum camphora specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: 3 bottles of water need to be hung for nursery stocks with the diameter at breast height of more than 10 centimeters, the needle holes are positioned below 20cm of soil balls and enter 4cm of xylem, hole positions are sealed by clay, the height of hanging bags is favorable for flowing of solution, the hanging bags are placed at the shady positions, support rods are installed on the trunks of cinnamomum camphora, the thickness of the support rods is matched with the size of a tree, the height of the support rods is not less than 2 meters when the diameter at breast height of 20cm is erected, the support rods are straight and smooth to ensure that the support force meets the requirement, the opening angles of the support rods are consistent, the angles are 70 degrees, and the depth of the bottom angles supported into the soil is not less;
s2: in winter, two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth are adopted to wrap the camphor tree trunk in a winding manner and are fastened by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the tree trunk until reaching a secondary branch point of the tree trunk, then the cold-proof cloth is wound by a plastic film and is wound from bottom to top in the same way, and the plastic film is prevented from being blown by wind and rotten;
s3: the leaves and stems of the cinnamomum camphora are sprayed with an antifreezing agent to form a layer of protective film, so that the attack of cold flow and monsoon wind is blocked, the frost resistance of the plants is improved, and the damage of branches and leaves caused by wind erosion is reduced;
s4: fully freezing water is irrigated to the newly planted camphor trees, and the base parts of the trees are covered with films for hilling after irrigation, so that the moisture required by the trees is ensured, and the cold resistance is improved;
s5: installing a fixed support bracket for all the branches of the nursery stock;
s6: in summer, the trunk must be wrapped by straw ropes, and the wrapping height is not less than 1 grade of branch;
s7: the cooling water spraying time is controlled to be 16 pm before 10 am, and the water is atomized and the root part of the water cannot be accumulated;
s8: the method comprises the following steps of preventing water accumulation in rainy days, excavating an intercepting ditch at the junction of a green belt and a sidewalk, arranging a grass-stone isolation belt, connecting a water outlet of the intercepting ditch with other drainage facilities, and ensuring that the longitudinal slope of the ditch bottom is not less than 0.4%;
the preparation process of the organic fertilizer in the fourth and fifth steps is as follows:
SS 1: weighing 20 parts by weight of compost, 20 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 20 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of potassium fertilizer and 8 parts by weight of stable manure according to the weight to obtain the raw materials of the organic fertilizer;
SS 2: raw materials of the organic fertilizer enter the barrel body 5 through the feed inlet 8, the main transmission shaft 25 is matched with the rotating mechanism 24, and the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are stirred and mixed through fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
SS 3: after uniform mixing, under the action of the scraper 37 on the rotating mechanism 24, the organic fertilizer rolls along the inner wall of the barrel 5, and then is discharged out of the mixing and stirring equipment through the discharge hole 11 at the bottom end of the workbench 2, so as to obtain the organic fertilizer;
the compost is a mixture of plant substances, soil, human excrement and garbage; the nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of urea and ammonium chloride; the silicon fertilizer is a mixture of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer; a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; manure is a mixture of livestock manure and feed stubbles.
The survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora in example 2 is investigated by sampling, twenty cinnamomum camphora are randomly extracted, and the survival rate of the cinnamomum camphora is 90% if the number of the survived cinnamomum camphora is 18;
example 3
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the organic fertilizer mixing and stirring apparatus in this embodiment includes a rubber pad 1, a workbench 2, a connecting frame 3, a reinforcing plate 4, a barrel 5, a handle 6, an access door 7, a feed inlet 8, a first rib plate 9, a motor base 10, a discharge port 11, a second rib plate 12, a bottom plate 13, a first shaft sleeve 14, and a motor 15; the bottom end of the workbench 2 is symmetrically provided with four rubber pads 1, the top end of the workbench 2 is fixedly connected with two connecting frames 3, the two connecting frames 3 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the workbench 2, a barrel 5 is arranged between the two connecting frames 3, a supporting frame 18 is arranged on the barrel 5, the supporting frame 18 is fixedly connected with the workbench 2, the barrel 5 is fixedly connected with a reinforcing plate 4, the barrel 5 is provided with a plurality of access doors 7, the access doors 7 are fixedly provided with handles 6, and one side of the top end of the barrel 5 is provided with a feeding hole 8;
one side of the cylinder body 5 close to the feed inlet 8 is fixedly connected with a first rib plate 9, one side of the cylinder body 5 far away from the feed inlet 8 is fixedly connected with a second rib plate 12, a bottom plate 13 is fixedly connected onto the second rib plate 12, a main transmission shaft 25 penetrates through the cylinder body 5, one end of the main transmission shaft 25 far away from the feed inlet 8 penetrates through the bottom plate 13 and is sleeved with a first shaft sleeve 14, one end of the main transmission shaft 25 close to the feed inlet 8 is sleeved with a main hub 28, a second shaft sleeve 17 is installed between the main hub 28 and the main transmission shaft 25, one side of the bottom end of the workbench 2 far away from the feed inlet 8 is provided with a discharge hole 11, one side of the workbench 2 is fixedly connected with a motor base 10, the top end of the motor base 10 is fixedly installed with a motor 15, the output end of the motor 15 is fixedly connected with an auxiliary hub 26, a protective shell 16 is arranged around the composite conveyor belt 27, a fan 21 is arranged on one side of the motor 15 away from the output shaft, a dustproof net 20 is fixedly installed on one side of the fan 21 away from the output shaft, a pull ring 22 is arranged at the top end of the motor 15, and an electric control box 23 is arranged at one end of the pull ring 22 close to the output shaft;
a plurality of rotating mechanisms 24 are equidistantly mounted on the main transmission shaft 25, each rotating mechanism 24 comprises a rotating rod shaft 35, a fixing nut 36 and a scraper 37, the fixing nut 36 is sleeved on the rotating rod shaft 35, and one end of the rotating rod shaft 35, which is far away from the fixing nut 36, is fixedly connected with the scraper 37 through a bolt;
four grooves 19 are formed in the bottom end of the workbench 2, a fixed seat 29 is installed inside each groove 19, an air cylinder 30 is installed at the bottom end of each fixed seat 29, an expansion rod 31 is arranged at the output end of each air cylinder 30, a folding rod 32 is arranged on one side, away from the air cylinder 30, of the bottom end of each fixed seat 29, a central node of each folding rod 32 is fixedly connected with one end, away from the air cylinder 30, of each expansion rod 31, a connecting plate 34 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of each folding rod 32, and a roller 33 is arranged at the bottom end of each;
referring to fig. 1 to 8, the organic fertilizer mixing and stirring apparatus in this embodiment has the following working process:
the method comprises the following steps: starting the air cylinder 30 at the bottom end of the workbench 2, driving the telescopic rod 31 to do reciprocating motion, driving the folding rod 32 to move, and driving the stirring equipment to move to a working position through the roller 33 at the bottom end of the connecting plate 34 when the folding rod 32 is vertical to the ground;
step two: starting the motor 15 at the top end of the motor base 10, driving the auxiliary hub 26 to rotate by an output shaft of the motor 15, driving the main hub 28 to rotate by the auxiliary hub 26 through the composite conveyor belt 27 so as to drive the main transmission shaft 25 to rotate, and driving the rotating mechanism 24 on the main transmission shaft 25 to rotate along with the main hub, thereby realizing the operation of the fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
step three: raw materials of the organic fertilizer enter the barrel body 5 through the feed inlet 8, the main transmission shaft 25 is matched with the rotating mechanism 24, and the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are stirred and mixed through fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
step four: after the organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed, under the action of the scraper 37 on the rotating mechanism 24, the organic fertilizer rolls along the inner wall of the barrel 5, and then is discharged out of the mixing and stirring equipment through the discharge hole 11 at the bottom end of the workbench 2, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A planting and maintenance method for improving the survival rate of cinnamomum camphora is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting peripheral seedlings for transplanting, ensuring that the latitude difference between a planting place and a seedling original production place does not exceed two latitudes and the linear distance between the two places does not exceed 300km, digging soil balls for transplanting the seedlings with the breast diameter of less than 10 cm according to the conventional requirement, wherein the diameter of the soil balls is about 6 times of the trunk of the transplanted tree, and performing root cutting and root promoting treatment on large seedlings with the breast diameter of more than 10 cm;
step two: pruning the selected nursery stock, pruning 1/3 side branches at the lower part of the main trunk, pruning 2/3 side branches at the upper part of the main trunk in layers, cutting the larger saplings comprehensively, coating wound healing paste when the pruning cuts are larger, and enabling the thickness of the wound healing paste to be larger than 2 cm;
step three: digging a planting hole, wherein the diameter of the planting hole is 0.5 m larger than the diameter of the soil ball, and the depth of the planting hole is 20cm deeper than the thickness of the soil ball;
step four: before planting the nursery stock, preparing an organic fertilizer by using a fertilizer mixing and stirring device, applying the organic fertilizer at the bottom of a planting hole as a base fertilizer, paving a fine soil cushion layer, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 5kg per plant, arranging 2 vent pipes at a position 20cm away from a soil ball, binding gauze at the bottom of the vent pipes to prevent the vent pipes from being blocked by soil, and inserting the vent pipes into stones, wherein the insertion depth of the vent pipes is not less than the thickness of the soil ball;
step five: removing the binder of the nursery stock, planting the nursery stock in the planting hole, filling the backfill soil added with the organic fertilizer in the planting hole, and forming a cofferdam for retaining water around the nursery stock;
step six: immediately watering the seedlings after planting, wherein the seedlings need to be watered thoroughly for the first watering, so that the root systems of the trees are ensured to be in close contact with the soil, and the root systems can heal and take root;
step seven: the method for maintaining the cinnamomum camphora specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: 2 bottles of water need to be hung for nursery stocks with the diameter at breast height of more than 15 centimeters, the needle holes are located below the position of 30cm from the soil ball and enter the xylem for 3cm, the hole sites are sealed by clay, the height of a hanging bag is favorable for the flowing of solution, the hanging bag is placed at the position of the back of the body, a support rod is installed on the trunk of the cinnamomum camphora, the thickness of the support rod is matched with the size of a tree, the height of the support rod, which is set up to be not less than 1.8 meters, is 20cm from the diameter at breast height, the support force is ensured to meet the requirement by the straight and smooth rods, the opening angles of the support rods are consistent, the angles are 70;
s2: in winter, two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth are adopted to wrap the camphor tree trunk in a winding manner and are fastened by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the tree trunk until reaching a secondary branch point of the tree trunk, then the cold-proof cloth is wound by a plastic film and is wound from bottom to top in the same way, and the plastic film is prevented from being blown by wind and rotten;
s3: spraying an antifreezing agent on leaves and stems of the cinnamomum camphora;
s4: filling the newly planted camphor trees with sufficient frozen water, and covering the base parts of the trees with films for hilling after filling;
s5: installing a fixed support bracket for all the branches of the nursery stock;
s6: in summer, the trunk must be wrapped by straw ropes, and the wrapping height is not less than 1 grade of branch;
s7: the cooling water spraying time is controlled to be 16 pm before 10 am, and the water is atomized and the root part of the water cannot be accumulated;
s8: and (3) preventing water accumulation in rainy days, excavating a intercepting ditch at the junction of the green belt and the sidewalk, arranging a grass and stone isolation belt, connecting a water outlet of the intercepting ditch with other drainage facilities, and ensuring that the longitudinal slope of the ditch bottom is not less than 0.3%.
2. The planting and maintenance method for improving the survival rate of cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment in the fourth step comprises a rubber mat (1), a workbench (2), a connecting frame (3), a reinforcing plate (4), a cylinder body (5), a handle (6), an access door (7), a feeding hole (8), a first rib plate (9), a motor base (10), a discharging hole (11), a second rib plate (12), a bottom plate (13), a first shaft sleeve (14) and a motor (15); four rubber pads (1) are symmetrically installed at the bottom end of the workbench (2), two connecting frames (3) are fixedly connected to the top end of the workbench (2), the two connecting frames (3) are symmetrically installed on two sides of the workbench (2), a barrel (5) is installed between the two connecting frames (3), a supporting frame (18) is arranged on the barrel (5), the supporting frame (18) is fixedly connected with the workbench (2), a reinforcing plate (4) is fixedly connected to the barrel (5), a plurality of access doors (7) are installed on the barrel (5), handles (6) are fixedly installed on the access doors (7), and a feeding hole (8) is formed in one side of the top end of the barrel (5);
one side, close to the feed inlet (8), of the cylinder body (5) is fixedly connected with a first rib plate (9), one side, far away from the feed inlet (8), of the cylinder body (5) is fixedly connected with a second rib plate (12), the second rib plate (12) is fixedly connected with a bottom plate (13), a main transmission shaft (25) penetrates through the cylinder body (5), one end, far away from the feed inlet (8), of the main transmission shaft (25) penetrates through the bottom plate (13) and is sleeved with a first shaft sleeve (14), one end, close to the feed inlet (8), of the main transmission shaft (25) is sleeved with a main hub (28), a second shaft sleeve (17) is installed between the main hub (28) and the main transmission shaft (25), one side, far away from the feed inlet (8), of the bottom end of the workbench (2) is provided with a discharge outlet (11), one side of the workbench (2) is fixedly connected with a motor base (10), and the, the output end of the motor (15) is fixedly connected with an auxiliary hub (26), the main hub (28) is matched with the auxiliary hub (26) through a composite conveyor belt (27), a protective shell (16) is arranged around the composite conveyor belt (27), a fan (21) is arranged on one side of the motor (15) far away from the output shaft, a dust screen (20) is fixedly installed on one side of the fan (21) far away from the output shaft, a pull ring (22) is arranged at the top end of the motor (15), and an electric control box (23) is arranged at one end, close to the output shaft, of the pull ring (22);
a plurality of rotating mechanisms (24) are equidistantly mounted on the main transmission shaft (25), each rotating mechanism (24) comprises a rotating rod shaft (35), a fixing nut (36) and a scraper (37), the fixing nut (36) is sleeved on the rotating rod shaft (35), and one end, far away from the fixing nut (36), of the rotating rod shaft (35) is fixedly connected with the scraper (37) through bolts;
four recess (19) have been seted up to the bottom of workstation (2), recess (19) internally mounted has fixing base (29), cylinder (30) are installed to the bottom of fixing base (29), the output of cylinder (30) is provided with telescopic link (31), one side that cylinder (30) were kept away from to the bottom of fixing base (29) is provided with folding rod (32), the one end fixed connection of cylinder (30) is kept away from with telescopic link (31) to the central node of folding rod (32), the bottom fixedly connected with connecting plate (34) of folding rod (32), the bottom of connecting plate (34) is provided with gyro wheel (33).
3. The planting and maintaining method for improving survival rate of cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the organic fertilizer in the fourth step is as follows:
SS 1: weighing 15 parts by weight of compost, 15 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 11 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer, 8 parts by weight of potassium fertilizer and 5 parts by weight of stable manure according to the weight to obtain the raw materials of the organic fertilizer;
SS 2: raw materials of the organic fertilizer enter the barrel body (5) through the feed inlet (8), the main transmission shaft (25) is matched with the rotating mechanism (24), and the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are stirred and mixed through fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
SS 3: after the organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed, under the action of a scraper (37) on a rotating mechanism (24), the organic fertilizer rolls along the inner wall of the barrel body (5), and then is discharged out of the mixing and stirring equipment through a discharge hole (11) at the bottom end of the workbench (2), so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
4. The planting and maintaining method for increasing survival rate of cinnamomum camphora according to claim 2, wherein the compost is a mixture of plant material, soil, human excrement and garbage; the nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of urea and ammonium chloride; the silicon fertilizer is a mixture of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer; a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; manure is a mixture of livestock manure and feed stubbles.
5. The planting and maintaining method for improving survival rate of cinnamomum camphora according to claim 2, wherein the fertilizer mixing and stirring device of step S2 is used for preparing organic fertilizer as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: starting an air cylinder (30) at the bottom end of the workbench (2), driving a telescopic rod (31) to do reciprocating motion, and simultaneously driving a folding rod (32) to move, and when the folding rod (32) is vertical to the ground, driving the stirring equipment to move through a roller (33) at the bottom end of a connecting plate (34) so as to enable the stirring equipment to move to a working position;
step two: starting a motor (15) at the top end of a motor base (10), driving an auxiliary hub (26) to rotate by an output shaft of the motor (15), driving a main hub (28) to rotate by the auxiliary hub (26) through a composite conveyor belt (27), so as to drive a main transmission shaft (25) to rotate, and driving a rotating mechanism (24) on the main transmission shaft (25) to rotate along with the main hub, so as to realize the operation of the fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
step three: raw materials of the organic fertilizer enter the barrel body (5) through the feed inlet (8), the main transmission shaft (25) is matched with the rotating mechanism (24), and the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are stirred and mixed through fertilizer mixing and stirring equipment;
step four: after the organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed, under the action of a scraper (37) on a rotating mechanism (24), the organic fertilizer rolls along the inner wall of the barrel body (5), and then is discharged out of the mixing and stirring equipment through a discharge hole (11) at the bottom end of the workbench (2), so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
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