CN114287567B - 一种柑橘副产物在高压预处理豆类罐头中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种柑橘副产物在高压预处理豆类罐头中的应用,在豆类罐头制作过程中,对豆子采用高压蒸汽预煮,并在高压蒸汽预煮过程中喷淋包括柑橘副产物的喷淋剂。本发明降低整体加工过程中的温度,并将传统的浸泡、水预煮工艺合并为高压预蒸煮,能有效解决其在储藏过程中久置凝结的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体为一种柑橘副产物在高压预处理豆类罐头中的应用。
背景技术
豆类罐头传统工艺包括:豆子先以流动水漂洗干净,再浸泡10-24小时。放在连续预煮机中预煮,温度为95℃以上,时间为5~10分钟左右,煮至半熟,在预煮机的出口及曲线流槽注入流动水,使预煮好的蚕豆在15分钟之内冷却至常温,并立即送拣选台拣豆。拣豆后按照工艺要求加入食盐,味精,白糖调味料煮沸,煮沸后将汤倒入不锈钢容器中过滤,经管道泵入罐中。对空罐进行初步清洗和杀菌后,经传递窗口将空罐输送至操作台板,便于装罐。机械装罐。真空封口,封口后的罐头在1个小时之内杀菌、冷却、保温、包装入库。传统工艺中出现的最主要的问题在于:豆子容易开裂,淀粉溢出,造成罐头内的豆子容易凝结在一起,凝结在罐底或罐盖(图1,包装后放置了3个月)。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种柑橘副产物在罐头加工中的应用方法,降低传统加工过程中的整体温度,将传统的浸泡、水预煮工艺合并为高压预蒸煮,并在冷却漂洗阶段采用漂洗液对豆类进行漂洗,能有效解决其在储藏过程中久置凝结的问题。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案为:
一种包含柑橘副产物的喷淋剂,所述喷淋剂中:壳聚糖4~6(g/L),柑橘超微粉0.2~0.4(g/L)。
优选地,所述喷淋剂制备方法为:用60~65℃水搅拌溶解壳聚糖、柑橘超微粉,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂。
优选地,所述柑橘超微粉的制作方法为:柑橘果皮、果肉分别进行脱苦处理后用清水洗净,在常压55-63℃干燥,当水分≤5%为干燥终点,随后用粉碎机粉碎,过80-100目筛;再将两者混合,即为柑橘超微粉。
所述包含柑橘副产物喷淋剂应用于豆类罐头的生产。
优选地,所述应用为在豆类罐头制作过程中,对豆子采用高压蒸汽预煮,并在高压蒸汽预煮过程中喷淋所述喷淋剂,所述豆类包括芸豆或蚕豆或青豆或其他。
进一步优选地,所述应用具体包括以下步骤:
S1高压蒸汽预煮:将豆子置高压灭菌锅中,60~65℃蒸汽预煮至豆子的含水率达到原重量的100%~180%;再采用100~115℃高压蒸汽预煮0.2~15min;
S2冷却、漂洗:高压蒸汽预煮完的豆粒应迅速在漂洗液中清洗30~50mim,清洗完后用流水迅速让豆类迅速降温;
S3选豆:漂洗后的豆子,进行复检,剔除破损、斑点、虫破裂或其他不合格豆及杂豆,然后再用清水淘洗,沥水后装罐;
S4配汤:加入配料进行配汤;
S5装罐:进行装罐封口;
S6杀菌及冷却:杀菌并冷却至常温;
完成高压预处理豆类罐头的制备。
更进一步优选地,所述步骤S1中,60~65℃蒸汽预煮过程中每20~30min向豆子喷洒喷淋剂150~250ml/kg干豆子,喷淋6-8次。
更进一步优选地,所述步骤S1中,高压蒸汽预煮温度为100~115℃,0.2~15min。
更进一步优选地,所述步骤S2中,漂洗液中含蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.4~0.6(g/L),制备方法为将蔗糖脂肪酸酯溶于35-45℃水中再使用。
更进一步优选地,所述步骤S6杀菌及冷却:108~115℃,时间为35~65分钟;杀菌后的罐头用冷水急速冷却至35-42℃。
一种高压预处理豆类罐头的制作工艺,所述工艺具体包括以下步骤:
S1高压蒸汽预煮:将豆子置高压灭菌锅中,60~65℃蒸汽预煮至豆子的含水率达到原重量的100%~180%;再采用100~115℃高压蒸汽预煮0.2~15min;
S2冷却、漂洗:高压蒸汽预煮完的豆粒应迅速在漂洗液中清洗30~50mim,清洗完后用流水迅速让豆类迅速降温;
S3选豆:漂洗后的豆子,进行复检,剔除破损、斑点、虫破裂或其他不合格豆及杂豆,然后再用清水淘洗,沥水后装罐;
S4配汤:加入配料进行配汤;
S5装罐:进行装罐封口;
S6杀菌及冷却:杀菌并冷却至常温;
完成高压预处理豆类罐头的制备。
优选地,所述步骤S1中,60~65℃蒸汽预煮过程中每20~30min向豆子喷洒喷淋剂150~250ml/kg豆子,喷淋6-8次。
进一步优选地,所述喷淋剂中:壳聚糖4~6(g/L),柑橘超微粉0.2~0.4(g/L)。
更进一步优选地,所述喷淋剂制备方法为:用60~65℃水搅拌溶解壳聚糖、柑橘超微粉,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂。
再更进一步优选地,所述柑橘超微粉的制作方法为:柑橘果皮、果肉分别进行脱苦处理后用清水洗净,在常压55-63℃干燥,当水分≤5%为干燥终点,随后用粉碎机粉碎,过80-100目筛;再将两者混合,即为柑橘超微粉。
优选地,所述步骤S1中,高压蒸汽预煮温度为100~115℃,0.2~15min。
优选地,所述步骤S2中,漂洗液中含蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.4~0.6(g/L),制备方法为将蔗糖脂肪酸酯溶于35-45℃水中再使用。
优选地,所述步骤S6杀菌及冷却:108~115℃,时间为35~65分钟;杀菌后的罐头用冷水急速冷却至35-42℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明降低整体加工过程中的温度,并将传统的浸泡、水预煮工艺合并为高压预蒸煮,能有效解决其在储藏过程中久置凝结的问题。
具有以下优点:
优点1:精简了工艺步骤;
优点2:本发明高温蒸汽预煮相当于在豆子表面的淀粉先进行熟化变性,加速豆类糊化,减少后期破损率,变性之后,可以阻止开裂,阻止淀粉溢出,工艺前期加速豆类糊化,减少后期破损率;
优点3:缩短了浸泡时间,以前是多少浸泡18-24h,现在不需浸泡合并在高温蒸汽预煮环节,采用喷淋,提高加工效率;
优点4:将配汤中的抗凝剂提前到预煮环节,并采用喷淋方式,让每粒能充分吸收,有效控制其吸水性,防止过度吸水膨胀破裂。(柑橘纤维具有乳化、增稠、保水、持水以及抗冻的效果,用壳聚糖裹包豆类可以改善混汤现象);
优点5:冷却液中的蔗糖脂肪酸酯能有效吸附豆类表皮的糊化淀粉,减少加工过程中淀粉析出。蔗糖脂肪酸酯的添加能防止因热变而引起淀粉蛋白的沉淀或粘附,防止淀粉回生、老化。
附图说明
图1是传统工艺豆类罐头传统工艺产品凝结结块粘连情况;
图2是加入实施例1经过高压预处理后豆子破碎情况(左边为破碎豆,右边为整粒);
图3是加入实施例1经过高压预处理后罐盖粘连情况;
图4是加入实施例5-1喷淋剂为壳聚糖破碎情况(左边为破碎豆,右边为整粒);
图5是加入实施例5-1喷淋剂为壳聚糖罐盖粘连情况;
图6是加入实施例5-2喷淋剂为脐橙超微粉破碎情况(左边为破碎豆,右边为整粒);
图7是加入实施例5-2喷淋剂为脐橙超微粉罐盖粘连情况;
图8是加入实施例2喷淋剂为壳聚糖+脐橙超微粉协同作用破碎情况(左边为破碎豆,右边为整粒);
图9是加入实施例2喷淋剂为壳聚糖+脐橙超微粉罐盖粘连情况;
图10加入实施例5喷淋剂为壳聚糖+脐橙超微粉+漂洗液为蔗糖脂肪酸酯协同作用破碎情况(左边为破碎豆,右边为整粒);
图11是加入实施例5喷淋剂为壳聚糖+脐橙超微粉+漂洗液为蔗糖脂肪酸酯罐盖粘连情况。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施案例对本发明作进一步详细说明。本实施案例在以本发明技术为前提下进行实施,现给出详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程来说明本发明具有创造性,但本发明的保护范围不限于以下的实施案例。
对比例
豆类罐头传统工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)原料验收;
2)辅料验收:食盐、味精,白糖,三聚磷酸钠,按国家标准验收;
3)浸泡:用筛去除泥沙杂质,选出小豆,虫蛀,黑斑点,破皮豆,先以流动水漂洗干净,再浸泡18小时;
4)预煮冷却:将芸豆放在连续预煮机中预煮,温度为95℃以上,时间为8分钟左右,以煮熟为准,在预煮机的出口及曲线流槽注入流动水,使预煮好的芸豆在15分钟之内冷却至常温,并立即送拣选台拣豆;
5)拣豆:冷却后的芸豆放在拣选台上,人工挑选去除其中的虫蛀豆、污斑豆等杂质,然后装罐,中间不堆积;
6)配汤:符合生活饮用水标准的水注入夹层锅中,按照工艺要求加入食盐,味精,白糖调味料煮沸,煮沸后将汤倒入不锈钢容器中过滤,经管道泵入罐中;
7)空罐及盖验收:由质检部对空罐进行试漏实验,不得有发生泄漏现象,对卷边外观进行检验,不得出现严重缺陷。对其卷边进行解剖检测,要求迭接率、接缝盖钩完整率达到50%以上,紧密度达到60%以上,对空罐使用的脱膜涂料的附着力和密封胶的注胶量进行检验,达到相关国家标准后,方可接收投入生产;
8)空罐清洗:空罐经82℃以上热水冲洗,热水由蒸汽和自来水混合产生。对空罐进行初步清洗和杀菌后,经传递窗口将空罐输送至操作台板,便于装罐;
9)装罐:机械装罐,装好芸豆的罐头再经过人工抽样检查,以保证产品固形物含量,采用不锈钢管道加汤入罐中,并连续性地进行封口作业;
10)真空封口:用全自动封罐机对装好的罐头进行封口工作,封口室内抽真空,封口车抽真空度达0.02MPa以上。到以保证产品的真空度,确保产品质量。封口后的罐头在1个小时之内杀菌;
11)杀菌及冷却:罐头交错装笼后,放入杀菌锅中,关紧锅门,排出空气后,充入蒸汽进行灭菌,恒温温度为121℃,时间为80分钟。杀菌过程中,杀菌锅的水银温度计/温度自动记录仪、压力表要求一致。杀菌操作工每锅对杀菌的时间和温度进行记录,要求记录准确真实,杀菌恒温结束后,关闭蒸汽进入阀,输入压缩空气后用水泵通过杀菌锅的进水阀向杀菌锅中注入符合生活饮用水标准的水,当杀菌锅水注满后,及时打开杀菌缸的放水阀放水,实现循环冷却水对罐头实施冷却操作,对放出的冷却水进行余氯的测定,冷却水的余氯要求达到0.5ppm以上;
12)保温:经杀菌冷却出笼后的罐头,经风机吹干喷码,码放在托盘上,常温下放置7天以上;
13)包装入库:已保温七天以上的罐头,用小木棒打检,查看每听罐头有无涨罐现象发生,发现问题剔除,无问题贴标包装入库,以保证产品质量。芸豆的破碎料为12.57%,产品具体情况见图1(放置3个月的实物图)。
实施例1以1kg芸豆为例(仅高压蒸汽预处理)
1. 原料挑选:选择红芸豆;
2. 高压蒸汽预煮:将芸豆置高压灭菌锅中62℃,每25min时向芸豆喷洒喷淋剂220ml,约6次左右,至芸豆的含水率达到原重量的170%;采用高压蒸汽预煮,温度105℃,30min;
喷淋剂:63℃水;
3. 冷却、漂洗:高压蒸汽预煮完的豆粒应迅速在冷水内冷却,用流水迅速让豆类迅速降温。冷却漂洗时间不少于1h;
4. 选豆:漂洗后的豆,再进行一次复检,剔除破损、斑点、虫破裂等不合格豆及杂豆,然后再用清水淘洗一次,沥水后装罐;
5. 配汤:0.48%盐,0.013%EDTA的水溶液(总占比);
6. 装罐;
7. 杀菌及冷却:115℃,时间为62分钟;杀菌后的罐头用冷水急速冷却至40℃。具体见图2、图3。
经过步骤2高压蒸汽预煮后芸豆的破碎料为8.19%,具体见图2,罐盖粘连情况见图3。
实施例2以1kg芸豆为例
1.原料挑选:选择红芸豆;
2.高压蒸汽预煮:将芸豆置高压灭菌锅中62℃,每25min时向芸豆喷洒喷淋剂220ml,约6次左右,至芸豆的含水率达到原重量的170%;采用高压蒸汽预煮,温度105℃,30min;
喷淋剂:添加10g壳聚糖,0.6g脐橙超微粉,用2L 63℃水搅拌溶解,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂;
所述柑橘超微粉的制作方法为:柑橘果皮、果肉分别进行脱苦处理后用清水洗净,在常压55℃干燥,当水分≤5%为干燥终点,随后用粉碎机粉碎,过80目筛;再将两者混合,即为柑橘超微粉。
3.冷却、漂洗:高压蒸汽预煮完的豆粒应迅速在冷水内冷却,用流水迅速让豆类迅速降温。冷却漂洗时间不少于1h;
4.选豆:漂洗后的豆,再进行一次复检,剔除破损、斑点、虫破裂等不合格豆及杂豆,然后再用清水淘洗一次,沥水后装罐;
5.配汤:0.48%盐,0.013%EDTA的水溶液(总占比);
6.装罐;
7.杀菌及冷却:115℃,时间为62分钟;杀菌后的罐头用冷水急速冷却至40℃。
实施例3以1kg蚕豆为例
1. 原料挑选:选择蚕豆。
2. 高压蒸汽预煮:将蚕豆置高压灭菌锅中58℃,每13min时向蚕豆喷洒喷淋剂180ml,约7次左右,至蚕豆的含水率达到原重量的150%;采用高压蒸汽预煮,温度105℃,30min;
喷淋剂:添加10g壳聚糖,0.6g脐橙超微粉,用2L 63℃水搅拌溶解,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂;
所述柑橘超微粉的制作方法为:柑橘果皮、果肉分别进行脱苦处理后用清水洗净,在常压55℃干燥,当水分≤5%为干燥终点,随后用粉碎机粉碎,过90目筛;再将两者混合,即为柑橘超微粉,
3. 冷却、漂洗:高压蒸汽预煮完的豆粒应迅速在冷水内冷却,用流水迅速让豆类迅速降温。冷却漂洗时间不少于1h;
4. 选豆:漂洗后的豆,再进行一次复检,剔除破损、斑点、虫破裂等不合格豆及杂豆,然后再用清水淘洗一次,沥水后装罐;
5. 配汤:0.18%盐,18%三聚磷酸钠,0.04%EDTA,0.018%的VC的水溶液(总占比)。
6. 装罐;
7. 杀菌及冷却:115℃,时间为50分钟;杀菌后的罐头用冷水急速冷却至40℃。
实施例4以1kg青豆为例
1. 原料挑选:选择青豆;
2. 高压蒸汽预煮:将青豆置高压灭菌锅中53℃,每12 min时向青豆喷洒喷淋剂220ml,约6次左右,至青豆的含水率达到原重量的140%;采用高压蒸汽预煮,温度105℃,30min;
喷淋剂:添加9g壳聚糖,0.5g脐橙超微粉,用2L 63℃水搅拌溶解,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂;
所述柑橘超微粉的制作方法为:柑橘果皮、果肉分别进行脱苦处理后用清水洗净,在常压55℃干燥,当水分≤5%为干燥终点,随后用粉碎机粉碎,过90目筛;再将两者混合,即为柑橘超微粉,
3. 冷却、漂洗:高压蒸汽预煮完的豆粒应迅速在冷水内冷却,用流水迅速让豆类迅速降温。冷却漂洗时间不少于1h;
4. 选豆:漂洗后的豆,再进行一次复检,剔除破损、斑点、虫破裂等不合格豆及杂豆,然后再用清水淘洗一次,沥水后装罐;
5. 配汤:0.405%盐的水溶液(总占比);
6. 装罐;
7. 杀菌及冷却:115℃,时间为48分钟;杀菌后的罐头用冷水急速冷却至40℃。
实施例5
以实施例2为基础,改变喷淋剂的组成,其他同实施例2。
实施例5-1:喷淋剂:添加10g壳聚糖,用2L 63℃水搅拌溶解,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂。经过步骤2高压蒸汽预煮后芸豆的破碎料为7.75%,具体见图4,罐盖粘连情况见图5。
实施例5-2:喷淋剂:添加0.6g脐橙超微粉,用2L 63℃水搅拌溶解,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂。经过步骤2高压蒸汽预煮后芸豆的破碎料为6.15%,具体见图6,罐盖粘连情况见图7。
实施例2:喷淋剂:添加10g壳聚糖,0.6g脐橙超微粉,用2L 63℃水搅拌溶解,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂。经过步骤2高压蒸汽预煮后芸豆的破碎料为6.11%。具体见图8,罐盖粘连情况见图9。
实施例6
以实施例2为基础,其他同实施例2。
不同点在于:经过步骤2高压蒸汽预煮后,采用漂洗液进行清洗,
漂洗液:取0.4~0.6g蔗糖脂肪酸酯溶于1L 40℃水中。
芸豆的破碎料为6.04%。具体见图10,罐盖粘连情况见图11。
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案,而不应视为对本发明的限制,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征在不冲突的情况下,可以相互任意组合。本发明的保护范围应以权利要求记载的技术方案,包括权利要求记载的技术方案中技术特征的等同替换方案为保护范围。即在此范围内的等同替换改进,也在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种包含柑橘副产物的喷淋剂,其特征在于:所述喷淋剂中:壳聚糖4~6g/L,柑橘超微粉0.2~0.4g/L;
所述柑橘超微粉的制作方法为:柑橘果皮、果肉分别进行脱苦处理后用清水洗净,在常压55-63℃干燥,当水分≤5%为干燥终点,随后用粉碎机粉碎,过80-100目筛;再将两者混合,即为柑橘超微粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述包含柑橘副产物的喷淋剂,其特征在于:所述喷淋剂制备方法为:用60~65℃水搅拌溶解壳聚糖、柑橘超微粉,得到的溶液即为喷淋剂。
3.权利要求1-2任意一项所述包含柑橘副产物的喷淋剂在生产豆类罐头中的应用,其特征在于:所述应用为在豆类罐头制作过程中,对豆子采用高压蒸汽预煮,并在高压蒸汽预煮过程中喷淋所述喷淋剂,所述豆类包括芸豆或蚕豆或青豆。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:所述应用具体包括以下步骤:
S1高压蒸汽预煮:将豆子置高压灭菌锅中,60~65℃蒸汽预煮至豆子的含水率达到原重量的100%~180%;再采用100~115℃高压蒸汽预煮0.2~15min;
S2冷却、漂洗:高压蒸汽预煮完的豆粒应迅速在漂洗液中清洗,清洗完后用流水迅速让豆类迅速降温;
S3选豆:漂洗后的豆子,进行复检,剔除破损、斑点、虫破裂的不合格豆及杂豆,然后再用清水淘洗,沥水后装罐;
S4配汤:加入配料进行配汤;
S5装罐:进行装罐封口;
S6杀菌及冷却:杀菌并冷却至常温;
完成高压预处理豆类罐头的制备。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,60~65℃蒸汽预煮过程中每20~30min向豆子喷洒喷淋剂150~250ml/kg豆子,喷淋6-8次。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,高压蒸汽预煮温度为100~115℃,0.2~15min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,漂洗液中含蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.4~0.6g/L,制备方法为将蔗糖脂肪酸酯溶于35-45℃水中再使用。
8.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤S6杀菌及冷却:108~115℃,时间为35~65分钟;杀菌后的罐头用冷水急速冷却至35-42℃。
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