CN114271104A - Air-suction type forest fruit harvester - Google Patents

Air-suction type forest fruit harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114271104A
CN114271104A CN202111603000.7A CN202111603000A CN114271104A CN 114271104 A CN114271104 A CN 114271104A CN 202111603000 A CN202111603000 A CN 202111603000A CN 114271104 A CN114271104 A CN 114271104A
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China
Prior art keywords
fruit
air
harvesting
suction
axial flow
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Pending
Application number
CN202111603000.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
任德志
李佳奇
侯俊铭
王国峰
张任
王伟
岳湘
张雅文
成慧婷
张露籍
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Shenyang Agricultural University
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Shenyang Agricultural University
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Priority to CN202111603000.7A priority Critical patent/CN114271104A/en
Publication of CN114271104A publication Critical patent/CN114271104A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

An air-suction type forest fruit harvester comprises a wheel type chassis, a harvesting box, a fruit suction pipe, a fruit picking head, an axial flow fan, a fuel engine, a gearbox and a support frame; the harvesting box is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the wheel type chassis; one end of the fruit suction pipe is communicated with the harvesting box, and the fruit picking head is arranged at the other end of the fruit suction pipe; the axial flow fan is positioned behind the harvesting box and above the wheel type chassis, an air suction port of the axial flow fan is communicated with the harvesting box, and an air exhaust port of the axial flow fan is communicated with the atmosphere; the supporting frame is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the wheel type chassis and is positioned behind the axial flow fan; the fuel engine and the gearbox are arranged on the support frame in parallel, a power output shaft of the fuel engine is connected with a power input shaft of the gearbox, and the power output shaft of the gearbox is connected with a power input shaft of the axial flow fan. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester realizes mechanical harvesting of forest fruits, can effectively reduce the labor intensity of personnel, can greatly improve the harvesting efficiency of the forest fruits, and can effectively save the expenditure of labor cost, thereby effectively reducing the harvesting cost of the forest fruits.

Description

Air-suction type forest fruit harvester
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an air-suction type forest fruit harvester.
Background
At present, forest and fruit plantation using nuts such as hazelnuts as main economic crops are widely distributed in northern areas of China, but at the present stage, the forest and fruit harvesting mode adopted by the forest and fruit plantation still stays at the manual harvesting stage, not only the labor intensity is high, but also the forest and fruit harvesting efficiency is low, and in every forest and fruit harvesting season, the forest and fruit plantation needs to employ a large number of harvesting workers temporarily to carry out manual forest and fruit harvesting, so that expensive labor reward needs to be paid for the forest and fruit harvesting workers, and the harvesting cost of the forest and fruit is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the air-suction type forest fruit harvester, which realizes the mechanical harvesting of forest fruits, can effectively reduce the labor intensity of personnel, can greatly improve the harvesting efficiency of the forest fruits, and can effectively save the expenditure of labor cost, thereby effectively reducing the harvesting cost of the forest fruits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an air-suction type forest fruit harvester comprises a wheel type chassis, a harvesting box, a fruit suction pipe, a fruit picking head, an axial flow fan, a fuel engine, a gearbox and a support frame; the harvesting box is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the wheel type chassis; one end of the fruit suction pipe is communicated with the harvesting box, and the fruit picking head is arranged at the other end of the fruit suction pipe; the axial flow fan is positioned behind the harvesting box and above the wheel type chassis, an air suction port of the axial flow fan is communicated with the harvesting box, and an air exhaust port of the axial flow fan is communicated with the atmosphere; the supporting frame is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the wheel type chassis and is positioned behind the axial flow fan; the fuel engine and the gearbox are arranged on the support frame in parallel, a power output shaft of the fuel engine is connected with a power input shaft of the gearbox, and a power output shaft of the gearbox is connected with a power input shaft of the axial flow fan.
The front wheels of the wheel type chassis are set as power walking wheels, and the rear wheels of the wheel type chassis are set as universal steering wheels.
The fruit harvesting box is characterized in that a negative pressure three-way pipe is arranged above the inner part of the harvesting box, three pipe openings of the negative pressure three-way pipe are an air suction opening, an air exhaust opening and a fruit outlet in sequence, the air suction opening of the negative pressure three-way pipe is communicated with the fruit suction pipe, the air exhaust opening of the negative pressure three-way pipe is communicated with the air suction opening of the axial flow fan, and the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe is inclined downwards.
A fruit blocking plate is obliquely arranged below the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe, and the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe is opposite to the upper surface of the fruit blocking plate.
The fruit blocking plate is obliquely provided with a sieve plate below, the middle of the sieve plate is positioned under the lower edge of the low position of the fruit blocking plate, and the diameter of the sieve pore of the sieve plate is smaller than the diameter of a forest fruit.
An air adjusting valve group is installed on the harvesting box body in the side front of the sieve plate, an air inlet of the air adjusting valve group is communicated with the atmosphere, and an air outlet of the air adjusting valve group is opposite to the inclined upper surface of the sieve plate.
A fruit collecting box is arranged below the sieve plate, and the interior of the fruit collecting box is divided into a fruit collecting cavity and a sundries cavity; the lower edge of the lower part of the sieve plate is positioned right above the fruit collecting cavity; an inclined guide plate is arranged above a chamber partition plate of the fruit collecting cavity and the sundries cavity, and the upper edge of the high position of the guide plate is positioned right below the lower edge of the low position of the sieve plate; the upper edge of the high position of the fruit blocking plate is positioned right above the sundries cavity.
And a weighing sensor is arranged at the bottom of the fruit collecting cavity.
The fruit picking door is arranged on the box body of the harvesting box on the side of the fruit collecting box, and the fruit collecting box enters and exits the harvesting box through the fruit picking door.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the air-suction type forest fruit harvester realizes mechanical harvesting of forest fruits, can effectively reduce the labor intensity of personnel, can greatly improve the harvesting efficiency of the forest fruits, and can effectively save the expenditure of labor cost, thereby effectively reducing the harvesting cost of the forest fruits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an air-suction type forest fruit harvester (wheel type chassis and harvesting box are partially cut away) according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the harvesting tank and the interior of the harvesting tank (the fruit collecting tank and the lower tank of the harvesting tank are not shown) according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the negative pressure three-way pipe of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the spatial distribution of the fruit collecting box and the guiding plate according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-wheel type chassis, 2-harvesting box, 3-fruit suction pipe, 4-fruit picking head, 5-axial flow fan, 6-fuel engine, 7-gearbox, 8-supporting frame, 9-power travelling wheel, 10-universal steering wheel, 11-negative pressure three-way pipe, 12-fruit blocking plate, 13-sieve plate, 14-air regulating valve group, 15-fruit collecting box, 16-fruit collecting cavity, 17-sundries cavity, 18-guide plate and 19-fruit picking door.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an air-suction type forest fruit harvester comprises a wheel type chassis 1, a harvesting box 2, a fruit suction pipe 3, a fruit picking head 4, an axial flow fan 5, a fuel engine 6, a gearbox 7 and a support frame 8; the harvesting box 2 is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the wheel type chassis 1; one end of the fruit suction pipe 3 is communicated with the harvesting box 2, and the fruit picking head 4 is arranged at the other end of the fruit suction pipe 3; the axial flow fan 5 is positioned behind the harvesting box 2 and above the wheeled chassis 1, an air suction port of the axial flow fan 5 is communicated with the harvesting box 2, and an air exhaust port of the axial flow fan 5 is communicated with the atmosphere; the supporting frame 8 is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the wheel type chassis 1 and is positioned behind the axial flow fan 5; the fuel engine 6 and the gearbox 7 are arranged on the support frame 8 in parallel, a power output shaft of the fuel engine 6 is connected with a power input shaft of the gearbox 7, and a power output shaft of the gearbox 7 is connected with a power input shaft of the axial flow fan 5.
The front wheels of the wheel type chassis 1 are set as power walking wheels 9, and the rear wheels of the wheel type chassis 1 are set as universal steering wheels 10.
A negative pressure three-way pipe 11 is arranged above the interior of the harvesting box 2, three pipe openings of the negative pressure three-way pipe 11 are an air suction opening, an air exhaust opening and a fruit outlet in sequence, the air suction opening of the negative pressure three-way pipe 11 is communicated with the fruit suction pipe 3, the air exhaust opening of the negative pressure three-way pipe 11 is communicated with the air suction opening of the axial flow fan 5, and the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe 11 is inclined downwards.
A fruit blocking plate 12 is obliquely arranged below the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe 11, and the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe 11 is opposite to the upper surface of the fruit blocking plate 12.
The fruit blocking plate 12 is obliquely provided with a sieve plate 13 below, the middle of the sieve plate 13 is positioned right below the lower edge of the lower part of the fruit blocking plate 12, and the aperture of a sieve hole of the sieve plate 13 is smaller than the diameter of a forest fruit.
An air adjusting valve group 14 is arranged on the box body of the harvesting box 2 in front of the side of the sieve plate 13, an air inlet of the air adjusting valve group 14 is communicated with the atmosphere, and an air outlet of the air adjusting valve group 14 is opposite to the inclined upper surface of the sieve plate 13.
A fruit collecting box 15 is arranged below the sieve plate 13, and the interior of the fruit collecting box 15 is divided into a fruit collecting cavity 16 and a sundries cavity 17; the lower edge of the lower part of the sieve plate 13 is positioned right above the fruit collecting cavity 16; an inclined guide plate 18 is arranged above a chamber partition plate of the fruit collecting cavity 16 and the sundries cavity 17, and the upper edge of the high position of the guide plate 18 is positioned right below the lower edge of the low position of the sieve plate 13; the upper edge of the high position of the fruit baffle plate 12 is positioned right above the sundries cavity 17.
A weighing sensor is arranged at the bottom of the fruit collecting cavity 16.
A fruit taking door 19 is arranged on the body of the harvesting box 2 at the side of the fruit collecting box 15, and the fruit collecting box 15 enters and exits the harvesting box 2 through the fruit taking door 19.
The one-time use process of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
take mechanical harvest of hazelnuts as an example. When the hazelnuts are completely ripe, the hazelnuts can automatically fall onto the ground, and the manual harvesting is very labor-consuming and practical, so that the air-suction type forest fruit harvester is decided to be used for harvesting the hazelnuts.
Firstly, the fuel engine 6 is started, and the power of the fuel engine 6 is transmitted to the axial flow fan 5 through the gearbox 7, so as to drive the axial flow fan 5 to rotate.
When the axial flow fan 5 rotates, negative pressure is formed inside the negative pressure three-way pipe 11, the fruit suction pipe 3 and the harvesting box 2; meanwhile, in the process of the fruit picking machine, the fruit picking head 4 continuously shovels the hazelnut fruits mixed with the gravel and the branches and leaves, and the hazelnut fruits mixed with the gravel and the branches and leaves are sucked into the fruit suction pipe 3 under the action of negative pressure. It should be noted that the negative pressure suction force needs to be based on whether the hazelnut fruit can be sucked up or not, and cannot be too large or too small, if the suction force is too large, stones with large volume and gravity can be sucked together, so that the screening precision of the subsequent hazelnut fruit can be influenced, if the suction force is too small, the hazelnut fruit cannot be fully sucked, and only when the suction force is proper, the hazelnut fruit can be fully sucked, and meanwhile, only gravels with small particle size and light weight can be sucked along, so that conditions are provided for the precise screening of the subsequent hazelnut fruit.
After the hazelnut fruits mixed with the gravels and the branches and leaves enter the harvesting box 2 through the fruit suction pipe 3, the hazelnut fruits are obliquely downwards sprayed out through the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe 11 and impact on the fruit blocking plate 12 below, so that the hazelnut fruits, the gravels and the branches and leaves are relatively dispersed on the fruit blocking plate 12, and then the branches and leaves with light weight are firstly blown away from the fruit blocking plate 12 under the action of air flow continuously sprayed out from the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe 11, and the branches and leaves are obliquely upwards discharged along the fruit blocking plate 12 and fall into the sundries cavity 17 below under the blowing action of the air flow.
For hazelnut fruits and gravels with heavier weight, the hazelnut fruits and gravels can roll down along the inclined fruit blocking plate 12 under the action of gravity, meanwhile, a small amount of branches and leaves can fall down along with the hazelnut fruits and gravels and fall onto the sieve plate 13 below, and in the falling process, the small amount of branches and leaves can be blown by air flow at the air outlet of the air adjusting valve group 14 to move obliquely above the sieve plate 13 until the branches and leaves cross the upper edge at the high position of the sieve plate 13 and fall into the sundries cavity 17 below. The gravel falling onto the screen deck 13 will fall directly through the screen holes in the screen deck 13 into the guide plate 18 below and finally slide down along the inclined guide plate 18 into the debris chamber 17 below. The hazelnut fruits falling on the sieve plate 13 will continue to roll down the inclined sieve plate 13 under the action of gravity and finally fall through the lower edge of the sieve plate 13 into the lower fruit collecting chamber 16.
With the continuous operation of the harvesting work, the more the filbert fruits in the fruit collection cavity 16 are accumulated, and when the weighing sensor at the bottom of the fruit collection cavity 16 detects that the accumulated weight of the filbert fruits reaches a set value, the power input of the axial flow fan 5 is cut off at the first time, so that the negative pressure effect is relieved, and the harvesting of the filbert fruits is suspended. Then the fruit taking door 19 is opened, the fruit collecting box 15 is pulled out from the harvesting box 2, hazelnut fruits and sundries in the fruit collecting box 15 are transferred away, then the vacant fruit collecting box 15 is sent back to the harvesting box 2 again, and finally the hazelnut harvesting operation can be started again.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides an air-suction type forest fruit harvester which characterized in that: comprises a wheel type chassis, a harvesting box, a fruit suction pipe, a fruit picking head, an axial flow fan, a fuel engine, a gearbox and a supporting frame; the harvesting box is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the wheel type chassis; one end of the fruit suction pipe is communicated with the harvesting box, and the fruit picking head is arranged at the other end of the fruit suction pipe; the axial flow fan is positioned behind the harvesting box and above the wheel type chassis, an air suction port of the axial flow fan is communicated with the harvesting box, and an air exhaust port of the axial flow fan is communicated with the atmosphere; the supporting frame is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the wheel type chassis and is positioned behind the axial flow fan; the fuel engine and the gearbox are arranged on the support frame in parallel, a power output shaft of the fuel engine is connected with a power input shaft of the gearbox, and a power output shaft of the gearbox is connected with a power input shaft of the axial flow fan.
2. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the front wheels of the wheel type chassis are set as power walking wheels, and the rear wheels of the wheel type chassis are set as universal steering wheels.
3. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fruit harvesting box is characterized in that a negative pressure three-way pipe is arranged above the inner part of the harvesting box, three pipe openings of the negative pressure three-way pipe are an air suction opening, an air exhaust opening and a fruit outlet in sequence, the air suction opening of the negative pressure three-way pipe is communicated with the fruit suction pipe, the air exhaust opening of the negative pressure three-way pipe is communicated with the air suction opening of the axial flow fan, and the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe is inclined downwards.
4. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a fruit blocking plate is obliquely arranged below the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe, and the fruit outlet of the negative pressure three-way pipe is opposite to the upper surface of the fruit blocking plate.
5. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the fruit blocking plate is obliquely provided with a sieve plate below, the middle of the sieve plate is positioned under the lower edge of the low position of the fruit blocking plate, and the diameter of the sieve pore of the sieve plate is smaller than the diameter of a forest fruit.
6. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester as claimed in claim 5, wherein: an air adjusting valve group is installed on the harvesting box body in the side front of the sieve plate, an air inlet of the air adjusting valve group is communicated with the atmosphere, and an air outlet of the air adjusting valve group is opposite to the inclined upper surface of the sieve plate.
7. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester as claimed in claim 5, wherein: a fruit collecting box is arranged below the sieve plate, and the interior of the fruit collecting box is divided into a fruit collecting cavity and a sundries cavity; the lower edge of the lower part of the sieve plate is positioned right above the fruit collecting cavity; an inclined guide plate is arranged above a chamber partition plate of the fruit collecting cavity and the sundries cavity, and the upper edge of the high position of the guide plate is positioned right below the lower edge of the low position of the sieve plate; the upper edge of the high position of the fruit blocking plate is positioned right above the sundries cavity.
8. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and a weighing sensor is arranged at the bottom of the fruit collecting cavity.
9. The air-suction type forest fruit harvester as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the fruit picking door is arranged on the box body of the harvesting box on the side of the fruit collecting box, and the fruit collecting box enters and exits the harvesting box through the fruit picking door.
CN202111603000.7A 2021-12-24 2021-12-24 Air-suction type forest fruit harvester Pending CN114271104A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111603000.7A CN114271104A (en) 2021-12-24 2021-12-24 Air-suction type forest fruit harvester

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111603000.7A CN114271104A (en) 2021-12-24 2021-12-24 Air-suction type forest fruit harvester

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CN114271104A true CN114271104A (en) 2022-04-05

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115250751A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-01 沈阳农业大学 Improved generation air-suction type forest fruit harvester

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4644606A (en) * 1985-04-08 1987-02-24 Mcculloch Corporation Lawn/garden blower/vacuum
CN103583160A (en) * 2013-10-24 2014-02-19 张朝军 Mechanical negative pressure sucking pipe fruit picking and sorting machine
CN204146055U (en) * 2014-10-17 2015-02-11 安新辉 Separate type aspiration red date reaping machine
CN209676902U (en) * 2019-01-22 2019-11-26 林凯雄 A kind of agricultural jujube cropper with sorting function
EP3649844A1 (en) * 2018-11-07 2020-05-13 Trimble Inc. Estimating yield of agricultural crops
CN112470710A (en) * 2020-11-10 2021-03-12 西安科技大学 Air-suction type landing red date picking system, control method and application
CN113812260A (en) * 2021-11-12 2021-12-21 山西农业大学 Intelligent pepper picking device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4644606A (en) * 1985-04-08 1987-02-24 Mcculloch Corporation Lawn/garden blower/vacuum
CN103583160A (en) * 2013-10-24 2014-02-19 张朝军 Mechanical negative pressure sucking pipe fruit picking and sorting machine
CN204146055U (en) * 2014-10-17 2015-02-11 安新辉 Separate type aspiration red date reaping machine
EP3649844A1 (en) * 2018-11-07 2020-05-13 Trimble Inc. Estimating yield of agricultural crops
CN209676902U (en) * 2019-01-22 2019-11-26 林凯雄 A kind of agricultural jujube cropper with sorting function
CN112470710A (en) * 2020-11-10 2021-03-12 西安科技大学 Air-suction type landing red date picking system, control method and application
CN113812260A (en) * 2021-11-12 2021-12-21 山西农业大学 Intelligent pepper picking device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115250751A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-01 沈阳农业大学 Improved generation air-suction type forest fruit harvester
CN115250751B (en) * 2022-08-19 2023-09-26 沈阳农业大学 Improved generation air-aspiration type forest fruit harvester

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Application publication date: 20220405

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