CN114249345A - 一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/18—Carbonates
- C01F11/182—Preparation of calcium carbonate by carbonation of aqueous solutions and characterised by an additive other than CaCO3-seeds
- C01F11/183—Preparation of calcium carbonate by carbonation of aqueous solutions and characterised by an additive other than CaCO3-seeds the additive being an organic compound
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Abstract
本发明属于一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,具体涉及一种在钙源存在的情况下,利用生物酶在常温常压条件下水解尿素来制备纳米碳酸钙的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:将脲酶加入含有钙盐、尿素、分散剂、酪蛋白的钙化液中,反应在密闭容器中常温条件下(25℃)进行,并不断进行搅拌,充分反应后,脱水干燥,得到纳米碳酸钙产品。该方法在钙化液中添加脲酶并不断搅拌,控制尿素水解速率,通过水解产生的氨气来调节溶液中的酸碱度,二氧化碳与钙化液在充分接触反应后产生碳酸钙沉淀,在分散剂存在条件下能够控制粒径得到纳米碳酸钙产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,具体涉及一种在钙源存在的情况下,利用生物酶在常温常压条件下水解尿素来制备纳米碳酸钙的方法。
背景技术
纳米碳酸钙是指经化学合成的,粒径在0-100nm之间的产品,因具备极高的比表面积和优良的物理化学性能,被广泛地应用于塑料、橡胶、涂料、造纸、化工、饲料、医疗、食品等行业。作为填充剂,在降低塑料、橡胶、涂料产品成本的同时还对产品的力学性能、粘稠度等具有一定的调节作用;在各类纸张中,纳米碳酸钙在降低制作成本的同时还有增白功效;在化妆品领域中,因其粒径、白度、稳定性优势,常用作钛白粉替代品;在饲料中可作为补钙剂,增加饲料中的钙含量;在医疗产业中,做为医用钙片负载各类药物,缓释药物的同时还可以中和一定的胃酸;在食品领域中,纳米碳酸钙加热产生二氧化碳能够蓬松食物,可作为膨化剂添加在食品中。
纳米碳酸钙对粒径有明确要求,需在0-100nm范围内,这是物理粉磨很难达到的粒径范围,并且物理粉磨无法控制其晶型和化学活性。目前国内外通常采用化学法合成法制备纳米碳酸钙,在制备过程中改变各类制备参数,并通过加入晶型控制剂来实现对纳米碳酸钙晶型和化学活性的控制。当前主要的制备方法有复分解法和碳化法,其中以碳化法最为常见。
1)复分解法:通过混合溶解可溶性钙盐与可溶性碳酸盐,得到碳酸钙产品沉淀。该方法所制备产品纯度高、白度好、粒径分布均匀,但经济成本较高。当前主要存在于实验室制备实验中,国内很少采用该方法进行产业化生产。
2)碳化法:将石灰石煅烧,得到石灰(氧化钙)和窑气。石灰和一定量水进行混合,并加入分散剂进行消化得到控制浓度的氢氧化钙溶液,再通入从窑气中富集而来的二氧化碳进碳化反应,生成的碳酸钙浆液再经过改性、过滤、干燥即可得到纳米碳酸钙产品。碳化过程是直接影响纳米碳酸钙粒度、晶型、晶形、吸油值等因素的关键步骤,主要是通过改变反应物浓度、添加剂种类、反应温度、陈化时间来控制气-液-固三相之间的反应过程生成不同特性的纳米碳酸钙。目前已开发出并实现产业化的碳化方法有:间歇鼓泡碳化法、多级鼓泡碳化法、超重力碳化法、多级喷雾碳化法。此类碳化方法二氧化碳利用率不高,通常碳化进入二氧化碳浓度为30%,出来气体浓度为10%,为增大气-液接触面积提高二氧化碳利用率而采用的间歇鼓泡或喷雾处理都存在生产效率降低或能耗增大等负面影响。
生物矿化是指生物体在自身有机质调控下,形成一定的物理化学环境,促进溶液中离子向固相无机矿物转变的过程,如贝壳、牙齿、骨骼等的形成。尿素也称碳酰胺,是由碳、氮、氧、氢组成的一种有机化合物,呈白色晶体,溶于水和乙醇,是哺乳动物和某些鱼类体内蛋白质代谢分解的主要含氮终产物,在动植物体内广泛存在专一的脲酶,尤其在大豆、刀豆中含量最为丰富,能够将尿素分解为二氧化碳和氨气。尿素在酸、碱、酶条件下发生水解生成二氧化碳和氨气,其中在脲酶条件下发生水解不需要加热,在室温条件下即可发生水解。尿素在氯化钙溶液中均匀溶解,在脲酶的催化作用下,在氯化钙溶液各部分中均匀地以1∶2摩尔比产生二氧化碳和氨气气体。在上述过程中产生的化学反应为:
CaCl2+CO2+NH3+H2O→CaCO3↓+2NH4Cl
在控制脲酶数量以及浓度的前提下,可以控制尿素的分解速率,在氯化钙溶液各部位中均匀产生二氧化碳气体,更好地实现氯化钙溶液的微观碳化,从而控制二氧化碳的传质、吸收效率,提高液相中的碳酸钙过饱和浓度,提高碳化结晶速率,更好地控制纳米碳酸钙的粒径。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,所述方法是利用尿素在在钙源存在前提下,在具备生物活性脲酶催化作用下,在常温常压下水解产生氨气和二氧化碳,并以此来进行碳化反应生成纳米碳酸钙,并用无水乙醇洗涤,室温条件下采用板框压滤或者离心的方式脱水,在25-60℃条件下干燥来制得具有新形貌的纳米碳酸钙。
本发明所提供的技术方案如下:
一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:将脲酶与含有一定浓度氯化钙、尿素、十二苯磺酸钠的钙化液在密闭容器中混合,反应12-24h后,用无水乙醇洗涤产品,并在室温条件下框板压滤或者离心的方式脱水,在25-60℃条件下干燥,得到分散性良好具有新形貌的纳米碳酸钙产品。
具体的,以质量比计算,钙化液中尿素∶氯化钙∶十二烷基磺酸钠∶酪蛋白∶水为1∶2∶(0.005-0.05)∶3∶(8-10)。混合溶液在密闭容器中以300-500rpm转速,搅拌时间为5-10min。
具体的,脲酶在混合溶液中的浓度要求为30-200mg/ml。
具体的,通过测定溶液导电率突变点来缺点碳化终点。
具体的,在密闭容器中的陈化时间为12-24h,产品在无水乙醇条件下洗涤,采用框板压滤或者离心的方式脱水,并在25-60℃条件下干燥。
基于上述技术方案,可以确保反应的充分进行。
附图说明
图1是通过日本Hitachi S-4800型场发射电子显微镜观察到的放大五万倍的本发明方法制备的新形貌纳米碳酸钙形貌图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,钙化液中各组分质量比为,尿素∶氯化钙∶十二烷基磺酸钠∶酪蛋白∶水为1∶2∶0.008∶3∶8.5,在反应釜中加入钙化液与在混合液溶液中浓度为50mg/ml脲酶,混合溶液在反应釜中以300rpm转速,搅拌6min。溶液电导率在2×104μs/cm突变后,陈化16h,经无水乙醇洗涤后采用框板压滤,再使用烘箱在40℃下干燥,得到新型纳米碳酸钙产品。XRD和SEM表征显示产品为方解石晶相,花生状形貌,粒径范围处于60-100nm之间。
实施例2
一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,钙化液中各组分质量比为,尿素∶氯化钙∶十二烷基磺酸钠∶酪蛋白∶水为1∶2∶0.01∶3∶9,在反应釜中加入钙化液与在混合液溶液中浓度为110mg/ml脲酶,混合溶液在反应釜中以300rpm转速,搅拌6min。溶液电导率在1.8×104μs/cm突变后,陈化22h,经无水乙醇洗涤后采用框板压滤,再使用烘箱在40℃下干燥,得到新型纳米碳酸钙产品。XRD和SEM表征显示产品为方解石晶相,花生状形貌,粒径范围处于80-120nm之间。
实施例3
一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,钙化液中各组分质量比为,尿素∶氯化钙∶十二烷基磺酸钠∶酪蛋白∶水为1∶2∶0.03∶3∶9,在反应釜中加入钙化液与在混合液溶液中浓度为130mg/ml脲酶,混合溶液在反应釜中以300rpm转速,搅拌6min。溶液电导率在2.1×104μs/cm突变后,陈化19h,经无水乙醇洗涤后采用离心脱水,再使用烘箱在45℃下干燥,得到新型纳米碳酸钙产品。XRD和SEM表征显示产品为方解石晶相,花生状形貌,粒径范围处于60-90nm之间。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将脲酶加入含有氯化钙、尿素、十二苯磺酸钠的钙化液中,在密闭容器中进行搅拌,充分反应后,静置成化,脱水干燥,得到纳米碳酸钙产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,其特征在于:脲酶在混合溶液中的浓度要求为30-200mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,其特征在于:以质量比计算,钙化液中尿素∶氯化钙∶十二烷基磺酸钠∶酪蛋白∶水为1∶2∶(0.005-0.05)∶3∶(8-10)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,其特征在于:混合溶液在密闭容器中以300-500rpm转速,搅拌时间为5-10min。
5.根据权利要求书1所述的一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,其特征在于:通过测定溶液电导率在1-2×104μs/cm附近突变点来确定是否充分反应。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,其特征在于:充分反应后静置陈化时间为12-24h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,其特征在于:脱水工艺采用板框压滤或离心方法。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型纳米碳酸钙及其制备方法,其特征在于:干燥温度为25-60℃。
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