CN114230329A - 一种铁氧体吸波材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铁氧体吸波材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobarium;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron Chemical compound [Ba]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PMTRSEDNJGMXLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium zirconium Chemical compound [Ti].[Zr] PMTRSEDNJGMXLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- FEBJSGQWYJIENF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel niobium Chemical compound [Ni].[Nb] FEBJSGQWYJIENF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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Abstract
一种铁氧体吸波材料及其制备方法，该铁氧体吸波材料的化学式为BaCoxNiyTizLa2‑x‑y‑ zFe16‑2x‑2y‑2zO27，式中：0≤x≤2，0≤y≤2，0≤z≤2；所述铁氧体吸波材料为，以原料碳酸钡和氧化亚铁，还包括氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧中的至少两种以上混合物为主体，氧化铜为助剂混合烧结而成。本发明吸波材料的吸波性能好，且匹配厚度薄，当厚度仅为0.85 mm时，在26.5‑40 GHz频段内的最大反射损耗达‑21 dB，‑10 dB有效吸收带宽达13.5 GHz，其性能可以通过调节吸波材料的厚度进一步进行调控；本发明采用固相烧结法制备，工艺简单，成本低，适合工业大批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸波材料及其制备方法，尤其涉及一种能够应用于Ka波段的高频铁氧体吸波材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
此前，国家工信部批复的四个5G频段包括3.4 - 3.6 GHz、4.8 - 5.0 GHz、24.75- 27.5 GHz和37 - 42.5 GHz频段，按照搜索雷达的工作频段划分，Ka波段为26.5 - 40GHz，部分涵盖于5G频段中。然而，随着5G网络的普及，社会环境充斥着漫天的电磁辐射，高频电磁波带来的危害越来越明显，不仅会影响电子器件的正常运转，还会产生环境污染。
吸波材料是指能将入射的电磁波吸收和衰减，并将其转换成热能而耗散，或令电磁波因干涉作用而消失的一类材料。雷达吸波材料能够有效抑制透射波和反射波，被广泛用于隐身、电磁屏蔽等领域。
吸波材料，根据损耗机理可分为电阻型、电介质型、磁介质型三类。
电阻型吸波材料包括碳纳米管、石墨、导电高分子、非磁性金属粉等。
电介质型吸波材料主要为钛酸钡铁电陶瓷。
磁损耗型吸波材料主要为磁性金属粉和铁氧体。其中铁氧体兼具电损耗和磁损耗，是一种优异的电磁吸波材料。
迄今为止，关于Ka波段吸波材料的研究较少，可批量应用于工业生产的技术还不成熟。
CN104844182A公开了一种锆钛共掺杂钡铁氧体吸波粉体材料，其化学式为BaFe12-xZrxTixO19，其中x=0.2~0.4，所述锆钛共掺杂钡铁氧体为单相多晶粉体，钡铁氧体中同时存在Fe3+和Fe2+。
CN104628372A公开了一种铌镍共掺杂钡铁氧体吸波粉体材料，该材料为单相多晶粉体，化学式为BaFe12-2xNbxNixO19，其中x=0.4~0.6，钡铁氧体中同时存在Fe3+和Fe2+。
CN104671764A公开了一种铌掺杂钡铁氧体吸波粉体材料，及其化学式为BaFe12- xNbxO19，其中x=0.6~0.8，所述铌掺杂钡铁氧体为单相多晶粉体，钡铁氧体中同时存在Fe3+和Fe2+。
上述专利申请文件公开的技术方案，均是采用自蔓延燃烧法、溶胶-凝胶法等化学法制备离子掺杂钡铁氧体，通过掺杂高价态的离子取代低价态的铁离子，实现在Ka波段内出现双吸收峰。但是，通过上述化学法制备铁氧体虽然可精确控制材料的晶相成分，但相对应的工艺过程较为复杂，化学反应程度需要大量的经验控制，难以采用自动化运用于工业生产模式；且制备过程中会用到酸、有机试剂等化学物品，不利于工业中安全环保要求，难以大批量生产。
CN103740233A公开了一种毫米波吸波涂层材料及其制备方法，所述材料由复合吸收剂、树脂和固化剂组成；所述复合吸收剂包括质量比为（5~30）：（15~60）：（10~55）的碳纳米管、纳米氧化锡锑和钡铁氧体。该方法制备的吸波涂层材料虽然吸收频段较宽，但匹配厚度达到2 mm，在实际运用过程中，不仅会带来成本的大幅上升，也会导致无法满足对膜厚有严格要求的场景中的应用，应用范围受限。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷，提供一种吸波能力强、频带宽、厚度薄的铁氧体吸波材料。
本发明进一步要解决的技术问题是，提供一种操作简便，反应过程中不使用酸和有机试剂，适用于工业生产的铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是，一种铁氧体吸波材料，所述铁氧体吸波材料的化学式为BaCoxNiyTizLa2-x-y-zFe16-2x-2y-2zO27，其中0≤x≤2，0≤y≤2，0≤z≤2，式中铁的化合价为+2、+3。
进一步，所述铁氧体吸波材料为，以原料碳酸钡和氧化亚铁，氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧中的两种以上混合物为主体，氧化铜为助剂混合烧结而成。
进一步，所述原料的质量分数为：碳酸钡10～20wt%，氧化亚铁70～80 wt %，氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧中的两种以上混合物5～10 wt %，氧化铜1～2 wt %。
进一步，所述混合物由氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧中的三种以上混合。
进一步，所述氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧的质量比为0~4:0~3:0~7:1~2。
本发明进一步解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是，一种铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
（1）将原料碳酸钡和氧化亚铁，与氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧中的两种以上混合物混合，再加入助剂氧化铜，得混合料；将所述混合料进行湿法球磨，得球磨浆料；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的球磨浆料喷雾干燥，得干燥混合料；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的干燥混合料加热，进行烧结反应，然后冷却，得吸波剂烧结料；
（4）将步骤（3）所得的吸波剂烧结料进行振磨破碎，过筛，得铁氧体吸波材料。
进一步，步骤（1）中，所述湿法球磨的时间为1~3h。
进一步，步骤（1）中，所述湿法球磨中混合料:钢球:水的质量比为1~2:8~15:1~2。
进一步，步骤（3）中，所述烧结的温度为1320 ~1370℃；所述烧结的时间为1~3h。温度过高或烧结时间太久易出现过烧的情况，此时材料的晶粒异常长大，影响其吸波性能，而温度过低或烧结时间不够则导致固相反应不充分，因此温度过高或过低都将影响其吸波性能。
进一步，步骤（4）中，所述过筛的筛网目数为100~200目。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：（1）本发明通过掺杂金属阳离子，改变原体系中铁元素的含量，利用各种金属元素间的协同作用，共同调节铁氧体的磁导率，如在铁氧体中掺杂稀土元素，提高了介电常数；本发明通过调节材料的介电常数和磁导率，进而调节材料整体的吸波性能；在烧结体系中加入少量助烧剂氧化铜，助烧剂氧化铜本身的熔点相对较低，烧结过程中熔融成液相促进铁氧体材料的烧结，降低了烧结的温度，减少保温时间，节约了能耗，降低了生产成本；（2）本发明吸波材料的吸波性能好，且匹配厚度薄，优选方案，当厚度仅为0.85 mm时，在26.5 - 40 GHz频段内的最大反射损耗达- 21 dB，-10dB有效吸收带宽达13.5GHz，其性能还能通过调节吸波材料的厚度进一步进行调控；（3）本发明采用固相烧结法制备，工艺简单，成本低，适合工业大批量生产；同时可进一步配合树脂、固化剂等制成吸波涂层，适用面更广。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的化学式为BaCo0.6Ni1.5La0.1Fe15.8O27,其中铁的化合价为+2、+3。
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
（1）将原料碳酸钡、氧化亚铁、氧化钴、氧化镍、氧化镧和氧化铜按质量比10:79:2:6:2:1进行混合，加入去离子水湿法球磨2 h，得球磨浆料；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的球磨浆料喷雾干燥，得干燥混合料；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的干燥混合料加热至1370℃烧结2 h，然后冷却至室温，得吸波剂烧结料；
（4）将步骤（3）所得的吸波剂烧结料进行振磨破碎细磨，过160筛网，得铁氧体吸波材料。
采用矢量网络分析仪对制得的多离子掺杂钡铁氧体吸波材料进行测试。测试方法为，将本实施例铁氧体吸波材料配合树脂、固化剂按粉:树脂:固化剂为80:20:10的比例混合后，喷涂在铝板上进行吸波性能实测，检测结果见表1。以下实施例和对比例的检测方法与本实施例的检测方法相同。
实施例2
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的化学式为BaCo0.6Ni1.8La0.1Fe15.5O27,其中铁的化合价为+2、+3。
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
（1）将原料碳酸钡、氧化亚铁、氧化钴、氧化镍、氧化镧和氧化铜按质量比18:72:2:7:1:1进行混合，加入去离子水湿法球磨2 h，得球磨浆料；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的球磨浆料喷雾干燥，得干燥混合料；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的干燥混合料加热至1370℃烧结2 h，然后冷却至室温，得吸波剂烧结料；
（4）将步骤（3）所得的吸波剂烧结料进行振磨破碎细磨，过160筛网，得铁氧体吸波材料。
实施例3
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的化学式为BaCo1.2Ti0.7La0.1Fe16O27,其中铁的化合价为+2、+3。
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
（1）将原料碳酸钡、氧化亚铁、氧化钴、氧化钛、氧化镧和氧化铜按质量比17:76:4:1:1:1进行混合，加入去离子水湿法球磨2 h，得球磨浆料；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的球磨浆料喷雾干燥，得干燥混合料；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的干燥混合料加热至1350℃烧结2 h，然后冷却至室温，得吸波剂烧结料；
（4）将步骤（3）所得的吸波剂烧结料进行振磨破碎细磨，过160筛网，得铁氧体吸波材料。
实施例4
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的化学式为BaCo0.6Ti1.8La0.1Fe15.5O27,其中铁的化合价为+2、+3。
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
（1）将原料碳酸钡、氧化亚铁、氧化钴、氧化钛、氧化镧和氧化铜按质量比17:76:2:3:1:1进行混合，加入去离子水湿法球磨2 h，得球磨浆料；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的球磨浆料喷雾干燥，得干燥混合料；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的干燥混合料加热至1320℃烧结2 h，然后冷却至室温，得吸波剂烧结料；
（4）将步骤（3）所得的吸波剂烧结料进行振磨破碎细磨，过160筛网，得铁氧体吸波材料。
对比例1
与实施例4比较，主要区别在于，在钡铁氧体体系中只加入了氧化钛和氧化钴。
本实施例铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
（1）将原料碳酸钡、氧化亚铁、氧化钴、氧化钛和氧化铜按质量比15:77:3:3:2进行混合，加入去离子水湿法球磨2 h，得球磨浆料；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的球磨浆料喷雾干燥，得干燥混合料；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的干燥混合料加热至1320℃烧结2 h，然后冷却至室温，得吸波剂烧结料；
（4）将步骤（3）所得的吸波剂烧结料进行振磨破碎细磨，过160筛网，得铁氧体吸波材料。
对比例2
与实施例1比较，主要区别在于，铁氧体吸波材料的主体成分仅为碳酸钡和氧化亚铁，没有加入氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧；其他制备条件与实施例1相同。
对比例3
与实施例3比较，主要区别在于，在钡铁氧体体系中只加入了氧化钛；其他制备条件与实施例3相同。
对比例4
与实施例2比较，主要区别在于，将碳酸钡的含量增加至23%，高于20%；将氧化亚铁的含量降低至65%，低于70%；其他制备条件与实施例2相同。
表1 实施例1~4和对比例1~4铁氧体吸波材料的吸波性能检测结果
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 | |
| 碳酸钡（wt%） | 10 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 23 |
| 氧化亚铁（wt%） | 79 | 72 | 77 | 76 | 77 | 80 | 77 | 65 |
| 氧化钴（wt%） | 2 | 2 | / | 3 | 3 | / | / | 2 |
| 氧化镍（wt%） | 6 | 7 | / | / | / | / | / | 7 |
| 氧化镧（wt%） | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | / | / | / | 1 |
| 氧化钛（wt%） | / | / | 4 | 2 | 3 | / | 5 | / |
| 氧化铜（wt%） | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 涂层厚度（mm） | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
| 最大反射损耗（dB） | - 21 | -16 | -18 | - 17 | -16 | -5 | -12 | -12 |
| 最大吸收峰频率（GHz） | 38 | 32 | 28 | 30 | 34.5 | 36.5 | 29.5 | 32 |
| -10 dB吸收带宽（GHz） | 12.63 | 13.5 | 12.28 | 12.51 | 9.67 | 0 | 8.77 | 7.78 |
Claims (8)
1.一种铁氧体吸波材料，其特征在于，所述铁氧体吸波材料的化学式为BaCoxNiyTizLa2-x-y-zFe16-2x-2y-2zO27，其中0≤x≤2，0≤y≤2，0≤z≤2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁氧体吸波材料，其特征在于，所述铁氧体吸波材料为，以原料碳酸钡和氧化亚铁，氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧中的两种以上混合物为主体，氧化铜为助剂混合烧结而成。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的铁氧体吸波材料，其特征在于，所述原料的质量分数为：碳酸钡10～20wt%，氧化亚铁70～80 wt %，氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧中的两种以上混合物5～10 wt %，氧化铜1～2 wt %。
4.一种如权利要求1~3之一所述的铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
（1）将原料碳酸钡和氧化亚铁，与氧化钛、氧化钴、氧化镍和氧化镧中的两种以上混合物混合，再加入助剂氧化铜，得混合料；将所述混合料进行湿法球磨，得球磨浆料；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的球磨浆料喷雾干燥，得干燥混合料；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的干燥混合料加热，进行烧结，然后冷却，得吸波剂烧结料；
（4）将步骤（3）所得的吸波剂烧结料进行振磨破碎细磨，过筛，得铁氧体吸波材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，所述湿法球磨的时间为1~3h。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，所述湿法球磨中，混合料:钢球:水的质量比为1~2:8~15:1~2。
7.根据权利要求4~6之一所述的铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中，所述烧结的温度为1320~1370℃；所述烧结的时间为1~3h。
8.根据权利要求4~7之一所述的铁氧体吸波材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中，所述过筛的筛网目数为100~200目。
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