CN114223524A - Simple water tank seedling culture method for vegetables - Google Patents

Simple water tank seedling culture method for vegetables Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114223524A
CN114223524A CN202111565271.8A CN202111565271A CN114223524A CN 114223524 A CN114223524 A CN 114223524A CN 202111565271 A CN202111565271 A CN 202111565271A CN 114223524 A CN114223524 A CN 114223524A
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China
Prior art keywords
water
water tank
seedling
seedling raising
trough
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CN202111565271.8A
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Inventor
濮小勇
黄文娟
徐平兰
李解
刘若瑜
鞠俊美
封刚
徐华晨
成燕
彭双凤
郑兰
鲁佳佳
刘仁燕
徐海
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Nanjing Lianglu Agricultural And Sideline Products Development Co ltd
Agricultural And Rural Bureau Of Jiangning District Of Nanjing City
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Nanjing Lianglu Agricultural And Sideline Products Development Co ltd
Agricultural And Rural Bureau Of Jiangning District Of Nanjing City
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple water tank seedling raising method for vegetables, and particularly relates to the field of vegetable cultivation. The method comprises the steps of seedling raising water tank preparation, precision seeding, irrigation and drainage. Compared with the conventional plug seedling, the water tank seedling culture method solves the problems of matrix hardening and the like caused by uneven watering and frequent watering on the surface of the conventional plug seedling culture in a mode of absorbing water at the bottom of the plug seedling culture, can accelerate the seedling emergence speed, and improves the seedling culture quality. Compared with water floating seedling culture, the water tank seedling culture method does not need to specially customize a foamed plastic seedling culture disc, adopts a common standard plug tray as the seedling culture disc, has lower plug tray cost, saves labor and labor, is convenient for mechanized application (the processes of filling substrates, sowing, accelerating germination and the like can be completed by using machinery), has simple and quick operation and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Simple water tank seedling culture method for vegetables
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a simple water tank seedling raising method for vegetables.
Background
The seedling culture is an important link of vegetable production, whether strong seedlings can be cultured by correctly applying excellent seeds is related to whether high-yield, high-quality and high-benefit products can be obtained during cultivation. Therefore, the cultivation of strong seedlings is the key to realize the efficient production of vegetables. At present, plastic plug seedling is generally adopted in vegetable production (the standard size is 540mm multiplied by 280mm, and the specification of 50-288 plugs can be selected according to different crops). The plug seedling has the advantages of low cost, labor saving, high mechanical production efficiency, energy saving, seed and seedling raising field saving, convenient standardized management, suitability for remote transportation and mechanical transplanting and the like. However, the conventional plug seedling has high requirements on the technical level of seedling water management, and the conventional plug seedling is not easy to succeed without abundant seedling raising experience.
In recent years, water floating seedling culture is popularized and applied to agricultural production to a certain extent, the water floating seedling culture technology is a new seedling culture method explored in the research of the flue-cured tobacco soilless seedling culture technology in the United states in the middle and later periods of the 80 th century, is introduced into China in the middle period of the 90 th century, and is applied to the production of various plants such as vegetables, flowers and seedlings. The water floating seedling raising technology is one practical seedling raising technology with seeds and seedling raising medium floated on water or nutrient liquid surface by means of the soilless culture principle and the buoyancy of foamed plastic seedling raising tray. The method has the advantages of high emergence rate, no weed, no plant diseases and insect pests, large transplanted seedling age elasticity, rapid rooting and survival after transplantation and the like, can achieve the aims of cultivating strong seedlings and promoting early germination, but has the limitation of wider application due to high cost and complex operation of special plug trays.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a simple water tank seedling raising method for vegetables, which aims to solve the problems of high cost, complex operation and the like of a special plug tray for water floating seedling raising in the prior art and limit the application of the plug tray.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to the simple water tank seedling raising method for the vegetables, which is provided by the invention, the method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a seedling raising water tank
a, determining the area of a seedling raising water tank according to the number of seedlings for production;
b, arranging drainage ditches on the side surfaces of the long sides of the bottoms of the grooves;
c, placing a partition plate in the middle of the water tank;
step two, precision seeding
a, filling a substrate into a seedling raising plug tray, slightly pressing and scraping the substrate, and then sowing the substrate;
b, uniformly spreading a layer of matrix as seed covering soil after sowing;
step three, irrigation and drainage
a, irrigating water into a water tank, and discharging the water out of the water tank after the matrix fully absorbs water until the surface is wet, moist and dark; repeating the procedures of water filling and water draining when the surface of the matrix is loose and whitish;
b, if a very small amount of the hole trays cannot absorb enough water in time, a watering can is used for supplementing water properly.
Further, in the first step, the specification of the seedling raising water tank is 500 standard plug trays/100 m2
Furthermore, in the first step, a plastic film is laid in the drainage ditch to completely cover the bottom of the ditch, the bottom of the ditch and the side surface of the water tank, and bricks are pressed around the plastic film to form the seedling raising water tank.
Furthermore, in the first step, a rectangular water tank with the depth of 10-20cm is dug in the seedling raising greenhouse, the length and the width are flexibly arranged according to the area of the greenhouse, and the bottom of the water tank is leveled and tamped after the water tank is dug.
Further, in the first step, the depth of the drainage ditch is 10cm, and the width of the drainage ditch is 20 cm.
Further, in the second step, 1 seed is sowed in each hole.
Furthermore, in the third step, the amount of water poured into the water tank is first small and then large.
Further, in the third step, the water is poured into the water tank by the water depth of 1 cm.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) compared with the conventional plug seedling, the water tank seedling culture method solves the problems of matrix hardening and the like caused by uneven watering and frequent watering on the surface of the conventional plug seedling culture in a mode of absorbing water at the bottom of the plug seedling culture, can accelerate the seedling emergence speed, and improves the seedling culture quality.
(2) Compared with water floating seedling culture, the water tank seedling culture method does not need to specially customize a foamed plastic seedling culture disc, adopts a common standard plug tray as the seedling culture disc, has lower plug tray cost, saves labor and labor, is convenient for mechanized application (the processes of filling substrates, sowing, accelerating germination and the like can be completed by using machinery), has simple and quick operation and is suitable for large-scale production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
Fig. 1 is a seedling raising water tank provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a placing of the hole trays in the seedling raising water tank provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 simple water tank seedling raising method for vegetables
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a seedling raising water tank
a, determining the area of a seedling raising water tank according to the number of seedlings for production;
b, arranging drainage ditches on the side surfaces of the long sides of the bottoms of the grooves;
c, placing a partition plate in the middle of the water tank;
step two, precision seeding
a, filling a substrate into a seedling raising plug tray, slightly pressing and scraping the substrate, and then sowing the substrate;
b, uniformly spreading a layer of matrix as seed covering soil after sowing;
step three, irrigation and drainage
a, irrigating water into a water tank, and discharging the water out of the water tank after the matrix fully absorbs water until the surface is wet, moist and dark; repeating the procedures of water filling and water draining when the surface of the matrix is loose and whitish;
b, if a very small amount of the hole trays cannot absorb enough water in time, a watering can is used for supplementing water properly.
Preferably, in the first step, the specification of the seedling raising water tank is 500 standard plug trays/100 m2
Preferably, in the first step, a plastic film is laid in the drainage ditch to completely cover the bottom of the ditch, the bottom of the ditch and the side surface of the water tank, and bricks are pressed around the plastic film to form the seedling raising water tank.
Preferably, in the first step, a rectangular water tank with the depth of 10-20cm is dug in the seedling raising greenhouse, the length and the width are flexibly set according to the area of the greenhouse, and the bottom of the water tank is leveled and tamped after the water tank is dug.
Preferably, in the first step, the drainage ditch has a depth of 10cm and a width of 20 cm.
Preferably, in the second step, 1 seed is sowed in each hole.
Preferably, in the third step, the amount of water poured into the water tank is first small and then large.
Preferably, in the third step, the water tank is filled with water with the depth of 1 cm.
Embodiment 2 simple water tank seedling growing method for vegetables
(1) Preparation of seedling growing water tank
a, determining the area of a seedling raising water tank according to the number of seedlings for production, wherein the area is generally 500 standard plug trays/100 m2. Digging a rectangular water tank with the depth of about 15cm in a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the length and the width can be flexibly set according to the area of the greenhouse, and leveling and tamping the bottom of the water tank after digging;
b, opening a drainage ditch with the depth of about 10cm and the width of about 20cm on the side surface of the long edge of the bottom of the groove, paving a layer of plastic film to completely cover the bottom of the groove, the bottom of the groove and the side surface of the water tank, and pressing the periphery of the plastic film by using bricks to obtain the seedling raising water tank;
c, a partition plate can be arranged in the middle of the water tank to facilitate the sectional irrigation.
(2) Precision seeding
a, filling a substrate into a seedling raising plug tray, slightly pressing and scraping, and sowing 1 seed in each plug tray, wherein an automatic plug tray seedling sowing machine can be adopted to replace manual operation in the step;
b, uniformly spreading a layer of matrix as seed covering soil after sowing, cleaning the edge of the seedling tray, neatly placing the seedling tray in the water tank, placing the seedling tray to be close to the water tank as much as possible, and placing the seedling tray under the feet by using a wood board pad when an operator enters the water tank to avoid influencing the flatness of the bottom of the tank due to manual stepping.
(3) Irrigation and drainage
a, filling water into the water tank with the depth of about 1cm, and discharging the water out of the water tank after the substrate fully absorbs water until the surface is moist and dark. Repeating the procedures of water filling and water draining when the surface of the matrix is loose and whitish;
b, if a very small amount of the hole trays cannot absorb enough water in time, a watering can be used for supplementing water properly.
Example 3 simple summer water tank seedling growing method for baby cabbage
(1) Preparation of seedling growing water tank
Digging a seedling raising water tank with the width of 3m, the length of 34m and the depth of 15cm in the multi-span greenhouse, leveling and tamping the bottom of the pond, further digging a drainage ditch with the depth of about 10cm and the width of about 20cm on the side surface of the long edge of the bottom of the pond, paving a layer of plastic film on the bottom of the pond, the bottom of the ditch and the periphery of the pond, and pressing the edge of the plastic film by bricks to obtain the seedling raising water tank, which is shown in figure 1.
(2) Seeding
Adopting a hole tray with 72 holes, filling the seedling substrate into the seedling hole tray, slightly pressing and scraping, and sowing 1 seed in each hole; uniformly spreading a layer of matrix as seed covering soil after sowing, cleaning the edge of the hole tray, and then neatly placing the hole tray in a water tank as shown in figure 2; in order to avoid influencing the flatness of the bottom of the pool by manual treading, an operator is padded under feet by a wood board when entering the water tank. After all the hole trays are placed, the water tank is filled with water with the depth of about 1cm, and the water quantity is small firstly and then large when the water tank is filled with water. After the substrate absorbs water fully until the surface is moist and dark, discharging the water out of the water tank, and finally covering a layer of sunshade net on the surface of the seedbed for moisturizing.
(3) Management of seedling stage
Watering is not needed before core breaking, and the hypocotyl is prevented from being overhigh to form high-foot seedlings. After seedling emergence, the seedlings are generally not dry and are not watered, the seedlings are watered thoroughly, and watering is generally carried out in the morning on a sunny day. When the surface of the matrix is loose and whitish, the procedures of water filling and water draining are repeated once. If some of the trays cannot absorb enough water in time, the watering pot is used to supplement water properly.
Controlling the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to be below 32 ℃, when the temperature reaches 30 ℃ after 9:00 am on a sunny day, unfolding a sunshade net at the top of the greenhouse, closing ventilation windows at the periphery and the top of the greenhouse, opening a wet curtain cooling system and a forced air exhaust system, and cooling the greenhouse. And (4) in the afternoon, the outer sunshade is folded, and when the outdoor temperature is reduced to the indoor temperature of the shed, the ventilation window is opened for ventilation. The sunshade net is not unfolded in rainy days, and only ventilation and cooling are carried out.
(4) Investigation of seedling raising effect
And (4) surveying the emergence rate 5d after sowing, and measuring indexes such as plant height, opening degree, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, dry weight of the overground part, dry weight of the underground part and the like 20d after sowing.
Plug seedling of conventional baby cabbage in comparative example
(1) Seedbed preparation
A high ridge seedbed with the width of 1.5m is arranged in the multi-span greenhouse, soil is finely divided, the soil is lightly patted and compacted, and the ridge surface is smooth.
(2) Seeding
Adopting a hole tray with 72 holes, filling the seedling substrate into the seedling hole tray, slightly pressing and scraping, and sowing 1 seed in each hole; uniformly spreading a layer of matrix as seed covering soil after sowing, cleaning the edges of the hole trays, then neatly placing the hole trays on a seedbed, connecting a plastic hose with a shower nozzle to water the hole trays until water seeps out of the hole trays, and finally covering a layer of sunshade net on the surface of the seedbed for moisturizing.
(3) Management of seedling stage
Watering is not needed before core breaking, and the hypocotyl is prevented from being overhigh to form high-foot seedlings. After seedling emergence, the seedlings are generally not dry and are not watered, the seedlings are watered thoroughly, and watering is generally carried out in the morning on a sunny day. When the surface of the substrate is loose and white, the plastic hose is connected with the shower nozzle to water the hole disk, and the plastic hose is not dried and does not water.
Controlling the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to be below 32 ℃, when the temperature reaches 30 ℃ after 9:00 am on a sunny day, unfolding a sunshade net at the top of the greenhouse, closing ventilation windows at the periphery and the top of the greenhouse, opening a wet curtain cooling system and a forced air exhaust system, and cooling the greenhouse. And (4) in the afternoon, the outer sunshade is folded, and when the outdoor temperature is reduced to the indoor temperature of the shed, the ventilation window is opened for ventilation. The sunshade net is not unfolded in rainy days, and only ventilation and cooling are carried out.
(4) Investigation of seedling raising effect
The rate of emergence was investigated 5 consecutive days after sowing, and the indices of plant height, spread, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, dry weight of the above-ground part and dry weight of the below-ground part were measured 20 days after sowing, with the results shown in table 2.
The emergence rates of example 3 compared with the comparative examples at different times are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of emergence efficiency of example 3 and comparative examples
Figure BDA0003421818460000071
As can be seen from Table 1, the rate of emergence is much higher for the present invention than for the comparative example.
Table 2 comparison of seedling quality between example 3 and comparative example
Figure BDA0003421818460000072
As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height, the plant spread, the leaf length/width, the leaf number, the dry weight of the above-ground part, and the dry weight of the below-ground part of the seedlings grown by the method of the present invention were superior to those of the comparative examples.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. A simple water tank seedling raising method for vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing a seedling raising water tank
a, determining the area of a seedling raising water tank according to the number of seedlings for production;
b, arranging drainage ditches on the side surfaces of the long sides of the bottoms of the grooves;
c, placing a partition plate in the middle of the water tank;
step two, precision seeding
a, filling a substrate into a seedling raising plug tray, slightly pressing and scraping the substrate, and then sowing the substrate;
b, uniformly spreading a layer of matrix as seed covering soil after sowing;
step three, irrigation and drainage
a, irrigating water into a water tank, and discharging the water out of the water tank after the matrix fully absorbs water until the surface is wet, moist and dark; repeating the procedures of water filling and water draining when the surface of the matrix is loose and whitish;
b, if a very small amount of the hole trays cannot absorb enough water in time, a watering can is used for supplementing water properly.
2. The simple trough vegetable seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the specification of the seedling raising trough is 500 standard plug trays/100 m2
3. The simple water tank seedling raising method for vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, plastic films are laid in the drainage ditches to completely cover the bottom of the ditches, the bottom of the ditches and the side surfaces of the water tanks, and the seedling raising water tanks are formed by pressing the peripheries of the plastic films with bricks.
4. The simple trough seedling growing method for vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, a rectangular trough with a depth of 10-20cm is dug in the seedling growing greenhouse, the length and width are flexibly set according to the area of the greenhouse, and the bottom of the trough is leveled and tamped after being dug.
5. The simple trough vegetable seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the depth of the drainage ditch is 10cm, and the width of the drainage ditch is 20 cm.
6. The method for raising seedlings of vegetables in simple water tanks according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, 1 seed is sown in each hole.
7. The simple trough vegetable seedling growing method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the quantity of water poured into the trough is first small and then large.
8. The simple trough vegetable seedling growing method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the water is poured into the trough to a depth of 1 cm.
CN202111565271.8A 2021-12-20 2021-12-20 Simple water tank seedling culture method for vegetables Pending CN114223524A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102550383A (en) * 2012-03-26 2012-07-11 江苏省农业科学院 Water-film seedling method of vegetables
CN108617485A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-10-09 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 A kind of float seedling method suitable for sugar grass cultivation
CN111789020A (en) * 2020-07-07 2020-10-20 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 Floating seedling raising method for cruciferous vegetables
CN112136558A (en) * 2020-10-23 2020-12-29 山东省蚕业研究所 Water and soil dual-purpose seedling raising device for ice-leaf sunflowers and planting method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102550383A (en) * 2012-03-26 2012-07-11 江苏省农业科学院 Water-film seedling method of vegetables
CN108617485A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-10-09 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 A kind of float seedling method suitable for sugar grass cultivation
CN111789020A (en) * 2020-07-07 2020-10-20 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 Floating seedling raising method for cruciferous vegetables
CN112136558A (en) * 2020-10-23 2020-12-29 山东省蚕业研究所 Water and soil dual-purpose seedling raising device for ice-leaf sunflowers and planting method thereof

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