CN1141868C - Breeding method for gellow stem Chinese pumpkin - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of heterosis utilization. The hybrid species of Chinese cushaws with yellow stems in the present invention is prepared from 92-6-8-yellow-4* as female parents and 96-8-4-bush yellow No. 6* as male parents. The physical analysis of the cushaws with yellow stems shows that 100g of cushaws with yellow stems contains 1455 mug of carotene higher 2 to 10 times than that of 100g of common cushaws, 0.73 mg of physiological active substances-flavones, 0.39g of polysaccharide, 106.3 mg of essential amino acid of a human body, 0.3g of selenium, 0.55 mg of zinc and zinc oxide and 1 mg of phosphorus of trace elements.

Description

Yellow stem China squash cross-breeding method

Invention field:

The invention belongs to a kind of yellow stem China squash cross-breeding method.

Technical background:

Can be divided into three major types in the at present both at home and abroad common cultivation pumpkin: i.e. China squash is commonly called as Chinese squash; American pumpkin is commonly called as custard squash; Giant pumpkin is commonly called as winter squash.In the kind of this three classes pumpkin, overgrow or short non-hibernating eggs, the climing green that is of its stem, the color of the leather of melon is various, and nutrient composition content is generally lower, and kind of the occupation of land of overgrowing is many, the effort of taking a lot of work, the not high or inferior quality of output is not easy to enter vegetable garden or large tracts of land production.Before the yellow stem China squash of the applicant's seed selection success, do not see the report that relevant yellow stem pumpkin and heterosis, hybrid vigor thereof utilize as yet.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the present invention is to provide the producing method for seed of a kind of yellow stem China squash heterosis, hybrid vigor utilization and utilize this method to be made into the strong excellent combination of yellow stem China squash, to improve the quality of pumpkin, the component content that has additional nutrients strengthens resistance against disadvantage, raises labour productivity.

Major technique feature of the present invention is the yellow stem China squash inbred line 92-6-8-Huang-4 with the applicant's seed selection success Short yellow No. 6 with 96-8-4- Be mixed with yellow stem China squash crossbreed.Specific practice is: utilize yellow stem foot because of dual folded; With 92-6-8-Huang-4 For maternal short yellow No. 6 with 96-8-4-

Be male parent, be mixed with " three Huangs " high-quality of a kind of yellow stem, cucumber rind, cucumber meat, disease-resistant unique variety.

Main contents of the present invention below are described in detail in detail

One, does the proterties of maternal yellow stem China squash inbred line

92-6-8-Huang-4

Feature be: the yellow stem of tool, Calusena lansium, cucumber meat " three Huangs " feature, leaf heart shape, it is normal that shape is shallow splits, the leaf look green, and the vein infall has spot, the vein yellow, the climing 9-10 leaf of stem goes out first group of melon and 14-15,21-22 leaf go out first group of melon, three kinds of ripe property, and melon is that flat has shallow rib ditch; First group of melon the back occurs and occurs the melon group again every 2,3,4 leaves, divides 1-1-1,2-2-2,3-3-3 incremental knot curcumbitate formula; Tender melon, aging melon melon look are yellow; The heavy 2-4 kilogram of single melon; Biological nature is the indeterminate growth type; Reach the aging need of melon 50 days from female flower.From sow to tender melon be 65 days.The melon smell is clear, and is continuous and be with sweet, tasty and refreshing pleasant.

Two, do the proterties of the short yellow China squash inbred line of male parent

96-8-4-is short yellow No. 6

Principal character is: short life possesses " three Huangs " feature of yellow stem, Calusena lansium, cucumber meat; Plant is uprightly clustered, and the leaf flowering shrubs gives birth to, and divides the 3-4 bar short stem, and stem is yellow, and other proterties are with the short living China squash identical (patent No. is ZL92113528.9) of the applicant's discovery and seed selection success.

Three, hybrid combination of yellow stem China squash and proterties thereof

92-6-8-Huang-4

* 96-8-4-is short yellow No. 6 With 92-6-8-Huang-4 Do maternal short yellow No. 6 with 96-8-4-

Form as paternal hybrid.Since yellow stem foot because of overlapping, make its stem, melon skin, melon meat all show as " three Huangs " feature, just plant type shows as short life (overgrowing), and stronger resistance is arranged, mildew-resistance, mosaic virus.Whole strain is uprightly clustered, and leaf, flowering shrubs are given birth to, from the short stem of base section 3-4 bar, and 60 to 70 centimetres of the longest 30 centimetres, the shortest 10 centimetres, plant heights, 2.8-3.2 in individual plant knot melon, the high 50-60 of petiole centimetre, thick 2 centimetres of handle, 80 centimetres of degree of development, mu plantation 800-1000 strain; Sowing was received aging melon 90 days, 110 days vegetative period, about 4000 kilograms of per mu yields to receiving tender melon 65 days.

Four, the cultivation main points of yellow stem melon:

1, grow seedlings: early-maturing variety also needs ealy maturing culture, thereby yellow stem melon should begin to grow seedlings before the phase at local latest frost in 20-30 days, and seedling age is about 25 days, and frost moves to the land for growing field crops after eventually immediately, can shift to an earlier date listing in 25-30 days than direct sowing culture like this.

2, making ridge cultivation: the ridge furrow are wide 1.4 meters, and are high 0.3 meter, and ridge furrow length determines flexibly according to landform.Use sufficient plastic mulching behind the base fertilizer, every ridge furrow kind two row, can strengthen or decreased distance according to soil fertility by spacing in the rows 70-80 centimetre.The cave is decided in the triangle dislocation.Mu is planted the 800-1000 strain, between furrow and the furrow at a distance of 30 centimetres, with irrigate the fields, are worked in the footpath in draining and field.

3, little shed plastic mulching: before the field planting of yellow stem melon on the ridge furrow covering with plastic film, by the field planting of spacing in the rows borehole.Growth can prevent water evaporates early stage effectively like this, and improves ground temperature, and using water wisely again simultaneously urgees closely to grow in order to precocity, and the middle and later periods is beneficial to draining again, prevents hot and humid and mashed melon in rainy season.

4, training vegetables and fruits: the short life of yellow stem melon, sprout side shoot from base portion, the short stem knot of 2-3 bar melon is only stayed in every strain, and too much side shoot should be extractd with reaching, in case contention nutrition, influence knot melon; 2-3 melon only stayed in every strain, and too much little melon is equally in time removed.

The present invention compared with prior art has following good effect

1, on proterties: yellow stem pumpkin is obviously different with the three major types pumpkin of common cultivated, and the stem of three class pumpkins is climing to be green, the melon look various.Yellow stem melon stem is climing to be that yellow, melon are that yellow, melon meat also are yellow.Possess: " three Huangs " feature of yellow stem (climing), cucumber rind, cucumber meat, proterties is special, induces one to like.

2, on quality: the taste mouthfeel is sweet; Yellow stem pumpkin physico-chemical analysis shows: carotin is that 1455 μ g/100g are higher than general pumpkin 2-10 doubly; Physiological activator-flavones 0.73mg/g; Polysaccharide 0.39g/100g; The essential amino acid total amount reaches 106.3mg/100g; Trace elements of selenium 0.3g/100g, zinc 0.55mg/100g, phosphorus 21mg/100g, it also contains multiple vitamin B group, and is significant to human body.

3, on ripe property: yellow stem China squash provided by the invention, kind possess precocity, in ripe, late-maturing three ripe property, can need cultivation respectively by plantation.Market lacks the dish problem between the precocious solution spring and summer, to improving grower's economic benefit; In ripe, late-maturing output high and draw back fresh-keeping supply time.Yellow in addition stem China squash is suitable for processing, and it still extracts the important new resources of carotin, flavones or other medicines.

4, on output: the available yellow stem China squash of the present invention, short life, about 3000 kilograms of the general per mu yields of overgrowing can reach during high yield more than 4000 kilograms, than common pumpkin volume increase 30-50%.

5, on resistance: through the contrast experiment, stronger resistance against disadvantage is arranged, the powdery mildew and the mosaic virus of melon serious harm had stronger resistance, this is concerning kind of family, reduce the investment of agricultural chemicals, the kind of a green no pesticide pollution is provided concerning market, the good social benefit is arranged.

6, yellow stem pumpkin variety provided by the invention, production of hybrid seeds program is easy, be easy to promote, and convenient cultivation management saves labor.

The hybrid seeding of the yellow stem China squash of embodiment

1, production of hybrid seeds condition: soil will be selected sandy soil, or the yellow earth soil, and soil acidity or alkalinity pH value is that 5.5-6.8 is suitable; The liquid manure abundance is the basic source of manure with farm organic fertilizer, executes a small amount of chemical fertilizer; It is 17 ℃-28 ℃ that parents will be controlled at temperature flowering stage.

2, adjusting this florescence of father and mother meets it: male parent is than maternal early sowing 15 days, allows female parents such as male parent, and promptly when the maternal florescence arrived, male parent is full-bloom stage just, makes maternal female flower in suitable joint position with finely open parents' flower synchronization.

3, this ratio of father and mother and planting density: this ratio of father and mother is 1: 4-6, the i.e. maternal 1 strain male parent of 4-6 strain; 70 centimetres of maternal spacing in the rows, 1.8 meters of line-spacings, wide furrow, seedling strain are planted relatively, fork is kept down the vines of a creeping plant, male parent is with 1: 4-1: 6 data single file plantation or in the field according to landform and maternal required the plantation.

4, isolate impurity elimination: yellow stem foot be because of will keeping purity, otherwise, its biological character, quality, resistance will become assorted.So seed farm is except that father and mother originally sow in proportion, other pumpkin mustn't be planted, and isolate other cushaw pollen phase.Last from the time, isolate more than one month, last from distance, seed farm and other pumpkins will space more than 2000 meters, guarantee seed purity.

5, female parent is in time castrated: the male flower on the seed farm maternal plant will all expand, and does not allow maternal male flower growth at the whole florescence, allows the male parent male flower hybridize under the honeybee matchmaker propagates, and is exactly yellow stem melon hybrid F after maternal so female bow structure melon is aging ₁, be exactly the male parent parent after the melon that the male parent female flower is forged is aging.Maternal parent will cultivate separately, is provided with the back and produces with planting.

6, florescence indirect labor pollination: in overcast and rainy honeybee activity less or inertia, at this moment need to carry out according to a conventional method artificial supplementary pollination, to guarantee kind of seed quality and output.About 20 kilograms in general per mu yield seed can reach more than 30 kilograms in per mu yield under the condition of liquid manure abundance.

7, kind of the melon of gathering: open into from female flower that melon is ripe to need 50 days just can receive melon, receive afterwards under the ventilation good conditions and to dig seed again in after-ripening 15-20 days, otherwise the not full F that influences of seed ₁Growing way, seed will be cleaned sharp airing, keeps properly, not doing or mixing influences quality.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of yellow stem China squash cross-breeding method is characterized in that with 92-6-8-Huang-4 * zero serving as maternal short yellow No. 6 with 96-8-4-

Be male parent, the preparing hybrid kind.

2, producing method for seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that this ratio of father and mother is 1: 4-1: 6.

3, producing method for seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature in father and mother this flowering stage is 17 ℃-28 ℃.