CN1029362C

CN1029362C - Method for hybridization of bush Chinese cushaw

Info

Publication number: CN1029362C
Application number: CN 92113528
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王甲生
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1992-12-03
Filing date: 1992-12-03
Publication date: 1995-07-26
Anticipated expiration: 2007-12-03
Also published as: CN1071297A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for hybridization of bush Chinese cushaws. The self-bred line of bush Chinese cushaws discovered and successfully cultivated by the applicant is used as a female parent to be hybridized with corresponding trailing Chinese cushaws to obtain Ainan No. 1 to No. 4, etc. The bush cushaws cultivated by the present invention mature earlier 30 days than the trailing cushaws, the yield is increased by 50 to 100 %, and the quality is superior. Meanwhile, the present invention has the advantages of simple hybridization procedures, easy planting, convenient management, labor saving and easy popularization and application.

Description

Method for hybridization of bush Chinese cushaw

The present invention relates to the producing method for seed that a kind of short living China squash heterosis, hybrid vigor utilizes.

Common cultivation pumpkin kind can be divided into three major types both at home and abroad at present, and promptly China squash is commonly called as Chinese squash; American pumpkin is commonly called as custard squash; Giant pumpkin is commonly called as winter squash.In this three classes pumpkin, have only american pumpkin that short non-hibernating eggs is arranged, all the other two classes are overgrows.The China squash quality better, but occupation of land is many, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant, built, the effort of taking a lot of work, per mu yield generally has only about 1000-1500Kg, and economic benefit is not high.Therefore, seldom entering the vegetable garden large tracts of land produces; American pumpkin precocity, but quality is not as good as China squash, northern China people just early spring vegetables edible dull season, make feed thereafter.China south is seldom plantation then, and output is not high yet; Giant pumpkin output height, but late-maturing, quality is not as China squash, northern China people is generally seldom edible, only sporadicly plantation behind the house before the room, seldom cultivate in south.Before the applicant finds the successful short living China squash of also seed selection, do not see the report of relevant short living pumpkin heterosis utilization as yet.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cross-breeding method of short living pumpkin, utilize this method to make the strong excellent combination of serial pumpkin,, improve the quality of pumpkin to increase substantially the output of pumpkin, and reach the cultivation program that simplifies, the purpose of raising labour productivity simultaneously.

Main feature of the present invention is to find the also short living China squash inbred line 84A1-0-4 of seed selection success with the applicant

Make short living squash hybridization kind as the China squash assembly of overgrowing of male parent together for female parent, specific practice is: with 84A1-0-4 For female parent with local early pumpkin kind 85-5-1

Short southern No. 1 (84A1-0-4 is made in (seven leaf melons) hybridization

* 85-5-1

).The present invention compared with prior art has following good effect:

1, precocity.Utilize short living pumpkin ratio provided by the present invention precocious about 30 days of the pumpkin of overgrowing, this both can solve, and market lacks the dish problem between the spring and summer, can increase economic efficiency again.

2, cluster because of plant and do not draw climingly, need keep down the vines of a creeping plant hurriedly, built, convenient management saves labor.

3, best in quality.As short southern No. 1 (84A1-0-4 * 85-5-1 ) melon look premium, yellowish pink apricot yellow, the close meat of matter is thin, and smell delicate fragrance is sweet agreeable to the taste, and mouthfeel is very strong.

4, output height.The short general per mu yield 4000-4500Kg of hybridization pumpkin that gives birth to provided by the present invention can reach during high yield more than the 5000Kg, than overgrowing more than the pumpkin volume increase 50-100%.

5, production of hybrid seeds program is easy, is easy to promote.

Main contents of the present invention below are described in detail in detail:

1, do the proterties of maternal short living China squash inbred line:

0-4

The feature of short living inbred line:

84A1-10-1-0-4

, short living strain is omnidistance code name, it is characterized in that: short life.With the pumpkin contrast principal character of overgrowing is not draw climing, plant type uprightly to cluster, and divides the 3-4 bar short stem, and to be that four prismatics are hard do not extend stem, leaf, flowering shrubs give birth to, and it is heart-shaped that leaf is, and palmate is shallow to be split, the leaf look light green, and the vein infall has hickie, plant basal knot melon, curcumbitate is oblate, and the milky white of melon look, the old melon colour of loess have shallow rib ditch, the melon stalk is hard, a stalk seat pentagon projection, its characteristic at first are precocious, and sowing, female the flowers are in blossom in back 45 days.It is female that the flowers are in blossom can receive tender melon in back about 15 days; Next is to concentrate the melon phase, and the while can be produced 2-3 melon, many persons once tie five melons; The 3rd is best in quality, and the close meat of matter is thin, and smell delicate fragrance is sweet agreeable to the taste.

Two, the male parent proterties of China squash landrace of overgrowing:

85-5-1 , the omnidistance code name of the 5-1 of overgrowing is the local sprawling species of a kind of precocity in Hong Jian county, Shanxi Province.5-1 is a code name in the inbred line.This kind the since the 5th to the 7th joint is tied melon, and person " seven leaves " pumpkin a female flower occurs every three to five joints after the knot melon, the climing unlimited elongation growth of stem, male female flower at every joint axil place and are given birth to, and alternately occur, male flower accounts for 70%, and female flower accounts for 30%, general climing long 5-6 rice, the lateral bine growth is more, leaf heart shape, vein infall have hickie, and curcumbitate is oblate, and darker rib ditch is arranged, the melon look is spent green, and old melon is reddish brown wax shape.It is hard that melon obstructs five ribs, stalk seat pentagon projection.Melon meat is apricot yellow a green edge, delicate fragrance and sweet.

Three, short living China squash hybrid combination and proterties thereof:

84A1-0-4

* 85-5-1

(short southern No. 1) makes female parent with short living 0-4 inbred line, with local early pumpkin 5-1(seven leaf melons) be that paternal hybrid forms.The short life of plant type is born the short stem of 2-4 bar from base section, high 50cm, and long shoot 21cm, the shortest stem 3.2cm uprightly clusters.Individual plant on average has 34 leaves, petiole 49cm, and plant degree of development is 70cm, suitable seeding row spacing 67 * 80cm, mu plantation 1200 strains, individual plant is on average tied 3.6 in melon, dried persimmon shape, tender melon skin look is spent green, and the aging melon color of the leather is pale brown, and melon meat is apricot yellow, and meat is continuous and sweet.Sowing is plucked aging melon and is needed 90 days to gathering tender melon 65 days, and 110 days vegetative period are about per mu yield 5000kg.

Short southern No. 1 cultivation main points: grow seedlings (1), and short living pumpkin should be grown seedlings preceding about 30 days of local latest frost phase, transplants the land for growing field crops immediately after frost is whole.Can shift to an earlier date listing in 1 month than direct sowing culture like this.(2) high ridge cultivation, ridge is planted and is helped controlling irrigation quantity, promotes ground temperature rise in early stage.Short living pumpkin is all at plant basal knot melon, and ridge is planted melon is fallen in ditch.(3) little shed plastic mulching: at ridge back of the body covering with plastic film, press the field planting of spacing in the rows borehole before the short living pumpkin field planting.Plastic mulching can prevent effectively owing to water evaporates reduces ground temperature, using water wisely simultaneously.Little shed protection increases the light temperature again, promotes growth, in order to precocity.(4) training, fruit thinning, short living pumpkin are sprouted side from base portion and are fallen branch, and what have reaches the 3-4 bar, and side shoot is too much, cauline leaf growth and fruit growth contention nutrient.Tying the too much nutrient of melon simultaneously can not concentrate, and changes melon midway.Therefore, should extract too much side shoot in the early stage of blooming, every strain stays the 2-3 bar to be advisable, and stays melon 2-3 after the product melon, and too much melon also should be dredged.

Four, the hybrid seeding program of short living China squash:

1, production of hybrid seeds condition: (1) liquid manure abundance; (2) will to be controlled at temperature be season of 17 ℃-27 ℃ parents' florescence; (3) soil acidity or alkalinity appropriate pH value is 5.5-6.8.

2, adjust father and mother's flower synchronization: male parent made parents' flower synchronization than maternal planting early enough 10-15 days.

3, this ratio of father and mother and planting density are: maternal 4 strains, and male parent 1 strain, promptly seeding row spacing was advisable with 4: 1.Maternal spacing in the rows 70cm, line-spacing 85cm; Male parent spacing in the rows 130cm, line-spacing are required and decide with female parent.

4, isolation, impurity elimination: seed farm is except that father and mother originally sow in proportion, and other pumpkin will be isolated the pollen period source.Last from the time, isolate 1 month.Last from distance, seed farm and other pumpkin will be isolated more than 1000 meters, to guarantee seed purity.

When 5, the seed farm female parent will enter the florescence, need the male flower on the maternal plant is all destroyed, must not allow maternal male flower growth, allow the male parent male flower under the honeybee matchmaker propagates, hybridize at the whole florescence.After maternal so female bow structure melon is aging is exactly crossbreed F ₁, be exactly the male parent parent after the melon that the male parent female flower is forged is aging.

6, florescence indirect labor pollination, particularly overcast and rainy, close honeybee activity less or inertia.At this moment just need to carry out according to a conventional method artificial supplementary pollination,, improve seed production, guarantee seed quality to guarantee full seed.

7, kind of the melon of gathering: from the 45-50 days results in the open back of female flower, 45 days kind melon hollow kernels of less than influences F ₁The growing way in generation.Seed will be cleaned and dry, and keeps properly.

By above measure, general production of hybrid seeds per mu yield seed is about 25Kg, and under the condition of liquid manure abundance, production of hybrid seeds per mu yield seed can be up to 35-40Kg.

Claims

1, a kind of short living China squash cross-breeding method comprises and selects the short living China squash inbred line and the pumpkin variety of overgrowing of assembly mutually with it, it is characterized in that with short living inbred line 84A1-0-4

Be female parent, with local early pumpkin kind 85-5-1 as male parent

Short southern No. 1 (84A1-0-4 is made in (seven leaf melons) hybridization

* 85-5-1

).

2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, will to be controlled at temperature be season of 17 ℃-27 ℃ parents' florescence when it is characterized in that the production of hybrid seeds, and male parent was than maternal early sowing 10-15 days.

3, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the selected soil acidity or alkalinity appropriate pH value of the production of hybrid seeds is 5.5-6.8.

4, in accordance with the method for claim 1, when it is characterized in that the seed farm female parent will enter the florescence, need the male flower on the maternal plant is all destroyed, must not allow maternal male flower growth at the whole florescence.

5, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that kind of the melon of when female flower is opened back 45-50 days, gathering.