CN114181279A - 抗菌多肽化合物、医疗器械、水凝胶及其应用 - Google Patents
抗菌多肽化合物、医疗器械、水凝胶及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114181279A CN114181279A CN202110407232.9A CN202110407232A CN114181279A CN 114181279 A CN114181279 A CN 114181279A CN 202110407232 A CN202110407232 A CN 202110407232A CN 114181279 A CN114181279 A CN 114181279A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗菌多肽化合物、医疗器械、水凝胶及其应用,该抗菌多肽化合物具有高抗菌活性,酶解稳定性高,生物利用度高,且细胞毒性低。本发明的水凝胶不粘连伤口,具抗菌活性和止血性能,可用于药物包载与缓释,如可以负载消炎药物或者表皮生长因子、血管生长因子等,加速伤口愈合,减少瘢痕组织纤维的形成。同时本发明的水凝胶的制备方法工艺步骤少,原料种类简单,操作方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物化学技术领域,涉及一种抗菌多肽化合物,具体涉及一种可用于抗菌、止血的抗菌多肽化合物、水凝胶及其应用,及该抗菌多肽化合物或水凝胶适用的医疗器械。
背景技术
随着抗生素在医疗、农业和食品工业的过量使用和滥用,导致了细菌对抗生素耐药性的惊人增长,使得现有抗生素的治疗效果大大降低,严重威胁全球公共健康和人类生命安全。当前全球每年约有70万人的死亡是耐药菌感染造成的,据估计,到2050年每年将有1000万人因此而死亡,经济损失将超数万亿美元。世卫组织已经将细菌耐药问题视为“当今全球健康、食品安全和发展面临的最大威胁之一”(生物工程学报,2018,34(8):1346-1360)。为应对细菌耐药给人类健康和生命安全带来的挑战,研发新型的抗菌药物已然成为了目前最紧迫的医学问题之一。
鉴于多肽分子与小分子药物相比具有结合面更大、作用靶向更强、更安全、副作用更小、不易引起严重免疫反应等优点,当前抗菌肽分子已成为新兴的抗菌药物研发的热门领域。然而天然抗菌肽往往由于抗菌活性低、系统毒性不明而限制了其临床应用。抗菌肽肽链中氨基酸构型、侧链的改变及化学修饰往往对其抗菌活性、毒性等产生不可预知的改变。因此,对抗菌肽化合物进行氨基酸修饰和替换,也是获得高效、低毒的抗菌肽衍生物的一个重要策略。
近年来,水凝胶被认为是一种非常有潜力的用于抗菌、止血、促伤口愈合、抗粘连等的生物材料。一般地,制备水凝胶材料主要有两大类,一类是合成高分子,一类是天然生物材料如多糖和蛋白质、多肽等。其中多肽水凝胶在体内易被蛋白酶水解为氨基酸,对机体不会产生不良影响,其低副作用的特性要优于已有的高分子水凝胶。
抗菌肽J-1(Jelleine-1)是最早从蜜蜂Apismellifera蜂王浆的一种天然抗菌肽,其具有广谱抗菌、抗真菌等活性(Peptides,2004,25:919–928)。
然而,抗菌肽J-1同其它天然抗菌肽一样存在抗菌活性低,生物利用度低等缺点,严重限制了其应用(Peptides,2019,112:56-66)。为提高其生物活性及和临床应用性,本发明基于抗菌肽J-1设计合成了系列抗菌肽J-1衍生物。我们研究发现,这些衍生物能表现出比抗菌肽J-1更好的抗菌活性、更低的细胞毒性,更好的酶解稳定性,且都能通过简单方法制备成水凝胶,非常有潜力发展成为具有抗菌、止血、促伤口愈合等功能的生物敷料。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种抗菌多肽化合物,该抗菌多肽化合物具有高抗菌活性,酶解稳定性高,生物利用度高,且细胞毒性低。
为达上述目的,本发明提供一种抗菌多肽化合物,所述抗菌多肽化合物具有以下氨基酸序列表示的母体肽:
Pro-Xaa2-Xaa3-Leu-Xaa5-Leu-Xaa7-Leu-NH2
其中,Xaa2=Phe,homo-Phe或Trp;
Xaa3=Lys,Aib,Orn,Dab,Dap或Arg;
Xaa5=Ser,Lys,Orn,Dab,Dap或Arg;
Xaa7=His,Lys,Orn,Dab,Dap或Arg;
且当Xaa2=Phe,Xaa3=Lys,Xaa5=Ser时,Xaa7≠His。
当Xaa2=Phe,Xaa3=Lys,Xaa5=Ser且Xaa7=His时,所示氨基酸序列为天然抗菌肽J-1的氨基酸序列,该氨基酸序列不在本发明的保护范围内。
当Xaa2为Phe,Xaa3为Lys,Xaa5为Lys,Xaa7为His时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物1(涉及SEQ ID NO:1):
Pro-Phe-Lys-Leu-Lys-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
PFKLKLHL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Phe,Xaa3为Orn,Xaa5为Ser,Xaa7为Lys时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物2(涉及SEQ ID NO:2):
Pro-Phe-Orn-Leu-Ser-Leu-Lys-Leu-NH2
PF-Orn-LSLKL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Phe,Xaa3为Dab,Xaa5为Lys,Xaa7为Lys时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物3(涉及SEQ ID NO:3):
Pro-Phe-Dab-Leu-Lys-Leu-Lys-Leu-NH2
PF-Dab-LKLKL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Phe,Xaa3为Arg,Xaa5为Ser,Xaa7为His时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物4(涉及SEQ ID NO:4):
Pro-Phe-Arg-Leu-Ser-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
PFRLSLHL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Phe,Xaa3为Arg,Xaa5为Arg,Xaa7为His时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物5(涉及SEQ ID NO:5):
Pro-Phe-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
PFRLRLHL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Phe,Xaa3为Arg,Xaa5为Ser,Xaa7为Arg时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物6(涉及SEQ ID NO:6):
Pro-Phe-Arg-Leu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2
PFRLSLRL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Phe,Xaa3为Arg,Xaa5为Arg,Xaa7为Arg时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物7(涉及SEQ ID NO:7):
Pro-Phe-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2
PFRLRLRL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Trp,Xaa3为Lys,Xaa5为Ser,Xaa7为His时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物8(涉及SEQ ID NO:8):
Pro-Trp-Lys-Leu-Ser-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
PWKLSLHL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Trp,Xaa3为Orn,Xaa5为Orn,Xaa7为His时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物9(涉及SEQ ID NO:9):
Pro-Trp-Orn-Leu-Orn-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
PW-Orn-L-Orn-LHL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Trp,Xaa3为Dab,Xaa5为Ser,Xaa7为Dab时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物10(涉及SEQ ID NO:10):
Pro-Trp-Dab-Leu-Ser-Leu-Dab-Leu-NH2
PW-Dab-LSL-Dab-L-NH2。
当Xaa2为Trp,Xaa3为Dap,Xaa5为Dap,Xaa7为Dap时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物11(涉及SEQ ID NO:11):
Pro-Trp-Dap-Leu-Dap-Leu-Dap-Leu-NH2
PW-Dap-L-Dap-L-Dap-L-NH2。
当Xaa2为Trp,Xaa3为Arg,Xaa5为Ser,Xaa7为His时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物12(涉及SEQ ID NO:12):
Pro-Trp-Arg-Leu-Ser-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
PWRLSLHL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Trp,Xaa3为Arg,Xaa5为Arg,Xaa7为His时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物13(涉及SEQ ID NO:13):
Pro-Trp-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
PWRLRLHL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Trp,Xaa3为Arg,Xaa5为Ser,Xaa7为Arg时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物14(涉及SEQ ID NO:14):
Pro-Trp-Arg-Leu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2
PWRLSLHL-NH2。
当Xaa2为Trp,Xaa3为Arg,Xaa5为Arg,Xaa7为Arg时,标记抗菌多肽化合物为化合物15(涉及SEQ ID NO:15):
Pro-Trp-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2
PWRLRLRL-NH2。
上述化合物1-15及天然抗菌肽J-1的氨基酸序列如下表1所示:
表1化合物1-15及天然抗菌肽J-1的氨基酸序列
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种水凝胶的制备方法。
本发明的发明人经过大量的实验研究,证明该水凝胶具有抗菌、止血性能,可负载各类药物或生长因子,实现敷料的功能化治疗、实现创面治疗中抗菌、止血、为创面提供湿性环境等功能。
为达上述目的,本发明提供的水凝胶是由上述抗菌多肽化合物与缓冲液经反应聚合而成。
本发明的水凝胶具体通过以下方法制备:
步骤S1:将抗菌多肽化合物溶于二甲基亚砜,得到抗菌多肽化合物的溶解液,备用;
步骤S2:将抗菌多肽化合物的溶解液加入至缓冲液中,在超声或搅拌条件下进行离子交联聚合反应,得到水凝胶。
本发明的水凝胶中的溶剂主要为水,次要为二甲基亚砜(DMSO),其中二甲基亚砜的体积含量小于5%。
本发明的制备方法,优选地还包括以下步骤:
步骤S3:缓冲液中还可加入药物和/或生长因子,得到负载药物或生长因子的水凝胶。
本发明的药物优选为抗菌药物或消炎药物,生长因子优选为促伤口愈合生长因子。
本发明的缓冲液可以为碳酸盐溶液、亚硫酸盐溶液、以及磷酸盐缓冲液等,优选磷酸盐缓冲液;其中磷酸盐缓冲液为将Na2HPO4、KH2PO4、KCl以及NaCl按比例溶解于去离子水中制得;抗菌多肽化合物与磷酸盐缓冲液的组分及配比以摩尔比计为抗菌多肽化合物:Na2HPO4:KH2PO4:KCl:NaCl=(1-50):(1-10):(1-5):(1-5):(50-200);优选抗菌多肽化合物:Na2HPO4:KH2PO4:KCl:NaCl=1-50:10:2:2.7:137。
优选地,本发明的磷酸盐缓冲液的组分还包括二磷酸腺苷(ADP),该磷酸盐缓冲液的组分及配比以摩尔比计为Na2HPO4:KH2PO4:KCl:NaCl:ADP=(1-10):(1-5):(1-5):(50-200):1;优选ADP与Na2HPO4的摩尔比为1:10。
本发明的反应可以为物理反应或化学反应,优选离子交联聚合反应,反应温度为0-60℃,反应时间为1-120min。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种水凝胶在防粘连药物中的应用,该防粘连药物包含负载有药物或生长因子的水凝胶和至少一种药学上可接受的药用载体和/或辅料。
本发明的防粘连药物为片剂、糖衣片剂、粒剂、滴剂、喷雾剂、冲洗剂、漱口剂、用于皮肤表面的油膏和药贴、以及用于注射的无菌溶液中的至少一种剂型。
本发明的药物为抗菌药物或消炎药物,所述生长因子为促伤口愈合生长因子。
本发明的水凝胶可以直接对创面进行冲洗、喷涂、湿敷或覆盖,制作成方便使用的喷雾剂,直接喷敷于创面形成保护膜,能瞬间止血、保持创面湿润,创造利于上皮细胞的生长和愈合的低氧环境,加速伤口愈合;同时水凝胶中的抗菌肽,起到快速广谱持久的杀菌作用,伤口愈合后抗菌肽分解为氨基酸代谢,避免粘连和残留。
此外,本发明的水凝胶还可依据病症或创面的位置,选择合适的使用方法及制作成相应的适用剂型;例如,创伤、挫伤、擦伤、术后伤口、烧烫伤、溃疡清创后,可将本发明的水凝胶喷涂换出、或湿敷并包扎;痔疮、肛脓肿、肛瘘、肛裂、造口、造瘘、会阴侧切、包皮环切术后可将本发明的水凝胶喷涂或湿敷包扎;放疗前后,可将本发明的水凝胶对局部皮肤进行喷涂或湿敷;糖尿病足、脉管炎、老年性褥疮慢性不愈合伤口,清创后可将本发明的水凝胶喷涂患处;口腔异味、口腔术后护理可将本发明的水凝胶制作成漱口剂直接含于口腔漱口后排出;癣、疱疹、粉刺等,可将本发明的水凝胶喷涂或湿敷于创面;因刺激皮肤出现不适、痛痒、干燥、脱皮等现象,可将本发明的水凝胶直接喷涂或湿敷,以此改善皮肤健康。
本发明的水凝胶还可负载各类药物或生长因子,从而实现功能化治疗。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种医疗器械,该医疗器械具有上述抗菌多肽化合物或水凝胶。
本发明的抗菌多肽化合物或水凝胶可涂覆于医疗器械的至少一个表面上形成材料。
本发明的医疗器械的形式为由医用敷料、纤维、网片、粉末、微球、薄片、海绵、泡沫、缝合锚定器械、导管、支架、外科手术平头钉、板和螺丝、药物递送器械、防粘屏障和组织粘合剂组成的群组中的任一者。
本发明的纤维为织物;薄片为膜或夹片;缝合锚定器械为缝合线或U形钉。
本发明的抗菌多肽化合物具有高抗菌活性,酶解稳定性高,生物利用度高,且细胞毒性低,且在特定条件下能形成水凝胶。
本发明的水凝胶不粘连伤口,具抗菌活性和止血性能,可用于药物包载与缓释,如可以负载消炎药物或者表皮生长因子、血管生长因子等,加速伤口愈合,减少瘢痕组织纤维的形成。同时本发明的水凝胶的制备方法工艺步骤少,原料种类简单,操作方便。本发明的医疗器械具有该抗菌多肽化合物或水凝胶,从而实现更加方便、高效的治疗作用,能广泛应用于临床中。
附图说明
以下,结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施方案,其中:
图1:为本发明的化合物2、8、9、13、15在腹膜炎脓毒症小鼠模型中对小鼠存活率的影响。
图2:为本发明的溶血率评价结果柱状图。
图3:为本发明的化合物2、8、9、13、15与天然抗菌肽J-1对所测试细胞增殖的影响图。
图4:为本发明的化合物2、8、9、13、15与天然抗菌肽J-1对大肠杆菌内、外膜通透性的影响。
图5:为小鼠腹腔分别注射化合物2、8、9、13、15(100mg/kg、300mg/kg、500mg/kg、700mg/kg、1000mg/kg)后,各组小鼠的存活率曲线图。
图6:本发明的抗菌多肽化合物的水凝胶图片及电镜图片。
图7:为本发明的水凝胶对小鼠肝脏出血模型中的止血性能图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。本发明中所用仪器包括:高效液相色谱仪为美国waters公司的Delta 600型,所用制备柱为反相C18柱(XBridgeBEH 130Prep),19mm*250mm;分析柱为反相C8柱,4.6mm*250mm;质谱仪为BrukerMaxis 4G质谱仪;所用试剂包括:树脂为天津南开和成公司的Rink-amide-MBHA-resin(取代值为0.43mol/g,200~400目);N-A-Fmoc保护的氨基酸、N-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOBt)、氧-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲-六氟磷酸盐(HBTU)、二异丙基乙胺(DIEA)和三异丙基硅烷(TIS)均购自上海吉尔生化有限公司;二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、六氢吡啶(哌啶)、甲醇、三氟乙酸(TFA)、苯酚和吡啶均购自天津第二试剂厂;茚三酮购自上海试剂三厂。其它所用仪器或试剂未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议条件进行。
一、抗菌多肽化合物的制备
为方便阐述,以化合物1-15为例,本发明的抗菌多肽化合物的制备方法包括但不限于以下步骤:
(1)树脂溶胀及检测:一定量的Rink-amide-MBHA树脂(取代值为0.45mmol/g)置于合成仪中,加入适量重蒸的二氯甲烷,浸泡搅拌30min后使其完全溶胀,随后用重蒸的DMF清洗四次(每次两分钟),然后茚检,检测树脂是否干净(茚检试剂为吡啶:茚三酮:苯酚=2:1:1)。
(2)脱除F-moc保护基团:用20%重蒸的六氢吡啶+80%重蒸的DMF(v/v)清洗四遍(每次三分钟)脱去F-moc保护基,再用重蒸DMF清洗四遍(每次两分钟),然后茚检,检测保护基是否脱去。
(3)氨基酸缩合反应:称取3倍过量的缩合剂HOBT、HBTU和氨基酸(N-alpha-Fmoc保护)用重蒸DMF溶解后,加入六倍过量的启动剂DIEA混匀后,加入到步骤2中脱去Fmoc的树脂中,开始缩合反应,整个反应过程用氩气保护,搅拌反应一小时。抽干溶剂后用重蒸DMF清洗四遍(每次两分钟),然后茚检,检测氨基酸是否缩合完全。每合成一个氨基酸时重复上述脱F-moc保护和缩合反应过程,直到化合物1-15的各序列完成缩合。所用到的氨基酸有Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Orn(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Dap(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Arg(pbf)-OH、Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH。
(4)肽链切割:当最后一个氨基酸合成完毕后用20%重蒸的六氢吡啶脱去F-moc保护,茚检,然后用重蒸的二氯甲烷和重蒸甲醇交替清洗两遍(每次三分钟),将合成仪密封用水泵抽三小时,待树脂完全抽干,然后加入切割试剂(TFA:Tris:H2O=95:2.5:2.5),反应三小时,反应期间每隔二十分钟搅拌一分钟,三小时后用旋转蒸发仪将其旋干,放入-20℃冰箱保存。
(5)萃取:将产物从-20℃冰箱取出,加入冰乙醚,剧烈摇晃后静置十分钟,待完全分层后,用双蒸水先萃取上清层,然后再萃取下层,将萃取后的液体分装至50ml烧杯放入-80℃过夜,然后冷冻干燥得到粗肽粉末。
(6)多肽纯化:①脱盐,用G-25葡聚糖凝胶柱对粗肽进行脱盐以除去小分子杂质。称取一定量粗肽(40mg左右)用5%的冰醋酸/水溶液(1ml)溶解,然后上样,用5%的冰醋酸/水溶液洗脱,观察紫外检测仪220nm处吸收值,收集主峰,然后将收集的液体分装至50ml烧杯放入-80℃过夜,然后真空抽干得到脱盐后的粗肽粉末。②HPLC制备,称取一定量脱盐后的粗肽(40mg左右)用20%乙腈/水溶液(5ml)溶解,用滤器过滤后上样,该纯化过程所用的柱子为μ-bondapaktm C18反向柱(19mm×300mm),用20%-80%乙腈/水溶液梯度洗脱,观察紫外检测仪220nm吸收值,收集主峰,将收集的液体分装置50ml烧杯放入-80℃过夜,然后真空抽干得纯肽粉末。所合成的化合物1-15以及天然抗菌肽J-1的氨基酸序列和质谱表征如下表2所示。
表2化合物1-15的氨基酸序列及质谱表征
二、抗菌多肽化合物最小抑菌浓度的测定
抗菌多肽化合物的抗菌活性和抗真菌活性的测定所用细菌菌株有:大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)、大肠杆菌(ATCC 43837)、铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC 27853),肺炎克雷伯菌(ATCC700603)、坂崎肠杆菌(ATCC 29544)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 29213)、枯草芽孢杆菌(ATCC23857)和表皮葡萄球菌(ATCC 12228);所用真菌菌株为白色念珠菌(ATCC 14053)、光滑念珠菌(ATCC 2001)、近平滑念珠菌(ATCC 22019)、热带念珠菌(ATCC 750)和克柔念珠菌(ATCC 6258),以上菌株均为标准菌株,均来自于美国菌种保藏中心。此外,耐药菌株S-1a,S-2a,S-3a,S-4a,E-1b,E-2b,E-3b,E-4b,E-5b,P-1c,P-2c,P-3c,P-4c,P-5c,及临床分离真菌菌株光滑念珠菌2-1、白色念珠菌14-1、14-2、14-3均为临床分离菌株。
化合物对细菌和真菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值都是采用美国临床和实验室标准协会(NCCLS)推荐的标准二倍稀释法进行测定的。简单地,取适量细菌或真菌冻存液至新鲜MH/SD培养基中,将菌液置于37℃摇床上,180rpm培养过夜。将上述菌液进行二次转接并在摇床继续培养4-5小时,得到对数生长期细菌。然后取1×105CFU/ml菌液加入96孔板内,每孔100μL,之后按二倍稀释的方式每孔100μL两倍于终浓度的不同浓度的多肽(1-256μM)。阴性对照为新鲜培养液,每个浓度做三个平行。加药后将96孔板放入37℃恒温恒湿培养箱内培养12小时即可观测结果,以肉眼可见显浑浊孔后第一个透亮孔的化合物浓度记为该化合物最小抑菌浓度,即其对该菌的MIC值。化合物1-15对标准细菌菌株的最小抑菌浓度结果详见表3,化合物1-15对真菌的抑菌活性结果详见表4。以抗菌肽J-1、环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、庆大霉素(gentamicin)作为对照组,化合物2、8、9、13、15对耐药菌株的抑菌活性结果详见表5。
由表3和表5的结果可以看出,化合物1-15对所测试的细菌及真菌均表现出了很好的抗菌、抗真菌活性。其中,化合物7和化合物15的抗菌、抗真菌活性较天然抗菌肽J-1提高了8-16倍,本发明的其他化合物的抗菌、抗真菌活性较抗菌肽J-1提高了1-8倍。值得一提的是,化合物1-15均对临床分离的耐药菌株表现出良好的抗菌活性。
表3化合物1-15对标准细菌菌株的最小抑菌浓度
表4化合物1-15对真菌的抑菌活性
表5化合物2、8、9、13、15对耐药菌株的抑菌活性
a为临床分离的耐药株MRSA;b为临床分离的耐药株ESBL;c为临床分离的耐药株PA。
三、抗菌多肽化合物体内抗菌评价
抗菌多肽化合物体内抗菌活性的测定是通过检测细菌感染小鼠的存活率反映其体内抗菌活性。
本发明以化合物2、8、9、13、15为例,研究抗菌多肽化合物体内抗菌效果。本实验所用小鼠为昆明系小鼠,这些小鼠被安置在一个恒温环境中(22±1℃)。简单地,将36只昆明小鼠(体重18~22克)随机分为6组,第1天腹腔注射0.2ml浓度为3×108CFU/mL大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922),建立腹膜炎脓毒症小鼠模型。接种细菌1h后腹腔内给药一次,然后20mg/kg体重的剂量腹腔注射化合物2、8、9、13、15,选取多粘菌素B(20mg/kg)作为阳性对照药物,阴性对照组采用腹腔注射无菌生理盐水,随后观察7天,计算各给药组和对照组小鼠存活率并绘制生存曲线。
图1为本发明的化合物2、8、9、13、15在腹膜炎脓毒症小鼠模型中对小鼠存活率的影响。从图1的结果可以看出,本发明的化合物13和阳性对照组小鼠存活率最高,为100%;化合物9和15的存活率相当,在90%以上;化合物2和8的存活率在70%以上;其次是天然抗菌肽J-I存活率在50%左右;阴性对照组小鼠的存活率最差,在第3天时,小鼠全部死亡。相较于阴性对照组和天然抗菌肽J-I,本发明的化合物2、8、9、13、15在20mg/kg的浓度下均可以有效提高小鼠的生存率。由此可以证明,本发明的抗菌多肽化合物体内抗菌活性高。
四、抗菌多肽化合物溶血毒性评价
溶血活性是通过测定抗菌多肽化合物对小鼠血红细胞的溶血浓度来测定的。
本发明以化合物1-15为例,研究抗菌多肽化合物溶血毒性。将小鼠红细胞浓度稀释至8%,将红细胞悬液加入到96孔板中(每孔100μL),然后每孔加入化合物100μL。孵育1h后,取每孔中的上清置于新的96孔板中,然后使用酶标仪于490nm处测定样品上清液的吸光值。本发明以PBS和2%Triton-X100分别作为阴性对照和阳性对照。
图2为本发明的溶血率评价结果柱状图.其中Triton X-100用作阳性对照,其溶血率定为100%;PBS用作阴性对照,其溶血率为0。由图2的结果可以看出,本发明的化合物1-15对小鼠红细胞几乎不表现溶血活性,溶血率均<5%。由此可以证明,本发明的抗菌多肽化合物溶血活性低。
五、抗菌多肽化合物的细胞毒性评价
细胞毒性是通过MTT方法测定各化合物对人宫颈癌细胞Hela、人胚肾上皮细胞HEK293细胞和小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖影响而测定的。
本发明以化合物2、8、9、13、15为例,研究抗菌多肽化合物的细胞毒性。本发明所用的三种细胞株为人宫颈癌细胞Hela、人胚肾上皮细胞HEK293细胞和小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7。Hela细胞培养在含有10%新生牛血清的RPMI 1640培养基,HEK293细胞和RAW264.7细胞培养在含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中。简单地,将细胞(1×104细胞/孔)接种于96孔板中,放入37℃5%CO2培养箱中孵育,24h后加入不同浓度的化合物后放入5%CO2培养箱中孵育,24h后每孔加入20μL浓度为5mg/mL的MTT溶液孵育,4h后吸出培养基加入150μL DMSO用于溶解蓝紫色结晶甲瓒。用振荡器震荡5min后用酶标仪检测吸光值(570nm),然后计算存活率=(OD加药组/OD对照组)×100%(n=3)。
图3为本发明的化合物2、8、9、13和15与天然抗菌肽J-1对所测试细胞增殖的影响图。其中左图为化合物2、8、9、13和15与天然抗菌肽J-1对Hela细胞增殖的影响图;中间图为化合物2、8、9、13和15对RAW 264.7细胞增殖的影响图;右图为化合物2、8、9、13和15对HEK293细胞增殖的影响图。由图3的结果可以看出,化合物2、8、9、13和15对所测试的三种细胞均不表现抑制活性。由此可以证明,本发明的抗菌多肽化合物不具有细胞毒性。
六、抗菌多肽化合物大肠杆菌外膜(OM)渗透性评价
细菌细胞外膜的破坏作用是通过使用疏水性荧光探针NPN(1-N-phenylnaphthylamine)测定化合物对大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)外膜渗透性的影响而测定的。
本发明以化合物2、8、9、13和15为例,研究抗菌多肽化合物大肠杆菌外膜(OM)渗透性。将大肠杆菌细胞用PBS溶液清洗两遍后用5mM HEPES(PH 7.2)重悬,然后将其稀释到浓度为5*104CFU/mL。化合物浓度为1×MIC-8×MIC,实验组:100μL菌液+50μL Jelleine-I+50μL NPN(40μM);对照组:100μL菌液+50μL HEPES(5mM)+50μL NPN(40μM)。激发和发射波长分别设置为350nm和420nm,用多功能酶标仪每分钟检测一次,连续检测十五分钟。
图4为本发明的化合物2、8、9、13和15与天然抗菌肽J-1对大肠杆菌内、外膜通透性的影响。其中,图4(A、C、E、G、I、K)分别为不同剂量的天然抗菌肽J-1与化合物2、8、9、13和15对大肠杆菌外膜通透性的影响,其中HEPES缓冲液用作阴性对照;由图4(A、C、E、G、I、K)的结果可以看出,化合物2、8、9、13和15与抗菌肽J-1一样均能剂量依赖的破坏大肠杆菌外膜完整性。
七、抗菌多肽化合物大肠杆菌内膜(IM)渗透性评价
对细菌内膜的完整性的影响是通过使用ONPG(邻硝基苯-β-D-半乳糖苷)测定大肠杆菌ML-35(ATCC 43837)胞内β-半乳糖甘酶的释放量从而检测化合物对大肠杆菌内膜渗透性影响来测定的。
本发明以化合物2、8、9、13和15为例,研究抗菌多肽化合物大肠杆菌内膜(IM)渗透性。将大肠杆菌ML-35细胞用PBS溶液清洗两遍然后用0.9%氯化钠溶液重悬。化合物浓度为1×MIC-8×MIC,实验组:100μL菌液+90μLJelleine-I+10μL ONPG(30mM);阳性对照组:100μL菌液+90μL 1%Triton-X100+10μLONPG(30mM);阴性对照组:100μL菌液+90μL 0.5%氯化钠溶液+10μL ONPG(30mM)。用多功能酶标仪检测420nm处吸光度,每五分钟检测一次,连续检测九十分钟。
图4为本发明的化合物2、8、9、13和15与天然抗菌肽J-1对大肠杆菌内、外膜通透性的影响。图4(B、D、F、H、J、L)分别为不同剂量的抗菌肽J-1和化合物2、8、9、13和15对大肠杆菌内膜通透性的影响,其中triton X-100用作阳性对照,生理盐水用作阴性对照;由图4(B、D、F、H、J、L)的结果可以看出,化合物2、8、9、13和15与天然抗菌肽J-1相似,能剂量依赖的破坏大肠杆菌细胞内膜的完整性。
八、抗菌多肽化合物急性毒性评价
化合物的急性毒性是通过测定各化合物对小鼠的急性毒性而测定的。
本发明以化合物2、8、9、13和15为例,研究抗菌多肽化合物大肠杆菌内膜(IM)渗透性。本实验所用小鼠为昆明系小鼠,这些小鼠被安置在一个恒温环境中(22±1℃),可以自由的获取水和食物。简单地,132只健康昆明小鼠随机分为11组,每组12只(雌雄各半),其中5组腹腔注射0.2ml不同剂量的化合物(100-1000mg/kg),对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,本实验中以蜂毒肽作为对照药物,另外5组腹腔注射不同剂量的蜂毒肽(10-32mg/kg),给药2h后观察记录小鼠状态,之后一天观察两次,连续观察14天,记录小鼠存活率。
图5为小鼠腹腔分别注射化合物2、8、9、13和15(100mg/kg、300mg/kg、500mg/kg、700mg/kg、1000mg/kg)后,各组小鼠的存活率曲线图。由图5的结果可以看出,化合物2、8、9、13和15在最高剂量1000mg/kg处理组有1-3只小鼠死亡,其它均无明显的异常行为。根据寇氏法计算蜂毒肽Magainin的LD50为20mg/kg,化合物2、8、9、13和15的LD50大于1000mg/kg,其急性毒性比蜂毒肽Magainin至少低50倍。由此可以证明,本发明的抗菌多肽化合物的急性毒性低。
九、水凝胶的制备
本发明的水凝剂的原料及配比按照摩尔比计为:抗菌多肽化合物1-50mM;Na2HPO4:1-10mM;KH2PO4:1-5mM;KCl:1-5mM;NaCl:50-200mM;所述水凝胶溶剂主要为水,次要为二甲基亚砜(DMSO),其比例低于5%(v/v)。
本发明的水凝胶的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将化合物溶于DMSO,配成多肽化合物溶解液储液;将Na2HPO4;KH2PO4;KCl;NaCl;按上述浓度溶解于去离子水中备用;
步骤二:将DMSO溶解的抗菌肽J-1溶液用加入到上述盐溶液中,化合物终浓度为1.5-40mM,搅拌均匀即可得水凝胶;
步骤三:在步骤二制备水凝胶的过程中,提前在盐溶液中加入药物或生长因子,可制得负载药物或生长因子的水凝胶缓释敷料。
本发明以化合物8为例,首先将化合物8溶解于二甲基亚砜中配成化合物高浓度母液,然后将化合物高浓度母液加入到磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS,pH6.0~9.0)中,终浓度稀释到10mM,搅拌放置适当时间即可成水凝胶。
图6:本发明的抗菌多肽化合物的水凝胶图片及电镜图片。其中图6中A为液体状态的抗菌体;图6中B为本发明的抗菌多肽化合物的水凝胶图片;图6中C为本发明的抗菌多肽化合物溶解于去离子水中,室温干燥后所呈现的电镜图片;图6中D为本发明的水凝胶在室温经干燥后所呈现的电镜图片。
十、水凝胶在小鼠肝脏出血模型中止血性能测定
选用上述过程制备的水凝胶对止血性能进行测定。测定水凝胶止血性能所用小鼠为雄性昆明系小鼠,体重18-22g,这些小鼠在温度22~24℃,相对温度45%~55%环境下饲养,术前12h对实验小鼠禁食。
肝脏出血模型的建立:实验共分两组,分别为对照组、化合物8水凝胶组,每组8只小鼠。用40mg/kg体重的戊巴比妥钠麻醉小鼠,然后将小鼠固定在手术台上,腹部备皮,使用碘伏对手术区域进行消毒;然后在腹部取一个直径为1.5cm左右的纵向切口,逐层分离,充分暴露肝脏右页,随后将事先称好重量的滤纸片垫在肝脏右页下方,用21G的针头将肝脏右页正中间刺穿,随后立即敷200ul水凝胶在伤口处(对照组不做任何处理),拍照记录肝脏出血过程。
图7:为本发明的水凝胶对小鼠肝脏出血模型中的止血性能图;图7中A为生理盐水对照组;图7中B为本发明的水凝胶处理组。由图7的结果可以看出,与对照组相比,本发明的水凝胶能明显抑制肝脏出血。由此可以证明,本发明的水凝胶具有良好的止血性能。
虽然本发明已以实施例揭露如上然其并非用以限定本发明,任何所属技术领域中具有公知常识者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作些许的更动与润饰,故本发明的保护范围当视所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。
序列表
<110> 广州图微科创生物科技有限公司
<120> 抗菌多肽化合物、医疗器械、水凝胶及其应用
<130> GD2387-20P125134
<150> 202011613292.8
<151> 2020-12-30
<150> 202110240501.7
<151> 2021-03-04
<160> 16
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<400> 1
Pro Phe Lys Leu Lys Leu His Leu
1 5
<210> 2
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (3)..(3)
<223> X=Orn
<400> 2
Pro Phe Xaa Leu Ser Leu Lys Leu
1 5
<210> 3
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (3)..(3)
<223> X=Dab
<400> 3
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1 5
<210> 4
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<400> 4
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<210> 5
<211> 8
<212> PRT
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<222> (3)..(3)
<223> X=Orn
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<212> PRT
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<221> MISC_FEATURE
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<213> 人工序列
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<222> (5)..(5)
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<222> (7)..(7)
<223> X=Dap
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Claims (17)
1.一种抗菌多肽化合物,其特征在于,所述抗菌多肽化合物具有以下氨基酸序列表示的母体肽:
Pro-Xaa2-Xaa3-Leu-Xaa5-Leu-Xaa7-Leu-NH2
其中,Xaa2=Phe,homo-Phe或Trp;
Xaa3=Lys,Aib,Orn,Dab,Dap或Arg;
Xaa5=Ser,Lys,Orn,Dab,Dap或Arg;
Xaa7=His,Lys,Orn,Dab,Dap或Arg;
且当Xaa2=Phe,Xaa3=Lys,Xaa5=Ser时,Xaa7≠His。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌多肽化合物,其特征在于,所述抗菌多肽化合物的氨基酸如下所示:
化合物1:
Pro-Phe-Lys-Leu-Lys-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
化合物2:
Pro-Phe-Orn-Leu-Ser-Leu-Lys-Leu-NH2
化合物3:
Pro-Phe-Dab-Leu-Lys-Leu-Lys-Leu-NH2
化合物4:
Pro-Phe-Arg-Leu-Ser-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
化合物5:
Pro-Phe-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
化合物6:
Pro-Phe-Arg-Leu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2
化合物7:
Pro-Phe-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2
化合物8:
Pro-Trp-Lys-Leu-Ser-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
化合物9:
Pro-Trp-Orn-Leu-Orn-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
化合物10:
Pro-Trp-Dab-Leu-Ser-Leu-Dab-Leu-NH2
化合物11:
Pro-Trp-Dap-Leu-Dap-Leu-Dap-Leu-NH2
化合物12:
Pro-Trp-Arg-Leu-Ser-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
化合物13:
Pro-Trp-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-His-Leu-NH2
化合物14:
Pro-Trp-Arg-Leu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2
化合物15:
Pro-Trp-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2。
3.一种水凝胶,其特征在于,所述水凝胶由权利要求1-2任一项所述的抗菌多肽化合物与缓冲液经反应聚合而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述水凝胶具体通过以下方法制备:
步骤S1:将抗菌多肽化合物溶于二甲基亚砜,得到抗菌多肽化合物的溶解液,备用;
步骤S2:将抗菌多肽化合物的溶解液加入至缓冲液中,在超声或搅拌条件下进行离子交联聚合反应,得到水凝胶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,还包括以下步骤:
步骤S3:缓冲液中还加入药物和/或生长因子,得到负载药物或生长因子的水凝胶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述药物为抗菌药物或消炎药物,所述生长因子为促伤口愈合生长因子。
7.根据权利要求4所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述二甲基亚砜的体积含量小于5%。
8.根据权利要求3所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述缓冲液为磷酸盐缓冲液;所述抗菌多肽化合物与磷酸盐缓冲液的组分及配比以摩尔比计为抗菌多肽化合物:Na2HPO4:KH2PO4:KCl:NaCl=(1-50):(1-10):(1-5):(1-5):(50-200)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述磷酸盐缓冲液的组分还包括ADP,以摩尔比计所述ADP与Na2HPO4的比例为1:(1-50)。
10.根据权利要求3所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述反应为离子交联聚合反应,反应温度为0-60℃,反应时间为1-120min。
11.一种根据权利要求3-10任一项所述的水凝胶在防粘连药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述防粘连药物包含负载有药物和/或生长因子的所述水凝胶和至少一种药学上可接受的药用载体和/或辅料。
12.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于,所述防粘连药物为片剂、糖衣片剂、粒剂、滴剂、喷雾剂、冲洗剂、漱口剂、用于皮肤表面的油膏和药贴、以及用于注射的无菌溶液中的至少一种剂型。
13.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物为抗菌药物或消炎药物,所述生长因子为促伤口愈合生长因子。
14.一种医疗器械,其特征在于,具有权利要求1-2任一项所述的抗菌多肽化合物或权利要求3-13任一项所述的水凝胶。
15.根据权利要求14所述的医疗器械,其特征在于,所述抗菌多肽化合物或所述水凝胶涂覆于所述医疗器械的至少一个表面上形成材料。
16.根据权利要求14所述的医疗器械,其特征在于,所述医疗器械的形式为由医用敷料、纤维、网片、粉末、微球、薄片、海绵、泡沫、缝合锚定器械、导管、支架、外科手术平头钉、板和螺丝、药物递送器械、防粘屏障和组织粘合剂组成的群组中的任一者。
17.根据权利要求16所述的医疗器械,其特征在于,所述纤维为织物;所述薄片为膜或夹片;所述缝合锚定器械为缝合线或U形钉。
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