CN114181020A - Organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer and application thereof for reducing application and improving efficiency - Google Patents
Organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer and application thereof for reducing application and improving efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blending fertilizer and application of reducing application and enhancing effect thereof, wherein the bulk blending fertilizer is prepared by mixing 0-85% of a bio-organic fertilizer, 0-85% of a soil conditioner and a component A, a carrier of a compound microbial strain in the bio-organic fertilizer contains 3 components of humic acid, starch and a phosphorus-containing carrier, the soil conditioner contains 5 components of medium trace elements of calcium, magnesium, silicon, ferrum and manganese, and the component A comprises 0-93.3% of urea, 0-93.3% of ammonium chloride, 0-93.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0-50% of monoammonium phosphate, 0-45% of diammonium phosphate, 0-91.3% of potassium chloride and 0-91.3% of potassium sulfate. The organic-inorganic-microbial fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the nutrient distribution ratio of the organic-inorganic-microbial fertilizer is balanced, the quality is stable, the synergistic effect can be exerted, the weight reduction, the pollution control, the quality improvement, the yield increase and the like can be realized after the organic-inorganic-microbial fertilizer is applied to different crops in different areas, and meanwhile, the preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer and application of the organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer in reducing application and improving efficiency.
Background
The blended fertilizer is also called BB (bulk blending fertilizer) fertilizer, is a granular fertilizer prepared by a dry mixing method and has the indicated content of at least two of three nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Compared with the common fertilizer, the blended fertilizer can be applied according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of crops and the soil type proportion. However, the bulk blending fertilizer still has the problems of nonstandard raw material selection, unscientific mixing and the like in the production process, for example, indexes such as moisture content, particle strength, particle size, specific gravity and the like of raw materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like selected by production enterprises are not standard, so that the bulk blending fertilizer is easy to generate phenomena such as layering, pulverization, moisture absorption or caking and the like in the storage, transportation and application processes, the quality and application effect of the bulk blending fertilizer are influenced, and the mechanical fertilization efficiency and the fertilizer utilization rate are reduced.
Besides the traditional three nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the bulk blended fertilizer can also be added with raw materials containing organic matters, medium and trace elements and other nutrients beneficial to microorganisms. The formula has balanced nutrients, is beneficial to improving the soil environment, can promote the absorption of the crops on mineral elements, enhances the stress resistance of the crops, reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, improves the yield and improves the quality of agricultural products. The existing bulk blended fertilizer is mainly the bulk blended chemical fertilizer, organic matters and beneficial microorganisms cannot be added effectively and stably, and the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, soil hardening, environmental pollution and the like can be caused by single excessive application of the chemical fertilizer. Meanwhile, crops have different fertilizer requirements, and different blended fertilizer formulas are formulated according to the characteristics of the crops. Therefore, the invention provides a method for scientifically mixing the nutrients of the organic-inorganic-microbial fertilizer, so that the quality of the organic-inorganic-microbial fertilizer is ensured, and the formula can be customized according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides an organic, inorganic and microbial blended fertilizer and application thereof for reducing application and improving efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blending fertilizer is prepared by mixing 0-85% of bio-organic fertilizer, 0-85% of soil conditioner and 0-85% of A component, wherein the carrier of compound microbial strains in the bio-organic fertilizer contains 3 components of humic acid, starch and phosphorus-containing carrier, the soil conditioner contains 5 components of medium trace elements of calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron and manganese, and the A component comprises 0-93.3% of urea, 0-93.3% of ammonium chloride, 0-93.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0-50% of monoammonium phosphate, 0-45% of diammonium phosphate, 0-91.3% of potassium chloride and 0-91.3% of potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: humic acid, starch, 3 components of a phosphorus-containing carrier and a composite microbial strain are uniformly mixed according to a proportion, and are processed into the biological organic fertilizer containing organic substances and effective viable count after disc granulation, drying and dormancy, screening, cooling and high-amplification-efficiency domestication of the strain.
Preferably, the drying dormancy temperature in the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer is 110 ℃, and the bio-organic fertilizer is processed into the bio-organic fertilizer containing organic matters more than or equal to 40 percent, effective viable count more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, water less than or equal to 3 percent, particle strength more than or equal to 40N, specific gravity of 1.6-1.9 and particle diameter of 2.0-4.75 mm.
Preferably, the screening of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium raw materials in the component A meets the following requirements: urea, N is more than or equal to 46 percent, water is less than or equal to 1 percent, the strength of the granules is more than or equal to 30N, the specific gravity is 0.7-0.8, and the diameter of the granules is 2.0-4.75 mm; ammonium chloride, wherein N is more than or equal to 25 percent, water is less than or equal to 3 percent, the particle strength is more than or equal to 60N, the specific gravity is 0.7-0.8, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; ammonium sulfate, N is more than or equal to 20 percent, water is less than or equal to 3 percent, the particle strength is more than or equal to 60N, the specific gravity is 0.8-0.9, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; monoammonium phosphate, N is more than or equal to 11 percent, P2O5More than or equal to 44 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 0.9-1.1 of specific gravity and 2.64-3.45mm of particle diameter; diammonium phosphate, N is more than or equal to 18 percent, P2O5More than or equal to 46 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 0.9-1.1 of specific gravity and 2.0-4.75mm of particle diameter; potassium chloride, K2O is more than or equal to 60 percent, water is less than or equal to 1 percent, the particle strength is more than or equal to 40N, the specific gravity is 1.0-1.1, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; potassium sulfate, K2SO4More than or equal to 50 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 1.1 to 1.2 of specific gravity and 2.0 to 4.75mm of particle diameter.
Preferably, the soil conditioner screening satisfies the following: CaO + MgO + SiO2+MnO+Fe2O3More than or equal to 40 percent, less than or equal to 3 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 1.1 to 1.2 of specific gravity and 2.0 to 4.75mm of particle diameter.
Preferably, the bulk fertilizer is prepared as follows: weighing the biological organic fertilizer, the soil conditioner and the component A according to the formula proportion, conveying the particles into a mixer for uniform mixing, directly conveying the particles into a metering device for packaging after uniform mixing, and preparing the mixed granular fertilizer.
The application of the organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer for reducing the application and improving the efficiency is applied to the planting of rice, corn and garlic, and the formula of the bulk blend fertilizer for the rice and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps: 355kg of 46 percent urea, 146kg of 25 percent ammonium chloride, 182kg of 55 percent monoammonium phosphate, 167kg of 60 percent potassium chloride and 150kg of bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g) are measured, conveyed to a mixer to be uniformly mixed and then directly conveyed to a measuring device to be packaged, and the blended fertilizer with the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being more than or equal to 40 percent (22-8-10), the organic matter content being more than or equal to 6 percent and the number of effective viable bacteria being more than or equal to 300 million/g is prepared.
Preferably, the preparation method of the blended fertilizer for the corn comprises the following steps: 321kg of 46% urea, 309kg of 25% ammonium chloride, 167kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 133kg of 60% potassium chloride and 70kg of bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40% and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g) are measured, conveyed to a mixer to be uniformly mixed and then directly conveyed to a measuring device to be packaged, and the blended fertilizer with the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being more than or equal to 40% (25-7-8), the organic matter content being more than or equal to 2.8% and the number of effective viable bacteria being more than or equal to 140 ten thousand/g is prepared.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bulk blending fertilizer for garlic comprises the following steps: 265kg of 46% urea, 270kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 360kg of 50% potassium sulfate, 45kg of a biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40% and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g), and 60kg of a soil conditioner (calcium oxide is more than or equal to 30% and magnesium oxide is more than or equal to 15%) are measured, conveyed to a mixer for uniform mixing, and directly conveyed to a measuring device for packaging to prepare the blended fertilizer with the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of more than or equal to 45% (15-12-18), the organic matter content of more than or equal to 1.8%, the number of effective viable bacteria of more than or equal to 90 ten thousand/g, the calcium oxide of more than or equal to 1.8% and the magnesium oxide of more than or equal to 0.9%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with conventional fertilization of a compound (mixed) fertilizer, after the blended fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied, in rice planting, the base fertilizer is reduced by 23.81 percent, the rice yield is increased by 11.84 percent, and the enrichment coefficients of heavy metal Cd and As in grains are respectively reduced by 29.77 percent and 33.46 percent; in the corn planting process, the pH value of soil is improved, the organic matter content is increased, the application of base fertilizer is reduced by 20%, and the yield is increased by 19.05%; the garlic base fertilizer application is reduced by 29.41%, the yield is improved by 22.67%, the contents of garlicin and phosphorus are respectively improved by 13.79% and 22.72%, and the average content of 20 amino acids is improved by 21.06%.
In conclusion, the organic-inorganic-microbial fertilizer has the advantages of balanced nutrient distribution ratio, stable quality, difficult layering, pulverization, moisture absorption or agglomeration, storage resistance, synergistic effect, capability of losing weight, controlling pollution, improving quality, increasing yield and the like after being applied to different crops in different areas, simple and convenient preparation method and easy popularization.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blending fertilizer is prepared by mixing 0-85% of bio-organic fertilizer, 0-85% of soil conditioner and 0-85% of A component, wherein the carrier of compound microbial strains in the bio-organic fertilizer contains 3 components of humic acid, starch and phosphorus-containing carrier, the soil conditioner contains 5 components of medium trace elements of calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron and manganese, and the A component comprises 0-93.3% of urea, 0-93.3% of ammonium chloride, 0-93.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0-50% of monoammonium phosphate, 0-45% of diammonium phosphate, 0-91.3% of potassium chloride and 0-91.3% of potassium sulfate.
The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: humic acid, starch, 3 components of a phosphorus-containing carrier and a composite microbial strain are uniformly mixed according to a proportion, and are processed into the biological organic fertilizer containing organic substances and effective viable count after disc granulation, drying and dormancy, screening, cooling and high-amplification-efficiency domestication of the strain.
The drying dormancy temperature in the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer is 110 ℃, and the bio-organic fertilizer containing organic matters more than or equal to 40 percent, effective viable count more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, water less than or equal to 3 percent, particle strength more than or equal to 40N, specific gravity of 1.6-1.9 and particle diameter of 2.0-4.75mm is processed.
The screening of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium raw materials in the component A meets the following requirements: urea, N is more than or equal to 46 percent, water is less than or equal to 1 percent, the strength of the granules is more than or equal to 30N, the specific gravity is 0.7-0.8, and the diameter of the granules is 2.0-4.75 mm; ammonium chloride, wherein N is more than or equal to 25 percent, water is less than or equal to 3 percent, the particle strength is more than or equal to 60N, the specific gravity is 0.7-0.8, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; ammonium sulfate, N is more than or equal to 20 percent, water is less than or equal to 3 percent, the particle strength is more than or equal to 60N, the specific gravity is 0.8-0.9, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; monoammonium phosphate, N is more than or equal to 11 percent, P2O5More than or equal to 44 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 0.9-1.1 of specific gravity and 2.64-3.45mm of particle diameter; diammonium phosphate, N is more than or equal to 18 percent, P2O5More than or equal to 46 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 0.9-1.1 of specific gravity and 2.0-4.75mm of particle diameter; potassium chloride, K2O is more than or equal to 60 percent, water is less than or equal to 1 percent, the particle strength is more than or equal to 40N, the specific gravity is 1.0-1.1, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; potassium sulfate, K2SO4More than or equal to 50 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 1.1 to 1.2 of specific gravity and 2.0 to 4.75mm of particle diameter.
The soil conditioner screening meets the following requirements: CaO + MgO + SiO2+MnO+Fe2O3More than or equal to 40 percent, less than or equal to 3 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 1.1 to 1.2 of specific gravity and 2.0 to 4.75mm of particle diameter.
The preparation of the bulk fertilizer is as follows: weighing the biological organic fertilizer, the soil conditioner and the component A according to the formula proportion, conveying the particles into a mixer for uniform mixing, directly conveying the particles into a metering device for packaging after uniform mixing, and preparing the mixed granular fertilizer.
The content of organic matters in the soil is very low, but the organic matters have an important effect on the soil fertility, the soil organic matters provide nutrition for plants, contain a large amount of plant nutrient elements, and are released by the mineralization process for the plants to absorb and utilize; the absorption of other nutrient elements can be promoted, organic acid, humic acid and the like generated in the mineralization process of organic matters can dissolve certain soil minerals, and the activation of certain elements (such as phosphorus and iron) is facilitated; various functional groups contained in the organic matters can enhance the respiration of plants and promote the growth of the plants; the organic matter can improve the soil structure, promote the formation of granular structures, increase the soil porosity and improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and soil microorganisms participate in the whole process of the cyclic conversion of soil nutrients, such as a mineralization process, a humification process, a nitrogen fixation effect and the like. Rhizosphere microorganisms can regulate plant growth, rhizobia, mycorrhiza, fungi and other microorganisms capable of symbiotic with plants can directly provide mineral nutrient elements and various organic nutrients for the plants, and promote plant growth; the microorganisms can also degrade harmful substances in the soil and reduce the harm of residual toxicity. According to investigation, most of the soil in China has medium and trace element deficiency states of different degrees, and when plants lack any medium and trace element, growth and development are inhibited, so that the yield or the quality is reduced; when the trace elements are sufficient, the physiological functions of the plants are very vigorous, and the stress resistance can be enhanced.
The rice needs a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients and needs other necessary medium and trace elements, but with the frequent and large application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the rice planting, the trace elements in the soil are gradually and relatively lacked, so that the reasonable proportion of the medium and trace elements needs to be paid attention to during the fertilization, and meanwhile, the rice needs a large amount of silicon elements and the application of the silicon fertilizer needs to be paid attention to; the fertilizer requirement rule of the corn is that nitrogen fertilizer is the most, potassium element is the second, phosphorus absorption is less, the saline-alkali soil or phosphorus deficiency can cause the symptoms of slow and short growth of seedlings, poor root development, purplish red stems and leaves and the like, besides the requirement of major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is met, trace elements such as organic matters, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, calcium, magnesium, iron and the like are also added in a proper amount; the absorption peak of garlic to nitrogen and potassium is in the expansion period, the rapid transport period of nitrogen fertilizer is in the green turning period, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer base application is too little, the early growth is influenced, according to the fertilizer requirement rule of garlic and the double promotion requirements of the target yield and quality of garlic, the fertilizer operation in the whole growth period is integrated, phosphate fertilizer is adopted as the base fertilizer to be applied at one time, the nitrogen fertilizer base dressing ratio and the potassium fertilizer base dressing ratio are optimally combined with the fertilization mode, the requirements of the garlic on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the whole growth period are met, in addition, the garlic absorbs more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the requirements on calcium, magnesium and sulfur are relatively large, particularly, sulfur is applied, the weight gain of garlic and garlic shoots can be increased, deformed garlic shoots and cracked bulbs are reduced, and the important effect on the growth of garlic is achieved.
The application of organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blended fertilizer for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency selects three different crops (rice, corn and garlic), the special bulk blended fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics, and the influence of the bulk blended fertilizer prepared by the invention on the fertilizer reduction and the yield and quality of the crops is discussed by taking a composite (mixed) fertilizer as a reference through field experiments so as to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable fertilizer application of different crops.
Example 2
The invention relates to a formula of a bulk blending fertilizer special for rice and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps: 355kg of 46 percent urea, 146kg of 25 percent ammonium chloride, 182kg of 55 percent monoammonium phosphate, 167kg of 60 percent potassium chloride and 150kg of bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g) are measured, conveyed to a mixer to be uniformly mixed and then directly conveyed to a measuring device to be packaged to prepare a blended fertilizer with the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being more than or equal to 40 percent (22-8-10), the organic matter content being more than or equal to 6 percent and the number of effective viable bacteria being more than or equal to 300 ten thousand/g;
the application effect of the blended fertilizer of example 2 on rice: in 2018, in 5-9 months, a fertilizer comparison experiment was performed on rice (quan you 10) in the county of Changyang, Hubei, and the fertilizer to be tested was the bulk fertilizer of example 2 and a 45% (15-15-15) compound fertilizer (as a conventional control) purchased from the market: when soil preparation is carried out in the last ten days of 5 months, the tested fertilizers are respectively broadcast and applied, the dosage of the conventional contrast fertilizer is 35 kg/mu, the dosage of the blended fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and the treatment is repeated three times each time; the field management in the later period is all consistent and is carried out according to the conventional method; the average yield per mu of the paddy rice in the field to which the mixed fertilizer is applied is 576kg, and the average yield per mu of the paddy rice of the conventional control is 515 kg; compared with a control, the base fertilizer is reduced by 23.81%, the rice yield is increased by 11.84%, and the enrichment coefficients of heavy metal Cd and As in grains are respectively reduced by 29.77% and 33.46% (see table 1).
TABLE 1 comparison of base fertilizer application, rice yield and quality
Description of the drawings: the amount of the base fertilizer is compared with the increase and decrease of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in terms of pure nutrients, and the same is applied below.
Example 3
The invention relates to a preparation method of a special bulk blending fertilizer for corn, which comprises the following steps: 321kg of 46% urea, 309kg of 25% ammonium chloride, 167kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 133kg of 60% potassium chloride and 70kg of bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40% and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/gram) are measured, conveyed to a mixer to be uniformly mixed and then directly conveyed to a measuring device to be packaged, and the blended fertilizer with the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being more than or equal to 40% (25-7-8), the organic matter content being more than or equal to 2.8% and the number of effective viable bacteria being more than or equal to 140 million/gram is prepared.
Application effect of the bulk fertilizer of example 3 on corn: in 2019, in 6-10 months, a fertilizer comparison experiment is carried out on corn (Zhenghuang glutinous No. 2) in Gaoqing county (saline-alkali soil) of Zibo city in Shandong province, the tested fertilizer is the blended fertilizer of example 3 and 40 percent (29-4-7) compound fertilizer (conventional control) purchased in the market, each treatment is repeated three times, and when land preparation is carried out, the test fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting way, the dosage of the conventional reference fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, the dosage of the blended fertilizer is 40 kg/mu, the field management in the later period is all consistent and is performed according to the conventional way, the results show that the soil pH of the conventional reference fertilizer and the soil pH of the blended fertilizer are respectively 8.50 and 7.63, the organic matters are respectively 11.50g/kg and 12.59g/kg, the average yield per mu of corn is respectively 630kg and 750kg, the soil pH value is improved by applying the blended fertilizer, the organic matter content is increased, the base fertilizer application is reduced by 20%, and the yield is increased by 19.05% (see table 2).
TABLE 2 comparison table of base fertilizer dosage, corn yield, soil pH and organic matter content
Example 4
The invention relates to a preparation method of a special bulk blending fertilizer for garlic, which comprises the following steps: 265kg of 46% urea, 270kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 360kg of 50% potassium sulfate, 45kg of a biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40% and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g), and 60kg of a soil conditioner (calcium oxide is more than or equal to 30% and magnesium oxide is more than or equal to 15%) are measured, conveyed to a mixer for uniform mixing, and directly conveyed to a measuring device for packaging to prepare the blended fertilizer with the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of more than or equal to 45% (15-12-18), the organic matter content of more than or equal to 1.8%, the number of effective viable bacteria of more than or equal to 90 ten thousand/g, the calcium oxide of more than or equal to 1.8% and the magnesium oxide of more than or equal to 0.9%.
The application effect of the bulk fertilizer of example 4 on garlic is that a fertilizer comparison experiment is performed in 5 months in 2019-2020 in Jiangsu province, the fertilizer to be tested is the bulk fertilizer of the invention and 51% (17-17-17) sulfur-based compound fertilizer purchased in the market (used as a conventional control), the conventional control base fertilizer dosage is 100 kg/mu, the bulk fertilizer base fertilizer dosage of the invention is 80 kg/mu, the fertilizer to be tested is respectively applied in the whole land, each treatment is repeated for three times, the sowing amount of garlic (green plants in Jinan) per mu is 150kg, the later field management is all consistent and is performed conventionally, the average acre yield of garlic (dry garlic) applied in the control is 1720kg, the average acre yield of garlic treated by the bulk fertilizer of the invention is 2110kg, and the garlic yield is increased by 22.67%; compared with the conventional control fertilization, after the blended fertilizer is applied, the base fertilizer is reduced by 29.41 percent, the allicin content is improved by 13.79 percent, the phosphorus content is improved by 22.72 percent, and the average content of 20 amino acids is improved by 21.06 percent (see table 3).
TABLE 3 comparison table of base fertilizer dosage, garlic yield and quality
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blending fertilizer is characterized in that every 1000kg of the bulk blending fertilizer is formed by adding and mixing 0-85% of a bio-organic fertilizer, 0-85% of a soil conditioner and a component A, wherein a carrier of a compound microbial strain in the bio-organic fertilizer contains 3 components of humic acid, starch and a phosphorus-containing carrier, the soil conditioner contains 5 components of medium trace elements of calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron and manganese, and the component A comprises 0-93.3% of urea, 0-93.3% of ammonium chloride, 0-93.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0-50% of monoammonium phosphate, 0-45% of diammonium phosphate, 0-91.3% of potassium chloride and 0-91.3% of potassium sulfate.
2. The organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: humic acid, starch, 3 components of a phosphorus-containing carrier and a composite microbial strain are uniformly mixed according to a proportion, and are processed into the biological organic fertilizer containing organic substances and effective viable count after disc granulation, drying and dormancy, screening, cooling and high-amplification-efficiency domestication of the strain.
3. The organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer of claim 2, wherein the drying dormancy temperature in the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer is 110 ℃, and the bio-organic fertilizer is processed into the bio-organic fertilizer containing organic substances of more than or equal to 40%, effective viable count of more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, moisture of less than or equal to 3%, particle strength of more than or equal to 40N, specific gravity of 1.6-1.9 and particle diameter of 2.0-4.75 mm.
4. The organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the screening of the NPK raw material in the component A meets the following requirements: urea, N is more than or equal to 46 percent, water is less than or equal to 1 percent, the strength of the granules is more than or equal to 30N, the specific gravity is 0.7-0.8, and the diameter of the granules is 2.0-4.75 mm; ammonium chloride, wherein N is more than or equal to 25 percent, water is less than or equal to 3 percent, the particle strength is more than or equal to 60N, the specific gravity is 0.7-0.8, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; ammonium sulfate, N is more than or equal to 20 percent, water is less than or equal to 3 percent, and the particle strength is more than or equal to60N, the specific gravity is 0.8-0.9, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; monoammonium phosphate, N is more than or equal to 11 percent, P2O5More than or equal to 44 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 0.9-1.1 of specific gravity and 2.64-3.45mm of particle diameter; diammonium phosphate, N is more than or equal to 18 percent, P2O5More than or equal to 46 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 0.9-1.1 of specific gravity and 2.0-4.75mm of particle diameter; potassium chloride, K2O is more than or equal to 60 percent, water is less than or equal to 1 percent, the particle strength is more than or equal to 40N, the specific gravity is 1.0-1.1, and the particle diameter is 2.0-4.75 mm; potassium sulfate, K2SO4More than or equal to 50 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 1.1 to 1.2 of specific gravity and 2.0 to 4.75mm of particle diameter.
5. The organic, inorganic, microbial bulk blend fertilizer of claim 1, wherein said soil conditioner screen satisfies the following: CaO + MgO + SiO2+MnO+Fe2O3More than or equal to 40 percent, less than or equal to 3 percent of water, more than or equal to 40N of particle strength, 1.1 to 1.2 of specific gravity and 2.0 to 4.75mm of particle diameter.
6. An organic, inorganic, microbial blend fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said blend fertilizer is prepared by: weighing the biological organic fertilizer, the soil conditioner and the component A according to the formula proportion, conveying the particles into a mixer for uniform mixing, directly conveying the particles into a metering device for packaging after uniform mixing, and preparing the mixed granular fertilizer.
7. The application of the organic, inorganic and microbial bulk blend fertilizer for reducing the application and improving the efficiency is characterized in that the bulk blend fertilizer is applied to the planting of rice, corn and garlic, and is used for the formula and the preparation method of the bulk blend fertilizer for the rice, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 355kg of 46 percent urea, 146kg of 25 percent ammonium chloride, 182kg of 55 percent monoammonium phosphate, 167kg of 60 percent potassium chloride and 150kg of bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g) are measured, conveyed to a mixer to be uniformly mixed and then directly conveyed to a measuring device to be packaged, and the blended fertilizer with the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being more than or equal to 40 percent (22-8-10), the organic matter content being more than or equal to 6 percent and the number of effective viable bacteria being more than or equal to 300 million/g is prepared.
8. The use of an organic, inorganic, microbial blend fertilizer for reducing application potential and enhancing performance of a corn blend fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method for preparing the corn blend fertilizer comprises the steps of: 321kg of 46% urea, 309kg of 25% ammonium chloride, 167kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 133kg of 60% potassium chloride and 70kg of bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40% and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/gram) are measured, conveyed to a mixer to be uniformly mixed and then directly conveyed to a measuring device to be packaged, and the blended fertilizer with the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being more than or equal to 40% (25-7-8), the organic matter content being more than or equal to 2.8% and the number of effective viable bacteria being more than or equal to 140 million/gram is prepared.
9. The use of an organic, inorganic, microbial fertilizer blend for reducing application potential and enhancing efficacy of a fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein the method for preparing the fertilizer blend for garlic comprises the steps of: 265kg of 46% urea, 270kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 360kg of 50% potassium sulfate, 45kg of a biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40% and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/gram), and 60kg of a soil conditioner (calcium oxide is more than or equal to 30% and magnesium oxide is more than or equal to 15%) are measured, conveyed to a mixer for uniform mixing, and directly conveyed to a measuring device for packaging to prepare the blended fertilizer with the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of more than or equal to 45% (15-12-18), the organic matter content of more than or equal to 1.8%, the number of effective viable bacteria of more than or equal to 90 ten thousand/gram, the calcium oxide of more than or equal to 1.8% and the magnesium oxide of more than or equal to 0.9%.
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