CN114177306A - 一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体及抗肿瘤活性评价 - Google Patents
一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体及抗肿瘤活性评价 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114177306A CN114177306A CN202110810343.4A CN202110810343A CN114177306A CN 114177306 A CN114177306 A CN 114177306A CN 202110810343 A CN202110810343 A CN 202110810343A CN 114177306 A CN114177306 A CN 114177306A
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Abstract
本发明是一种iNGR/R9双重功能肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,结构包括盐酸阿霉素脂质体、肿瘤靶向肽iNGR和细胞穿膜肽R9三部分,采用迈克尔加成反应合成了iNGR或R9偶连的PEG‑DSPE功能性支链,采用薄膜分散法‑硫酸铵梯度法制备iNGR/R9双重修饰的盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体,具有更好的缓释能力与靶向能力,增加了盐酸阿霉素高效进入肿瘤组织细胞并加强了对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制能力。iNGR/R9双重功能肽修饰的阿霉素主动靶向脂质体具有更好的主动靶向性,能有效的降低盐酸阿霉素对正常组织和细胞造成的毒性伤害,降低副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗肿瘤靶向纳米药物制剂领域,具体是一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体及抗肿瘤活性评价。
背景技术
脂质体有细胞亲和性与组织相容性,并可长时间吸附于靶细胞周围,使药物能充分向靶组织渗透,脂质体也可通过融合进入细胞内,经溶酶体消化后使药物释放于细胞内;更重要的是脂质体提高了药物的器官靶向性,能够有效地达到减毒增效的作用。靶向制剂能将药物最大限度地输送至并选择性浓集于靶器官、靶组织、靶细胞的给药系统,可达到低毒高效的治疗效果,被认为是抗肿瘤的理想剂型。盐酸阿霉素又名多柔比星,是临床常用的蒽环类广谱抗肿瘤药,抗瘤谱广、疗效好,具有强效的抗癌活性,但临床应用毒副作用大,对正常组织和器官产生严重损伤。主要的毒性反应有:白细胞和血小板减少;100%的病人有不同程度的毛发脱落;恶心、食欲减退;心脏损害、骨髓抑制、体重下降等,治疗指数低,临床作用受到限制。虽然通过减少累积给药剂量可以一定程度上缓解阿霉素类抗肿瘤药物的心脏毒性,但同时会降低对肿瘤的控制效果。
CPPs为细胞穿膜肽,也叫蛋白传导域,但由于其缺乏对肿瘤部位的选择性和靶向性,需要进一步进行修饰增加导向性。肿瘤靶向肽(THPs)对受体过表达的靶向细胞系表现出高特异性和强亲和性。但THPs不具备组织穿透功能,主要通过强亲和性以扩散或内吞方式进入组织及细胞。美国学者Ruoslahti E首先提出了一种能穿透肿瘤组织的THPs,叫iRGD、iNGR,来介导纳米粒子系统及荧光物质的靶向递送,用于肿瘤的成像。
本发明利用具有组织穿透性的肿瘤靶向穿透肽iNGR和细胞穿膜肽九聚精氨酸R9共修饰的脂质体为模型,构建iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体药物,以解决现有技术的阿霉素应用过程中存在的毒副作用大,对正常组织和器官产生严重损伤的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体及抗肿瘤活性评价,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,结构包括盐酸阿霉素脂质体、肿瘤靶向肽iNGR和细胞穿膜肽R9三部分,采用迈克尔加成反应合成iNGR或R9偶联的PEG-DSPE功能性支链,采用薄膜分散法-硫酸铵梯度法制备iNGR/R9双重修饰的盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体,制备方法:
a.按质量比取磷脂:胆固醇:DSPE-PEG2000-iNGR(或DSPE-PEG2000-R9)=20:5:1溶于氯仿中,在45℃下用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸馏40min,形成脂膜;加入300mM硫酸铵,水浴超声水化30min,以形成脂质体;用小型的脂质体挤出机过孔径100nm聚碳酸脂膜挤出20次以控制粒径,即可制得iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的空白脂质体,密封置于4℃保存备用;
b.将iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的空白脂质体过葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱:预先用含有150mMNaCl的20mM Hepes(HBS,pH=7.4)作为洗脱液置换脂质体外部的硫酸铵,使脂质体内外产生硫酸铵梯度及pH梯度;
c.按照药脂比(质量比)为1:20精密称取盐酸阿霉素和过柱后的空白脂质体、混匀,置于50℃恒温水浴锅孵育60min,即可得到iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体。
本发明还包括作为盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体修饰物的肿瘤靶向穿透肽iNGR的制备方法为:由iNGR和DSPE-PEG2000-MAL使用一步合成法合成:DSPE-PEG2000-MAL与C-iNGR以摩尔比1:1混合溶于Hepes缓冲液中,反应液在4℃及氮气保护下温和搅拌24小时,反应过程中要避光;将所得到的反应液置于透析袋在水中透析48h,每2h换一次水,之后将反应液于冷冻干燥机中预冻24h,同时顶部扎有小孔,再抽干48h即可。
优选的,所述Hepes缓冲液的参数为:pH=7.2,20mM Hepes,并经过超声30min除氧处理。
本发明还包括作为盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体修饰物的细胞穿透肽R9的制备方法为:由C-R9和DSPE-PEG2000-MAL使用一步合成法合成:DSPE-PEG2000-MAL与C-R9以摩尔比1:1混合,溶于Hepes缓冲液中;反应液在4℃及氮气保护下温和搅拌24小时,反应过程中要避光;将所得到的反应液置于透析袋在去离子水中透析48小时,每2h换一次水,以除去游离C-R9;反应完成之后透析并冻干即得。
优选的,所述Hepes缓冲液的参数为:pH=7.2,20mM Hepes,并经过超声30min脱氧,N2流除氧40min处理。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明制备iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,与现有的普通脂质体、单独R9修饰的脂质体及单独iNGR修饰的脂质体进行比较,具有更好的缓释能力,增强了盐酸阿霉素高效进入肿瘤组织细胞并抑制肿瘤细胞生长的能力,同时iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素主动靶向脂质体具有更好的主动靶向性和生物膜屏障穿透效应,能有效的降低盐酸阿霉素对正常组织和细胞造成的毒性伤害,降低副作用。
2.本发明通过对iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体对HT-1080细胞的抗增殖作用试验研究,证明iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体对肿瘤细胞具有更强的杀伤力。
3.本发明通过定量摄取试验证明iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体更容易被HT-1080肿瘤细胞识别;同时激光共聚焦实验结果证明iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体能高效进入肿瘤细胞到达肿瘤更深部位,更高效的抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。
4.通过体内抗肿瘤活性实验研究,肿瘤小鼠模型应用iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体作为抗肿瘤药物后的,肿瘤模型小鼠的体重变化小,且体内肿瘤的体积无增长,说明iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体的药效稳定,具有明显的抗肿瘤活性,具有靶向性,能显著降低阿霉素的毒副作用。
附图说明
图1为iNGR/R9双重功能肽修饰的盐酸阿霉素脂质体的结构示意图;
图2为脂质体体外释药速率检测结果;
图3为不同阿霉素剂型对HT-1080细胞的抗增殖活性的对比;
图4为空白对照组和不同阿霉素剂型组进入肿瘤细胞的断层显微镜扫描图像,成像顺序从左到右为肿瘤细胞的中心到肿瘤细胞边缘;
图5为空白对照组和不同阿霉素剂型组对肿瘤动物模型静脉给药后的相对肿瘤体积变化曲线;
图6为空白对照组和不同阿霉素剂型组对肿瘤动物模型静脉给药后的体重变化曲线;
图7为DSPE-PEG2000-R9的质谱图;
图8为DSPE-PEG2000-iNGR的质谱图;
图9为用Nano ZS90型粒度仪在25℃下测定粒径分布图;
图10为游离DOX组、共修饰脂质体组、4℃处理的共修饰脂质体组及预加各种抑制剂的共修饰脂质体组在HT-1080细胞中的荧光吸收情况;
其中附图2、附图3、附图5和附图6中:free DOX为游离阿霉素,LP-DOX为无修饰的阿霉素脂质体,R9-LP-DOX为R9修饰的阿霉素脂质体,iNGR-LP-DOX为iNGR修饰的阿霉素脂质体,iNGR/R9-LP-DOX为iNGR/R共肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体;附图5和附图6中Physiological saline为生理盐水组;图4中a为对照组;b为DOX组;c为普通脂质体;d为R9修饰脂质体组;e为iNGR修饰脂质体;f为iNGR/R9共修饰脂质体组,从左至右为从细胞中心到细胞边缘的断层扫描,灰色为阿霉素荧光。
具体实施方式
以下的实施例便于更好的理解本发明,但并不限定本发明。下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为自常规生化试剂商店购买得到的。以下实施例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复试验,结果取平均值。
一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,结构包括盐酸阿霉素脂质体、肿瘤靶向肽iNGR和细胞穿透肽R9三部分,结构示意图见图1。采用迈克尔加成反应合成iNGR或R9偶联的PEG-DSPE功能性支链,采用薄膜分散法-硫酸铵梯度法制备了iNGR/R9双重修饰的盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体,制备方法:
a.按质量比取磷脂:胆固醇:PEG-PEG2000-iNGR:DSPE-PEG2000-R9)=20:5:1:1溶于氯仿中,在45℃下用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸馏40min,形成脂膜;加入300mM硫酸铵,水浴超声水化30min,以形成脂质体;用小型的脂质体挤出机过孔径100nm聚碳酸脂膜挤出20次以控制粒径,即可制得iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的空白脂质体,密封置于4℃保存备用;
b.将iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的空白脂质体过葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱:预先用含有150mMNaCl的20mM Hepes(HBS,pH=7.4)作为洗脱液置换脂质体外部的硫酸铵,使脂质体内外产生硫酸铵梯度及pH梯度;
c.按照药脂比(质量比)为1:20精密称取盐酸阿霉素和过柱后的空白脂质体、混匀,置于50℃恒温水浴锅孵育60min,即可得到iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体。
本发明还包括作为盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体修饰物的肿瘤靶向肽iNGR的制备方法为:由iNGR和DSPE-PEG2000-MAL使用一步合成法合成:DSPE-PEG2000-MAL与C-iNGR以摩尔比1:1混合溶于经过超声30min除氧处理的Hepes缓冲液(pH=7.2,20mM Hepes)中,反应液在4℃及氮气保护下温和搅拌24小时,反应过程中要避光;将所得到的反应液置于透析袋在水中透析48h,每2h换一次水,之后将反应液于冷冻干燥机中预冻24h,同时顶部扎有小孔,再抽干48h即可。
本发明还包括作为盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体修饰物的细胞穿透肽R9的制备方法为:由CR9和DSPE-PEG2000-MAL使用一步合成法合成:DSPE-PEG2000-MAL与C-R9以摩尔比1:1混合,溶于经过超声30min脱氧,N2流除氧40min处理的Hepes缓冲液(pH=7.2,20mM Hepes)中;反应液在4℃及氮气保护下温和搅拌24小时,反应过程中要避光;将所得到的反应液置于透析袋在去离子水中透析48小时,每2h换一次水,以除去游离C-R9;反应完成之后透析并冻干即得。
如图2所示,本发明采用透析袋法对制备的iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体(iNGR/R9-LP-DOX)体外释放情况进行考察,并与游离阿霉素(free DOX)、无修饰的阿霉素脂质体(LP-DOX)、R9修饰的阿霉素脂质体(R9-LP-DOX)及iNGR修饰的阿霉素脂质体(iNGR-LP-DOX)进行比较,具有更好的缓释能力。
如图3所示,本发明采用MTT法分析iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体对HT-1080细胞的抗增殖作用,其检测原理为活细胞线粒体中的琥珀酸脱氢酶能使外源性MTT还原为水不溶性的蓝紫色甲瓒结晶(Formazan)并沉积在细胞中,而死细胞无此功能。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)能溶解细胞中的甲瓒,用酶联免疫检测仪在490nm处测定其光吸收值(OD值),可间接反映活细胞数量。在一定细胞数范围内,MTT结晶形成的量与细胞数成正比。检测结果显示:iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体组的HT-1080肿瘤细胞细胞存活率最低,有更好的主动靶向作用,抗肿瘤增殖效果更为显著。
本发明通过流式细胞术分析方法研究肿瘤细胞对iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体的摄取效率,显示肿瘤细胞对iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体的摄取效率更高,证明本发明更容易被HT-1080肿瘤细胞识别。
本发明利用激光共聚焦研究iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体进入肿瘤细胞的情况,实验原理为:采用Hoechst 33258染细胞核呈和DOX类化合物不同的荧光,通过激光共聚焦显微镜对肿瘤细胞从中心到边缘进行断层扫描,分析上述剂型进入细胞的情况。实验结果证明iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体能高效进入肿瘤细胞,并到达肿瘤更深部位、具有更强的抑制肿瘤细胞的生长能力,检测结果如图4所示。
本发明利用裸鼠建立肿瘤活体模型:腋下接种HT-1080细胞悬液,0.2ml/只裸鼠,细胞悬液密度为2×106。给药方案:当肿瘤体积约为50mm3时,开始分组尾静脉给药。给药量为0.2mL/只。分组情况:生理盐水组(Physiological saline)、普通脂质体组(LP-DOX)、R9修饰脂质体组(R9-LP-DOX)、iNGR修饰脂质体组(iNGR-LP-DOX)和双重修饰脂质体组(iNGR/R9-LP-DOX)。HT-1080肿瘤裸鼠给药后隔天记录一次体重及肿瘤大小,直至全部处死。通过使用游标卡尺测量肿瘤的长短径,根据公式肿瘤体积(V)=(π/6)×长径×短径2进行计算。试验结果如图5和图6所示,iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体具有明显的抗肿瘤活性,具有靶向性,药效比对照组药物效果稳定,且能显著降低阿霉素的毒副作用。
实施例1:细胞穿透肽R9偶连的PEG-DSPE(DSPE-PEG2000-R9)的制备
DSPE-PEG2000-R9由C-R9和DSPE-PEG2000-MAL使用一步合成法合成。DSPE-PEG2000-MAL与C-R9以摩尔比1:1混合(C-R9:DSPE-PEG2000-MAL=1:1)溶于超声30min除氧的Hepes缓冲液中(pH=7.2,20mM Hepes)。反应液在4℃及氮气保护下温和搅拌24小时,反应过程中要避光。之后将所得到的反应液置于透析袋(截留分子量=2000Da)在去离子水中透析48小时,每2h换一次水,以除去游离C-R9。反应完成之后透析并冻干,-20℃密封保存备用。产物采用飞行质谱检测,结果如图7所示其分子量集中在4509.21,根据反应原理,表明本功能性支链合成成功。
实施例2:肿瘤靶向肽iNGR偶连的PEG-DSPE(DSPE-PEG2000-iNGR)的制备
DSPE-PEG2000-iNGR由C-iNGR和DSPE-PEG2000-MAL使用一步合成法合成。DSPE-PEG2000-MAL与C-iNGR以摩尔比1:1混合溶于超声30min脱氧,N2流除氧40min的Hepes缓冲液中(pH=7.2,20mM Hepes)。反应液在4℃及氮气保护下温和搅拌24小时,反应过程中要避光。将所得到的反应液置于透析袋(截留分子量=2000Da)在水中透析48h,每2h换一次水。之后将反应液于冷冻干燥机中预冻24h,同时顶部扎有小孔,再抽干48h即可。产物采用飞行质谱检测,结果如图8所示其分子量集中在4026.67,根据反应原理,表明本功能性支链合成成功。
实施例3:iNGR/R9双重修饰的盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体制备
1.iNGR/R9双重修饰空白脂质体的制备:
精密称取磷脂、胆固醇、DSPE-PEG2000-R9和DSPE-PEG2000-iNGR(质量比20:5:1:1)溶于10ml氯仿中,在45℃下用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸馏40min,形成脂膜,然后加入2ml 300mM(NH4)2SO4,水浴超声水化30min,以形成脂质体,再用小型的脂质体挤出机(Avestin,加拿大)过孔径100nm聚碳酸脂膜(WHATMAN,美国)挤出20次以控制粒径,即可制得_iNGR/R9双重修饰空白脂质体。
1.将制备的iNGR/R9共修饰脂质体过葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱。预先用含有150mM NaCl的20mM Hepes(HBS,pH=7.4)作为洗脱液置换脂质体外部的(NH4)2SO4,使脂质体内外产生(NH4)2SO4梯度及pH梯度。按照药脂比(质量比)为1:20精密称取相应量的盐酸阿霉素(DOX)与过柱后的空白脂质体混匀(必须溶解),置于50℃恒温水浴锅孵育60min,即可得到载有盐酸阿霉素的iNGR/R9双重修饰脂质体(iNGR/R9-LP-DOX)。
2.载药脂质体的体外表征考察:取1ml制备的载药脂质体,用Nano ZS90型粒度仪(马尔文,英国)在25℃下测定粒径及zeta电位。结果表明,所制备的脂质体重现性好,脂质体粒径、PDI及zeta电位相差都较小。iNGR/R9共修饰阿霉素脂质体粒径检测结果如图9所示。
载有盐酸阿霉素(DOX)的iNGR/R9双重修饰脂质体(iNGR/R9-LP-DOX)包封率的考察:取1ml 50℃孵育60min的脂质体溶液置于葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱中,以Hepes 7.4为洗脱液洗脱,按洗脱曲线分别获得载药脂质体和游离DOX部分。取0.2ml载药脂质体加入1.6ml蒸馏水,用10%曲拉通X-100破乳定容,用荧光光度计分别测定载药脂质体及游离DOX的荧光强度并计算包封率。包封率计算公式:包封率%=脂质体中药物的浓度/(脂质体中药物的浓度+游离药物的浓度)×100%。结果表明,所制备的双重修饰阿霉素脂质体包封率达到97%以上。
载药脂质体的体外表征参数考察结果见下表:
3.载药脂质体中盐酸阿霉素(DOX)的体外释放情况考察:采用透析袋法对载药脂质体中DOX的体外释放进行考察(释放介质为PBS,pH7.4)。分别取普通脂质体(LP-DOX)、R9修饰脂质体(R9-LP-DOX)、iNGR修饰脂质体(iNGR-LP-DOX)、双重修饰阿霉素脂质体(iNGR/R9-LP-DOX)1ml置于透析袋中(截留分子量为3500Da),两头用夹子夹紧,将透析袋浸渍于50ml释放介质中,在37℃下于IKA型数显加热磁力搅拌器(IKA,德国)中恒温温和搅拌24h,取样时间间隔为加样后0.5h、1h、2h、4h、8h、12h及24h,每个取样点取样3ml,并及时补充3ml新鲜等温的释放介质。使用荧光光度计在激发和发射波长分别为470nm与590nm处测定样本荧光强度,绘制其相应的体外释放曲线。结果表明游离阿霉素在8h已完全释放,而双重修饰阿霉素脂质体组24h内释放约50%,表明阿霉素脂质体经过iNGR/R9修饰后,具有更好的缓释能力。结果如图2所示。
实施例4 MTT法测定iNGR/R9双重修饰阿霉素脂质体的肿瘤抗增殖活性,具体步骤为:HT-1080细胞培养至对数生长期后,接种96孔板,细胞密度为1×104个/孔,外周均加入等量的PBS(0.1M,pH 7.4)来保持水汽蒸发的平衡,在细胞培养箱(37℃,5%CO2)中贴壁孵育24h。配制加样的样品溶液,浓度分别为250、150、100、50、20、10、5、1μg/ml,每个浓度均有6个复孔。
待细胞贴壁后,将配制好的DOX液、普通载药脂质体溶液、R9修饰载药脂质体溶液、iNGR修饰载药脂质体溶液和iNGR/R9共修饰载药脂质体溶液加入,每孔20μl并继续孵育24h,样品实际浓度范围在0.1-25μg/ml之间。孵育完成后,加入MTT溶液(浓度为5.0mg/ml),每孔20μl,继续孵育4h。待生成黑紫色结晶后,小心将上清液弃去,每孔加入200μl DMSO,在微量振荡器中室温下振摇10min使生成的结晶慢慢溶解。在酶标仪中490nm处测吸光度(OD值)。抗增值活性以细胞活力来表示,计算公式:细胞活力(Cell viability)=(A-B)/A×100%,其中A为细胞单独与培养基孵育的OD值,B为细胞与样品孵育的OD值。试验结果如图3所示,图3显示了在490nm处不同阿霉素剂型药物的抗肿瘤活性,当浓度达到25μg/ml时,三者对HT-1080细胞的存活率分别为34.81%、47.94%、21.18%和32.60%、29.93%、18.22%,尤以iNGR/R9共修饰脂质体组对细胞的效果比单独修饰组更为明显,表明了共修饰脂质体对肿瘤细胞具有更强的杀伤力,同时,实验结果表明,在实验浓度范围(0.1-25μg/ml)内,普通脂质体组对HT-1080细胞的抗增殖能力变化不是很明显,这表明普通脂质体本身缺乏主动靶向作用,而多肽修饰的脂质体对肿瘤细胞的具有更好的主动靶向作用,也说明了靶向脂质体制剂在癌症治疗方面具有优良的应用前景。
实施例5流式细胞术分析分为不加抑制剂组和预加抑制剂组
不加抑制剂组:HT-1080细胞培养至对数生长期后,接种6孔板,细胞密度为2×105个/孔,于细胞培养箱(37℃,5%CO2)中贴壁孵育24h。待细胞贴壁后,弃去培养基,6孔板内加入用完全培养基配制的各组药物溶液2ml/孔(浓度为2.5μg/ml),继续孵育24h。孵育时间结束后,弃去上清培养液,用PBS(0.1M,pH 7.4)润洗细胞1次。加入0.25%的胰酶溶液1ml在37℃下消化3-5min,待细胞分离后,适量血清终止消化,800rpm离心5min,再重新分散到0.5ml PBS中,吹打分散均匀。通过300目的细胞筛过滤至流式管中来获得单细胞悬液,并进行流式细胞术分析。DOX使用氩激光器在波长488nm处进行激光,荧光检测在波长588nm处。收集的细胞数不低于5000个,使用流式分析的软件进行定量分析。在HT-1080细胞内iNGR/R9-LP-DOX组的DOX荧光强度比R9-LP-DOX组和iNGR-LP-DOX组强,表明共修饰脂质体组进入细胞内或与细胞结合的DOX的量增加。
预加抑制剂组:HT-1080细胞培养至对数生长期后,接种6孔板,细胞密度为2×105个/孔,于细胞培养箱(37℃,5%CO2)中贴壁孵育24h。待细胞贴壁后,预加抑制剂(氯喹、氯丙嗪、阿米洛利、肝素)组弃去培养基,用PBS(0.1M,pH 7.4)润洗细胞1次,分别加相应抑制剂溶液1ml,孵育30min;4℃组用PBS润洗后,放入冰箱4℃冷却30min;其他组不处理。待预处理结束后,除空白组和4℃组外全部弃去上清,用PBS润洗细胞1次,脂质体组分别加入用空白培养基配制的共修饰脂质体阿霉素溶液1ml/孔(浓度为50μg/ml),阿霉素组加入用空白培养基配制的游离阿霉素溶液2ml/孔(浓度为25μg/ml),空白组不做处理,继续孵育6h。孵育结束后,全部弃去上清培养液,用PBS润洗细胞1次。加入0.25%的胰酶溶液1ml在37℃下消化3-5min,待细胞分离后,适量血清终止消化,800rpm离心5min,再重新分散到0.5ml PBS中,吹打分散均匀。通过300目的细胞筛过滤至流式管中来获得单细胞悬液,并进行流式细胞术分析。DOX使用氩激光器在波长488nm处进行激光,荧光检测在波长588nm处。收集的细胞数不低于5000个,使用流式分析的软件进行定量分析。实验结果如图10所示:预加抑制剂组对细胞内的DOX荧光强度减弱,表明进入肿瘤细胞或与肿瘤细胞结合的DOX量减少,因此内吞作用阻断剂对药物进入肿瘤细胞具有一定的抑制作用。该实验表明,iNGR/R9共修饰阿霉素脂质体以内吞形式进入肿瘤细胞。
实施例6激光共聚焦显微镜研究
HT-1080细胞培养至对数生长期后,接种至玻底小皿中,贴壁24h后,小皿内加入用完全培养基稀释各样品溶液,浓度为2.5μg/ml。样品在37℃下孵育24h。孵育时间结束后,吸取并弃去培养基,用PBS(0.1M,pH 7.4)润洗细胞3遍,加入组织细胞固定液(4%多聚甲醛溶液)1ml,避光固定10min,弃去组织固定液再加入Hoechst 33258细胞核染色液染色15min,染色结束后,用PBS润洗2遍。用激光共聚焦显微镜进行细胞吸收和定位观察,实验结果如图4所示:iNGR/R9-LP-DOX组中HT-1080细胞呈现较强荧光(见图中灰色),iNGR-LP-DOX组和R9-LP-DOX组的荧光(见图中灰色)相对较弱,在共修饰脂质体组肿瘤细胞摄取的含脂质体的物质越多,即该物质穿透肿瘤细胞的能力越强。iNGR/R9-LP-DOX组在HT-1080细胞中心到边缘的断层的荧光强度(见图中灰色)显著强于其他组,表明iNGR/R9-LP-DOX组能穿透肿瘤细胞表面达到肿瘤更深部位,同时,也证明了共修饰脂质体能增强DOX高效进入肿瘤细胞并抑制肿瘤细胞的生长能力。
实施例7动物体内抗肿瘤活性的研究
建立动物肿瘤模型:BALB/C-nu/nu裸鼠(雌性,6-8周龄),在SPF(无特定病原体)级饲养一周以适应环境。耳朵打孔标记以便后续记录,腋下接种HT-1080细胞悬液,0.2ml/只裸鼠,细胞悬液密度为2×106。
当肿瘤体积约为50mm3时,开始分组尾静脉给药。给药量为0.2mL/只。分组情况:生理盐水组(Physiological saline)、普通脂质体组(LP-DOX)、R9修饰脂质体组(R9-LP-DOX)、iNGR修饰脂质体组(iNGR-LP-DOX)和共修饰脂质体组(iNGR/R9-LP-DOX)。给药剂量:1mg/kg动物体重。给药频率:每3天给药一次,共给药3次。
HT-1080肿瘤裸鼠给药后隔天记录一次体重及肿瘤大小,直至全部处死。通过使用游标卡尺测量肿瘤的长短径,根据公式肿瘤体积(V)=(π/6)×长径×短径2进行计算。
绘制肿瘤生长曲线,如图5所示:横坐标为时间,纵坐标为肿瘤体积,结果显示,iNGR/R9-LP-DOX组治疗的实验组肿瘤体积无明显增长,显示出明显的肿瘤生长抑制现象,且时间延长,iNGR/R9-LP-DOX组治疗的实验组肿瘤体积有变小趋势。
绘制动物体重变化曲线,如图6所示:横坐标为时间,纵坐标为模型动物体重,结果显示:对照实验组的模型动物体重变化明显,而iNGR/R9-LP-DOX组的动物体重变化趋于平稳,因此说明iNGR/R9-LP-DOX组的药效更为稳定。
Claims (5)
1.一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,其特征在于,结构包括盐酸阿霉素脂质体、肿瘤靶向肽iNGR和细胞穿膜肽R9三部分,采用迈克尔加成反应合成iNGR/R9偶联的PEG-DSPE功能性支链,采用薄膜分散法-硫酸铵梯度法制备iNGR/R9双重功能肽修饰的盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体,制备方法:
a.按质量比取磷脂:胆固醇:DSPE-PEG2000-iNGR(或DSPE-PEG2000-R9)=20:5:1溶于氯仿中,在45℃下用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸馏40min,形成脂膜;加入300mM硫酸铵,水浴超声水化30min,以形成脂质体;用小型的脂质体挤出机过孔径100nm聚碳酸脂膜挤出20次以控制粒径,即可制得iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的空白脂质体,密封置于4℃保存备用;
b.将R9/iNGR双重肽修饰的空白脂质体过葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱:预先用含有150mM NaCl的20mM Hepes(HBS,pH=7.4)作为洗脱液置换脂质体外部的硫酸铵,使脂质体内外产生硫酸铵梯度及pH梯度;
c.按照药脂比(质量比)为1:20精密称取盐酸阿霉素和过柱后的空白脂质体、混匀,置于50℃恒温水浴锅孵育60min,即可得到iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的盐酸阿霉素靶向脂质体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种iNGR/R9双重肽修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,其特征在于,所述的肿瘤靶向肽iNGR的制备方法为:由iNGR和DSPE-PEG2000-MAL使用一步合成法合成:DSPE-PEG2000-MAL与半胱氨酸修饰的iNGR(C-iNGR)以摩尔比1:1混合溶于Hepes缓冲液中,反应液在4℃及氮气保护下温和搅拌24小时,反应过程中要避光;将所得到的反应液置于透析袋在水中透析48h,每2h换一次水,之后将反应液于冷冻干燥机中预冻24h,同时顶部扎有小孔,再抽干48h即可。
3.根据权利要求2中所述的一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,其特征在于,所述Hepes缓冲液的参数为:pH=7.2,20mM Hepes,并经过超声30min除氧处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,其特征在于,
所述细胞穿透肽R9的制备方法为:由半胱氨酸修饰的R9(C-R9)和DSPE-PEG2000-MAL使用一步合成法合成:DSPE-PEG2000-MAL与C-R9以摩尔比1:1混合,溶于Hepes缓冲液中;反应液在4℃及氮气保护下温和搅拌24小时,反应过程中要避光;将所得到的反应液置于透析袋在去离子水中透析48小时,每2h换一次水,以除去游离C-R9;反应完成之后透析并冻干即得。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种iNGR/R9双重修饰的阿霉素靶向脂质体,其特征在于,所述Hepes缓冲液的参数为:pH=7.2,20mM Hepes,并经过超声30min脱氧,N2流除氧40min处理。
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