CN114174370A - 用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物 - Google Patents
用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114174370A CN114174370A CN202080056461.4A CN202080056461A CN114174370A CN 114174370 A CN114174370 A CN 114174370A CN 202080056461 A CN202080056461 A CN 202080056461A CN 114174370 A CN114174370 A CN 114174370A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyurethane foam
- polyol
- composition
- polycaprolactone
- polyisocyanate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)Cl FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 5
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 5
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylethanolamine Chemical compound CNCCO OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C/C(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CC(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-butanetriol Chemical compound OCCC(O)CO ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN=C=O FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CCl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical group NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PMHXGHYANBXRSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-ylethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN1CCOCC1 PMHXGHYANBXRSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)CCl)OC(C)CCl KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-Hexanetriol Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940083957 1,2-butanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MTZUIIAIAKMWLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O MTZUIIAIAKMWLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXHZWRZAWJVPIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanatonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N=C=O)C(N=C=O)=CC=C21 ZXHZWRZAWJVPIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940043375 1,5-pentanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- NCXUNZWLEYGQAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN(C)C NCXUNZWLEYGQAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SDQROPCSKIYYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloctane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CCCCCCO SDQROPCSKIYYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CO QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZQMJOOSLXFQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3,5-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN1CN(CCCN(C)C)CN(CCCN(C)C)C1 FZQMJOOSLXFQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXKMWFFBWDHDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chemical compound C1CN2C(C)CN1CC2 QXKMWFFBWDHDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
[问题]提供用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物,由该组合物可获得对被粘物,特别是无机材料如金属和烯烃系树脂材料如聚乙烯和聚丙烯具有优异粘着性的聚氨酯泡沫。[解决手段]提供用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物,其包含多元醇和多异氰酸酯,其中所述多元醇包含至少两种多元醇化合物并且所述至少两种多元醇化合物中的一种是聚己内酯,其中所述组合物不包含1,1‑二氯‑1‑氟乙烷。
Description
发明背景。
发明领域
本发明涉及用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物。
背景技术
硬质聚氨酯泡沫由于其良好的绝热性质,已被用作用于建筑材料、冷藏库、浴缸、管道等的绝热材料。当硬质聚氨酯泡沫用于例如房屋或建筑物的建筑材料的绝热材料时,硬质聚氨酯泡沫通过包括在发泡剂、催化剂和根据需要的其它助剂的存在下,将主要含有多元醇的组分与主要含有多异氰酸酯的组分混合,并借助喷涂机(spraying machine)等将混合物喷涂到房屋或建筑物的施工现场处的目标位置(例如墙壁表面或天花板)上,并使混合物发泡和固化的方法来制造。
提出了仅使用水作为发泡剂制造聚氨酯泡沫的方法。然而,由于作为发泡剂的水与异氰酸酯基团之间的发泡反应活性通常较低,因此所得的聚氨酯泡沫对被粘物的粘着性有时会降低。另外,当HCFO (氢氯氟烯烃)、HFO (氢氟烯烃)等用作发泡剂时,有时会因聚氨酯泡沫的收缩(尺寸稳定性的损害)而损害对被粘物的粘着性。尤其是在聚氨酯泡沫和面材一体成型并且聚氨酯泡沫与面材之间的粘着性低的情况下,聚氨酯泡沫有时与被粘物面分离。
专利文献1报道了1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷作为常规使用的发泡剂的替代物。然而,当使用1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷时,存在较低温度下的尺寸稳定性和压缩强度显著劣化的问题。
对于上述粘着性问题,专利文献2例如公开了使用含有胺化合物和特定咪唑化合物的催化剂来制造聚氨酯作为改善粘着性等的方法,即使在水用作发泡剂时也是如此。另外,专利文献3提出了使用红磷作为阻燃剂以便改善聚氨酯泡沫对钢基材的粘着性。专利文献4进一步提出了使用特定的微胶囊作为发泡剂以便改善对被粘物的粘着性。
[专利文献]
[专利文献1] JPH3-86735A
[专利文献2] JP2009-215386A
[专利文献3] JP2018-80328A
[专利文献4] JP2008-133395A。
发明内容
[本发明要解决的问题]
尽管上述专利文献2至4中提出的方法改善了对特定被粘物的粘附性,但是对包含烯烃系树脂材料如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的被粘物的粘附性仍然低;并且没有获得对此类材料具有优异粘附性的聚氨酯泡沫。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物,由该组合物可获得对被粘物,特别是无机材料如金属或烯烃系树脂材料如聚乙烯和聚丙烯具有优异粘着性的聚氨酯泡沫。
[解决问题的手段]
根据本发明,提供以下内容:
(1)用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物,其包含多元醇和多异氰酸酯,其中所述多元醇包含至少两种多元醇化合物并且所述至少两种多元醇化合物中的一种是聚己内酯,其中
所述组合物不包含1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷。
(2)根据(1)所述的组合物,其中所述聚己内酯具有2至8的官能数。
(3)根据(1)或(2)所述的组合物,其中所述聚己内酯具有115至1500的数均分子量。
(4)根据(1)至(3)中任一项所述的组合物,其中基于所述多元醇的总量计,所述聚己内酯占0.1至30重量%。
(5)聚氨酯泡沫,其由根据(1)至(4)中任一项所述的组合物形成。
(6)绝热材料,其包含根据(5)的所述聚氨酯泡沫。
[发明效果]
根据本发明,可以提供用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物,由该组合物获得对被粘物,特别是无机材料如金属或烯烃系树脂材料如聚乙烯和聚丙烯具有优异粘着性的聚氨酯泡沫。
[实施本发明的方式]
<用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物>
本发明的用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物包含多元醇和多异氰酸酯作为必要组分。以下对构成本发明的用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物的各组分进行说明。
<多元醇>
包含在本发明的用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物中的多元醇包含至少两种多元醇化合物,其中所述至少两种多元醇化合物中的一种是聚己内酯。在本发明中,除了常规用于聚氨酯泡沫的多元醇之外,还将聚己内酯作为多元醇并入,使得能够获得对由烯烃系树脂材料(更不用说无机材料如金属)构成的被粘物具有优异粘着性的聚氨酯泡沫。该原因不明;然而,据推测,当多元醇和多异氰酸酯进行固化反应时,聚己内酯加速交联形成以保持泡沫的强度,并且己内酯骨架并入到聚氨酯链中,由此改善了与聚烯烃树脂的相容性,更不用说与无机材料如金属的相容性。
对除了聚己内酯以外的多元醇(以下可称为“非聚己内酯多元醇”)没有特别限制,只要它是在一个分子中具有两个或更多个羟基基团的化合物即可,其实例包括聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、基于酚树脂的多元醇、曼尼希多元醇等,它们描述于KeijiIwata编写的“Handbook of Polyurethane Resin” (昭和62年9月25日,Nikkan KogyoShimbun, LTD.发行)中。这些中的每一种可以单独使用,或者可以将两种或更多种混合使用。在这些多元醇中,从多元醇本身的耐水解性和与多异氰酸酯组分反应的稳定性的角度考虑,优选基于聚醚的多元醇,例如聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇和曼尼希多元醇。
作为聚醚多元醇,首先提及的是基于聚氧化烯的多元醇,其可以通过使用包含具有两个或更多个含活性氢的基团如羟基基团、伯氨基基团、仲氨基基团等的化合物的起始材料并使环氧烷进行开环加成反应来制备。
基于聚氧化烯的多元醇的起始材料包括多羟基醇,例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二甘油、糖、蔗糖、右旋糖和山梨醇;链烷醇胺,例如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和甲基二乙醇胺;多胺,例如乙二胺、甲苯二胺、二乙基甲苯二胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,6-己二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、二亚乙基三胺和三亚乙基五胺;多酚,例如双酚A、双酚F、间苯二酚和氢醌,及其改性物,这些中的每一种可以单独使用,或者可以将两种或更多种混合使用。
当制备基于聚氧化烯的多元醇时,进行开环加成反应的环氧烷包括环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、氧化苯乙烯等,这些中的每一种可以单独使用,或者可以将两种或更多种混合使用。
聚合物多元醇包括具有分散在基于聚氧化烯的多元醇中的聚合物微粒如聚丙烯腈微粒和聚苯乙烯微粒的那些。
曼尼希多元醇可以通过酚、醛、链烷醇胺等的缩合反应和如果需要的话进一步使环氧烷如环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷进行开环加成反应来制备。
合适的基于聚醚的多元醇的实例包括基于聚氧化烯的多元醇,例如基于(二)乙二醇的聚醚多元醇、基于(二)丙二醇的聚醚多元醇、基于(二)甘油的聚醚多元醇、基于三羟甲基丙烷的聚醚多元醇、基于季戊四醇的聚醚多元醇、基于糖的聚醚多元醇、基于蔗糖的聚醚多元醇、基于右旋糖的聚醚多元醇、基于山梨醇的聚醚多元醇、基于单(二、三)乙醇胺的聚醚多元醇、基于乙二胺的聚醚多元醇、基于甲苯二胺的聚醚多元醇、通过环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的加成反应可获得的基于双酚A的聚醚多元醇、通过将聚合物微粒分散在基于聚氧化烯的多元醇中可获得的聚合物多元醇、曼尼希多元醇等,这些中的每一种可以单独使用,或者可以将两种或更多种混合使用。
上述非聚己内酯多元醇的羟值可以是例如10至1900 mg KOH/g;然而,从保持作为硬质聚氨酯泡沫的性质的角度考虑,其通常为200至500 mg KOH/g,且优选为220至500 mgKOH/g。羟值是根据JIS K1557-1测量的值。
从处理时的粘度和赋予聚氨酯泡沫物性的角度考虑,非聚己内酯多元醇的官能数通常为2至8,优选为2至6,更优选为2至4,且进一步更优选为2至3。
<聚己内酯>
可以使用的聚己内酯没有特别限制,只要它是由ε-己内酯在多羟基醇上进行开环聚合反应获得的聚己内酯即可,并且可以使用具有多羟基醇的不同种类或不同聚合水平的各种聚己内酯低聚物或聚己内酯聚合物。
用于获得聚己内酯的多羟基醇没有特别限制,只要它是具有2至10个碳的二元至八元醇即可。其具体实例包括,但不限于本文列出的那些,脂族二醇,例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-丙二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、2-乙基-1,3-己二醇、2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、2-甲基-1,8-辛二醇和1,9-壬二醇;脂环族二醇,例如双羟基甲基环己烷;具有芳族环的二醇,例如二甲苯二醇、双羟基乙氧基苯;三醇,例如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、1,2,6-己三醇和1,2,4-丁三醇;四醇,例如季戊四醇;和官能数为8的糖多元醇,例如乳糖。这些中优选的是脂族二醇,且尤其优选的是具有6个或更少碳的脂族二醇。这些中的一种可以单独使用,或者这些中的两种或更多种可以组合使用。
从处理时的粘度和赋予聚氨酯泡沫物性的角度考虑,聚己内酯的数均分子量优选为115至1500,且更优选为250至1300。如本文所用的数均分子量是指根据凝胶渗透色谱法(以下简称为“GPC法”)测量的换算成标准聚苯乙烯的数均分子量。
聚己内酯的羟值可以在50至1000 mg KOH/g的范围内,并且从保持作为硬质聚氨酯泡沫的性质的角度考虑,优选范围为70至700 mg KOH/g,且更优选80至550 mg KOH/g。
从处理时的粘度和赋予聚氨酯泡沫物性的角度考虑,聚己内酯的官能数(一个分子中的羟基基团数)通常为2至8,优选为2至4,且更优选为2至3。
通过适当调节用作原材料的多羟基醇的种类及其进料量、ε-己内酯相对于它们的进料量、用于开环反应的催化剂的种类和开环反应催化剂的种类及其进料量,如上所述的聚己内酯可以具有合意的分子量和官能数。
从粘附性和机械强度等角度考虑,聚己内酯在用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物中的含量为基于多元醇的总量计0.1至30重量%,优选0.1至20重量%,且更优选5至15重量%。
聚己内酯在用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物中的添加量例如为基于用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物的总量计0.001至15重量%,优选0.1至10重量%,且更优选0.1至8重量%。
<多异氰酸酯>
至于多异氰酸酯,可以使用通常用于制造聚氨酯树脂的那些。此类多异氰酸酯的实例包括芳族多异氰酸酯、脂族多异氰酸酯、脂环族多异氰酸酯及其改性物(例如,具有氨基甲酸酯基团、碳二亚胺基团、脲基甲酸酯基团、脲基团、缩二脲基团、异氰脲酸酯基团或噁唑烷酮基团的改性物)以及这些中的两种或更多种的混合物。
芳族多异氰酸酯包括苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚合TDI (也称为粗TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(也称为粗MDI或聚合MDI)、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、萘二异氰酸酯、多芳基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)等。
脂族多异氰酸酯包括例如具有2至18个碳的脂族二异氰酸酯。具体实例包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HMDI)等。
脂环族多异氰酸酯包括例如具有4至16个碳的脂环族二异氰酸酯。具体实例包括异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、氢化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯等)、氢化甲苯二异氰酸酯、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯等。
从赋予聚氨酯泡沫强度和改善耐热性的角度考虑,在多异氰酸酯中优选的是芳族多异氰酸酯,例如多亚甲基多亚苯基多异氰酸酯。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物优选包含发泡剂。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,发泡剂包括水、空气、二氧化碳和(液化)气体如氮气、氢化碳、氢氯氟烃、氢氟烃等,并且优选包括水、环戊烷、氢氯氟烯烃或氢氟烯烃等,并且更优选包括水、环戊烷、氯三氟丙烯或六氟-2-丁烯,并且甚至更优选包括水、环戊烷、反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd)或顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯(HFO-1336mzz(Z))。清楚的是,这也意味着用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物可以包含发泡剂,所述发泡剂包含水和物理发泡剂,优选地其中所述物理发泡剂选自环戊烷、氢氯氟烯烃、氢氟烯烃及其混合物,更优选地其中所述物理发泡剂选自环戊烷、氯三氟丙烯、六氟-2-丁烯及其混合物,最优选地其中所述物理发泡剂选自环戊烷、反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd)、顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯(HFO-1336mzz (Z))及其混合物。
发泡剂的含量例如为基于用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物的总量计1至30重量%,优选1至25重量%,且更优选1至22重量%。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,发泡剂优选包含水。从赋予聚氨酯泡沫物理性质和降低密度的角度考虑,水含量例如为基于组合物的总量计0.1至10重量%,优选0.5至5重量%。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,如果需要的话,用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物可以进一步包含用于制备聚氨酯的催化剂。
已知的催化剂可以用作用于制备聚氨酯的催化剂,只要不妨碍本发明的目的,其中优选使用碱性含氮有机催化剂。碱性含氮有机催化剂包括基于有机胺的催化剂,例如2-(2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、2-[2-(2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙醇、N-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)-N-甲基乙醇胺、N-[2-(2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙基]-N-甲基乙醇胺和N,N,N',N''-四甲基-N''-异丙醇-二亚乙基三胺、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、2-甲基-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)吗啉、二吗啉代二乙基醚、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基丙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、N,N'-二甲基哌嗪、N,N',N'-三甲基氨基乙基哌嗪、三(3-二甲基氨基丙基)胺、双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳烯-7、N,N',N"-三(3-二甲基氨基丙基)六氢-s-三嗪、6-二甲基氨基-1-己醇、5-二甲基氨基-3-甲基-1-戊醇、二甲基乙醇胺、二甲基异丙醇胺、N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N-甲基氨基乙醇、N,N-二甲基-N,N'-双(2-羟基丙基)-1,3-丙二胺、N,N-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)异丙醇胺、1-甲基咪唑、1-异丁基-2-甲基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、其衍生物、以及由这些与酸(例如羧酸和碳酸)形成的盐,其中每一种可以单独使用,或者可以将两种或更多种混合使用。
只要不妨碍本发明的目的,可以使用有机锡化合物,例如二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二(2-乙基己基)锡和二(2-乙基己酸)锡;以二(2-乙基己酸)铅、二(2-乙基己酸)铋为代表的有机金属催化剂;和钾盐,例如乙酸钾、2-乙基己酸钾;和异氰脲酸酯化(isocyanuration)催化剂,例如季铵盐。
用于制备聚氨酯的催化剂的含量例如为基于组合物的总量计0.01至5重量%,优选0.01至3重量%,且更优选0.1至2.5重量%。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,从控制聚氨酯泡沫的泡孔形式的角度考虑,用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物可以包含泡沫稳定剂。作为泡沫稳定剂,可以使用用于聚氨酯泡沫的已知泡沫稳定剂而没有限制,实例包括基于硅酮的泡沫稳定剂,例如聚氧化烯-聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚物、聚二烷基硅氧烷和聚氧化烯多元醇改性二甲基聚硅氧烷,以及阴离子表面活性剂,例如脂肪酸盐、硫酸酯盐、磷酸酯盐和磺酸盐,这些中的每一种可以单独使用,或者可以将两种或更多种混合使用。其中,从强的泡沫稳定能力和尺寸稳定性的角度考虑,优选聚氧化烯-聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚物。
泡沫稳定剂的含量例如为基于组合物的总量计0.01至5重量%,优选0.01至3重量%,且更优选0.1至2.5重量%。
如果需要的话,用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物还可以包含阻燃剂。阻燃剂包括基于卤素的阻燃剂,例如磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯、磷酸三(1,3-二氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯,这些中的每一种可以单独使用,或者可以将两种或更多种混合使用。其中,从经时稳定性和经济效率的角度考虑,优选磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯。
从赋予聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性和保持作为聚氨酯泡沫的性质的角度考虑,阻燃剂的含量例如为基于用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物的总量计1至60重量%,优选1至30重量%,且更优选1至15重量%。
除了上文描述的那些之外,在聚氨酯泡沫的制造中可以根据需要使用助剂。作为助剂,可以使用通常用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的那些。除了如上文提及的催化剂、发泡剂、阻燃剂和泡沫稳定剂之外,助剂还包括增容剂、交联剂、稳定剂、颜料、填料、降粘剂等。只要不妨碍本发明的目的,就可以使用这些助剂。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,可以使用用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物以便将聚氨酯泡沫附着至由各种材料构成的被粘物。被粘物的合适实例包括无机材料如金属和有机材料如树脂,并且可以将聚氨酯泡沫施加至尤其是由金属材料,例如铝及其合金、不锈钢及其合金、铁及其合金和铜及其合金;以及烯烃系树脂材料,例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯构成的被粘物。被粘物的形状没有特别限制,优选面材。任选地,可以将涂层施加至组合物所附着的表面上,只要不妨碍与聚氨酯泡沫的粘合即可。涂层包括有机聚合物涂层剂,例如聚酯树脂。
<组合物的实施方案>
上述用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物可以是由两种组分构成的组合物,这两种组分是含多元醇组分和含多异氰酸酯组分。在这样的情况下,聚己内酯优选包含在含多元醇组分中。根据本发明的优选实施方案,用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物可通过混合含多元醇组分和含多异氰酸酯组分而获得。
另外,含多元醇组分和含多异氰酸酯组分中的任一者或两者可包含至少一种上述助剂,或者可与含多元醇组分和含多异氰酸酯组分分开制备含助剂组分。
从多元醇本身与多异氰酸酯的反应稳定性的角度考虑,含多元醇组分优选以80重量%或更多,更优选90重量%或更多,且进一步优选95重量%或更多的量含有多元醇。
在含多异氰酸酯组分中所含的多异氰酸酯的比例通常优选调节到使得多异氰酸酯指数为20至300,优选70至140,且更优选90至120。如本文所用,“异氰酸酯指数”是通过将多异氰酸酯中的异氰酸酯基团的总数除以可与异氰酸酯基团反应的活性氢的总数并乘以100而获得的值。也就是说,当可与异氰酸酯基团反应的活性氢的数量在化学计量上等于多异氰酸酯中的异氰酸酯基团时,异氰酸酯指数将为100。当水用作部分或全部发泡剂时,在计算异氰酸酯指数时应考虑水的量及其活性氢的数量。
含多元醇组分和含多异氰酸酯组分的重量比例(含多元醇组分/含多异氰酸酯组分)通常为100/170至100/85,优选100/150至100/90,且进一步优选100/140至100/95。
<聚氨酯泡沫>
根据本发明的一个实施方案,提供了由用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物形成的聚氨酯泡沫。根据优选的实施方案,聚氨酯泡沫是硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
聚氨酯泡沫的粘合强度(也称为“拉伸剪切粘合强度”)根据被粘物的种类而变化,通常为40至400 N/cm2,优选为40至380 N/cm2,且更优选为40至350 N/cm2。更具体而言,对不锈钢材料的粘合强度优选为110至400 N/cm2,更优选为110至380 N/cm2,且进一步优选为140至340 N/cm2。对任选经涂覆的铝材料的粘合强度优选为100至300 N/cm2,更优选为110至280 N/cm2,且进一步优选为110至260 N/cm2。对聚丙烯材料的粘合强度优选为40至170N/cm2,更优选为45至150 N/cm2,且进一步优选为45至120 N/cm2。对聚乙烯材料的粘合强度优选为40至130 N/cm2,更优选为40至120 N/cm2,且进一步优选为40至110 N/cm2。粘合强度可以根据JIS K 6850测量。
聚氨酯泡沫的密度可以根据目的适当地设定,例如可以具有约45至60 kg/m3的密度。聚氨酯泡沫的密度可以通过测量任何聚氨酯泡沫的重量并将该值除以其体积来获得。
聚氨酯泡沫的闭孔比例可以适当地设定而没有特别限制,例如为90%或更高。闭孔比例可以基于ASTM D 2856中规定的方法测量。
本发明的聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度可以根据密度适当地调节。当密度为60 kg/m3时,根据JIS K 7220测量的聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度例如优选为300 KPa或更高。
通过使用本发明的用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物可获得的聚氨酯泡沫可以合适地用作例如用于建筑材料、冷藏库、浴缸、管道等的绝热材料,用于防止独立房屋、公寓、工业管道等的结露的材料,以及要填充在建筑材料部件如凸窗和窗框内以便保持产品形状的轻质芯材。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,提供了包含聚氨酯泡沫的绝热材料或建筑材料。根据本发明的另一方式,提供了聚氨酯泡沫在制造绝热材料或建筑材料中的用途。根据本发明的另一实施方案,提供了本发明的聚氨酯泡沫作为绝热材料或建筑材料的用途。
当通过喷涂法制造现场施工型绝热材料和防止结露的材料,以及制造工厂线上的面板、板材等的建筑材料时,也可以使用本发明的聚氨酯泡沫。因此,根据本发明的一个实施方案,聚氨酯泡沫是如JIS A 9526 (2015)中规定的建筑物绝热用喷涂硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
<用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的方法>
使用上述用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物可以制造聚氨酯泡沫。具体地,将构成用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物的多元醇和多异氰酸酯混合,并且通过两者之间的反应,可以形成聚氨酯泡沫。也就是说,根据本发明的另一实施方案,提供了用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的方法,其包括混合多元醇和多异氰酸酯的步骤,其中所述多元醇包含至少两种多元醇化合物,其中所述至少两种多元醇化合物中的一种是聚己内酯。
没有特别限制,混合多元醇和多异氰酸酯的方面可以通过混合如上所述的含多元醇组分和含多异氰酸酯组分来进行,或者可以通过混合含多元醇组分、含多异氰酸酯组分和含助剂组分来进行。此外,聚己内酯和非聚己内酯多元醇可以同时与多异氰酸酯反应,或者聚己内酯可以预先与多异氰酸酯反应以制备预聚物并进行预聚物和非聚己内酯多元醇的反应。
在用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的方法中,上述混合过程没有特别限制,并且可以将各组分同时或单独加入到容器中并混合。
混合步骤的更具体实施方案例如是通过在将上述各组分注入成型模具中的同时混合和搅拌的方法,或通过借助喷射机(spraying machine)喷射和对撞各组分的混合方法等。
上述混合步骤可以在例如约15至35℃的温度下进行。
在本发明的制造方法中,多元醇和多异氰酸酯的混合物(用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物)可以含有固体成分。然而,从泡沫有效形成的角度考虑,优选液体或半固体形式。从与被粘物的快速粘附性和聚氨酯泡沫形成的角度考虑,优选上述混合物的胶凝时间短。在此,胶凝时间是指从开始混合时的时间(其被认为是零秒)到当所获得的混合物与棒状固体接触时开始拉丝时的时间之间的时间(秒)。在本发明中,如下述实施例那样,通过目测判断测量的时间的平均值来确定胶凝时间。
上述胶凝时间优选为50至200秒,更优选为90至150秒,且甚至更优选为90至120秒。
实施例
在下文中,将通过借助实施例更详细地说明本发明,但本发明并不受其限制。除非另行特别说明,否则根据本发明的单元和测量方法符合日本工业标准(JIS)的规定。“份”和“%”分别是指“重量份”和“重量%”。
<粘合强度评价测试>
根据以下说明的原材料和测试程序,将含多元醇组分和多异氰酸酯以给定的共混比混合,得到混合液体,由所述混合液体得到测试实施例A和测试组1至16的测试样品,以测量粘合强度。
<原材料>
测试实施例A和测试组1至16的测试样品的原材料如下表1和2中的组分信息中所示。如表1和2中所示,用于各测试组中的含多元醇组分的原材料选自多元醇A至L、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂A或B、发泡剂A至D。此外,在表1和2中,在发泡剂中,仅发泡剂A (水)的重量包括在含多元醇组分的重量中,含多元醇组分的重量是计算混合重量比(含多元醇组分/多异氰酸酯)的基础,以便于计算异氰酸酯指数。多元醇中的羟值是根据JIS K 1557-1 (2007)测量的值。
<测试程序:粘着性评价>
根据以下程序1)至8),测量测试实施例A和测试组1至16的测试样品的粘合强度。测量粘合强度的进一步细节应根据JIS K6850:1999。
1)将含多元醇组分中除发泡剂之外的各组分以给定量加入到一次性烧杯(500cc)中。
2)向1)的一次性烧杯中加入发泡剂,直到其达到给定量并在给定温度(20±0.5℃)下混合。
3)在给定温度(20±0.5℃)下,将给定量的异氰酸酯加入到2)的一次性烧杯(500cc)中以获得混合溶液。
4)将3)的混合溶液加入均质混合器(来自PRIMIX Corporation)中,并在约4000rpm下搅拌8秒以获得反应混合物。在此,当一次性烧杯中的混合溶液与一次性筷子接触时,将直到混合溶液开始拉丝的时间确定为胶凝时间(秒)。
5)将4)的反应混合物倒入预先加热至40℃的可打开且可关闭的模具(内部尺寸:长400 mm、宽300 mm、厚50 mm)中,模具的顶侧和底侧设置有用于测量粘着性的面材(尺寸-长50 mm且宽50 mm)。
6)在经过30分钟后,打开上述模具,并移出粘附到面材上的组合物。
7)在经过12小时或更长时间后,用切割刀将面材的周边切掉,并使用双组分环氧粘合剂将组合物粘附到其上的面材和夹具(长50 mm且宽50 mm)粘附。将夹具附着到其上的测试试样放置固化12小时或更长时间,安装适于设置在夹具上的螺孔的螺钉,然后将螺钉安装在拉伸试验机(Autograph AG-10NXplus,来自Shimadzu Corporation)中,以10 mm/min的恒定速度施加载荷,由此将直到测试试样被破坏的最大载荷确定为粘合强度。
结果如表1和2中所示。
根据表1和2,作为将组合物添加到面材上的结果,与其中没有使用聚己内酯的测试实施例A相比,测试组1至16的包含聚己内酯的聚氨酯泡沫显示出对所有面材(铝、不锈钢、聚苯乙烯和聚乙烯)的高粘着性。特别地,使用包含水和物理发泡剂的发泡剂产生的聚氨酯泡沫显示出对所有面材的最高粘着性。
Claims (6)
1.用于制造聚氨酯泡沫的组合物,其包含多元醇和多异氰酸酯,其中
所述多元醇包含至少两种多元醇化合物并且所述至少两种多元醇化合物中的一种是聚己内酯,其中
所述组合物不包含1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷,其中
所述组合物包含发泡剂,所述发泡剂包含水和物理发泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中
所述聚己内酯具有2至8的官能数。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中
所述聚己内酯具有115至1500的数均分子量。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中
基于所述多元醇的总量计,所述聚己内酯占0.1至30重量%。
5.聚氨酯泡沫,其由根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物形成。
6.绝热材料,其包含根据权利要求5所述的聚氨酯泡沫。
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