CN114158395B - Darkroom for inducing sweet potato to bloom and method for improving hybridization efficiency of sweet potato - Google Patents

Abstract

A darkroom for inducing sweet potato to bloom and a method for improving the hybridization efficiency of sweet potato are provided, wherein the darkroom has a framework greenhouse, an insect-proof net is covered on the top of the greenhouse, and a rainproof sun-proof cloth is covered outside the insect-proof net; at least two hybridization ponds are arranged in the framework greenhouse, the pond walls of the hybridization ponds are made of bricks and cement, the space in the pond is filled with soil, the distance between every two hybridization ponds is 100cm, the width of each hybridization pond is 100cm, the height of each hybridization pond is 50cm, and the length of each hybridization pond is random. The invention also discloses a method for inducing the sweet potato to bloom by using the darkroom. The innovation point of the invention is that: the darkroom is simple, can be built in any space, and the skeleton greenhouse is covered with the insect-proof net and the sun-shading cloth to form the darkroom for inducing the sweet potato to bloom; the grafting time is 50 days in advance, the sweet potato can bloom and pollinate in the early 7 months, the sweet potato plant enters the full-bloom period in the early 8 months, a large number of hybrid seeds can be obtained in 8 months and 9 months, and the seed production amount can be increased by 1 time each year compared with the traditional grafting hybrid mode.

Description

Darkroom for inducing sweet potato to bloom and method for improving hybridization efficiency of sweet potato

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a darkroom for inducing sweet potato to bloom, a construction method thereof and a method for improving sweet potato hybridization efficiency.

Background

Sweet potato is a warm-loving and short-day crop, most varieties cannot bloom naturally under the condition of north long-day sunshine at the latitude of 23 ℃, and sexual cross breeding of sweet potato is required to adopt artificial induction to solve the problem of parent bloom, wherein the artificial induction is to graft the sweet potato parent on the related plants of the family of the Convolvulaceae (morning glory, usnea, and the like), and the flowering of the sweet potato is promoted by short-day treatment for 8-10 hours per day. The short-day treatment requires facilities such as darkroom and darkbox, and the management is complex.

At present, a house and track mode is adopted in a darkroom, sweet potato parents are transplanted into a large flowerpot after being grafted onto a stock, the flowerpot is placed on a track iron trolley, the darkroom is pushed out in the morning, and the darkroom is pushed in the afternoon. The iron barrow is very heavy and can be pushed by two persons. The whole operation flow is from the beginning of 6 months to the end of 10 months, and the time and the labor are wasted.

Therefore, there is a need to provide a darkroom which is easy to operate and induces sweet potatoes to bloom.

The insects generally used for artificial pollination are the wall bees and the male peaks, both the wall bees and the male peaks are not suitable for the directional pollination of the sweet potatoes, the wall bees are pollinating insects which are more utilized in recent years, the insects have the characteristics of early activity, low temperature resistance and no high temperature resistance in early spring, the flowering period of the sweet potatoes is 7-10 months per year, the positive air temperature is higher, the rainwater is more in period, and the death rate of the wall bees is higher. The male peak has a large moving range, is not suitable for stocking in a closed space, has strong aggressiveness in stocking the male peak in the closed space, and is easy to hurt people. Because the sweet potato is continuously stubble-removed and branch-bound in the hybridization process, the male peak is not suitable for stocking.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a darkroom for inducing sweet potato to bloom.

The darkroom for inducing the sweet potatoes to bloom has the structure that a framework greenhouse is provided, an insect-proof net is covered on the top of the greenhouse, and a rainproof sun-proof sunshade cloth is covered outside the insect-proof net; at least two hybridization ponds are arranged in the framework greenhouse, the pond walls of the hybridization ponds are made of bricks and cement, the space in the pond is filled with soil, the distance between every two hybridization ponds is 100cm, the width of each hybridization pond is 100cm, the height of each hybridization pond is 50cm, and the length of each hybridization pond is determined according to the length of the framework greenhouse;

the darkroom is built in a completely open space without any shade shielding;

in the invention, the sunshade cloth only supports the two ends by the bamboo poles without lifting, and can keep out rain. If rain is not sheltered, the water content of soil in the hybridization pool is too high to influence the flowering of the sweet potato, and then the pollen of the sweet potato flowers is poured off by the rain in rainy days, so that capsules cannot be formed.

The invention also provides a method for inducing the sweet potato to bloom by using the darkroom.

The method for inducing sweet potato to bloom by using the darkroom provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

1) Sowing the seeds of the iris in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 3 months as grafting stocks, and grafting the sweet potato parents in the middle ten days of 4 months;

2) Transplanting the grafted seedling into a hybridization pool after grafting survival,

wherein, selecting hybridization combinations with determined fructification to be adjacently planted in a hybridization pool, and sleeving an insect-proof net on the hybridization pool;

3) Short-day treatment was performed in the last ten days of 6 months: the sun-shading cloth is lifted at the position of 7-8 am, and covered at the position of 4-5 pm, so that the short sunshine of 8-10 hours is ensured every day;

4) The parent blooms in the beginning of 7 months, pupas of the red head flies are put into an insect-proof net of a hybridization pool of 7 months of initial directional hybridization, and propagation pollination is carried out after the pupas are hatched for directional hybridization;

5) Picking sweet potato capsules after the sweet potato capsules are ripe.

In the step 1) of the method, the sweet potato parent grafting operation is as follows: selecting healthy potato seedlings without diseases, cutting the potato Miao Duanbu into wedges, inserting the wedges into a stock, and wrapping the wedges with a sealing film with the width of 1cm for 3-4 circles to wrap wounds;

the stem tip of the healthy potato seedling is 8-10cm long; the length is beneficial to the grafting survival of the sweet potato seedlings and can ensure the rapid growth of the grafted seedlings;

the grafting time is advanced, and the grafted seedlings can be transplanted into a darkroom at the end of 4 months or at the beginning of 5 months, so that early flowering is promoted;

the sealing films are wound for 3-4 circles, 1 sealing film can be used for binding 3 grafted seedlings, if the number of winding circles is too large, the wound is airtight, and the root of the stock is rotten;

the sealing film is used for replacing the thread and cotton to wrap the wound, so that the grafting time can be saved, the thread is not required to be removed after the wound heals, the sealing film can be broken by a long and thick stem, and the operation steps are reduced.

In the step 2), the hybridization combination which is determined to be firm is selected to be adjacently planted in a hybridization pool, and the purpose of the adjacent planting is to facilitate the directional hybridization of the insect-proof net; the other hybridization pool can be planted with parents needing to be measured and combined, and the parents are used for directional hybridization in the next year after the measurement of the fructification;

transplanting 2 rows in each hybridization pool, wherein the plant spacing is 50cm-60cm;

after transplanting, keeping the humidity of the soil of the hybridization pool at 75% -85%;

the innovation point of the invention is that:

firstly, the darkroom is relatively simple, the darkroom can be built in any empty space, and the skeleton greenhouse is covered with the insect-proof net and the sun-shading cloth to form the darkroom for inducing the sweet potato to bloom.

2. The sunshade cloth is lifted only for about 1 minute, and the sunshade cloth can be covered for about 5 minutes, so that one person can finish the sunshade cloth, thereby saving labor and improving efficiency compared with the traditional railway vehicle.

Thirdly, the red head fly has strong adaptability and stress resistance, is not easy to die, and has lower price than the wallbees and male peaks.

Fourthly, the grafting time is 50 days in advance, the sweet potato can bloom and pollinate in the early 7 months, the sweet potato plant enters the full bloom stage for 8 months and 9 months to obtain a large number of capsules, and the seed production amount can be increased by 1 time each year compared with the traditional grafting hybridization mode. Fifthly, the sealing film is used for replacing the thread and cotton to wrap the wound, so that grafting time can be saved, the thread is not required to be removed after the wound heals, the sealing film can be broken by the long and thick stems and can be automatically fallen off, labor is saved, and efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sweet potato hybridization darkroom according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents, materials, etc. used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Examples

The construction process of the darkroom comprises the following steps:

1) Firstly, building a framework greenhouse, wherein the framework greenhouse is formed by erecting galvanized steel pipes, and the length and the width of the framework greenhouse are determined according to the actual hybridization area, and the framework greenhouse can be arched or semi-arched.

2) The framework greenhouse is internally provided with hybridization ponds, the pond walls of the hybridization ponds are made of bricks and cement, the space in the pond is filled with soil, every two hybridization ponds are 100cm apart, each hybridization pond is 100cm wide and 50cm high, and the length of each hybridization pond is determined according to the length of the framework greenhouse.

3) The greenhouse roof is covered with an insect-proof net.

4) The outside of the insect-proof net is covered with a rainproof sun-proof cloth.

The darkroom is built in a completely open space without any shade.

The operation steps of utilizing darkroom to induce sweet potato to bloom include:

1) Sowing the iris seeds in a greenhouse for 3 months and 15 days as grafting stocks, and grafting sweet potato parents in 4 months and 15 days;

2) Transplanting the grafted seedling into a hybridization pool after grafting survival,

wherein, selecting hybridization combinations with determined fructification to be adjacently planted in a hybridization pool, and sleeving an insect-proof net on the hybridization pool;

3) Short-day treatment was performed in the last ten days of 6 months: the sun-shading cloth is lifted at the position of 7-8 am, and covered at the position of 4-5 pm, so that the short sunshine of 8-10 hours is ensured every day; the sun-shading cloth is covered, is completely opaque, shines for 8-10 hours per day, and sweet potatoes can bloom successively under the condition of short sunshine;

4) Placing pupae of red head fly into insect-proof net of hybridization pool for 7 months, spreading pollination to make directional hybridization after hatching pupae;

5) Picking sweet potato capsules after the sweet potato capsules are ripe.

The red head fly is used for the experimental result of sweet potato insect vector propagation pollination:

/>

Claims (1)

1. a method for inducing sweet potato to bloom by using darkroom, which is characterized in that:

the darkroom is structurally a framework greenhouse, an insect-proof net is covered on the top of the greenhouse, and a rainproof sun-proof sunshade cloth is covered outside the insect-proof net;

at least two hybridization ponds are arranged in the framework greenhouse, the pond walls of the hybridization ponds are made of bricks and cement, the space in the pond is filled with soil, the distance between every two hybridization ponds is 50cm, the width of each hybridization pond is 80cm, the height of each hybridization pond is 50cm, and the length of each hybridization pond is determined according to the length of the framework greenhouse;

the darkroom is built in a completely open space without any shade shielding;

the method comprises the following steps:

1) Sowing the seeds of the iris in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 3 months as grafting stocks, and grafting the sweet potato parents in the middle ten days of 4 months;

in the step 1), the sweet potato parent grafting operation is as follows: selecting healthy potato seedlings without diseases, cutting the potato Miao Duanbu into wedges, inserting the wedges into a stock, and wrapping the wedges with a sealing film with the width of 1cm for 3-4 circles to wrap wounds;

the length of the stem tip of the healthy potato seedling is 8cm-10cm;

2) Transplanting the grafted seedling into a hybridization pool after grafting survival,

wherein, selecting hybridization combinations with determined fructification to be adjacently planted in a hybridization pool, and sleeving an insect-proof net on the hybridization pool;

in the step 2), selecting hybridization combinations with determined fructification to be adjacently planted in a hybridization pool; the other hybridization pool is planted and needs to measure the combined parents, and the parents are used for directional hybridization in the next year after being measured and set;

transplanting 2 rows in each hybridization pool, wherein the plant spacing is 50cm-60cm;

after transplanting, keeping the humidity of the soil of the hybridization pool at 75% -85%;

3) Carrying out short sunshine treatment in the last ten days of 6 months;

in the step 3), the operation of the short-day processing is as follows: the sun-shading cloth is lifted at the position of 7-8 am, and covered at the position of 4-5 pm, so that the short sunshine of 8-10 hours is ensured every day;

4) The parent blooms in the beginning of 7 months, pupas of the red head flies are put into an insect-proof net of a hybridization pool of 7 months of initial directional hybridization, and propagation pollination is carried out after the pupas are hatched for directional hybridization;

5) The sweet potato hybrid seeds are picked after being ripe.

Images