CN110278840A - A kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber - Google Patents

A kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110278840A
CN110278840A CN201910729377.3A CN201910729377A CN110278840A CN 110278840 A CN110278840 A CN 110278840A CN 201910729377 A CN201910729377 A CN 201910729377A CN 110278840 A CN110278840 A CN 110278840A
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pollination
time
seed
cucumber
melon
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CN110278840B (en
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曹齐卫
李利斌
孟昭娟
王永强
杨宗辉
陈伟
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Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of secondary breeding methods of cucumber.The present invention starts artificial hybridization pollination in late March to early April, and using low section artificial pollination, May, early and middle ten days kind melon was mature, collects seed after kind melon harvesting;Start to carry out sun-shading in the first tenday period of a month in May;Growing point female flower below is destroyed in time after the harvesting of kind melon for the first time, and takes measures to promote seedling to mention head;It pollinates by the end of May to second of progress at the beginning of 6 months;According to second of male parent seeding and seedling raising and resident time of pollination time adjustment;To seed development maturation after pollination, collect seed.The present invention solves the problems, such as " strain early ageing is planted after pollinating for the first time " by reducing pollination section for the first time, the measures such as the regulation of middle and later periods rich water, mid-term shading management.After primary harvesting kind melon, using the technological means such as plant growing way and regulation male parent florescence are restored, kind of a strain service life is effectively extended, seed production is improved, to realize that the secondary pollination of cucumber plant is collected seed.

Description

A kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of secondary breeding methods of cucumber, belong to breed cucumber technical field.
Background technique
Cucumber is a kind of vegetables that China is particularly common and is favored by people, and since it is salubrious palatable, can also be made (especially Fruit Cucumber) is eaten for fruit.Cucumber is the important facility cultivation vegetables in China, and cultivated area occupies facilities vegetable head , performance plantation crops for rotation are more in production, and variety type is abundant, the big feature of sowing quantity.The breeding of cucumber is support cucumber industry Pith.
Seed-breeding techniques are the important technical links for ensureing cucumber breeding.Conventional cucumber breeding technique is all one at present It collects seed after secondary pollination.After traditional cucumber pollination, in the growth course of kind of melon, reproductive growth dog-eat-dog causes to plant The nutrient growth of strain is unbalance, plant early ageing, plants the later period control water of melon, the management measures such as high temperature exacerbate plant and decay, without shape At the plant nutrition basis of secondary pollination, seed cannot be obtained.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber.The present invention is pollinated for the first time by reducing Section, the measures such as the regulation of middle and later periods rich water, mid-term shading management, solves the problems, such as " strain early ageing is planted after pollinating for the first time ".Once After harvesting kind melon, using the technological means such as plant growing way and regulation male parent florescence are restored, realize that the secondary pollination of cucumber plant is adopted Kind.
The technical scheme is that a kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber, characterized in that include: 1) seeding and seedling raising;2) whole Ground fertilising;3) it is colonized;4) field management;5) pollination is reserved seed for planting for the first time;6) first time seed collection;7) shift to an earlier date sunshade;8) it inspires New head;9) second of pollination is reserved seed for planting;
Wherein,
The step 5) for the first time reserve seed for planting by pollination specifically: starts artificial hybridization pollination in late March to early April, adopts With low section artificial pollination, i.e. female parent lures female rear main stem to pollinate since 3-4 section, and continuously awarding 3-4, (pollination section is in 3-8 Within the scope of section);
Step 6) the first time seed collection specifically: May, early and middle ten days kind melon was mature, collected seed after kind melon harvesting;
The step 7) shifts to an earlier date sunshade specifically: the first tenday period of a month in May start carry out sun-shading, the point sunshade of morning 9-10, under Noon 2-3 point is opened, until secondary seed collecting terminates;
The step 8) inspires new head specifically: destroys growing point female flower below in time after the harvesting of kind melon for the first time, promotees Seedling mentions head;Promote the concrete measure that seedling proposes head use are as follows: whole seedling destroys the following old leaf piece of 5 sections, and first flood pouring is not rushed fertilizer, inspired new Root;Greenhouse night closes air port, maintains 20 DEG C of temperature or more, while daytime, plant leaf increased air humidity by spraying;To young leaves After growing, foliage-spray is carried out with retrogradation dew, interval is sprayed 1 time for 7 days again;It is carried out simultaneously using 15-5-8 N P and K ternary compound fertilizer Top dressing processing, interval rush 1 time for 7 days again;After young leaves is grown, greenhouse uptake opens round the clock, and lower air port is closed.
Second of pollination of the step 9) is reserved seed for planting specifically: by the end of May to second of pollination of progress at the beginning of 6 months (generally the 30th Above high section pollination of section, every plant of 1-2 flower of generally pollinating);It is educated according to second of pollination time adjustment of male parent sowing Seedling and resident time;To seed development maturation after pollination, collect seed.
Further, it is expanded to sugar-preserved gourd elongation to 10 ± 1 centimetres after the step 9) pollination, pours within 5-7 days a water, pay attention to Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim prevents a melon pendant bad seedling.
Further, second of the step 9) of male parent is seeding and seedling raising in 15-25 days April, April 25 to May 6 It is colonized in 40 mesh gauze canopies.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention is solved by reducing pollination section for the first time, the measures such as the regulation of middle and later periods rich water, mid-term shading management The problem of " strain early ageing is planted after pollinating for the first time ".
2, it after primary harvesting kind melon, using the technological means such as plant growing way and regulation male parent florescence are restored, effectively extends The kind strain service life improves seed production, to realize that the secondary pollination of cucumber plant is collected seed.
3, after using the secondary breeding method of cucumber of the invention, the secondary seed collecting of cucumber may be implemented, not only increase receipts Benefit has great importance for cucumber stock breeding.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is cucumber pollination (low section pollination) figure for the first time;
Fig. 2 is cucumber pollination recoil melon figure for the first time;
Fig. 3 is harvest kind melon figure after cucumber pollinates for the first time;
Fig. 4 is cucumber restoration ecosystem and second of pollination (high section pollination) figure;
Fig. 5 is second of cucumber recoil melon figure of pollinating;
The growing state figure that Fig. 6 is 12 days after second of pollination of cucumber;
The growing state figure that Fig. 7 is 24 days after second of pollination of cucumber;
Fig. 8 is second of cucumber harvest kind melon figure of pollinating;
Wherein, as can be seen from Figure 1: pollination is pollinated since Section 3 from main stem for the first time, continuously awards 4;From Fig. 4 In it can be seen that second pollination is generally pollinated from main stem from Section 30 or more, every plant of pollination 1-2;As can be seen from Figure 8: What is harvested after second of pollination plants the high-quality of melon, is no different with normal kind of melon.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, seeding and seedling raising:
Seeding and seedling raising is carried out in greenhouse within maternal 15 days or so 2 months (± 5 days), vernalization processing alternating temperature is carried out before sowing and is carried out, It is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerator after just showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, low-temperature treatment 4-6 hours, starts to sow.Nursery is carried out using 50 caves (specification) hole tray, often Bunch planting kind 2,25 days or so 2 months (± 5 days), seedling age was colonized in 1 leaf, 1 heart.(± 5 days) nursery in male parent 10 days or so 2 months, sowing Main points are such as maternal.Seedling stage Routine Management.
Lure and female lure male processing: maternal lures female processing: 1 leaf of seedling wholeheartedly, sprays one time 40% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 80- in seedbed 100ppm, interval are sprayed once for 2 days again, if maternal do not have to spray for female based material.Male parent lures male processing: male parent is in 2 leaf, 1 heart When in late 18-19 point spray 350ppm silver nitrate solution, interval is sprayed primary for 2 days again.
2, site preparation and fertilization and field planting management:
Before field planting: deep plough every 667m2Apply high-quality organic fat 5000-6000kg, ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40- 50kg.North-south bedding, the wide 1.2m of furrow, every two row of ridge cultivation.Canopy is detained at the beginning of 1 month, to improve ground temperature, all ventilation openings are sealed with gauze Sternly.
Field planting in due course: male parent setting date can be 5 days in advance more maternal.Select the strong sprout of well developed root system, the field planting of Yu Qingnuan weather.? Furrow face digs cave by spacing in the rows, waters after seedling is planted;Parent is planted respectively, and male parent accounts for the 1/4 of cultivated area.Female parent strain away from 25cm, 667m24000 plants or so of plant.Male parent spacing in the rows 15cm, 667m2740 plants or so of plant, every 667m2Parent total strain number is 4740 plants.
3, it is colonized to a field management for first time pollination kind melon harvesting
Topdressing and watering: 3~5 days after field planting, lobus cardiacus is grown, shows slow seedling.Such as soil overdrying, 1 seedling recovering water should be poured, and Intertillage restraining the growth of seedlings in time.0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed in cucumber flowering stage, full-bloom stage and latter stage of blooming.Florescence After sugar-preserved gourd expand, each every 667m215 kilograms of compound fertilizer (N P and K is according to 10-8-30) is rushed, 10 days or so 1 time, punching is applied 2-3 times.The later period of growth carries out control fertilizer but not drought stress, to guarantee the stalwartness of plant strain growth point.
Plant adjustment: removing useless side shoot in time, and side shoot can stay a leaf pinching, to improve ventilation and penetrating light condition.When selecting and remain Kind melon all sit after do not beat the heart, keep growing point growth, destroy do not pollinate melon and invalid melon in time.The kind melon bubble to contact to earth Foam carries out pad melon processing, prevents and treats rotten melon.It is taken in canopy and hangs seedling way to manage.
Rogueing: in order to guarantee parental purity, this product will not be met to father, maternal progress field inspection, removing before hybridizing by doing The hybrid strain of kind feature and diseased plant.
4, pollination is reserved seed for planting for the first time
1) first time pollination time: generally starting artificial hybridization pollination in late March to early April, from early 8 male and female flowerings It can pollinate after opening, most suitable pollination time is between morning 9:00-10:00,25 DEG C of temperature, humidity 60%-70%, entirely Artificial pollination work terminates in 10 days.
2) low section artificial pollination: open on the day of once taking, healthy and strong male flower, movement softly will prevent damage pistil.It will The female flower corolla removal part pollinated, marks as pollination, accomplishes not leak flower, does not leak.Female parent lure it is female after main stem from the 3rd ± 1 section starts to pollinate, and can continuously award 3-4.
3) it removes male parent: when pollinating after hours, in time pulling out whole male parents, take out of outside field and focus on, to change Kind ventilation and penetrating light condition, mitigates the generation of pest and disease damage, and preventing non-purpose pollination strain from reserving seed for planting influences seed purity.
Insect pest preventing and controlling: the multiple disease of seed farm has downy mildew, wilt disease, powdery mildew, angular leaf spot etc., with triadimefon, more bacterium The prevention and treatments such as spirit, thiophanate methyl, Du Pont gram dew.Insect pest has aphid, red spider, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., is prevented and treated with imidacloprid etc..In addition, Disengaging canopy room closes entrance in time, to avoid external insect entrance.
5, first time seed collection
Sowing melon: May early and middle ten days, 45 days or so after pollination, kind melon turn yellow, be kind of a symbol for melon maturation.After kind melon harvesting It collects seed, conventional method.
6, shift to an earlier date sunshade
The first tenday period of a month in May start to carry out sun-shading, and the point sunshade of morning 9-10, afternoon, 2-3 point was opened, and rainy days does not have to sunshade, Until secondary seed collecting terminates.This is to prevent and treat high temperature and high light intensity to lead to the important measures of leaf presenility.
7, new head is inspired
Growing point female flower below is destroyed in time after the harvesting of kind melon for the first time, is promoted seedling and is mentioned head.
Promote seedling and propose a technical measures:
Whole seedling destroys the following old leaf piece of 5 sections, and first flood pouring does not rush fertilizer, inspires new root, and greenhouse night closes air port, temperature At 20 DEG C or more, while increasing air humidity daytime, Yu Shangwu 9-10 point carries out plant leaf and is sprayed, 60-75kg clear water/ 667m2.After 3-5 days, young leaves is grown, with retrogradation dew (product of Lu Hong, ingredient: Mn+Zn+B >=20g/L (manganese (Mn) >=5g/L, Zinc (Zn) >=8g/L, boron (B) >=7g/L), amino acid >=100g/L;Sulphur (S)≤30g/L, chlorine (Cl)≤30g/L, sodium (Na)≤ 30g/L) 30 milliliters: 10 kilograms of water carry out foliage-spray, and interval is sprayed 1 time for 7 days again;Every 667m simultaneously2With 15-5-8 N P and K three Member fertilizer 10kg carries out top dressing processing, and interval rushes 1 time for 7 days again.After young leaves is grown, greenhouse top air port opens round the clock, and lower air port is closed It closes.
8, second of pollination is reserved seed for planting
Second of male parent is colonized in 40 mesh gauze canopies, density is such as on May 1 or so in seeding and seedling raising on April 20 Before.To second of pollination of beginning at the beginning of 6 months, (high section pollination, generally at Section 30 or more, every plant is generally awarded maternal female flower by the end of May 1-2 flower of powder), the male parent male flower that 6 points of the morning acquisition same day open, the female flower on female parent opened to the same day is pollinated, and 7 days Left and right terminates, and expands to sugar-preserved gourd elongation to 10 ± 1 centimetres, pours within 5-7 days a water (7 points of morning or so are watered), pay attention to hanging Melon prevents a melon pendant bad seedling.35 days or so after pollination, seed development is mature, collects seed.
The above method is suitable for all cucumber and hybridizes breeding, and the present invention is with the plant growing way in the rich U.S. 74 of commercial product By force, the North-China Type self-mating system of long 32cm of melon or so is male parent, and stronger with plant growing way in commercial product De Ruite D19, sugar-preserved gourd is long The North-China Type self-mating system of 36cm or so be it is maternal carry out secondary breeding, first time pollination is reserved seed for planting as shown in Figure 1-3, plant for the first time Plant restoration ecosystem is as shown in Figure 4-8 to high section pollination seat melon to harvest seed after melon harvesting.Primary collect seed obtains seed 40kg/667m2, a secondary seed collecting acquisition kind 16kg/667m2;With current only with primary seed collecting amount (40kg/667m2) compared to mentioning It is high by 40%.As can be seen from Figure 8: what is harvested after second of pollination plants the high-quality of melon, is no different (seed collecting drying with normal kind of melon Afterwards, 28 grams of thousand grain weigth, percentage of seedgermination 100%).

Claims (6)

1. a kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber, characterized in that include: 1) seeding and seedling raising;2) site preparation and fertilization;3) it is colonized;4) field Management;5) pollination is reserved seed for planting for the first time;6) first time seed collection;7) shift to an earlier date sunshade;8) new head is inspired;9) second of pollination is stayed Kind;Wherein,
The step 5) for the first time reserve seed for planting by pollination specifically: starts artificial hybridization pollination in late March to early April, use is low Section artificial pollination, female parent lure female rear main stem to pollinate since 3-4 section, continuously award 3-4;
Step 6) the first time seed collection specifically: May, early and middle ten days kind melon was mature, collected seed after kind melon harvesting;
The step 7) shifts to an earlier date sunshade specifically: the first tenday period of a month in May start carry out sun-shading, the point sunshade of morning 9-10, afternoon 2-3 Point is opened, until collecting seed and terminating for second;
The step 8) inspires new head specifically: destroys growing point female flower below in time after the harvesting of kind melon for the first time, and takes Measure promotees seedling and mentions head;
Second of pollination of the step 9) is reserved seed for planting specifically: is pollinated by the end of May to second of progress at the beginning of 6 months;According to pollination time tune Whole second of male parent seeding and seedling raising and resident time;To seed development maturation after pollination, collect seed.
2. a kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber as described in claim 1, characterized in that pollinate for second of the step 9) the It more than 30 sections pollinates, 1-2 flower of every plant of pollination.
3. a kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber as described in claim 1, characterized in that step 5) the first time pollination section In 3-8 section.
4. a kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber as described in claim 1, characterized in that promote the measure that seedling mentions head using step 8) Specifically: whole seedling destroys the following old leaf piece of 5 sections, and first flood pouring does not rush fertilizer, inspires new root;Greenhouse night closes air port, maintains 20 DEG C of temperature or more, while daytime, plant leaf increased air humidity by spraying;After young leaves is grown, blade face spray is carried out with retrogradation dew It applies, interval is sprayed 1 time for 7 days again;Top dressing processing is carried out using 15-5-8 N P and K ternary compound fertilizer simultaneously, interval rushes 1 time for 7 days again; After young leaves is grown, greenhouse uptake opens round the clock, and lower air port is closed.
5. a kind of secondary breeding method of cucumber as described in claim 1, characterized in that the male parent that second of the step 9) In seeding and seedling raising in 15-25 days April, April 25 to May 6 is colonized in 40 mesh gauze canopies.
6. the secondary breeding method of a kind of cucumber as described in any one of claim 1-5, characterized in that the step 9) is awarded It is expanded to sugar-preserved gourd elongation to 10 ± 1 centimetres after powder, pours within 5-7 days a water, Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim prevents a melon pendant bad seedling.
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