CN114144560A - 墙体建筑元件系统和用于该系统的建筑元件 - Google Patents

墙体建筑元件系统和用于该系统的建筑元件 Download PDF

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CN114144560A
CN114144560A CN202080051134.XA CN202080051134A CN114144560A CN 114144560 A CN114144560 A CN 114144560A CN 202080051134 A CN202080051134 A CN 202080051134A CN 114144560 A CN114144560 A CN 114144560A
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wall building
building element
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insulation layer
wall
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弗朗克·卡托·拉赫蒂
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Fu LangkeKatuoLahedi
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    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
    • E04B1/6125—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with protrusions on the one frontal surface co-operating with recesses in the other frontal surface
    • E04B1/6133—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with protrusions on the one frontal surface co-operating with recesses in the other frontal surface the connection made by friction-grip
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
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    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
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    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
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    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/82—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge characterised by the manner in which edges are connected to the building; Means therefor; Special details of easily-removable partitions as far as related to the connection with other parts of the building
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    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/82—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge characterised by the manner in which edges are connected to the building; Means therefor; Special details of easily-removable partitions as far as related to the connection with other parts of the building
    • E04B2/821—Connections between two opposed surfaces (i.e. floor and ceiling) by means of a device offering a restraining force acting in the plane of the partition
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    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
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    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
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    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/243—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 one at least of the material being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
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    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
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Abstract

本发明涉及墙体建筑元件系统，其包括底端元件、适于组装到墙体的基本墙体建筑元件(11)和适于装配在基本墙体建筑元件的每个水平层之间的梁(14)。基本墙体建筑元件(11)预制有中心承重芯部构件(12)和在其两侧的形状稳定的隔热层(13)。芯部构件(12)和隔热层(13)相互适配成榫槽系统，而梁(14)制成与其对应的“H”形轮廓。芯部构件(12)通常由具有侧向延伸的、竖向取向的肋的板状主体组成。

Description

墙体建筑元件系统和用于该系统的建筑元件
技术领域
根据第一方面，本发明涉及如权利要求1的前序部分所述的墙体建筑元件系统。根据另一方面，本发明涉及如权利要求5的前序部分所限定的基本墙体建筑元件或模块，所述墙体基本建筑元件构成根据本发明第一方面的墙体建筑元件系统的重要部分。
背景技术
在许多情况下，需要以廉价的方式快速建造建筑物，以供临时使用或永久使用。这种情况可能与难民营、地震或海啸等重大灾害情况有关，也可能与不那么紧迫的情况有关，例如改善贫困地区的建筑质量。
另一方面，塑料废料已成为岸边和近海的一个巨大且日益严重的环境问题。理想的情况是通过使用构成第二个提到的问题的废料作为原材料来解决第一个提到的问题。
本发明正是为了做到这一点，寻找塑料废料作为墙体建筑元件系统中的原材料的用途，该墙体建筑元件系统允许在最短的时间内组装出体面且可靠标准的建筑物。
许多模块化建筑系统是已知的，主要基于常规材料并且适合作为永久性建筑，例如高标准的公寓楼或住宅。在规模的另一端，已经提出了基于标准容器的帐篷和模块化建筑系统。
US2014/0059961A1教导了隔热复合板，其包括不可燃的水泥基材料层和隔热材料芯部。
US2009/0205277A1描述了一种五层的面板系统，具有中心板层、中心层两侧的绝缘层和再次覆盖绝缘层外侧的外板层。
WO2004/076764A1教导了一种墙体或天花板元件，其包括围绕泡沫聚苯乙烯层的外部板形木材层。
在EP2966235A1中描述了一种更复杂的建筑块，包括中心绝缘层、板层和纵向延伸的加强元件。
本发明在问题处理方式以及技术性方面不同于现有技术的建筑元件。
发明内容
根据第一方面，本发明涉及如权利要求1所限定的墙体建筑元件系统。
根据第二方面，本发明涉及如权利要求5限定的预制墙体建筑元件或模块。
本发明的优选实施例由从属权利要求公开。
使用根据本发明的墙体建筑元件系统，可以在任何平坦表面上快速且低成本地建筑临时或永久性建筑物。建筑系统的主要部件是包括承重中心芯部的墙体建筑元件，通常由刚性合成材料制成，优选回收或废弃塑料材料或包括此类塑料材料的复合产品、胶合板或类似物。墙体建筑元件还包括形状稳定的隔热材料层，优选地由泡沫回收或废弃塑料材料制成。这些元件适用于与类似元件水平地和竖向地组合，从而构成墙体。在这些墙体建筑元件的每个水平层之间，特别改装的H形梁或轨道布置成以安全可靠的方式在竖向方向上传递载荷。这些H形梁专门适用于墙体建筑元件的顶侧表面和底侧表面，以确保竖向力正确地在每个墙体建筑元件的芯部构件的高度之间传递，并确保墙体建筑元件的相对较弱但基本上刚性的隔热层没有过载。
一栋完整的建筑物将始终包括至少一个外门，并且通常但不一定包括许多窗户。窗户和门通常可以以两种替代方式中的一种方式适应根据本发明的原理建造的建筑物。一种方法是切出所需的开口，通常使用电动锯切/切割机，然后放入或多或少为标准类型的门或窗，包括框架。以这种方式组装在基本墙体建筑元件中的窗框可以设置有木、金属或合成材料的下梁，其轮廓对应于墙体建筑元件的最下侧边缘，适于安装在根据本发明的一段H形梁的顶部。类似地，窗框的最上侧边缘可以具有类似于墙体建筑元件的顶侧边缘的轮廓，因此适应于作为本申请系统一部分的H形梁的最下部。在这种情况下，切出开口的下侧和上侧可以在组装之前设置有H形梁。如果窗框具有足够的承重能力，那么这使得一旦组装在墙体中，窗户/框架就成为墙体的承重结构的一部分。
使门窗适应本发明的另一种方式是包括具有与任何其它基本墙体建筑元件相同尺寸的生产元件，其中门框或窗框已经作为预制元件包括在内，确保最终用户在建筑组装过程中既不需要进行任何切割，也不需要进行任何类型的调整。另一方面，该替代方案需要更多数量的替代建筑元件，特别是在最终用户应被允许在不同的窗户和/或门尺寸之间进行选择的情况下。虽然在建筑物的组装过程中需要进行门窗的组装操作，但其制造方式并不是本发明的要素，因此在此不作进一步详细讨论。
形状稳定的隔热材料层通常会表现出包括抗紫外线和防潮在内的特性，并且可以在基本墙体建筑元件的外侧提供抗紫外线和/或防潮材料的聚合物涂层，以确保在防潮和防阳光方面具有长期持久的性能。
虽然承重芯部构件和隔热层的具体材料可能不同，但通常两者都由回收塑料材料构成。隔热层的材料在不影响其形状稳定性的情况下被发泡至所需的密度。在商业建筑中，估计使用的材料中约有60％是可回收塑料材料。
隔热材料通常富含聚乙烯(PE)。也可以使用其它塑料材料，但由于它们大量可用，因此也优选所提到的那些。隔热层被高度发泡并且可以具有约28kg/m3的密度(小于水密度的3％)。对于本发明的目的，这种密度的膨胀或发泡聚乙烯仍然是形状稳定的并且功能良好。
聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料也可用于本发明，例如用于屋顶等，然而屋顶并未被本发明涵盖。
承重芯部构件通常可以由选自由以下构成的组的材料构成：蜂窝聚合物结构、优选包括回收的聚合物材料、复合材料、胶合板或它们的组合，并且密度通常约为80-130kg/m3，即仍然是在水密度的8-13％范围内的密度。已发现按ASTM C365-57定义的压缩模量表示的承重能力约为20MPa(约200atm)。用于承重芯部构件的聚合物通常包括聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)中的至少一种，后者通常仅用作涂层材料。
对于方便的元件厚度，根据本发明的基本墙体建筑元件的比重通常在25-30kg/m2的范围内。虽然可以假设这样的轻型结构在强风中很容易受到损坏，但测试表明，根据本发明建筑的建筑物出奇地稳定。这被认为是由于所有元件与其它元件接合的方式而产生的结果。此外，建筑物由封闭建筑物并将墙体连接在一起的屋顶结构进行稳定，防止风进入内部。然而，屋顶结构不是本发明的一部分，因此在此不作任何详细描述。任何常规的屋顶结构都可以用于为本发明的墙体建筑元件提供屋顶。
根据本发明的基本墙体建筑元件的平方尺寸可以在很宽的范围内变化，这取决于建筑物的类型、位置、可用的运输和组装方式等。例如，在起重机或类似物不可用于将元件提升和定位到它们的预期位置和取向的情况下，元件优选地不应大于允许两个人手动处理的大小。一个元件可以具有对应于楼层的高度，例如2.4米。如果这样一个元件的宽度为1.2米，则其平方尺寸为2.9米，其重量接近75公斤(假设比重为25kg/m2)。两个人很容易就能举起和组装这样重量的元件。
附图说明
图1a是根据本发明的一个实施例的两个基本墙体建筑元件在尚未组装的状态下的示意性俯视图。
图1b是图1中的两个基本墙体建筑元件组装后的示意性俯视图。
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的与图1a和1b所示的基本墙体建筑元件稍有不同的两个基本墙体建筑元件在尚未组装的状态下的示意性俯视图。
图3a是根据本发明的两个基本墙体建筑元件的示意性侧面短端视图，这两个基本墙体建筑元件一个在另一个之上，且未组装。
图3b是图3a的一部分的放大图。
图3c是图3a所示的元件组装后的示意性侧端视图。
图4a是图2所示的整个基本墙体建筑元件的示意性俯视图。
图4b是基本墙体建筑元件的优选实施例的示意性俯视图。
图4c是基本墙体建筑元件的另一个优选实施例的示意性俯视图。
图4d是基本墙体建筑元件的又一优选实施例的示意性俯视图。
图5a是图4d所示的基本墙体建筑元件的侧剖视图。
图5b是图4d所示的基本墙体建筑元件的变体的侧剖视图。
图6a是基本墙体建筑元件和底端元件的示意性侧端视图。
图6b是稍微不同的底端元件的示意性侧端视图。
图6c是底端元件的又一变体的示意性侧端视图。
图7是根据本发明的一个实施例的组装的墙体结构的示意性侧端视图。
图8是根据本发明的另一个实施例的组装的墙体结构的示意性侧端视图。
具体实施方式
图1a示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的两个墙体建筑元件11的端部部段，一个元件的最右侧部分和相邻的类似元件的最左侧部分。每个元件具有芯部构件12和隔热层13，芯部构件是承重元件，隔热层处于芯部构件的两侧上。芯部构件由具有足够抗压强度的材料制成，以承受当将元件组装成完整的墙体并将屋顶放置在墙体顶部上时施加的所有竖向力。隔热层13优选地由回收的塑料材料制成，该塑料材料随后被发泡至超过最小密度水平的密度。隔热层在刚性和尺寸稳定的意义上表现出完整性。
在墙体建筑元件的一个短边处，如图1a中最左侧元件的右侧部分所示，芯部构件从隔热层突出，从而形成榫12a。在墙体建筑元件的另一侧处，如图1中最右侧元件的左侧部分所示，芯部构件12与隔热层13相比是凹入的，从而形成槽12b，该槽的宽度适合于承重芯部构件12的宽度。
如图1b所示，还由于隔热层的固有刚度和尺寸稳定性，使得元件可以在侧向方向上根据榫槽原理进行组装。
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的墙体建筑元件的一个实施例的俯视图，其与图1a和图1b中所示的非常相似，唯一的区别在于，槽12b两侧的隔热层13呈锥形13b，以便于容易地组装墙体建筑元件。
图3a示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的两个墙体建筑元件的各部分的侧视图，类似于或等于图1a、1b中所示的。该视图是从每个元件的短端观察的视图，元件的最大水平延伸垂直于纸面。
在芯部构件12的顶部边缘的两侧且与其相邻的位置处，隔热层13具有凹入区域13a。在这些凹入区域13a中，隔热层与远离芯部构件12的隔热层的高度相比是凹入的，并且与芯部构件12相比也是凹入的。
在上部元件的底部处示出了类似的凹入区域13c。图3a还示出了承重芯部构件12在凹入区域13a上方沿竖向延伸但未完全延伸到隔热层13的顶部高度的事实。
H形梁14用于将上部墙体建筑元件连接到下方的墙体建筑元件。
图3b是图3a中圈出的细节的放大图。上面提到的高度差异在图3b中可以更清楚地看到。示出了墙体建筑元件的顶部处的三个高度，即隔热层的顶部高度L13、承重芯部构件12的顶部高度L12和隔热层13的凹入区域13a的高度L13a。可以理解，H形梁14的水平部分的宽度或厚度是高度L13和L12之间高度差的大约两倍，而H形梁的竖向延伸为高度L13和L13a之间的高度差的大约两倍。
类似地，在每个墙体建筑元件11的底部处，承重芯部构件12延伸到隔热层13的凹入区域13c下方，但不完全延伸到隔热层的最下侧高度。
根据本发明的一个方面的墙体建筑元件系统包括两个附加部件，一个是H形梁或轨道14，其适于装配在墙体建筑元件11的不同竖向层之间。H形梁的尺寸与凹入区域13a、13c的尺寸以及承重芯部构件12的顶部与隔热层13的顶部高度之间的高度差相适应。
图3c是图3a所示元件在组装位置的侧视图，使用H形梁14作为层之间的稳定构件和负载传递构件。H形梁可以由任何坚固、稳定的材料制成。通常，H形梁14由轻金属、复合材料或致密塑料材料制成，其密度和抗压强度远高于隔热层，并且至少与芯部构件12的密度和抗压强度相当。每个H形梁14的长度可以不同于墙体建筑元件的水平延伸，并且不同H形梁元件之间的接头通常定位成不与墙体建筑元件之间的接头重合。虽然隔热层本身具有完整性和尺寸稳定性，但在每层墙体建筑元件之间存在H形梁仍然显著增强了完整的组装建筑结构的稳定性。
图4a示出了与图2中部分示出的相似的整个墙体建筑元件的俯视图。
图4b示意性地示出了根据本发明的墙体建筑元件的优选实施例的俯视图。与图4a所示实施例的不同之处在于，芯部构件12具有从芯部构件12的板状主体120两侧延伸的侧向肋121。主体120和肋通常浇铸成一体的结构，其竖向延伸通常与主体120相同，除了在隔热层的凹入区域13c中，肋121的竖向高度通常与凹入区域中的隔热层13的竖向高度L13a重合。从而允许肋121直接从下方支撑梁14。
图4c示意性地示出了与图4b中所示的相比略微不同的墙体建筑元件的变体，唯一的区别是从芯部构件的主体120延伸的肋121的数量增加。
图4d示出了又一种变体，其中肋对称地布置在芯部构件的主体120的两侧。
图4b-4c中所示的肋具有多种功能。它们用于使芯部构件12更加刚性和抗扭曲，它们用于支撑和稳定隔热层，并且在与H形梁14相互作用时，它们用于将在结构的竖向层之间传递的力分配到更大的区域上。此外，如下所述，它们用于稳定组装的墙体结构的不同竖向层，即使在侧向力方面也是如此。
优选地，肋121以固定的方式布置，等距且所有的肋相互平行布置。纵向方向通常是竖向的并且垂直于芯部构件12的主体120。侧向延伸通常略小于隔热层13的厚度，从而允许隔热层完全覆盖肋，同时允许隔热层作为一个连续元件而不是由肋隔开的多个较小元件。
图5a是沿图4d中的线V-V截取的侧剖视图，并且总体上示出了肋121相对于隔热层13的延伸或与隔热层13的比较。在凹入区域13a中，肋必须为H形梁14留出空间，因此呈现出(至少)与隔热层13的凹入区域13a的宽度相对应的平坦区域。通过跟随沿着凹入区域13a的最外侧的假想线处的隔热层13的向上90度角，肋甚至沿侧向为H形梁提供支撑，从而还在组装结构的竖向层之间的侧向力方面有助于组装结构的稳定性。
图5b示出了与图5a所示的稍有不同的变体，不同之处在于，肋121在沿着凹入区域13a的外侧的弯曲线处的向上角度略大于90度，使其略微更容易将H形梁安装到凹入区域13a中，同时仍然提供侧向支撑。
虽然图5a和5b中所示的肋121的轮廓基于图4d，但图4b和4c中所示的肋通常具有相似的轮廓，当与H形梁14一起组装在墙体结构的每个竖向层之间时有助于整个结构的稳定。
现在参考图6a。在最下侧的竖向排的墙体建筑元件11下方，使用了特定的底端(sole)元件15，其顶部设有适合于墙体建筑元件的底表面的轮廓。底端元件15的上表面因此具有延伸的凸缘15a，该凸缘配合到墙体建筑元件的凹入区域13c中，凸缘之间的槽15b为芯部构件的下端部留出空间，或者更具体地，为芯部构件的主体的下端部留出空间。底端元件的宽度适合于墙体建筑元件的宽度，即底端元件通常与墙体建筑元件一样宽，或者略宽于墙体建筑元件。
图6b示出了底端元件15的变体，不同之处在于下表面是波纹状的以略微穿透其放置的地面。图6c示出了另一种变体，其中下表面设有长钉以更深入地穿透地面。
图7示出了从墙体建筑元件的短端看到的组装的墙体结构的视图。墙体结构由底部的底端元件15以及经由H形梁14连接的三层墙体建筑元件11组成。图7示出了肋(阴影区域)从下方和上方围绕H形梁的事实，从而在沿侧向稳定墙体结构的同时经由H形梁沿竖向传递重量载荷。
图7还示出了屋顶的存在，但它不是本发明的一部分。
图7中未标明楼层数。三个元件相互叠加所覆盖的高度可能对应于一个或多个楼层。当遇到多于一个楼层时，通常会出现地板支撑元件(未示出)，例如柱、杆和/或梁(未示出)，因为根据本发明的墙体结构不是设计用于支撑地板。
图8示出了图7所示的墙体的变体，不同之处在于墙体元件相对较高，而且隔热层13外侧的上边缘和下边缘设计有防止在下雨时水穿过墙的倾斜部131。
附加特征和实施例
基本墙体建筑元件通常围绕中心承重芯部是对称的，但其外侧可能有一层特定的抗紫外线和/或防潮材料层。在图1-7中，所有基本墙体建筑元件在这方面都示出为对称的。
虽然墙体建筑元件的外侧和内侧可以彼此相同，但也有可能在外侧提供至少一个额外的层，以更好地防止潮湿和/或因阳光而变质。
虽然根据本发明的墙体建筑元件适用于组装完整的建筑物，除了屋顶之外，但这些元件也可用于在现有建筑物中提供隔热。
对于已经存在的建筑物中的组装，作为建筑物中的建筑物或作为现有建筑物中的隔热装置，基本墙体建筑元件可以采用更简单的设计，其中隔热层仅设置在芯部构件的一侧。这允许组装更轻的元件，其仍然提供所需程度的隔热但不需要表现出相同水平的承重能力，具体是因为由其制成的内墙体将不承重外屋顶。

Claims (12)

1.一种墙体建筑元件系统，其包括：
-底端元件(15)，其适于组装到底端上，该底端布置成支撑隔热的墙体建筑元件；
-基本墙体建筑元件(11)，其适于水平地和竖向地组装到墙体；以及
-梁(14)，其适于装配在基本墙体建筑元件(11)的每个水平层之间，
其特征在于，
-底端元件(15)的宽度与基本墙体建筑元件(11)的宽度相适应，并且底端元件的顶部轮廓与基本墙体建筑元件(11)的底侧相适应，
-基本墙体建筑元件(11)预制有中心承重芯部构件(12)和在芯部构件的两侧上的形状稳定的隔热层(13)，隔热层具有沿着芯部构件的顶侧的每一侧延伸的线性凹入区域(13a)以及沿着芯部构件的底侧的每一侧延伸的线性凹入区域(13c)，芯部构件(12)的顶部边缘(12c)和底部边缘(12d)从所述隔热层的凹入高度突出到隔热层的凹入高度(L13a)和隔热层的非凹入高度(L13)之间的高度，芯部构件(12)沿着每个基本墙体建筑元件的一个竖向侧突出以构成榫(12a)，同时芯部构件(12)沿着基本墙体建筑元件的相对侧凹入以构成适于接纳相邻墙体建筑元件的榫(12a)的槽(12b)，
-梁(14)具有“H”形轮廓，其宽度沿着芯部构件的两侧与线性凹入区域(13a)的总宽度相适应，并且其高度与墙体建筑元件(11)的顶部凹入区域(13a)和底部凹入区域(13c)的组合高度相适应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的墙体建筑元件系统，其中芯部构件(12)包括板状主体(120)，该板状主体设置有沿侧向延伸的、沿竖向取向的肋(121)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的墙体建筑元件系统，其中每个肋(121)具有与凹入区域(13a)的高度(L13a)重合的上边缘。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的墙体建筑元件系统，其中每个肋(121)沿着在凹入区域(13a)的最外端处的假想线具有向上弯曲部。
5.一种预制基本墙体建筑元件(11)，其包括承重芯部构件(12)，该承重芯部构件包括在其组装位置具有沿竖向取向的板状主体(120)，所述主体(120)至少在其一侧被隔热层(13)直接或间接地覆盖和附接，其特征在于，芯部构件(12)还包括肋(121)，所述肋从主体(120)沿侧向延伸，具有竖向取向，其侧向延伸小于隔热层(13)的厚度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的预制墙体建筑元件(11)，其还包括位于承重芯部构件(12)的主体(120)的两侧的隔热层(13)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的预制墙体建筑元件(11)，其还包括从承重芯部构件(12)的主体(120)的两侧沿侧向延伸的肋(121)。
8.根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的预制墙体建筑元件(11)，其中隔热层(13)由尺寸稳定的材料制成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的预制墙体建筑元件(11)，其中芯部构件(12)的板状主体(120)从沿着芯部构件(12)两侧的隔热层(13)的线性凹入区域沿竖向延伸。
10.根据权利要求5-9中任一项所述的预制墙体建筑元件(11)，其中隔热层(13)由密度为25-35kg/m3，例如28kg/m3的发泡再生塑料材料制成。
11.根据权利要求5-10中任一项所述的预制墙体建筑元件(11)，其中承重芯部构件(12)具有在80-130kg/m3范围内的密度并且主要包括选自由以下构成的组的材料：蜂窝聚合物结构、优选包括回收聚合物材料、复合材料、胶合板或它们的组合。
12.根据权利要求5-10中任一项所述的预制墙体建筑元件(11)，其中隔热层(13)外侧的上边缘和下边缘设计有倾斜部(131)。
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US20220259856A1 (en) 2022-08-18
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