CN114130358A - 一种高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维、以所述活性碳纤维制备的滤芯及其应用 - Google Patents
一种高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维、以所述活性碳纤维制备的滤芯及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维的制备方法,将纤维白毡完全浸渍在含有阻燃剂的改性溶液中,风干后先在200‑400℃下低温焙烧0.2‑3h,然后在400‑800℃下高温焙烧0.5‑3h,然后在600‑1000℃、在0.1MPa‑0.3MPa活化气氛下活化0.5‑5h,经常规整理后得到高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维。本发明通过以二段式焙烧法对经过改性的碳纤维进行碳化,所得活性碳纤维制备的滤芯不仅对水中余氯、重金属、三氯甲烷等体现出优异的吸附效果,而且对以土臭素和二甲基异莰醇为代表的嗅味物质的吸附也有显著的效果,有效的改善了水质环境,提高用户体验感。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及多孔材料的改性,特别涉及一种高效去除水中异味物质的活性碳纤维,还涉及以所述活性碳纤维制备的滤芯,以及所述膜的应用。
【背景技术】
目前我国自来水水源地以湖泊、水库为主,当水体发生富营养化情况时,水体内藻类大量生长,其代谢产物会造成水体发臭。由于水厂的常规氯气消毒方法无法去除这些生成异味的物质,因此经供水管道进入用户后会使人感知到异味。导致饮用水产生异味的嗅味物质的处理方法一直是国内外专家学者研究的热点,按照去除原理的不同大致可以分为物理吸附法、孔径截留法、化学氧化法、生物降解法和多种处理方式联用的处理方法。其中,饮用水处理中应用较多为膜过滤技术,根据孔径划分通常可分为微滤、超滤、纳滤和反渗透等。微滤和超滤由于较小的孔径能去除大部分大分子天然有机物,而对中、小分子有机物,尤其是微量有机物的去除效果较差。由于2-MIB的相对分子质量小,所以微滤和超滤难以去除这两种嗅味物质。而活性碳纤维材料是20世纪70年代发展起来的一种新型高效吸附剂,具有耐酸碱、耐高温、导电、传热等优点。与传统的粉末活性炭和颗粒活性炭相比,活性碳纤维具有吸附容量大,吸脱附速率快,容易再生等优点,对水中的有机物、重金属、微生物和细菌等都有良好的去除效果。因此,通过制备高比表面积、高微孔结构的活性碳纤维材料,能有效提高对饮用水中2-MIB的去除效果,进一步优化水质,提高用户体验。
中国发明专利申请CN 111139636 A公开了一种活性碳纤维催化剂的制备方法,包括配置浸渍液A和浸渍液B;浸渍液A是将阻燃剂、氯化铵和水配置而成,浸渍液B是将氰化氨、磷酸二氢铵和水配置而成;阻燃剂、氯化铵、氰化氨和磷酸二氢铵的加入量以质量的百分比均为2%~10%;将浸渍液A在水浴条件下混入浸渍液B中,搅拌均匀,在30~35℃下,反应2h,得到催化剂溶液。经过该催化剂溶液处理的活性碳纤维具有耐高温性能,此外其吸附能力得到提高。然而,寻求一种工艺简单、吸附性能更好、无污染的活性碳纤维并将其应用于嗅味物质的吸附技术中,依然是本领域的追求。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种制备工艺简单、吸附性能更好、无污染的可用于吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步:
(1)配置改性溶液
取阻燃剂均匀溶于水中得到改性溶液,所述阻燃剂选自磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、氯化铵、磷酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物,所述改性溶液中阻燃剂的浓度为以总质量计5%~30%;
(2)浸渍
将纤维白毡完全浸渍在改性溶液中2h-8h;
(3)碳化
将步骤(2)的纤维白毡风干后置于炉中焙烧,采用两段式焙烧法:先在200-400℃下低温焙烧0.2-3h,然后在400-800℃下高温焙烧0.5-3h;
(4)活化
将经过焙烧的纤维白毡在600-1000℃、在0.1MPa-0.3MPa活化气氛下活化0.5-5h,所述活化气氛是间歇交替的水蒸气和氮气,氮气间歇交替周期为0.2-1h,水蒸气间歇交替周期为0.3-4h。
(5)常规整理
经活化后的纤维白毡经去离子水清洗并干燥后得到高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维。
本发明中,一种优选的方法是采用磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、氯化铵、磷酸酯中的两种物质组成混合物作为阻燃剂。当采用两种或两种以上物质组成的混合物作为阻燃剂时,各物质的比例没有特别限定,只要它们的总浓度在本发明要求的范围内即可。采用混合物的优点是使得纤维白毡充分浸渍,提高碳收率。本领域技术人员也可以根据实际情况,选择适当的阻燃剂以使活性炭纤维获得良好的阻燃性能。
在本发明中,步骤(2)的纤维白毡可以是粘胶基纤维毡、PAN基纤维毡、沥青基纤维毡、酚醛基纤维毡或聚丙烯腈基纤维毡,所述纤维毡的纤维直径为2-20μm。这些纤维白毡都是市场上可以购买获得商品。
在本发明中,制备得到的高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维通过BJH比表面积测试法测得的比表面积为800-2200g/cm2。BJH法测得纤维内微孔结构发达,占总孔面积的60-80%。
在本发明中,步骤(4)中间歇交替的水蒸气和氮气是水蒸气0.3-4h与氮气0.2-1h交替进行。
本发明还提供上述活性碳纤维经过湿法成型工艺卷制而成的滤芯。湿法成型工艺是制备净水滤芯的常规方法,本领域技术人员可根据滤芯规格选择具体的制备参数,在此不做赘述。
基于此,本发明还提供上述活性碳纤维和上述活性炭滤芯在水处理中的应用,特别用于去除水中的嗅味物质。
本发明通过对纤维白毡进行改性处理,使得纤维白毡在碳化过程中保持稳定。通过两段式焙烧法进行碳化使得碳纤维表面的灰分、杂质等更好的排放出去,提高碳纤维的纯度。进一步地,焙烧后对产物进行活化,水蒸气和N2的交替使用有利于碳纤维在活化过程中造孔更加均匀,增大比表面积。通过BET等温氮气吸附脱附法测得该方法制备得到的活性碳纤维的比表面积通常在1500-2000m2/g之间,显著优于现有技术。
在本发明中,对经过改性的纤维白毡的碳化和活化是在同一个高温炉中进行的,只需调整炉温即可完成碳化和活化步骤,简化了作业程序步骤,同时避免未完成制作工序的纤维与空气过多接触,从而提高了产品纯度和洁净度。这种碳化、活化一步法的方式步骤简单,操作方便,具有绿色环保,经济实用,节能减排等优点。
以本发明的活性碳纤维制备的滤芯不仅对水中余氯、重金属、三氯甲烷等体现出优异的吸附效果,而且对以土臭素和二甲基异莰醇为代表的嗅味物质的吸附也有显著的效果,有效的改善了水质环境,提高用户体验感。
【附图说明】
图1为实施例1制备的活性碳纤维的比表面积吸附曲线图;
图2为实施例1制备的活性碳纤维的孔径分布图。
【具体实施方式】
以下实施例用于非限制性地解释本发明的技术方案。
在本发明中,如无特殊说明,用于解释浓度的“%”均为质量百分比,用于解释比例的“:”均为质量比。
实施例1
取氯化铵溶液、磷酸二氢铵溶液、阻燃剂混合均匀得到改性溶液,所述改性溶液中氯化铵、磷酸二氢铵和阻燃剂的比例为以溶液总质量计1%:5%。将平均直径为2.5μm的粘胶基纤维白毡完全浸渍在改性溶液中4h时间。
取出白毡,风干后置于炉中焙烧,先在200℃下低温焙烧3h,然后在600℃下高温焙烧1h,焙烧结束时炉内温度为600℃,然后通入0.11MPa间歇交替的水蒸气和氮气活化5h,水蒸气和氮气的间歇交替周期为0.5h,共10个周期。
取出纤维白毡,用去离子水清洗三遍,干燥后得到活性碳纤维。
通过BET等温氮气吸附脱附法测得该方法制备得到的活性碳纤维的比表面积总比表面积为1959.020m2/g,显著超过了普通活性碳纤维所具备的比表面积(约1000m2/g),平均孔径为2.90-3.00nm(如图2所示)。
参照滤芯的湿法成型制备方法,以所得活性碳纤维为原料,制备成活性炭滤芯,滤芯规格为32mm×10mm×17mm。
以质量浓度为100ppm的土臭素和质量浓度为100ppm的二甲基异莰醇的自来水溶液为测试液,在压力0.2MPa下通入滤芯,测定出水品质。
其中,出水中的土臭素和二甲基异莰醇的含量测定方法是:通过固相萃取仪对出水进行萃取浓缩,随后置于气相色谱-质谱仪中进样分析,然后采用Masshunter软件进行定量分析。
实施例2
与实施例1相同进行,区别在于改性溶液中氯化铵、磷酸二氢铵和阻燃剂的比例为2%:8%
实施例3
与实施例1相同进行,区别在于焙烧时不采用二段式焙烧法,而是在600℃下焙烧1h,然后进行相同的活化处理。
实施例4
与实施例1相同进行,区别在于焙烧后,不做活化处理,清洗干燥后作为对照品。
实施例5
与实施例1相同进行,区别在于将白毡与改性溶液浸渍后,不作焙烧、不作活化处理,清洗并干燥后作为对照品。
将各实施例制备得到的活性碳纤维通过相同的湿法成型工艺制备成滤芯,在相同条件下测试土臭素和二甲基异莰醇的去除能力,结果如表1所示:
表1:对土臭素和二甲基异莰醇的去除效果
以上结果显示,在制备改性纤维时,焙烧方法和活化处理均有利于提高滤芯对水中臭味物质的去除能力。其中,当焙烧采用二段式焙烧法,即现在较低的温度下进行低温焙烧,再进一步在高温下进行高温焙烧能够显著提高改性纤维对臭味物质的吸附性能。
本发明通过对纤维白毡进行改性处理,以二段式焙烧法碳化程序使得碳纤维表面的灰分、杂质等更好的排放出去,提高碳纤维的纯度。本发明的制备方法简单易用,所得活性碳纤维制备的滤芯不仅对水中余氯、重金属、三氯甲烷等体现出优异的吸附效果,而且对以土臭素和二甲基异莰醇为代表的嗅味物质的吸附也有显著的效果,有效的改善了水质环境,提高用户体验感。
Claims (7)
1.一种高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步:
(1)配置改性溶液
取阻燃剂均匀溶于水中得到改性溶液,所述阻燃剂选自磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、氯化铵、磷酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物,所述改性溶液中阻燃剂的浓度为以总质量计5%~30%;
(2)浸渍
将纤维白毡完全浸渍在改性溶液中2h-8h;
(3)碳化
将步骤(2)的纤维白毡风干后置于炉中,先在200-400℃下低温焙烧0.2-3h,然后在400-800℃下高温焙烧0.5-3h;
(4)活化
将经过焙烧的纤维白毡在600-1000℃、在0.1MPa-0.3MPa活化气氛下活化0.5-5h,所述活化气氛是间歇交替的水蒸气和氮气;
(5)常规整理
经活化后的纤维白毡经去离子水清洗并干燥后得到高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)的纤维白毡是粘胶基纤维毡、PAN基纤维毡、沥青基纤维毡、酚醛基纤维毡或聚丙烯腈基纤维毡,所述纤维毡的纤维直径为2-20μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述高效吸附嗅味物质的活性碳纤维的比表面积为800-2200g/cm2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)中间歇交替的水蒸气和氮气是水蒸气0.3-4h与氮气0.2-1h交替进行。
5.一种高效吸附嗅味物质的活性炭滤芯,其特征在于所述活性炭滤芯是以权利要求1-6中任一项权利要求所述的活性碳纤维经过湿法成型工艺卷制而成的滤芯。
6.权利要求1-4中任一项权利要求所述的活性碳纤维在水处理中的应用。
7.权利要求1所述的活性炭滤芯在在水处理中的应用。
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