CN114127210A - 用于涂覆基材的组合物、方法及其用途 - Google Patents
用于涂覆基材的组合物、方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114127210A CN114127210A CN202080046834.XA CN202080046834A CN114127210A CN 114127210 A CN114127210 A CN 114127210A CN 202080046834 A CN202080046834 A CN 202080046834A CN 114127210 A CN114127210 A CN 114127210A
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- ethoxylated
- alcohol
- polyethylene
- acetate
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- DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-ethylhexyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COS([O-])(=O)=O DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHOTVSOGTVKXEL-WJXVXWFNSA-K trisodium;(2s)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](C)N(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O OHOTVSOGTVKXEL-WJXVXWFNSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OHOTVSOGTVKXEL-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C(C)N(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O OHOTVSOGTVKXEL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于基材的新涂层。其具体地涉及用于由玻璃、丙烯酸、金属或它们的组合制成的基材的涂层的应用,特别是用于增加太阳能板/太阳能电池的效率。本公开还描述了应用方法及相应的用途。
Description
技术领域
本说明书涉及用于基材的新涂层,特别是在玻璃、丙烯酸(亚克力,acrylic)、金属或它们的组合的基材中的涂层的应用,特别是面板,优选太阳能电池或面板,其应用方法和用途。
背景技术
随着时间的推移,根据环境的不同,太阳能板的玻璃会变脏,导致能量产生减少。电池板需要维护,主要是定期清洗以去除积聚的污垢。
太阳能板水平放置或相对于地面几乎没有倾斜度,它们很容易积聚污垢、雨水、动物等,这导致太阳能的使用减少,从而导致能源生产效率的损失。如前所述,在六个月结束时,由于灰尘和颗粒的积累,太阳能板的效率会下降约50%(Adinoyi MJ,Said SAM.Effectof dust accumulation on the power outputs of solar photovoltaic modules,Elsevier J Renew Energy2013:633–6)。
为了克服这个问题,现有技术中已经存在一些太阳能板涂层以增加这种可再生能源的效率。然而,现有涂层并不是很有效,因为它们允许面板上积聚污垢和/或需要频繁清洗以保持面板功能。
现有技术的太阳能板涂层中普遍存在疏水性和亲水性的氧化钛,这使得自清洁极其缓慢。氧化钛,TiO2,由于其反应性降解有机化合物,其不能降解和去除无机沉积物,其构成大部分太阳能公园电池板和沙漠地区的灰尘如灰尘、沙子等。因此,TiO2的存在对面板涂层的影响实际上是无效的。
因此,需要开发一种既能清洗同时又能沉积保护膜的产品,这样污垢就不会那么容易粘附。
US5310720A描述了一种通过形成平坦化的聚硅氮烷层并氧化形成氧化物层来制造集成电路器件的方法,它描述了厚的二氧化硅平坦化层,该层能够通过将聚硅氮烷层在含氧气氛中烧制以将聚硅氮烷转化为二氧化硅抵抗通过将聚硅氮烷层涂覆到基材上而提供的热。公开的转化温度为400℃至450℃,然而为了获得更致密的氧化物层的目的,优选更高的烧制或固化温度。
CN107722283A描述了一种超硬有机硅疏水玻璃树脂,是指由超硬树脂制成的防污玻璃及其制造方法,特别是超硬、超润滑、防水、防雾和防污玻璃及其制造方法。该树脂的主要技术特点是能够克服耐磨性低、易吸水和油污等缺点,获得超硬膜,超硬膜是通过向硬膜液添加5%-13%的钛颗粒制成的。此外,采用离子辅助硬涂层技术生产多层减反射膜,其表面覆盖有高性能纳米量级膜,多层减反射膜具有可压缩性和滑动特性。
US5328768A描述了一种方法和装置,其中通过在包含二氧化硅底漆层的表面上用全氟烷基烷基硅烷和氟化烯烃调聚物处理,为玻璃基材提供更耐用的非润湿表面。
US6153304描述了一种用于施加到无机、有机或金属基材上的疏水涂层系统,即通过涂层系统提供具有低能量表面、永久防粘、防污和防冰表面的制品,该涂层系统包含施加包含具有抗粘和硬度性能的新型聚合材料的有22-28dyn/cm2的表面能的一次涂层,然后施加具有约18-21dyn/cm2的较低表面能的顶涂层,该顶涂层包含硅酮聚合物和用于使面涂层是永久性的指状突装置,优选包含适于润湿一次涂层的表面的双涂层或多官能有机化合物,将其化学或物理结合并将其与顶涂层中的硅聚合物物偶联。涂覆的基材可抵抗涂鸦标记和海洋污着生物的粘附,并且表面上的冻冰很容易去除。
发明内容
本公开的目的之一是提供一种太阳能板涂层组合物,其防止污垢在电池板表面积聚,从而增加太阳能利用的效率。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种组合物,该组合物确保太阳能板的功效持续至少12个月并且可以长达数年,且维护最少,从而降低与洗涤和维护相关的成本。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种生物可降解的抗静电组合物,其减少由维护太阳能板引起的环境影响,特别是关于水的浪费。
描述的这些事实是为了说明本发明解决的技术问题。
总体说明
在一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种用于增加基材,优选太阳能板或太阳能电池;更优选非玻璃体基材的效率(产率、产量,yield)的涂层组合物,其包含:
0.1至50%(w/w)的选自以下列表的活性化合物:四乙氧基硅烷、有机硅烷、镁盐、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、硅酮或它们的混合物;
8至99%(w/v)的选自以下列表的溶剂:水、C2-C10醇、乙酸丁酯、1-甲氧基-2-乙酸丙酯、2-丁氧基乙酸乙酯、2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酸乙酯、二丙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、或它们的混合物;
其中硅酮选自以下列表:聚[3-((2-氨基乙基)氨基)丙基]甲基(二甲基)硅氧烷、氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷、氨基丙基氨基乙基聚硅氧烷、烷基氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷、氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷、四乙氧基硅烷或它们的混合物;
和任选的增塑剂。
在一个实施方式中,本公开中描述的组合物包含:
0.1至50%(w/w)的活性化合物;
40至99%(w/v)的溶剂。
在一个实施方式中,乙酸丁酯为乙酸正丁酯或乙酸丁酯。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其包含:
1至50%(w/w)的活性化合物;
40至99%(w/v)的溶剂。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其包含:
5至40%(w/w)的活性化合物;
60至90%(w/v)的溶剂。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其包含:
30%(w/v)的醇;
0.2%(w/v)的防腐剂;
10%(w/v)的氨基丙基氨基乙基聚硅氧烷;
任选地其他组分或它们的混合物;
和至高100%(w/v)的水(余量的水)。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其包含:
30至40%(w/v)的乙醇;
50%(w/v)的水;
10%(w/v)的氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷;或
10%(w/v)的烷基氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中C2-C10醇是乙醇、丙醇或它们的混合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中活性化合物是镁盐、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、硅酮、或它们的混合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中活性成分是聚乙烯蜡、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和硅酮的混合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其进一步包含:
1至60%(w/v)的表面活性剂;优选非离子表面活性、阳离子表面活性、阴离子表面活性剂或它们的混合物;优选1至54%(w/v)。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其包含:
1至30%(w/v)的非离子表面活性剂,优选5至30%(w/v),更优选1至5%(w/v);
1至24%(w/v)的阳离子表面活性剂,优选4至24%(w/v),更优选1至5%(w/v)。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其进一步包含0.1至30%(w/v)的增塑剂,优选1至30%(w/v)的增塑剂,更优选1至5%(w/v)的增塑剂。
在一个实施方式中,增塑剂是聚乙烯蜡。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中非离子表面活性剂包含乙氧基化醇,优选乙氧基化C10醇。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中阳离子表面活性剂包含季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物(quaternary C12-C14alkyl methyl amineethoxylate methyl chloride)。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了包含以下化合物中的至少两种的组合物:
1至30%(w/v)的非离子表面活性剂,其包含乙氧基化C9-C11醇,优选乙氧基化C10醇;和
1至24%(w/v)的阳离子表面活性剂:季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物;
1至30%(w/v)的镁盐、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇、硅酮、四乙氧基硅烷或它们的混合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种包含以下所有化合物的组合物:
1至30%(w/v)的非离子表面活性剂,其包含乙氧基化C9-C11醇,优选乙氧基化C10醇;和
1至24%(w/v)的阳离子表面活性剂,其包含季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物;
1至30%(w/v)的镁盐、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇、硅酮、四乙氧基硅烷或它们的混合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中镁盐为氟化镁、氟硅酸镁或它们的混合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中活性成分为镁盐、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇和硅酮的混合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其进一步包含1至20%(w/v)的四乙氧基硅烷。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中基材是玻璃、金属、丙烯酸或它们的组合。
在一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种组合物,其中基材是玻璃质的(vitreous),优选玻璃。
在一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种增加太阳能板或太阳能电池产率的涂层组合物,其由以下项组成:
0.1至50%(w/w)的聚硅氮烷;
40-99%(w/v)的选自以下列表的溶剂:乙酸正丁酯、乙酸叔丁酯、1-甲氧基-2-乙酸丙酯、2-丁氧基乙酸乙酯、2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酸乙酯、或它们的混合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了本发明的涂层组合物作为防污剂(dirt-repellent agent)以及作为静水剂(hydrostatic agent)和疏水剂(hydrophobic agent)的用途。
在一个实施方式中,本公开描述了本发明的涂层组合物作为太阳能板或太阳能电池的效率增强剂(yield enhancer)的用途。
在进一步的实施方式中,本发明描述了包含本发明的涂层组合物的制品。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种玻璃、金属、丙烯酸或它们的组合物的制品,在其上沉积本发明的组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明公开了一种制品,该制品是太阳能电池或太阳能板,在该制品上沉积本发明的组合物。
附图说明
为了更容易理解,在此附上代表优选实施方式的附图,并不旨在限制本说明书的目的。
图1-具有样品涂层4的玻璃。
图2a)-具有水滴的玻璃;图2b)具有diomethane滴的玻璃。
图3-特定样品的反射能力分析。
具体实施方式
本描述涉及用于基材的新涂层。特别地,涂层在玻璃、丙烯酸、金属基材或它们的组合中的应用,特别是用于增加太阳能板/太阳能电池的效率。本公开还描述了其应用方法和用途。
本公开描述了一种用于基材,优选玻璃质基材的涂层组合物,其包含0.1至50%(w/w)的四乙氧基硅烷、有机硅烷、镁盐、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯、聚乙烯蜡、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、硅酮或它们的混合物,40%至99%(w/v)的溶剂和任选的增塑剂。
使用优选实施方式特别地描述了本公开。因此,本公开不仅限于所提供的描述和图示。使用这些是为了使本公开足够详细和全面。此外,附图的意图是为了说明的目的而不是为了限制的目的。
本公开包含用于涂覆具有防污(抗污)特性的基材,特别是玻璃的溶液,优选用于增加太阳能板和/或电池的效率,或者用于用于窗户或其他应用的玻璃中。
在一个实施方式中,本公开的涂层清洁并保护表面免受污垢,使它们抗粘附、防污,出人意料地增加了太阳能板的效率。其他表面(例如金属)也可以使用这种类型的涂层进行保护,以防止它们被划伤和氧化。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的膜代表施加在玻璃表面上的一层涂层。
在一个实施方式中,面板需要在出厂时已经涂有本发明的涂层,以避免经常需要清洗,如通过实施例4至14的涂层的应用可见的。
在一个实施方式中,溶液是用于诸如玻璃(任何类型)、丙烯酸树脂、金属和所有种类材料的表面的涂层。
在一个实施方式中,本说明书的方法包含以下混合物:表面活性剂(非离子、阴离子或阳离子)、溶剂、螯合剂、聚合物、硅烷、原硅酸盐、颗粒、有机硅烷及其组合。
在一个实施方式中,溶液在表面上的应用范围为1ml/m2至500ml/m2,通过喷雾、浸渍或其他方式进行。
在一个实施方式中,本说明书的方法包含以下溶剂列表:水、正丙醇、乙醇、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸叔丁酯、1-甲氧基-2-乙酸丙酯(MPA)、2-丁氧基乙酸乙酯(BGA)、2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酸乙酯(BDGA)、二丙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚。
在一个实施方式中,活性成分可以是:聚合物,例如:聚乙二醇、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、硅酮、乙烯基;颗粒,例如:氟硅酸镁、二氧化硅、镁;硅烷,例如:氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷、羟基封端的聚[3-((2-氨基乙基)氨基)丙基]甲基(二甲基)硅氧烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氨基丙基氨基乙基聚硅氧烷,氨基改性3-[(2-氨基乙基)氨基]丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷、3-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、原硅酸盐、四乙氧基硅烷;增塑剂,例如:聚醚改性聚硅氧烷、热塑性丙烯酸树脂、乙酸丁酸纤维素。
在一个实施方式中,螯合剂可以是下列:
HEDP(依替膦酸)、ATMP(氨基三(亚甲基膦酸))、DTPMP(二亚乙基三氨基五(亚甲基膦酸))、HDTMP(六二氨基四(亚甲基膦酸)、HEMPA(羟乙基氨基-二(亚甲基膦酸))、PBTC(2-膦酰基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸)、BHMTMP(双(六亚甲基)三胺-五(甲基膦酸)酸)、EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)、MGDA(甲基甘氨酸二乙酸三钠盐)、NTA(次氮基三乙酸)或它们的混合物。
在一个实施方式中,本发明所述的组合物还可包含选自以下列表的表面活性剂:
·非离子表面活性剂,例如:7mol的环氧乙烷乙氧基化脂肪醇(以下简称EO)、乙氧基化C9-C11醇、乙氧基化C10醇、乙氧基化C9-C11醇、乙氧基化C9-C11醇(4EO)、乙氧基化C9-C11醇(6EO)、乙氧基化C9-C11醇(8EO)、乙氧基化C9-C11醇<2.5EO、乙氧基化C16-C18醇、丙氧基化乙氧基化C12-C14醇、乙氧基化C12-C14醇(1-2.5EO)、乙氧基化C12-C14(1-6EO)、乙氧基化C12-C14醇、乙氧基化C12-C14醇(5-15EO)、乙氧基化C16-C18醇、乙氧基化C6-C12醇、支化乙氧基化C11-C13醇、乙氧基化C9-C11醇、乙氧基化烷基酰胺、乙氧基化烷基胺2EO、乙氧基化烷基胺、丙胺、不饱和C12-C18和C18酰胺、N-(羟乙基)乙氧基化、乙氧基化椰子油烷基胺、乙氧基化牛油烷基胺(>5OE)、乙氧基化牛油烷基胺(1-4.5EO)、乙氧基化牛油烷基胺(10-15EO)、乙氧基化N-牛油烷基三亚甲基二胺、丙氧基化乙氧基化牛油烷基胺、丙氧基化和乙氧基化乙二胺(1-8.5EO)、乙氧基化甘油、乙氧基化油酰胺羊毛脂的乙氧基化丙烯酸酯(30摩尔EO)。
·阴离子表面活性剂:十二烷氧基聚(亚乙基氧基)乙基硫酸盐、酸磺酸钠盐、C14-C16羟基烷烃和C14-C16羟基烯烃、磺酸(LABSA)、烷基多聚葡萄糖苷、十二烷基磺基琥珀酸二钠、十二烷基肌氨酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、2-乙基己基硫酸钠、椰油酰谷氨酸钠。
·阳离子表面活性剂,例如:C12-C14季氯甲烷、乙氧基化烷基甲胺、C10-C20和C16-C18脂肪酸、乙氧基化季椰子胺、乙氧基化C12-C14季烷基甲胺、氯甲烷;季铵化合物:乙氧基化(2-氨基-2-氧代乙基)双(羟乙基)牛油烷基、氯化物、季胺化合物、(C16-C18和C18-不饱和、烷基)三甲基季胺化合物、烷基二甲基苄基C12-C16氯化物、苄基-烷基-C10-C16、苄基-C10-C16-烷基硫酸盐、苄基-C12-C18,烷基二甲基,硫氰酸盐,苄基-C14-C18-烷基二甲基,季胺化合物,双(氢化牛油烷基)二甲基、烷基乙基二甲基,乙基硫酸盐,烷基三甲基C16-C18、C20-C22-烷基三甲基、椰子(羟乙基)甲基烷基双,椰子烷基三甲基、甲基硫酸盐。
在一个实施方式中,本说明书的方法还包含以下列表的防腐剂试剂:苯扎氯铵、二癸基二甲基氯化铵、甲基异噻唑啉酮、异噻唑啉酮。
实施例
以下实施例旨在说明本发明的一些实施方式,而不是限制性的。
通过将本公开中描述的组合物沉积到玻璃上来进行所有以下实施例。
分析的参数是水和二氯甲烷与太阳能板的玻璃表面接触时形成的角度。使用该参数是因为通过该方法和该技术可以通过其接触角来测量涂层的疏水效果,从而获得角排斥值。
本发明的涂层在其他基材上的应用也是本发明应用范围的一部分,即由于最终产品的制剂在金属上的应用。在金属上应用涂层可防止金属上的氧化和铜绿形成。铜绿是一种化学物质,它是金属暴露于元素和气候中而自然形成的。
在本发明的范围内和在不同的实施方式中,已经产生了以下样品:
样品1:在一个实施方式中,加入89.8%(w/v)的水,然后加入0.2%(w/v)的防腐剂并搅拌。在搅拌下向先前的溶液中加入1%(w/v)的DTPMP-随后加入5%(w/v)的乙氧基化C9-C11醇、乙氧基化C10醇,然后4%(w/v)的季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物(quaternary C12-C14 alkyl methyl amine ethoxylate methyl chloride)。搅拌20分钟。
样品2:在一个实施方式中,加入85.8%(w/v)的水,然后加入0.2%(w/v)的防腐剂并搅拌。在搅拌下向先前的溶液中加入1%(w/v)的DTPMP-随后加入5%(w/v)的乙氧基化C9-C11醇、乙氧基化C10醇,然后4%(w/v)的季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物。最后在连续搅拌下加入3%(w/v)的聚乙烯蜡和1%(w/v)的四乙氧基硅烷。搅拌20分钟。
样品3:在一个实施方式中,加入85.8%(w/v)的水/醇,然后加入0.2%(w/v)的防腐剂并搅拌。在搅拌下向先前的溶液中加入1%(w/v)的DTPMP-随后加入5%(w/v)的乙氧基化C9-C11醇、乙氧基化C10醇,然后4%(w/v)的季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物。最后在连续搅拌下加入5%(w/v)的聚乙烯蜡。搅拌20分钟。
样品4:在一个实施方式中,加入98.5%(w/v)的正丙醇,然后加入1.5%(w/v)的氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷或四乙氧基硅烷。
样品5:在一个实施方式中,在连续搅拌下加入93.5%(w/v)的正丙醇,然后加入1.5%(w/v)的四乙氧基硅烷、2%(w/v)的氟硅酸镁、3%(w/v)的聚乙二醇。搅拌20分钟。
样品6:在一个实施方式中,在连续搅拌下加入89.8%(w/v)的水或醇,然后加入0.2%(w/v)的防腐剂并搅拌。在搅拌下向先前的溶液中加入10%(w/v)的氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷并在连续搅拌下。将pH值调节至4.0至5.5。搅拌20分钟。
样品7:在一个实施方式中,加入79%(w/v)的乙酸正丁酯,然后加入20%(w/v)的聚硅氮烷和1%的3-[(2-氨基乙基)氨基]丙基氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷,连续搅拌。搅拌10分钟。
样品8:在一个实施方式中,在连续搅拌下加入60%(w/v)的乙酸正丁酯,然后加入40%(w/v)的聚硅氮烷。搅拌10分钟。
样品9:在一个实施方式中,在连续搅拌下加入40%(w/v)的乙酸正丁酯和20%(w/v)的正丙醇,然后加入40%(w/v)的聚硅氮烷。搅拌10分钟。发现,在施加到玻璃样品上之后,产物没有在样品上均匀聚合。还应注意的是,聚硅氮烷与醇(如正丙醇)反应,释放出氢气和氨气。
样品10:在一个实施方式中,加入98%(w/v)的正丙醇或乙醇,然后加入2%(w/v)的环氧官能团:(3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷或3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷)。
样品11:在一个实施方式中,加入98%(w/v)的正丙醇或乙醇,然后加入丙烯酸酯官能团:2%(w/v)的甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯。
样品12:在一个实施方式中,加入74.8%(w/v)的水或醇,然后加入0.2%(w/v)的防腐剂并搅拌。在搅拌下向先前的溶液中加入1%(w/v)的DTPMP-随后加入5%的乙氧基化C9-C11醇、乙氧基化C10醇,然后4%(w/v)的季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物。在连续搅拌下加入2%(w/v)氟硅酸镁、3%(w/v)的聚乙烯蜡。最后加入10%(w/v)的烷基氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷或氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷。搅拌20分钟。
样品13:在一个实施方式中,加入68%(w/v)的丁基乙二醇和30%(w/v)的水或醇。在搅拌下向先前的溶液中加入2%(w/v)的氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷并在连续搅拌下。将pH值调节至4.0至5.5。搅拌20分钟。
样品14:在一个实施方式中,加入30-40%(w/v)的乙醇和50%(w/v)的水,然后在连续搅拌下加入10%(w/v)氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷或10%(w/v)的烷基氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷。将pH值调节到4.0至5.5。搅拌20分钟。
样品15:在一个实施方式中,样品3可制备成浓缩形式以进一步稀释。加入9.6%(w/v)的溶剂,优选为水或乙醇,然后加入0.4%(w/v)的防腐剂并搅拌。在搅拌下向先前的溶液中加入6%(w/v)的DTPMP,随后加入30%(w/v)的乙氧基化C9-C11醇、乙氧基化C10醇,然后加入24%(w/v)的季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物。在连续搅拌下还加入30%(w/v)的聚乙烯蜡。这样制备的样品可以储存并随后在其使用时稀释。
在一个实施方式中,进行了一些测试以评估本发明的基材涂层组合物是否有效疏水、抗紫外射线(UV)暴露、抗温度和抗由沙子引起的摩擦。
在一个实施方式中,图3示出了本公开的组合物在它们所施加到的基材中的使用导致所有光谱中的反射率降低(样品1-15)。下表示出了每个所述样品相对于玻璃的反射率降低平均值:
表1-相对于玻璃的降低平均值
测试1-疏水性
本测试的目的是测量玻璃表面的疏水性水平,高于70的值被认为是可接受的。
在该测试中,使用接触角测量方法进行表面张力分析。该测量评估涂层中液体和固体物质之间的接触强度。接触角(°)、固体表面自由能(γSA)、液体和固体之间的界面张力(γLS)和液体表面自由能(γLA)之间的关系,定义了杨氏方程(γSA=γSL+cos°)总表面能(γ)可以作为色散分量(Υd)和极性分量(Υp)的总和获得。液体和基材之间的界面能(ΥSL)可以按如下方式评估:
其中γd是色散分量,且γp是极性分量。通过将上述方程与杨氏方程的结果相结合,得到:
因此,在表2中示出了在本发明的每个样品中用水和diomethane测量的角度值。
表2-通过测量玻璃与水的接触角和玻璃与diomethane的接触角的玻璃表面疏水性指标,以及洗涤能力。
样品 | 与水的角(°) | 与diomethane的角(°) | 洗涤能力 |
玻璃 | 42 | 45 | - |
具有样品1的玻璃 | 42 | 45 | 是 |
具有样品2的玻璃 | 51 | 53 | 是 |
具有样品4的玻璃 | 107 | 96 | 否 |
具有样品6的玻璃 | 93 | 71 | 否 |
具有样品8的玻璃 | 93 | 69 | 否 |
具有样品9的玻璃 | 62 | 57 | 否 |
具有样品10的玻璃 | 48 | 47 | 否 |
具有样品11的玻璃 | 46 | 43 | 否 |
具有样品12的玻璃 | 86 | 68 | 是 |
具有样品13的玻璃 | 92 | 70 | 否 |
具有样品14的玻璃 | 95 | 73 | 否 |
在分析表2时,“洗涤能力”是指通过存在或不存在表面活性剂来洗涤玻璃的能力。
尽管样品4表现出更好的疏水性值,但样品6和8在长期内表现出更高的溶液稳定性,如在本发明的测试中可见。
测试2-抗紫外线暴露
本测试的目的是测量玻璃表面对紫外线暴露的抵抗力水平,高于70的值被认为是可接受的。
使用的方法是在具有和不具有本发明的涂层的情况下直接暴露太阳能板的玻璃表面。使用的条件如下:
紫外灯:UVA340 nm
辐照度:0.76W/m2
温度:60℃。
本测试基于ISO 4892-3(2016)标准。获得的结果示于下表3中。
表3-通过测量样品经受100小时、200小时和300小时的UVA光暴露的接触角得出的抗紫外线暴露指标。
通过该测试,我们能够模拟膜在与紫外线接触时是否发生任何降解,将接触角的减小作为降解因子。通过分析该表,可以得出结论,样品4是唯一显示出一些显着值变化的样品,因此表明在紫外线暴露下存在一些降解。
测试3-耐温性
本测试的目的是测量玻璃表面的耐温度水平,高于70的值被认为是可接受的。
在以下条件下对样品进行50次热循环:
温度斜坡=-40℃至85℃
湿度=0%。
表4–通过测量样品的接触角得出的耐温指标。
通过该测试,我们能够模拟膜在温度循环下是否发生任何降解,将接触角的减小作为降解因子。通过分析该表,没有样品显示出随热循环的降解。
测试4-抗沙摩擦
本测试的目的是通过模拟沙暴来模拟膜表面上的沙子摩擦,高于70的值被认为是可接受的。
本次测试使用了以下条件:
搅拌速度=300rpm
时间=3分钟
磨料=白刚玉直径40μm
室温
表5-沙测试样品的接触角。
沙测试是为了模拟在诸如沙暴的自然现象频繁发生的沙漠地区安装面板时沙子引起的摩擦。通过这种方式,可以分析膜对沙子引起的摩擦的抵抗力。
通过本测试,可以验证膜是否因表面上的沙子摩擦而发生任何降解,将接触角的减小作为降解的指标。通过分析表中所示的结果,没有一个样品在沙子摩擦的存在下表现出显着降解。
测试5-样品3与材料之间的相容性的评估
本测试的目的是分析样品3对构成太阳能板的材料的影响。为此目的,选择了两种不同的材料,如玻璃和塑料,进行实验测试。
在第一个实验中,将材料浸入样品3(浓缩的、未稀释的)溶液中8天(192小时),并使用色散能X射线光谱(EDX/EDS)进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析。二氧化硅(SiO2)和聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMMA)独立沉积在两个不同的板上。
二氧化硅和聚甲基丙烯酸酯分别用于模拟玻璃和聚合物,它们是太阳能板的组成部分。为了测试样品3对构成太阳能板的不同材料的影响,将洗涤产品的材料浸泡8天(192小时)。
材料的表征基于它们在浸入样品3溶液之前和之后的厚度测量。使用光学轮廓仪测量层的厚度。
在将材料浸入样品3溶液中8天后,测试的SiO2和PMMA层的厚度保持不变。可以得出结论,样品3在测试时间期间不会干扰SIO2和PMMA材料的厚度。
即使使用浓缩样品3,没有稀释和在8天后出现材料,对材料没有影响。
因此得出结论,在清洁太阳能板中使用样品3不会导致任何板材料的降解效应或劣化。
本发明当然决不限于本文件中描述的实施方式,并且本领域的普通技术人员可以预见到许多可能性来修改它并根据每种情况的要求用等效特性替代技术特性,如在所附权利要求定义的。
以下权利要求进一步定义了优选实施方式。
Claims (29)
1.用于增加太阳能板或太阳能电池的效率的涂层组合物,包含:
0.1至50%(w/w)的选自以下列表的活性化合物:四乙氧基硅烷、有机硅烷、镁盐、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、硅酮或它们的混合物;
8至99%(w/v)的选自以下列表的溶剂:水、C2-C10醇、乙酸丁酯、1-甲氧基-2-乙酸丙酯、2-丁氧基乙酸乙酯、2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酸乙酯、二丙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚或它们的混合物;
其中所述硅酮选自以下列表:聚[3-((2-氨基乙基)氨基)丙基]甲基(二甲基)硅氧烷、氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷、氨基丙基氨基乙基聚硅氧烷、烷基氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷、氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷、四乙氧基硅烷或它们的混合物;
和任选的增塑剂。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的组合物,包含:
0.1至50%(w/w)的活性化合物;
40至99%(w/v)的溶剂。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,包含:
1至50%(w/w)的活性化合物;
40至99%(w/v)的溶剂。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,包含:
5至40%(w/w)的活性化合物;
60至90%(w/v)的溶剂。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,包含:
30%(w/v)的醇;
0.2%(w/v)的防腐剂;
10%(w/v)的氨基丙基氨基乙基聚硅氧烷;
任选地其他组分或它们的混合物;
和至高100%(w/v)的水。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,包含:
30至40%(w/v)的乙醇;
50%(w/v)的水;
10%(w/v)的氨基改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷;或
10%(w/v)的烷基氨基官能化的聚硅氧烷。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述乙酸丁酯为乙酸正丁酯或乙酸叔丁酯。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述C2-C10醇是乙醇、丙醇或它们的混合物。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述活性化合物为镁盐、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、硅酮、或它们的混合物。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述活性化合物是聚乙烯蜡、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和硅酮的混合物。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,进一步包含:
1至60%(w/v)的表面活性剂;优选非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、或它们的混合物,优选1至54%(w/v)。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,包含:
1至30%(w/v)的非离子表面活性剂,优选5至30%(w/v);
1至24%(w/v)的阳离子表面活性剂,优选4至24%(w/v)。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,进一步包含0.1至30%(w/v)的增塑剂,优选1至30%(w/v)的增塑剂。
14.根据前述权利要求所述的组合物,其中所述增塑剂是聚乙烯蜡。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述非离子表面活性剂包含乙氧基化醇,优选乙氧基化C10醇。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述阳离子表面活性剂包含季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,包含以下化合物中的至少两种:
1至30%(w/v)的非离子表面活性剂,包含乙氧基化C9-C11醇,优选乙氧基化C10醇;和
1至24%(w/v)的阳离子表面活性剂:季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物;
1至30%(w/v)的镁盐、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇、硅酮、四乙氧基硅烷或它们的混合物。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,包含所有以下化合物:
1至30%(w/v)的非离子表面活性剂,包含乙氧基化C9-C11醇,优选乙氧基化C10醇;和
1至24%(w/v)的阳离子表面活性剂,包含季C12-C14烷基甲基胺乙氧基化甲基氯化物;
1至30%(w/v)的镁盐、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇、硅酮、四乙氧基硅烷或它们的混合物。
19.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述镁盐为氟化镁、氟硅酸镁或它们的混合物。
20.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述活性化合物为镁盐、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇和硅酮的混合物。
21.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,进一步包含1至20%(w/v)的四乙氧基硅烷。
22.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述基材是玻璃、金属、丙烯酸或它们的组合。
23.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述基材是玻璃。
24.用于增加太阳能板或太阳能电池的效率的涂层组合物,由以下项组成:
0.1至50%(w/w)的聚硅氮烷;
40-99%(w/v)的选自以下列表的溶剂:乙酸正丁酯、乙酸叔丁酯、1-甲氧基-2-乙酸丙酯、2-丁氧基乙酸乙酯、2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酸乙酯、苯或它们的混合物。
25.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涂层组合物作为防污剂以及作为流体静力剂和疏水剂的用途。
26.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涂层组合物作为太阳能板或太阳能电池的效率增强剂的用途。
27.包含前述权利要求中任一项所述的涂层组合物的制品。
28.根据前述权利要求所述的制品,其中所述制品由玻璃、金属、丙烯酸或它们的组合制成。
29.根据前述权利要求所述的制品,其中所述制品是太阳能电池或太阳能板。
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- 2020-06-23 BR BR112021025903A patent/BR112021025903A2/pt unknown
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- 2020-06-23 WO PCT/IB2020/055931 patent/WO2020261121A1/pt unknown
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CN115490436A (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-20 | 新福兴玻璃工业集团有限公司 | 一种减反射氟化镁镀膜玻璃及其在线制备方法 |
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CN115948116B (zh) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-11-21 | 西南交通大学 | 一种沥青路面分级超疏水抑冰涂层及其制备方法 |
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JP2022539052A (ja) | 2022-09-07 |
EP3992255A1 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
CL2024000334A1 (es) | 2024-08-23 |
CL2021003462A1 (es) | 2022-09-09 |
MX2021015608A (es) | 2022-04-06 |
KR20220024591A (ko) | 2022-03-03 |
BR112021025903A2 (pt) | 2022-02-08 |
WO2020261121A1 (pt) | 2020-12-30 |
CN117659865A (zh) | 2024-03-08 |
CA3144574A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
US20220251417A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
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