CN114075519A - 墓画大洋芽孢杆菌及其在对虾养殖和制备药物中的应用 - Google Patents
墓画大洋芽孢杆菌及其在对虾养殖和制备药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了墓画大洋芽孢杆菌、其培养方法,含其的对虾养殖饲料和制剂,及其在对虾养殖和制备药物中的应用。所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌为墓画大洋芽孢杆菌(Oceanobacillus picturae)B5,保藏编号为CGMCC No.19846。本发明所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌具有显著的益生性,可有效抑制对虾养殖病原菌如副溶血弧菌对对虾的致死性,降低对虾养殖的疾病风险;其胞外高效产酶能力可以帮助对虾对饲料的消化和吸收,促进对虾生长。将墓画大洋芽孢杆菌用于对虾养殖能够减少抗生素的使用,保证对虾的安全质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产微生物技术领域,具体地,涉及一种墓画大洋芽孢杆菌及其在对虾养殖和制备药物中的应用。
背景技术
随着海产品养殖集约化增加、环境恶化,导致对虾暴发性疾病频发。染病是影响对虾养殖产业健康发展的主要因素,病毒和细菌都可能是致病原,传统方法通常选择抗生素或化学药品来抵御细菌或病毒的感染,虽然可以起到消灭致病原的作用,但药物残留、致病菌产生耐药性等一系列问题,在造成损失的同时严重地制约了对虾养殖业的健康可持续发展。
在对虾养殖过程中,益生菌常作为生长促进剂、免疫增强剂、治疗剂、水质改善剂进行实际应用。而芽孢杆菌可转化为具有良好抗逆性的芽孢体,使其对高温、酸碱等恶劣环境抵抗力增强,这种耐受性增加了它作为益生菌的潜力。同时,芽孢杆菌不仅可产生抑菌物质增强宿主的先天免疫和适应性免疫,还可产生多种降解酶降解饲料中的蛋白、淀粉、脂肪,促进宿主生长。芽孢杆菌的高效、耐高温、无抗药性等优点,使其在对虾养殖防病中备受关注。因此,寻找具有安全、可持续性、能提升免疫力的芽孢杆菌产品对对虾养殖具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,针对对虾养殖中对虾易受病原菌影响而抵抗力降低、易发疾病甚至死亡、为治疗相关疾病过度使用抗生素、现有养殖方式无法充分促进对虾生长等不足,提供一种墓画大洋芽孢杆菌及其在对虾养殖和制备药物中的应用。目前尚未有墓画大洋芽孢杆菌应用于水产养殖的报道,而本发明的发明人在对虾体内意外分离得到一株墓画大洋芽孢杆菌(保藏编号CGMCC No.19846),所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌能够增强对虾免疫力,减少对虾常见病原菌导致的死亡,解决对虾养殖过程中疾病频发、抗生素过量使用的问题;同时,所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌还可充分促进对虾生长。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案之一是:一种墓画大洋芽孢杆菌,所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌为墓画大洋芽孢杆菌(Oceanobacillus picturae)B5,保藏编号为CGMCCNo.19846。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案之二是:一种培养如技术方案之一所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌的方法,包括以下步骤:在培养基中加入所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌后,培养所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌。优选地,所述培养基为2216E培养基。
较佳地,所述培养的温度为25~32摄氏度,所述培养的时间为24-72小时,所述培养基的pH为6.8~7.5。优选地,所述培养的温度为28摄氏度,所述培养的时间为48小时,所述培养基的pH为7.0。
较佳地,所述培养还包括在所述培养基中加入的所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌为1%的种子液,所述种子液由从保藏的斜面或冻存管中提取的所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌加入至培养基中制备获得。所述百分比为体积百分比。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案之三是:一种用于对虾养殖的饲料,所述饲料为包含如技术方案之一所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌与对虾饲料的混合饲料。优选地,所述混合饲料中所述培养墓画大洋芽孢杆菌的终浓度为2×107cfu/g-2×109cfu/g,例如2×108cfu/g。更优选地,所述混合饲料还包括包裹在所述混合饲料表面的保护剂。进一步优选地,所述保护剂包括浓度为5.0-7.0g/kg的海藻酸钠溶液与浓度为7.0-9.0mL/kg的鱼油。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案之四是:一种对虾的养殖方法,使用如技术方案之三所述的饲料投喂对虾。优选地,将所述饲料按下列方式投喂:每日按照对虾体重的1-15%投喂所述混合饲料,分2-5次投喂。更优选地,每日按照对虾体重的4-8%投喂所述混合饲料,分4次投喂。进一步优选地,每次投喂前吸出剩余所述混合饲料和粪便。
较佳地,所述对虾为凡纳滨对虾。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案之五是:一种对虾养殖制剂,所述对虾养殖制剂包括墓画大洋芽孢杆菌和/或其代谢产物。优选地,所述对虾养殖制剂包括如技术方案之一所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌;更优选地,所述对虾养殖制剂还包括药学上可用的载体。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案之六是:一种墓画大洋芽孢杆菌在制备防治对虾疾病的药物中的应用。优选地,所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌为如技术方案之一所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌,所述药物为抑制对虾养殖中病原菌的药物。更优选地,所述病原菌包括副溶血弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和/或溶藻弧菌;和/或,所述对虾为凡纳滨对虾。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案之七是:一种墓画大洋芽孢杆菌属细菌在对虾养殖中的应用。优选地,所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌属细菌为如技术方案之一所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌。更优选地,所述对虾为凡纳滨对虾。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:本发明所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846具有良好的益生性,能显著抑制副溶血性弧菌等病原菌的毒性,减少疾病的发生,生产出安全健康的对虾。此外,所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846能够显著提高对虾机体中免疫酶活力(碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶);还可产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶,降解对虾饲料中的蛋白、淀粉以及脂肪,促进对虾生长。
生物材料保藏信息
本发明的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌,已于2020年5月19日保藏在中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心(CGMCC),保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编:100101,保藏编号为:CGMCC No.19846,培养物名称是Oceanobacillus picturae B5,分类命名是墓画大洋芽孢杆菌(Oceanobacillus picturae)。
附图说明
图1为墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846系统发育树;
图2为凡纳滨对虾副溶血弧菌注射攻毒试验结果图;
图3为饲料中添加本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846、对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353和对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867对凡纳滨对虾血清酸性磷酸酶活性的影响;
图4为饲料中添加本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846、对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353和对照大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867对凡纳滨对虾血清碱性磷酸酶活性的影响;
图5为饲料中添加本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846、对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353和对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867对凡纳滨对虾血清溶菌酶活性的影响;
图6为饲料中添加本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846、对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353和对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867对凡纳滨对虾血清超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
实施例中所用的培养基为:
2216E固体培养基:2216E琼脂培养基55.1g(氯化钠19.45g,氯化镁8.8g,蛋白胨5g,硫酸钠3.24g,氯化钙1.8g,酵母浸粉1g,氯化钾0.55g,碳酸氢钠0.16g,柠檬酸铁0.1g,溴化钾0.08g,氯化锶0.034g,硼酸0.022g,磷酸氢二钠0.008g,硅酸钠0.004g,氟化钠0.0024g,硝酸铵0.0016g,琼脂14g),加入1L蒸馏水中加热煮沸至完全溶解,121℃灭菌15min,即可。
2216E琼脂培养基购买于北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司;对虾膨化饲料为购自烟台大乐饲料有限公司的齐海牌南美白对虾配合饲料(货号1#料)。
实施例1各实验组饲料的制备
实验组1(B5组):将从凡纳滨对虾肠道中分离筛选的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCCNo.19846接种于2216E液体培养基中,置于28℃恒温摇床培养24h,4000rpm离心15min收集菌体,使用无菌生理盐水将菌体重悬为菌悬液。将菌悬液与凡纳滨对虾膨化饲料均匀混合,使得饲料中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846添加浓度为2×108cfu/g,之后以海藻酸钠加热溶解于蒸馏水中(5.0-7.0g/kg)和鱼油(7.0-9.0mL/kg)混合作为保护剂,包裹在饲料表面。阴干后,4℃保存备用。
实验组2(BS组):将枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353(来自于中国典型培养物保藏中心CCTCC),接种于LB液体培养基中,置于28℃恒温摇床培养24h,4000rpm离心15min收集菌体,使用无菌生理盐水将菌体重悬为菌悬液。与凡纳滨对虾膨化饲料混合均匀,使饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353终浓度为2×108cfu/g,之后按同样方法在饲料表面包裹保护剂,阴干备用。
实验组3(OP组):将墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867(购于生物风菌种保藏管理中心,菌种来源于德国微生物菌种保藏中心DSMZ),接种于2216E液体培养基中,置于28℃恒温摇床培养24h,4000rpm离心15min收集菌体,使用无菌生理盐水将菌体重悬为菌悬液。将菌悬液与凡纳滨对虾膨化饲料均匀混合,使得饲料中大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867.添加浓度为2×108cfu/g,之后按同样方法在饲料表面包裹保护剂,阴干备用。
空白对照组(CK):凡纳滨对虾膨化饲料按同样方法表面直接包裹一层保护剂,阴干备用。
实施例中凡纳滨对虾养殖及饲喂方法为:
凡纳滨对虾(L.vannamei)由辽宁省大连市庄河市金殿水产养殖厂提供。选取体长体重接近的凡纳滨对虾1500尾,暂养1周后,随机平均分配到9个玻璃钢养殖箱中(实验水体1m3),分为B5组、BS组、OP组和CK组四组,每组3个重复。
养殖期间,每日按照对虾体重的4-8%投喂饲料,分4次投喂(6:30,11:30,17:30,22:30),每次投喂前吸出剩余饵料和粪便。每日换水一次,日换水量为水箱容积的1/3至1/2。实验期间,维持水温26℃左右、盐度22、pH 7.5-8.5,连续适量充氧,溶氧量保持在6mg/L以上。
实施例2墓画大洋芽孢杆菌的分离和鉴定
1.墓画大洋芽孢杆菌的分离纯化:样品采集于大连市庄河市金殿水产养殖场,样品采集特征如下,凡纳滨对虾肠道:取体重12.37±0.18g,体长11.06±2.19cm的健康凡纳滨对虾,无菌条件下解剖健康凡纳滨对虾,5-10尾对虾为一组提取对虾的全肠于无菌离心管中,4℃保存备用;取对虾肠道置于灭菌研钵中,加1mL无菌生理盐水充分研磨匀浆,将匀浆液转移至无菌离心管中。将上述样品80℃水浴20±5min,分别接种至2216E液体培养基中28℃富集培养12-18h,随后使用无菌水对水浴后的培养液进行10-1-10-9梯度稀释,选取10-4-10-7的稀释液各吸取0.1mL涂布在2216E固体培养基上,28℃恒温培养24-48h,挑取不同形态的单菌落在2216E固体培养基上进行划线,并经多次划线纯化细菌。纯化的菌株逐一镜检,并通过革兰氏染色法和芽孢染色法确认是否为芽孢杆菌,将确认的菌株在4℃和-80℃进行短期和长期的保存,以备后续实验。
2.分离纯化出单菌落平板交由上海生物工程有限公司测序。采用MEGA6.0软件构建Neighbor-Joining Tree系统发育树,结果如图1所示,菌株与大洋芽孢杆菌属中的Oceanobacillus picturae LMG 19492T(AJ315060)聚为一支,相似度为99%。
实施例3凡纳滨对虾副溶血弧菌注射攻毒试验验证
采用副溶血弧菌攻毒试验方法检测凡纳滨对虾的抗病能力。攻毒试验使用副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus,来源于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,CGMCC 1.1997)接种于2216E液体培养基,28℃恒温摇床培养24h,4℃,4000rpm离心10min,收集菌体,用无菌生理盐水稀释至浓度为5.6×105cfu/mL的菌悬液备用。B5组、BS组、OP组和CK四组每组随机取48尾大小均匀的对虾置于60L的白色养殖桶中,每组3个重复,饥饿处理24h。在对虾的第二节腹肌进行副溶血弧菌注射攻毒,每尾注射25μL。注射完成后,每天正常投喂饲养及换水观察对虾死亡情况,记录在3h、6h、12h、24h、48h、96h、16 8h时对虾的死亡数,计算出对虾的累计死亡率,如图2所示。CK组168h后的累计死亡率为62.5%,而B5组的累计死亡率则为22.9%,显著低于对照组。BS组和OP组的168h累计死亡率分别为37.50%和43.75%,均低于CK组但差异不显著。即投喂本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846后,感染病原菌的凡纳滨对虾的累计死亡率有明显下降,且抗病能力强于BS组的对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB2010353,和OP组的对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867。证明本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846提升了凡纳滨对虾感染副溶血弧菌后的存活率,具有提升凡纳滨对虾的抗病力的作用。
实施例4饲料中添加不同芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾血清酶活力影响。
28d的养殖试验结束后,B5、BS、OP和CK四组每缸随机取30尾凡纳滨对虾饥饿处理24h。使用1mL无菌注射器从凡纳滨对虾围心腔内吸取血淋巴置于1.5mL无菌EP管中,与抗凝剂(柠檬酸0.48g,柠檬酸钠1.32g,葡萄糖1.47g,100mL定容,121℃灭菌20min。)等比例混合,4℃静置过夜。在4℃条件下,8000rpm离心10min,取上清检测血清酶活力。
凡纳滨对虾血清中酸性磷酸酶活性如图3所示,添加了本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846的B5组与CK组相比,对虾血清中酸性磷酸酶的活性显著提高(p<0.05);与对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867相比,差异不显著。同时,本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846对凡纳滨对虾酸性磷酸酶的促进作用低于对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB2010353。
凡纳滨对虾血清中碱性磷酸酶活性如图4所示,添加了本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846的B5组血清中的碱性磷酸酶活性优于添加对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB2010353的BS组和添加对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867的OP组,且显著高于CK组(p<0.001);
凡纳滨对虾血清中溶菌酶活性如图5所示,添加了本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846的B5组血清中的溶菌酶活性显著高于添加对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB2010353的BS组、添加对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM14867.的OP组和CK组(p<0.01);
凡纳滨对虾血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性如图6所示,添加了本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846的B5组血清中的超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于添加对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353的BS组(p<0.01)、添加对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867的OP组(p<0.001)和CK组(p<0.001)。
可见,本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846的添加可以对凡纳滨对虾的免疫力有确定的促进作用,且其增强对虾免疫力的能力优于同属的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM14867和常用于水生动物的益生菌枯草芽孢杆菌。
实施例5饲料中添加本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846对凡纳滨对虾胞外水解酶能力试验验证
将本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846、对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB2010353和对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867分别点种于淀粉培养基、脱脂牛乳培养基和脂肪培养基上,28℃恒温培养24h,观察产生淀粉水解圈、蛋白水解圈和Tween扩散圈的菌株。使用游标卡尺测量产生透明圈的菌落直径(Dc)和透明圈直径(Dh),以透明圈直径(Dh)与菌落直径(Dc)之比(Dh/Dc),如表1所示,证明本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌能够产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶,且产蛋白酶和脂肪酶能力均优于对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353和对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867,产淀粉酶能力优于同属的对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM14867。
表1墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846、对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867和对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353的产消化酶能力比较
注:数据以平均值±标准差的形式表示(n=3)。
实施例6饲料中添加不同芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾生长指标的影响
本实施例研究了饲料中添加本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846、对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353和对照大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867对凡纳滨对虾生长指标的影响。
养殖试验持续28d,试验开始前和结束后,测定记录对虾的平均体质量,并记录试验期间各组的投饵量,以计算对虾饲料利用率、生长率等生长指标。饲喂试验开始前和结束后分别对各组随机取30尾对虾,测定各组的体质量。各组的生长指标结果如表2所示,与CK组相比,饲料中添加本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846使得凡纳滨对虾的增重率提高47.1%,饲料利用率提高30.3%,特定生长率提高22.5%。BS组的各生长指标略高于B5组,但两组之间无显著差异。添加对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM14867.的OP组于CK组相比无显著差异。
表2饲料中添加本发明中墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846、对照枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC AB 2010353和对照墓画大洋芽孢杆菌DSM 14867对凡纳滨对虾生长指标的影响
此结果表明筛选得到的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.19846在饲料中添加可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能。
本发明提供了一种能够抑显著提高对虾免疫抗病能力的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌CGMCCNo.19846,该菌具有良好的益生性,能显著抑制副溶血性弧菌的毒性,减少疾病的发生,生产出安全健康的对虾产品。此外,该墓画大洋芽孢杆菌能够显著提高对虾机体中免疫酶活力(如碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶);还可产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶,应用于对虾养殖中,降解饲料中的蛋白、淀粉以及脂肪,促进对虾生长。
需要说明的是,以上所述的实施方案应理解为说明性的,而非限制本发明的保护范围,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种墓画大洋芽孢杆菌,其特征在于,所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌为墓画大洋芽孢杆菌(Oceanobacillus picturae)B5,保藏编号为CGMCC No.19846。
2.一种培养如权利要求1所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:在培养基中加入所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌后,培养所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌;优选地,所述培养基为2216E培养基。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述培养的温度为25~32摄氏度,所述培养的时间为24-72小时,所述培养基的pH为6.8~7.5;优选地,所述培养的温度为28摄氏度,所述培养的时间为48小时,所述培养基的pH为7.0。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述培养基中加入的所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌为1%的种子液。
5.一种用于对虾养殖的饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料为包含如权利要求1所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌与对虾饲料的混合饲料;优选地,所述混合饲料中所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌的终浓度为2×107cfu/g-2×109cfu/g,例如2×108cfu/g;更优选地,所述混合饲料还包括包裹在所述混合饲料表面的保护剂;进一步优选地,所述保护剂包括浓度为5.0-7.0g/kg的海藻酸钠溶液与浓度为7.0-9.0mL/kg的鱼油。
6.一种对虾的养殖方法,其特征在于,使用如权利要求5所述的饲料投喂对虾;优选地,将所述饲料按下列方式投喂:每日按照对虾体重的1-15%投喂所述混合饲料,分2-5次投喂;更优选地,每日按照对虾体重的4-8%投喂所述混合饲料,分4次投喂;进一步优选地,每次投喂前吸出剩余所述混合饲料和粪便。
7.如权利要求6所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述对虾为凡纳滨对虾。
8.一种对虾养殖制剂,其特征在于,所述对虾养殖制剂包括墓画大洋芽孢杆菌和/或其代谢产物;优选地,所述对虾养殖制剂包括如权利要求1所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌;更优选地,所述对虾养殖制剂还包括药学上可用的载体。
9.一种墓画大洋芽孢杆菌在制备防治对虾疾病的药物中的应用;优选地,所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌为如权利要求1所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌,所述药物为抑制对虾养殖中病原菌的药物;更优选地,所述病原菌包括副溶血弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和/或溶藻弧菌;和/或,所述对虾为凡纳滨对虾。
10.一种墓画大洋芽孢杆菌属细菌在对虾养殖中的应用;优选地,所述墓画大洋芽孢杆菌属细菌为如权利要求1所述的墓画大洋芽孢杆菌;更优选地,所述对虾为凡纳滨对虾。
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