CN114057870B - 用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体及其应用 - Google Patents
用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体及其应用，属于新冠病毒检测技术领域。标记抗体包括包含重链可变区和轻链可变区，其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.7、SEQ ID NO.8所示。该标记抗体能够与新冠病毒Delta突变株Spike蛋白上的T478K突变位点特异性结合，与常见的包被抗体联用，能够快速、精准、高效地检测和鉴别出新冠病毒Delta突变株，具有非常高的灵敏度和特异性，不仅能用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株的鉴定，制备相应的胶体金试纸条和检测试剂盒，还能用于制备相关的治疗药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新冠病毒检测技术领域，特别是用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体。
背景技术
新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株。人感染了冠状病毒后常见体征有呼吸道症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等；较严重时可导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、肾衰竭，甚至死亡。自新冠疫情爆发以来，随着新冠病毒本身的不断演进，突变速度越来越快。多种凶悍的新冠突变株来势汹汹，袭击全球，其在人群中的传播速度、感染效率和严重程度均有不同程度的提高，给人类疫情防控造成巨大困难。例如，近期流行的Delta突变株，其具备的3个重要突变L452R、T478K和P681R，致使其潜伏期变短、传播速度变快，以及感染力增加等特征，造成了Delta突变株的全球大流行。目前，国内外针对新冠病毒突变株的检测主要应用二代测序的方法检测。但是基于NGS的二代测序检测方法耗时且昂贵。市场迫切地需要一种能够快速又经济的平台对突变体进行准确检测。
现有技术中，例如中国专利申请CN113584232A提供了一种新型冠状病毒及其德尔塔突变株检测试剂盒及其检测方法，该方法提供了一种检测德尔塔突变株的引物探针组合。又例如中国专利申请CN113563475A提供了一种抗新型冠状病毒的双特异性抗体及其应用，该抗体对印度的B.1.617-1毒株(德尔塔毒株) 的中和活性极高。然而，这种双特异性抗体，其主要应用于制备治疗新冠病毒的药物和疫苗。本发明制备的标记抗体，则旨在可以通过与非突变位点表位抗体进行配对，组成免疫夹心检测方法，应用于胶体金检测试剂盒的开发，可以经济且速地检测新冠病毒的delta突变株。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体及其应用方法，利用该标记抗体能够实现新冠病毒Delta突变株的快速检测，该方法不仅可以检测新冠病毒，而且还可快速、精准地检测和鉴别新冠病毒Delta突变株。并应用于新冠病毒Delta突变株的快速检测试剂盒(例如胶体金、ELISA等)的开发，为全球防疫提供一种经济且有效检测的工具。有鉴于此，特提出本发明，具体通过以下技术实现。
用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体，包含重链可变区和轻链可变区；所述重链可变区包含氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示的CDR1、氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示的CDR2、氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示的CDR3，还包含氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示的FR1、氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.5所示的FR2，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.6所示的FR3，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.7 所示的FR4；
所述轻链可变区包含：氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.8所示的CDR1，氨基酸序列如SEQID NO.9所示的CDR2，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.10所示的CDR3，还包括氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNO.11所示的FR1、氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.12 所示的FR2，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.13所示的FR3，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.14所示的FR4。
上述重链和轻链的连接结构为FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4。
优选地，上述标记抗体中，所述重链可变区和轻链可变区通过天然肽键或肽链连接，或通过人工肽链连接。
优选地，重链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.7所示或经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能的蛋白的氨基酸序列，轻链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.8所示或经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能的蛋白的氨基酸序列。
本发明还提供了能够编码上述用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体的基因，所述重链的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.15所示，所述轻链的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO.16所示。本发明还提供了上述标记抗体的制备方法，采用以下步骤制备获得：
S1、构建重组人新型冠状病毒Delta突变株S1蛋白的真核表达质粒，经转染HEK293细胞进行表达，亲和层析柱纯化，获得纯化Delta突变株S1蛋白；
S2、使用纯化Delta突变株S1蛋白作为免疫原免疫小鼠，将从中获得的脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合为杂交瘤细胞；
S3、培养该杂交瘤细胞，并进行亚克隆筛选，获得分泌的单克隆抗体及杂交瘤细胞。
获得上述单克隆抗体后，进行Delta突变株S1蛋白突变位点表位抗体的筛选和鉴定；对筛选获得的标记抗体进行测序，获得标记抗体重链和轻链可变区序列。
本发明还提供了含有能够编码上述标记抗体的基因的生物材料，所述生物材料是重组DNA、表达盒、载体、宿主细胞、工程菌或细胞系。
针对上述标记抗体的应用方法和应用领域，用于制备纤维素膜上喷涂有金标的所述标记抗体的检测新型冠状病毒Delta突变株的胶体金试纸条；或用于制备含有所述的标记抗体的检测新型冠状病毒Delta突变株的酶联免疫试剂盒、胶体金试剂盒、化学发光免疫试剂盒；或通过基因技术，对所述标记抗体进行人源化构建，用于制备治疗新型冠状病毒Delta突变株的药物组合物。
优选地，上述标记抗体的应用方法中，在制备胶体金试纸条时，检测线上包被有包被抗体，质控线上包被有羊抗鼠IgG；在制备酶联免疫试剂盒时，包括含有所述标记抗体的试剂和含有所述包被抗体的试剂。
更优选地，所述包被抗体由1株或2株单克隆抗体组成，所述包被抗体与新冠病毒Delta突变株的Spike蛋白的NTD、RBD非突变区表位特异结合；
或者与氨基酸序列C端的非突变区保守序列表位特异结合；
或者与Spike蛋白的T19R，G142D，R158G，L452R，T478K，D614G，P681R 突变位点中的1或2个特异结合的单克隆抗体。
进一步优选地，所述包被抗体与新冠病毒Delta突变株的Spike蛋白的NTD、 RBD非突变区表位区特异结合。
以上所述的包被抗体可以选用市售常见的或是通过自身合成，且具有上述功能的抗体。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益之处在于：本发明提供的标记抗体，能够与新冠病毒Delta突变株Spike蛋白上的T478K突变位点特异性结合，将其与常见的用于新冠病毒检测的包被抗体联用后，能够快速、精准、高效地从新冠病毒感染人员中检测和鉴别出感染新冠病毒Delta突变株的人员，具有非常高的灵敏度和特异性。
附图说明
图1为实施例2的包被抗体与标记抗体的配对、筛选的结果；
图2为实施例2的包被抗体的组合包被评价的结果；
图3为实施例2的配对抗体特异性评价结果；
图4为实施例2的不同pH值条件下金颗粒颜色对比；
图5为实施例2的标记抗体与胶体金结合最佳pH优化；
图6为实施例2的试剂的灵敏度和特异性评价结果。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动条件下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。以下实施例中未注明具体条件的，均按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商的，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。本领域技术人员可参考本文内容进行适当改进以实现和应用本发明的技术，但是类似的替换和改动应视为包括在本发明公开的内容范围内。
实施例1：标记抗体制备、筛选方法
通过基因工程技术方法，构建重组人新型冠状病毒Delta突变株S1蛋白的真核表达质粒PTT5-HIS-S1，经转染HEK293细胞进行表达；Ni亲和层析柱一步纯化，获得纯度大于90％的Delta突变株S1蛋白。
使用纯化Delta突变株S1蛋白作为免疫原免疫小鼠，从中获得得的脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合为杂交瘤细胞。
培养该杂交瘤细胞，并进行亚克隆筛选，获得分泌的单克隆抗体及杂交瘤细胞。
使用Delta突变株S1蛋白为正筛选及未突变S1蛋白为负筛选，筛选获得针对Spike蛋白上的突变位点表位的打克隆抗体。
对筛选获得的抗体进行测序，获得标记抗体重链和轻链可变区序列。
按照上述方法获得的标记抗体共有7种，能够分别特异性地结合Spike蛋白上的突变位点Mab-19R、Mab-142D、Mab-158G、Mab-452R、Mab-478K、Mab-614G 和Mab-681R。
实施例2：包被抗体与标记抗体的配对、筛选，以及灵敏度、特异性检测
1、选择申请人公司按实施例1方法自行制备的抗新冠病毒Delta突变株Spike 蛋白抗体，其中NTD非突变区保守序列表位对应的抗体有Mab-N1、Mab-N2和 Mab-N3，RBD非突变区保守序列表位对应的抗体有Mab-R1、Mab-R2和Mab-R3，分别包被6株非突变区保守序列表位对应的抗体与羊抗鼠IgG抗体，作为T线和C线。
2、将按照实施例1的制备方法获得的7种标记抗体；分别与上述6种包被抗体两两配对；每组配对分别检测PBS缓冲液(空白对照)和分别稀释100倍、 1000倍、10000倍和20000倍的重组新冠病毒Delta突变株S1蛋白(100ng/ml，按实施例1方法自行制备)的稀释溶液样本，评价配对抗体的反应性。
筛选的部分结果如图1所示。通过上述筛选，获得反应性最高的包被抗体 Mab-N1、Mab-N2、Mab-R2、Mab-R3，以及标记抗体Mab-478K、Mab-681R、 Mab-452R、Mab-614G。
3、包被抗体的组合包被评价
(1)选择包被抗体Mab-N1和Mab-N2进行组合作为包被抗体，以Mab-478K 抗体作为标记抗体进行测试；
(2)选择包被抗体Mab-R2和Mab-R3进行组合作为包被抗体，以Mab-681R 抗体作为标记抗体进行测试；
(3)选择包被抗体Mab-N1和Mab-R1进行组合作为包被抗体，以Mab-452R 抗体作为标记抗体进行测试；
(4)选择包被抗体Mab-N2和Mab-R1进行组合作为包被抗体，以Mab-614G 抗体作为标记抗体进行测试。
上述4组配对分别检测PBS缓冲液(空白对照)和分别稀释100倍、1000 倍、10000倍和20000倍的重组新冠病毒Delta突变株S1蛋白(100ng/ml)的稀释溶液样本，评价配对抗体的反应性。
筛选的部分结果如图2所示。通过上述筛选，获得反应性最高的包被抗体组合为Mab-N1和Mab-N2，以及标记抗体Mab-478K。
4、配对抗体的灵敏度和特异性检测
选择步骤3中反应性最高的Mab-N1和Mab-N2抗体组合作为包被抗体，与 Mab-478K抗体标记进行配对(即配对抗体)，分别以重组新冠病毒Delta突变株S1蛋白(100ng/ml)稀释100倍、1000倍、10000倍和20000倍溶液样本和正常人咽拭子测试样本两份(H1和H2，样本来源于申请人公司员工自取样本)、 PBS缓冲液以及2份(100倍稀释)野生型灭活新冠病毒培养裂解液(W1和 W2，武汉生物制品研究所赠送)，评价各自样本中配对抗体的灵敏度和特异性。
上述配对抗体的特异性评价结果如图3所示
5、制备胶体金试纸条
(1)制备胶体金
取250ml三角瓶一个，加100ml双蒸水及1ml 1％氯化金，加热沸腾；取2.5ml 1％柠檬酸钠加入上述溶液中；混匀，再保持沸腾30min，溶液颜色首先变黑，再逐渐变红。粒子体积较小时，溶液呈桔红色，而粒子体积较大时，则颜色偏向紫色，如图4所示。
(2)标记抗体与胶体金结合最佳pH测定
分别在1.5ml EP管中加入1ml 40nM胶体金，分别加入用25mM K2CO3将 pH值分别调节为2.0、4.0、6.0和8.0；取1个96孔培养板，按pH值从低到高的顺序，分别将上述胶体金分别取100ul加入孔中，重复三次；每孔分别加入3ul 浓度为1mg/ml的纤维素酶，混合，室温下放置10-15min；每孔分别加入20ul 浓度为10％NaCl溶液，混合，室温下放置10min。
如图5所示，观察胶体金颜色变化，记录保持红色的最低pH值；并观察胶体金颜色变化直到室温下放置2h，记录仍保持红色的最低pH值。
(3)抗体的金标记
在两个1.5ml EP管中分别加入1.2ml 40nM胶体金，分别加入适量25mM K2CO3把pH值调整为4.0；向EP管中分别加入10ul浓度为1mg/ml的Mab-478K 抗体，混匀，室温放置10min；加入12ul 2％PEG20000，室温放置5min后， 10000rpm离心20min，轻轻吸除上清；用20ul BL溶液重悬浮松散的胶体金沉淀，并集中到新管中；取新标记的金标抗体在玻璃纤维膜上喷涂、干燥得到金结合物垫。
(4)反应膜制备
将Mab-N1和Mab-N2抗体等质量混合，调整浓度为1-2mg/ml，羊抗鼠IgG 调整浓度为1-2mg/ml；使用划膜仪将Mab-N1和Mab-N2抗体的混合包被抗体和羊抗鼠IgG分别划到硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)上，相应地形成检测线(T线)和质控线(C线)，得到反应膜。反应膜干燥后保存待用。
(5)组合试纸条
将样本垫、金结合物垫、反应膜、吸收垫按照常见的普通胶体金试纸条的制备方法，粘贴在PVC胶板上，使样本垫、金结合物垫、反应膜、吸收垫沿样品的流动方向依次排列，裁切得到胶体金试纸条。
6.试剂的灵敏度和特异性评价
使用按照步骤5组装制得的胶体金试纸条，分别检测当前流行的新冠病毒野生型和突变株，包括重组新冠病毒Delta突变株S1蛋白(100ng/ml)稀释100 倍、1000倍、10000倍和20000倍溶液样本，分别记为δ1、δ2、δ3和δ4；还包括正常人咽拭子测试样本两份(H1和H2)、野生型灭活新冠病毒培养裂解液(100 倍稀释)两份(W1和W2)、重组Alpha(B.1.1.7)株S1蛋白两份(α1和α2，按实施例1方法自行制备)、重组Beta(B.1.351)株S1蛋白两份(β1和β2，按实施例1方法自行制备)和重组Lambda(C.37)S1蛋白两份(λ1和λ2，按实施例1方法自行制备)，评价配对抗体的灵敏度和特异性。
评价结果如图6所示，由此可见，本发明新冠病毒Delta突变株的快速检测方法可以快速、精准地检测和鉴别新冠病毒Delta突变株，可以应用于新冠病毒 Delta突变株的胶体金快速检测试剂盒的开发。
本申请对新冠病毒Delta突变株的快速检测方法进行了一定程度的描述，部分条件在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的条件下的适当变化具有同等的效果。本申请不限于所述实施实例，而归于权利要求的范围，其包括所述每个因素的等同替换。
序列表
<110> 武汉奥科博泰生物科技有限公司
<120> 用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体及其应用
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Claims (7)
1.用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体，其特征在于，包含重链可变区和轻链可变区；所述重链可变区包含氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示的CDR1、氨基酸序列如SEQID NO.2所示的CDR2、氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示的CDR3，还包含氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNO.4所示的FR1，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.5所示的FR2，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.6所示的FR3，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.7所示的FR4；
所述轻链可变区包含：氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.8所示的CDR1，氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNO.9所示的CDR2，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.10所示的CDR3，还包括氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNO.11所示的FR1，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.12所示的FR2，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.13所示的FR3，氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.14所示的FR4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体，其特征在于，所述重链可变区和轻链可变区通过天然肽键或肽链连接，或通过人工肽链连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体，其特征在于，重链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.15所示或经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能的蛋白的氨基酸序列，轻链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.16所示或经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能的蛋白的氨基酸序列。
4.编码权利要求3所述的用于新型冠状病毒Delta突变株检测的标记抗体的基因，其特征在于，所述重链的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.17所示，所述轻链的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO.18所示。
5.含有编码权利要求3所述的标记抗体的基因的生物材料，其特征在于，所述生物材料是重组DNA、表达盒、载体、宿主细胞或细胞系。
6.权利要求1-3任一项所述的标记抗体的应用，求特征在于，用于制备纤维素膜上喷涂有金标的所述标记抗体的检测新型冠状病毒Delta突变株的胶体金试纸条；或用于制备含有所述的标记抗体的检测新型冠状病毒Delta突变株的酶联免疫试剂盒、胶体金试剂盒或化学发光免疫试剂盒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的标记抗体的应用，其特征在于，在制备胶体金试纸条时，检测线上包被有包被抗体，质控线上包被有羊抗鼠IgG；在制备酶联免疫试剂盒时，包括含有所述标记抗体的试剂和含有所述包被抗体的试剂。
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