CN114010730A - Duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114010730A CN114010730A CN202111125828.6A CN202111125828A CN114010730A CN 114010730 A CN114010730 A CN 114010730A CN 202111125828 A CN202111125828 A CN 202111125828A CN 114010730 A CN114010730 A CN 114010730A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/85—Verbenaceae (Verbena family)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
- A61K36/285—Aucklandia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
- A61K36/288—Taraxacum (dandelion)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/46—Eucommiaceae (Eucommia family), e.g. hardy rubber tree
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/899—Poaceae or Gramineae (Grass family), e.g. bamboo, corn or sugar cane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/331—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using water, e.g. cold water, infusion, tea, steam distillation, decoction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/39—Complex extraction schemes, e.g. fractionation or repeated extraction steps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/51—Concentration or drying of the extract, e.g. Lyophilisation, freeze-drying or spray-drying
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/53—Liquid-solid separation, e.g. centrifugation, sedimentation or crystallization
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding feeds, and particularly relates to a duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides and a preparation method thereof. The feed comprises 10-15 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 5-10 parts of dandelion, 15-25 parts of eclipta alba, 10-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-15 parts of elecampane, 5-10 parts of lophatherum gracile and 5-10 parts of albizia julibrissin. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding water into callicarpa nudiflora, dandelion, lophatherum gracile and eclipta alba, and extracting volatile oil by a steam distillation method; mixing the filter residue, Eucommiae cortex, radix aucklandiae and flos Albizziae, adding water, leaching, and reflux-extracting with 60-75% ethanol; and finally preparing the filtrate in each step into dry paste powder, and mixing the dry paste powder with the volatile oil and the rest eucommia bark powder to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition. The duck feed prepared by the invention can improve the weight gain rate and disease resistance of meat ducks; can also improve the laying rate of laying ducks and the quality of duck eggs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding feeds, and particularly relates to a duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The breeding of the laying ducks and the meat ducks is standardized in China, but the laying ducks are easy to have epidemic diseases characterized by rapid reduction of laying rate, no laying peak period or continuous low laying rate in the laying period, and some laying ducks have reduced feed intake and low or no death rate, thus causing economic loss of different degrees for laying duck farmers. Meanwhile, due to the influence of diseases such as influenza and the like, the breeding of meat ducks and egg ducks is greatly influenced. The most common treatment and prevention currently is phased administration of antibiotic therapy. However, abuse of antibiotics easily causes drug resistance, residues are generated in duck meat, and harm to human bodies is not small.
Therefore, the duck feed which is more nutritious, high in laying rate and high in safety and can improve the disease resistance of ducks and the preparation method are very important.
The Chinese invention patent CN103494030A discloses an laying duck feed with high egg yield, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60-80 parts of barley protein powder, 20-30 parts of dry white spirit lees, 220 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder, 60-80 parts of puffed soybean meal, 30-35 parts of alfalfa straw, 10-15 parts of tomato seedlings, 5-6 parts of parsley, 5-8 parts of carrot, 3-4 parts of pomegranate rind, 5-6 parts of eggshell powder, 2-3 parts of leech powder, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 4-5 parts of a phagostimulant, and the phagostimulant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of salted duck egg yolk, 1-2 parts of coix seed oil, 2-3 parts of black fungus, 2-3 parts of rose pollen, 1-2 parts of sunflower disc, 2-3 parts of sepiolite powder, 1-2 parts of coptis chinensis, 1-2 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 1-2 parts of lagochilus leiacanthus, 30-40 parts of flour and a proper amount of water. The laying duck feed provided by the invention is comprehensive in nutrition, has no chemical additive, and obviously improves the laying rate after continuous feeding. However, firstly, the raw materials are more, secondly, toxic medicinal materials such as leeches and the like are also contained, the safety and the cost performance of the laying duck are not high, and the laying rate is expected to be further improved.
Chinese invention patent CN103947890A discloses a feed for preventing and treating duck coccidiosis, a traditional Chinese medicine composition and a preparation method thereof, the feed comprises a basic feed, a microelement additive and a traditional Chinese medicine additive, and the traditional Chinese medicine additive comprises: areca seed, fructus toosendan, fructus carpesii, fructus ulmi, myrobalan, nutmeg, semen torreyae, cyrtomium rhizome, garlic, aloe, dried orange peel, rhizoma atractylodis, poria cocos, immature bitter orange, elecampane, fructus toosendan, hairyvein agrimony, beautyberry, flatstem milkvetch herb, humifuse euphorbia herb, cacumen biotae, reed rhizome, radix ophiopogonis, acantha, kadsura root and kadsura pepper stem. Similarly, although the invention has a plurality of medicinal ingredients, the invention has single treatment effect and only has certain effect of preventing and treating duck coccidiosis. Therefore, research and development of duck feed which has the advantages of reasonable medicine and flavor compatibility, simple prescription, disease resistance, high laying rate or high duck meat growth rate and the like are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides and a preparation method thereof. The duck feed prepared by the invention can improve the weight growth rate of meat ducks and improve the disease resistance; can also improve the laying rate of laying ducks and the quality of duck eggs.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 5-10 parts of dandelion, 15-25 parts of eclipta alba, 10-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-15 parts of elecampane, 5-10 parts of lophatherum gracile and 5-10 parts of albizia julibrissin.
Preferably, the duck feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 5-10 parts of dandelion, 15-20 parts of eclipta alba, 15-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-15 parts of elecampane, 5-8 parts of lophatherum gracile and 5-10 parts of albizia julibrissin.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the dandelion to the eclipta alba is 1: 2-3.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the callicarpa nudiflora to the eucommia ulmoides is 1: 1-2.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the costustoot to the lophatherum gracile to the albizia flower is 1-2: 1: 1.
the invention provides a preparation method of the duck feed, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding water into Callicarpa nudiflora, dandelion, lophatherum gracile and eclipta alba, extracting volatile oil by using a steam distillation method, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, 80-85% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia julibrissin, adding water for leaching, and filtering to obtain a filtrate 2 and a filter residue 2; adding ethanol into the filter residue 2, and performing reflux extraction to obtain a filtrate 3;
(3) mixing filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating, and drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) pulverizing the rest Eucommiae cortex, sieving, and mixing with the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
Preferably, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 8.5-9.0 after water is added in the step (1); the ratio of the mass of the added water to the total mass of the callicarpa nudiflora, the dandelion, the lophatherum gracile and the eclipta alba is 10-15: 1; the time of the steam distillation is 3-4 h.
Preferably, the ratio of the mass of the added water in the step (2) to the total mass of 80-85% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia flower is 7-10: 1, the leaching temperature is 50-70 ℃, the leaching time is 1-2h, the ethanol is 60-75% ethanol, and the reflux extraction time is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the sieving in step (4) is a 10-40 mesh sieve.
The invention further aims to provide application of the duck feed in preparation of duck feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, through specific compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines, dandelion and eclipta alba are taken as monarch medicines, the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and tonifying liver and kidney are achieved, callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides are taken as ministerial medicines, the effects of assisting eclipta alba in tonifying middle-jiao and replenishing vital essence are achieved, and elecampane, lophatherum gracile and albizia julibrissin are taken as adjuvant medicines, so that the effects of pungent dispersion and warm movement, qi regulating and collateral flow activating are achieved, and the effects of pungent dispersion and removing toxicity, tonifying and soothing nerves are achieved together.
(2) According to the invention, through optimizing the raw materials of the formula and researching the formula proportion, the obtained optimal formula is compared with a blank group after the meat duck is fed for 45 days, the duck body weight is obviously increased, the disease resistance is enhanced, the non-morbidity can reach more than 98%, the laying rate is obviously improved after the laying duck is fed for 45 days, the quality of each duck egg is improved, and the average weight gain is more than 6.8%.
(3) The invention further optimizes the extraction sequence of the medicine, extracts each component in multiple steps, and the prepared medicine composition has higher activity compared with the whole eucommia bark extraction and extraction at other temperatures, and has more obvious influence on the growth of the laying ducks and the meat ducks.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 5 parts of dandelion, 15 parts of eclipta alba, 15 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10 parts of elecampane, 5 parts of lophatherum gracile and 5 parts of albizia flower.
The preparation method of the duck feed comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 10 times of water into Callicarpa nudiflora, herba Taraxaci, folium Bambusae and Ecliptae herba, adjusting pH to 8.5 with sodium hydroxide, extracting volatile oil for 3 hr by steam distillation, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, 85% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia flower, adding 10 times of water, leaching for 1 hour at 70 ℃, and filtering to obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2; adding 75% ethanol into the filter residue 2, and performing reflux extraction for 2h to obtain a filtrate 3;
(3) mixing the filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) pulverizing the rest Eucommiae cortex, sieving with 10 mesh sieve, and mixing with the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
Example 2
A duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 10 parts of dandelion, 25 parts of eclipta alba, 10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 15 parts of elecampane, 10 parts of lophatherum gracile and 10 parts of albizia flower.
The preparation method of the duck feed comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 15 times of water into Callicarpa nudiflora, dandelion, lophatherum gracile and eclipta alba, adjusting pH to 8.5 with sodium hydroxide, extracting volatile oil for 4h by using a steam distillation method, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, 80% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia flower, adding 7 times of water, leaching for 2 hours at 50 ℃, and filtering to obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2; adding 60% ethanol into the filter residue 2, and extracting under reflux for 0.5h to obtain filtrate 3;
(3) mixing the filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) pulverizing the rest Eucommiae cortex, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, and mixing with the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
Example 3
A duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 8 parts of dandelion, 20 parts of eclipta alba, 20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 15 parts of elecampane, 8 parts of lophatherum gracile and 8 parts of albizia flower.
The preparation method of the duck feed comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 12 times of water into Callicarpa nudiflora, dandelion, lophatherum gracile and eclipta alba, adjusting pH to 9.0 with sodium hydroxide, extracting volatile oil for 3h by using a steam distillation method, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, 82% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia flower, adding 8 times of water, leaching for 1 hour at 60 ℃, and filtering to obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2; adding 65% ethanol into the filter residue 2, and performing reflux extraction for 1h to obtain a filtrate 3;
(3) mixing the filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) pulverizing the rest Eucommiae cortex, sieving with 10 mesh sieve, and mixing with the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that the callicarpa nudiflora is removed, the parts of callicarpa nudiflora are uniformly added to the use amounts of the dandelion, the eclipta alba and the eucommia ulmoides, and the rest is consistent with the example 3. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of dandelion, 25 parts of eclipta alba, 25 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 15 parts of elecampane, 8 parts of lophatherum gracile and 8 parts of albizia flower.
The preparation method of the duck feed comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 12 times of water into herba Taraxaci, folium Bambusae and Ecliptae herba, adjusting pH to 9.0 with sodium hydroxide, extracting volatile oil for 3 hr by steam distillation, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, 82% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia flower, adding 8 times of water, leaching for 1 hour at 60 ℃, and filtering to obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2; adding 65% ethanol into the filter residue 2, and performing reflux extraction for 1h to obtain a filtrate 3;
(3) mixing the filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) pulverizing the rest Eucommiae cortex, sieving with 10 mesh sieve, and mixing with the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that dandelion, eclipta alba and eucommia ulmoides are removed, the part of callicarpa nudiflora is adjusted to 63 parts, and the rest is consistent with the example 3. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 63 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 15 parts of elecampane, 8 parts of lophatherum gracile and 8 parts of albizia flower.
The preparation method of the duck feed comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 12 times of water into Callicarpa nudiflora and Lophatherum gracile, adjusting pH to 9.0 with sodium hydroxide, extracting volatile oil for 3h by steam distillation, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, radix aucklandiae and flos Albizziae, adding 8 times of water, leaching at 60 deg.C for 1h, and filtering to obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2; adding 65% ethanol into the filter residue 2, and performing reflux extraction for 1h to obtain a filtrate 3;
(3) mixing the filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) mixing the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is different from example 3 in the mass ratio of aucklandia root, lophatherum gracile and albizia flower. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 8 parts of dandelion, 20 parts of eclipta alba, 20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 8 parts of elecampane, 14 parts of lophatherum gracile and 9 parts of albizia flower.
The preparation method of the duck feed comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 12 times of water into Callicarpa nudiflora, dandelion, lophatherum gracile and eclipta alba, adjusting pH to 9.0 with sodium hydroxide, extracting volatile oil for 3h by using a steam distillation method, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, 82% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia flower, adding 8 times of water, leaching for 1 hour at 60 ℃, and filtering to obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2; adding 65% ethanol into the filter residue 2, and performing reflux extraction for 1h to obtain a filtrate 3;
(3) mixing the filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) pulverizing the rest Eucommiae cortex, sieving with 10 mesh sieve, and mixing with the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
Comparative example 4
The difference between this comparative example and example 3 is that eucommia ulmoides is extracted in its entirety. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 8 parts of dandelion, 20 parts of eclipta alba, 20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 15 parts of elecampane, 8 parts of lophatherum gracile and 8 parts of albizia flower.
The preparation method of the duck feed comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 12 times of water into Callicarpa nudiflora, dandelion, lophatherum gracile and eclipta alba, adjusting pH to 9.0 with sodium hydroxide, extracting volatile oil for 3h by using a steam distillation method, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia julibrissin, adding 8 times of water, heating, refluxing and extracting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain a filtrate 2 and a filter residue 2; adding 65% ethanol into the filter residue 2, and performing reflux extraction for 1h to obtain a filtrate 3;
(3) mixing the filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) mixing the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
Test examples
Laying ducks and meat ducks were randomly divided into an example 1 group, an example 2 group, an example 3 group, a comparative example 1 group, a comparative example 2 group, a comparative example 3 group, a comparative example 4 group and a blank group. Each group of laying ducks comprises 50 laying ducks and 50 meat ducks. The duck feeds prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4 are added into the daily duck feeds of laying ducks and meat ducks according to the mass ratio of 0.2%, the feeding is carried out at 9 am, 14 am and 19 pm, the feeding amount is 150 g/duck feed (calculated by the duck feeds), and the blank group is used for feeding the daily feeds for 45 days. The results of the influence of the egg quality, the weight gain of meat ducks and the infection resistance of the laying ducks fed by the duck feed are shown in table 1, wherein the weight gain of the duck eggs is the difference between the quality of the eggs laid by the laying ducks on the 45 th day and the quality of the eggs laid by the ducks fed for the first time, and the average value of each group is taken; the laying rate is 100 percent of the total number of eggs laid per the number of laying ducks fed for 45 days; the weight gain of the meat ducks is the difference value between the weight of the meat ducks at the 45 th day and the weight of the meat ducks before the first feeding, and the average value of each group is obtained; the disease resistance rate of the meat ducks is the ratio of the number of the meat ducks which are not infected with viruses and bacteria to the total number of the meat ducks within 45 days.
TABLE 1 Effect of Duck feed of the present invention on the growth of laying ducks and meat ducks
The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but these embodiments are only exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The duck feed containing callicarpa nudiflora and eucommia ulmoides is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 5-10 parts of dandelion, 15-25 parts of eclipta alba, 10-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-15 parts of elecampane, 5-10 parts of lophatherum gracile and 5-10 parts of albizia julibrissin.
2. The duck feed according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of callicarpa nudiflora, 5-10 parts of dandelion, 15-20 parts of eclipta alba, 15-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-15 parts of elecampane, 5-8 parts of lophatherum gracile and 5-10 parts of albizia julibrissin.
3. The duck feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of herba Taraxaci to Ecliptae herba is 1: 2-3.
4. The duck feed according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of callicarpa nudiflora to eucommia ulmoides is 1: 1-2.
5. The duck feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the costustoot to the lophatherum gracile to the albizia flower is 1-2: 1: 1.
6. a method for preparing a duck feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding water into Callicarpa nudiflora, dandelion, lophatherum gracile and eclipta alba, extracting volatile oil by using a steam distillation method, and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
(2) mixing the filter residue 1, 80-85% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia julibrissin, adding water for leaching, and filtering to obtain a filtrate 2 and a filter residue 2; adding ethanol into the filter residue 2, and performing reflux extraction to obtain a filtrate 3;
(3) mixing filtrate 1, filtrate 2 and filtrate 3, concentrating, and drying to obtain dry extract powder;
(4) pulverizing the rest Eucommiae cortex, sieving, and mixing with the dry extract powder and volatile oil.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted to 8.5 to 9.0 after the water is added in step (1); the ratio of the mass of the added water to the total mass of the callicarpa nudiflora, the dandelion, the lophatherum gracile and the eclipta alba is 10-15: 1; the time of the steam distillation is 3-4 h.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the mass of the water added in the step (2) to the total mass of 80-85% of eucommia ulmoides, elecampane and albizia julibrissin is 7-10: 1, the leaching temperature is 50-70 ℃, the leaching time is 1-2h, the ethanol is 60-75% ethanol, and the reflux extraction time is 0.5-2 h.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sieving in the step (4) is a 10-40 mesh sieving.
10. Use of the duck feed of any one of claims 1-5 in the preparation of a duck feed for laying ducks or meat ducks.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115812852A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-03-21 | 海南大学 | Composite natural plant feed additive and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102232998A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-11-09 | 北京康华远景科技有限公司 | Micro-ecological traditional Chinese medicine preparation for enhancing immunity of livestock and poultry, and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115812852A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-03-21 | 海南大学 | Composite natural plant feed additive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115812852B (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-09-29 | 海南大学 | Composite natural plant feed additive and preparation method and application thereof |
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