CN114009628A - Carp feed for improving muscle quality and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Carp feed for improving muscle quality and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114009628A
CN114009628A CN202111307905.XA CN202111307905A CN114009628A CN 114009628 A CN114009628 A CN 114009628A CN 202111307905 A CN202111307905 A CN 202111307905A CN 114009628 A CN114009628 A CN 114009628A
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feed
percent
chlorella
carp
cellulose
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范泽
王连生
吴迪
李晋南
张圆圆
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Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

A carp feed for improving muscle quality and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of feed preparation. The invention aims to solve the problems of low carp breeding cost and the like caused by high price of the protein source of the conventional carp feed, and the feed comprises 50-60% of chlorella, 2.8-12.8% of cellulose and 29-31% of jade in percentage by mass according to dry matterRice starch, 1% premix, 0.2% choline chloride, 3% Ca (H)2PO4)22% sodium carboxymethylcellulose; the method comprises the following steps: mixing Chlorella powder, cellulose, corn starch, premix, choline chloride, and Ca (H)2PO4)2And sodium carboxymethylcellulose are crushed and uniformly stirred into mixed powder; and (3) feeding the mixed powder into a lifter in a rolling way, carrying out steam conditioning, extruding by a double-screw puffing granulator, drying and cooling to obtain granules. The chlorella full-substituted soybean meal feed disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the growth performance and the feed utilization efficiency of carps, and can also obviously improve the muscle elasticity of carps, so that the carps are chewy and have better mouthfeel.

Description

Carp feed for improving muscle quality and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to a carp feed for improving muscle quality and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Carp as a main variety for pond culture has become one of the leading aquatic product freshwater culture varieties in China, and the yield always occupies the first three places in the world. However, as the price of the high-quality animal and plant protein sources (such as fish meal and bean pulp) is continuously increased and the yield is difficult to meet the increasing demand of aquaculture quantity, the carp aquaculture cost is increased, the profit margin is reduced, and the continuous and healthy development of the carp industry is not facilitated, a suitable way is found to effectively save the use amount of high-value proteins such as the fish meal and the bean pulp in the compound feed for the carps, and the utilization capacity of the high-value proteins in the feed is increased. An important way to save the use amount of high-value protein in fish feed is to use a plant protein source or a novel protein source for substitution. In the current research, the protein source selection mostly focuses on deep treatment of the existing protein source by physical or chemical means such as fermentation, enzymolysis, puffing, etc., and the research on the novel animal and plant protein source is still in the sprouting stage. The chlorella is an excellent single-cell feed protein source due to the advantages of rich protein content, reasonable amino acid composition, growth promoting factor, capability of improving the immunity of the organism and the like, and is expected to become a potential novel protein source for replacing fish meal or bean pulp in aquatic feeds. From the research index, mainly focus on growth, serum biochemistry, liver function, intestinal tissue structure and intestinal flora change. In recent years, with economic development, the living standard of people is continuously improved, the demand for aquatic products is continuously increased, and more consumers begin to pay attention to the quality of fish meat. Therefore, the influence of the novel protein source on the meat quality of the cultured fishes gradually becomes a focus of attention in the application of replacing the protein source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low carp breeding cost and the like caused by high protein source price of the existing carp feed, and provides the carp feed for improving the muscle quality and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a carp feed for improving muscle quality comprises, by mass, 50% -60% of chlorella, 2.8% -12.8% of cellulose, 29% -31% of corn starch, 1% of premix, 0.2% of choline chloride and 3% of Ca (H) calculated on the basis of dry matter2PO4)2And 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Preferably, the feed comprises 52.8 percent of chlorella, 10 percent of cellulose, 31 percent of corn starch, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride and 3 percent of Ca (H) according to mass percentage2PO4)2And 2% sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Preferably, the feed comprises 58.8 percent of chlorella, 6 percent of cellulose, 29 percent of corn starch, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride and 3 percent of Ca (H) according to mass percentage2PO4)2And 2% sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The preparation method of the carp feed for improving muscle quality specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing Chlorella powder, cellulose, corn starch, premix, choline chloride, and Ca (H)2PO4)2And sodium carboxymethylcellulose are crushed and uniformly stirred into mixed powder;
step two: and (3) feeding the mixed powder into a lifter in a rolling way, carrying out steam conditioning, extruding by a double-screw puffing granulator, drying and cooling to obtain granules.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the chlorella full-substituted soybean meal feed can obviously improve the growth performance and the feed utilization efficiency of carps, and can also obviously improve the muscle elasticity of carps, so that the carps are chewy and have better mouthfeel; effectively improves the content of essential amino acid of the carp, improves the composition of non-essential amino acid, increases the proportion of flavor development amino acid, and reveals that the chlorella can be a high-quality feed protein source for replacing bean pulp. Meanwhile, the chlorella can completely replace soybean meal, the addition amount of fish oil and soybean oil in the feed can be reduced, and high-value nutrient substances of the feed can be further saved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example 1:
the carp feed for improving muscle quality is characterized in that: calculated by dry matter, the feed comprises 52.8 percent of chlorella, 10 percent of cellulose, 31 percent of corn starch, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride and 3 percent of Ca (H) in percentage by mass2PO4)2And 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Note: the feed contains compound vitamins and trace elements: VE 60 mg/kg; VK35 mg/kg; VA 15000 IU/kg; VD33000 IU/kg; VB115 mg/kg; VB230 mg/kg; VB615 mg/kg; VB120.5 mg/kg; VC125 mg/kg; nicotinic acid 175 mg/kg; folic acid 5 mg/kg; inositol 1000 mg/kg; 2.51 mg/kg; calcium pantothenate (50 mg/kg); iron 25 mg/kg; 60mg/kg of zinc; copper 3 mg/kg; 15mg/kg of manganese; iodine 0.6 mg/kg; selenium 0.3 mg/kg.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1. mixing Chlorella powder, cellulose, corn starch, Yinghui 1% premix, choline chloride, and Ca (H) according to formula2PO4)2And sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are crushed and evenly stirred into mixed powder. 2. The mixed powder is loaded into a hoister for rolling feeding, and is subjected to steam tempering,and (4) extruding, drying and cooling by a double-screw puffing granulator in sequence to obtain granules.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example differs from example 1 in that the feed consists, in mass percent, on a dry matter basis, of 69.1% soybean meal, 10% cellulose, 9.7% corn starch, 2% fish oil, 3% soybean oil, 1% premix, 0.2% choline chloride, 3% Ca (H) and2PO4)2and 2% sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1. according to the formula, soybean meal, cellulose, corn starch, Yinghui 1% premix, choline chloride and Ca (H)2PO4)2And sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are crushed and evenly stirred into mixed powder. 2. And (3) feeding the mixed powder into a lifter in a rolling way, carrying out steam conditioning, extruding by a double-screw puffing granulator in sequence, drying and cooling to obtain granules. 3. Adding fish oil and soybean oil into the granules uniformly by oil injection to obtain the puffed feed.
TABLE 1 feed amino acid composition
Bean pulp group Chlorella group
Essential amino acids
Lysine 0.60 3.70
Phenylalanine 0.25 1.29
Leucine 0.59 4.33
Isoleucine 0.35 2.38
Threonine 0.55 2.64
Methionine 0.12 1.23
Valine 0.63 2.95
Histidine 0.04 0.59
Arginine 0.34 2.23
Non-essential amino acids
Aspartic acid 0.65 5.25
Glutamic acid 14.32 101.38
Serine 1.00 2.58
Glycine 1.24 4.35
Alanine 0.65 4.63
Tyrosine 0.18 1.00
Cysteine 0.10 0.18
Proline 2.29 2.26
When the carp is fed by the feed obtained in the above examples and comparative examples, the related performance indexes of the carp are measured, and the research is completed in the Holland laboratory of the Heilongjiang aquatic product research institute.After disinfection treatment, the mixture is placed in a temporary culture net cage (the specification is 1.0m multiplied by 2.0m) for acclimatization for 7 days, so that the mixture gradually adapts to the culture environment. After temporary rearing for 7 days, 180 healthy carps with initial body weight (251.17 + -7.33) g were selected and tested in a sinking net cage of 2.0m × 2.0m × 2.0m for 8 weeks. The bean pulp group and the chlorella group are set to be three times, the whole test period adopts a fixed daily feeding rate, and the daily feeding rate is 3 percent BW.d-1. The daily feeding time was set at 08:00am, 13:00pm and 17:30 pm. The quality of each net cage fish is measured 1 time every 14 days during the test period, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the set feeding rate. During the test, the water temperature is 28-32 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is about 6.0mg/L, and the pH is 7.6-8.0. The results are as follows:
(1) comparison of growth Performance Effect
The feed of the invention obviously improves the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency and reduces the feed coefficient. Compared with the soybean meal group, the average powder weight, the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate and the protein efficiency of the chlorella group carp are respectively improved by 13.17 percent, 46.47 percent, 33.33 percent and 46.97 percent, and the feed coefficient is reduced by 29.36 percent. The chlorella full-substituted soybean meal feed disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the growth performance of carps and improve the utilization efficiency of the feed.
TABLE 2 growth Performance effect comparison
Figure BDA0003340912230000041
Note: the data in the same row are marked with different lower case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). The following table is the same.
(2) Comparison of muscle texture parameters and effects
The feed provided by the invention can be used for remarkably improving the muscle texture parameters of carps and reducing the moisture content of muscles. Compared with the bean pulp group, the hardness, the adhesion degree, the elasticity, the adhesiveness and the chewiness of the chlorella group carp are higher than those of the bean pulp group, the hardness, the adhesiveness, the elasticity, the gumminess and the chewiness of the chlorella group carp are respectively improved by 91.57%, 88.88%, 16.09%, 83.60% and 103.45%, the shearing force and the drip loss are lower than those of the bean pulp group, and are respectively reduced by 5.09% and 39.16%. The invention shows that the chlorella completely replaces the soybean meal feed, so that the elasticity of the muscle of the carp can be obviously improved, and the carp is chewy and has better taste.
TABLE 3 comparison of muscle texture parameters and effects
Figure BDA0003340912230000042
(3) Muscle amino acid composition
The feed can effectively improve the essential amino acid content of the carp, and compared with a soybean meal group, the threonine content of the carp in the chlorella group is obviously improved by 4.33%; the feed can improve the composition of non-essential amino acids, increase the proportion of flavor-developing amino acids, reduce other non-essential amino acids except the flavor-developing amino acids, and remarkably reduce the proline content by 20.20 percent compared with a soybean meal group.
TABLE 4 muscle amino acid composition
Item Bean pulp group Chlorella group
Essential amino acids
Lysine 4.93±0.20 5.08±0.11
Phenylalanine 1.79±0.03 1.77±0.03
Leucine 5.49±0.30 5.76±0.08
Isoleucine 2.90±0.15 3.05±0.05
Threonine 3.00±0.48b 3.13±0.06a
Methionine 1.58±0.12 1.61±0.03
Valine 3.49±0.22 3.60±0.07
Histidine 0.89±0.01 0.77±0.02
Arginine 2.81±0.06 2.88±0.05
Flavor-developing amino acid
Asparagus aminoAcid(s) 6.00±0.87 6.60±0.21
Glutamic acid 113.83±8.01 126.13±4.22
Serine 3.05±0.40 3.10±0.06
Glycine 5.34±0.41 5.59±0.15
Non-essential amino acids other than flavour-developing amino acids
Alanine 5.61±0.41 5.72±0.13
Tyrosine 1.33±0.04 1.30±0.01
Cysteine 0.24±0.03 0.22±0.02
Proline 2.39±0.22a 1.99±0.04b

Claims (4)

1. The carp feed for improving muscle quality is characterized in that: calculated by dry matter, the feed comprises 50-60% of chlorella, 2.8-12.8% of cellulose, 29-31% of corn starch, 1% of premix, 0.2% of choline chloride and 3% of Ca (H) in percentage by mass2PO4)2And 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
2. The carp feed for improving muscle quality according to claim 1, wherein: the feed comprises 52.8 percent of chlorella, 10 percent of cellulose, 31 percent of corn starch, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride and 3 percent of Ca (H) according to mass percentage2PO4)2And 2% sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
3. The carp feed for improving muscle quality according to claim 1, wherein: the feed comprises 58.8 percent of chlorella, 6 percent of cellulose, 29 percent of corn starch, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride and 3 percent of Ca (H) according to mass percentage2PO4)2And 2% sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
4. A method for preparing a carp feed for improving muscle quality according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing Chlorella powder, cellulose, corn starch, premix, choline chloride, and Ca (H)2PO4)2And sodium carboxymethylcellulose are crushed and uniformly stirred into mixed powder;
step two: and (3) feeding the mixed powder into a lifter in a rolling way, carrying out steam conditioning, extruding by a double-screw puffing granulator, drying and cooling to obtain granules.
CN202111307905.XA 2021-11-05 2021-11-05 Carp feed for improving muscle quality and preparation method thereof Pending CN114009628A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114868845A (en) * 2022-04-14 2022-08-09 西北农林科技大学 Feed for improving body color of cyprinus carpio
CN115606714A (en) * 2022-09-27 2023-01-17 西北农林科技大学 Preparation method of chlorella perch feed for improving muscle quality of micropterus salmoides

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105495065A (en) * 2016-01-04 2016-04-20 通威股份有限公司 Gymnocypris przewalskii juvenile fish feed
CN106616055A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-10 中粮生物科技（北京）有限公司 Carp aquaculture feed and preparation method thereof
CN109497351A (en) * 2018-12-23 2019-03-22 上海海洋大学 A kind of functional fish meal and preparation method thereof based on selenium-rich chlorella

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105495065A (en) * 2016-01-04 2016-04-20 通威股份有限公司 Gymnocypris przewalskii juvenile fish feed
CN106616055A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-10 中粮生物科技（北京）有限公司 Carp aquaculture feed and preparation method thereof
CN109497351A (en) * 2018-12-23 2019-03-22 上海海洋大学 A kind of functional fish meal and preparation method thereof based on selenium-rich chlorella

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张宝龙等: "饲料中添加不同含量的小球藻对黄颡鱼生长及抗氧化能力的影响", 《科技资讯》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114868845A (en) * 2022-04-14 2022-08-09 西北农林科技大学 Feed for improving body color of cyprinus carpio
CN115606714A (en) * 2022-09-27 2023-01-17 西北农林科技大学 Preparation method of chlorella perch feed for improving muscle quality of micropterus salmoides

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Application publication date: 20220208