CN113558150A - Feed nutrient containing polyglutamic acid and application thereof - Google Patents

Feed nutrient containing polyglutamic acid and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113558150A
CN113558150A CN202110848606.0A CN202110848606A CN113558150A CN 113558150 A CN113558150 A CN 113558150A CN 202110848606 A CN202110848606 A CN 202110848606A CN 113558150 A CN113558150 A CN 113558150A
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feed
laying
laying hens
polyglutamic acid
egg
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殷文锋
雷鹏
冯小海
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Nanjing Xuankai Biotechnology Co Ltd
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Nanjing Xuankai Biotechnology Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed nutritional agent containing polyglutamic acid and application thereof, wherein the feed nutritional agent containing polyglutamic acid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-20% of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-30% of microbial powder, 2-3.2% of trace elements, 5-25% of calcium and the balance of organic matter carriers. After the nutritional agent is added into the laying hen feed, the laying hen can be helped to better grow and develop, the laying rate is improved, the laying time of the laying hen is prolonged, and the production performance of the laying hen in each period is integrally improved.

Description

Feed nutrient containing polyglutamic acid and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a feed nutritional agent containing polyglutamic acid and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, the laying hen industry in China is rapidly developed like bamboo shoots in spring after raining, and the breeding scale and the breeding mode are obviously changed compared with the previous breeding mode. In 2019, the large-scale laying hen breeding farm (more than 5 thousands) in China is increased by 15.4% compared with the prior breeding farm in ten years, and the egg consumption per month of residents is also increased continuously. The development of the laying hen feed as a life line of the laying hen industry is witnessed in recent years. The agricultural rural ministry stipulates that the use of feed antibiotics is prohibited comprehensively from 7 months in 2020, which causes little impact on the feed industry. It can be said that how to safely and efficiently improve the production performance of animals in the nonreactive era will be the main melody for a long time.
The polyglutamic acid is used as a special high-molecular polymer, a large number of carboxyl groups are arranged on the side chain, the existence of the groups enables the polyglutamic acid to have strong element chelating capacity, and the polyglutamic acid serving as a feed nutrient can chelate nutrient elements in various feeds and help laying hens to improve the absorption of the nutrient elements.
Chitosan oligosaccharide is the only cationic basic amino oligosaccharide with positive charge in nature, has the characteristics of good water solubility, large functional action, high biological activity, low molecular weight, easy absorption and utilization by organisms and the like, and is widely applied to the agricultural field at present.
The invention aims to compound polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, trace elements and other substances according to a proper proportion to prepare the nutritional additive suitable for being added into the feed of the laying hens, so that the laying hens are helped to better grow and develop, the egg laying performance is improved, the egg laying time of the laying hens is prolonged, and the production performance of the laying hens in each period is integrally improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a feed nutritional agent containing polyglutamic acid aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention also aims to solve the technical problem of providing the application of the feed nutrient.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the invention discloses a feed nutritional agent containing polyglutamic acid, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-20% of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-30% of microbial powder, 2-3.2% of trace elements, 5-25% of calcium and the balance of organic matter carriers.
Preferably, the feed nutrient containing polyglutamic acid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2-16% of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 2-16% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 15-30% of microbial powder, 2-3% of trace elements, 10-20% of calcium and the balance of organic matter carriers.
Wherein the gamma-polyglutamic acid is any one or combination of more of a pure gamma-polyglutamic acid product, a pure gamma-polyglutamate product, a gamma-polyglutamic acid fermentation liquid and a gamma-polyglutamic acid fermentation powder; wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyglutamic acid is 2-500 kDa; preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the polyglutamic acid is 5-200 kDa; further preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the polyglutamic acid is 50-200 kDa.
Wherein the chitosan oligosaccharide is a commercially available product, the effective component is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the weight-average molecular weight is less than 3200 Da; preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 Da.
Wherein the microbial powder is prepared by mixing fermentation liquor obtained after fermentation of bacillus subtilis and fermentation liquor obtained after fermentation of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and drying.
Preferably, the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis in China general microbiological culture collection center is CGMCC NO. 6324.
Preferably, the preservation number of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the China center for type culture Collection is CCTCC NO: m2016266.
Wherein, the fermentation liquor obtained after the fermentation of the bacillus subtilis and the fermentation liquor obtained after the fermentation of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens are mixed in any ratio; preferably, the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid obtained after the fermentation of the bacillus subtilis to the fermentation liquid obtained after the fermentation of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (1-4): 1.
Wherein the trace elements are any one or combination of more of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium and cobalt; preferably, in the feed nutrient, the content of each element is as follows: copper 10-1000 mg/kg; zinc 500-; manganese 500-4000 mg/kg; iodine 500-4000 mg/kg; selenium 1-15 mg/kg; 0.1-1mg/kg of cobalt and the balance of iron; further preferably, the feed nutrient comprises the following elements: 100 portions of copper and 900 mg/kg; zinc 1000-3000 mg/kg; manganese 1000-3000 mg/kg; iodine 1000-2000 mg/kg; selenium 4-12 mg/kg; 0.2-0.5mg/kg of cobalt and the balance of iron.
Wherein the calcium is calcium hydrogen phosphate.
Wherein the organic matter carrier is any one or combination of molasses, rice chaff, wheat bran, stone powder and corncob powder; preferably, the organic matter carrier is molasses.
Wherein, the functions and mutual synergistic action of the components are as follows:
the gamma-polyglutamic acid is used as a special high molecular polymer, a large number of carboxyl groups are arranged on the side chain, the gamma-polyglutamic acid has strong element chelating capacity due to the existence of the groups, and the gamma-polyglutamic acid can chelate nutrient elements in various feeds and help laying hens to improve the absorption of the nutrient elements.
The chitosan oligosaccharide is called chitosan oligosaccharide and oligomeric chitosan, is an oligosaccharide product with the polymerization degree of 2-20 obtained by degrading chitosan through a special biological enzyme technology, is the only cationic basic amino oligosaccharide with positive charge in nature, is a low molecular weight product with good water solubility, large functional effect and high biological activity, and has a plurality of unique functions such as easy absorption and utilization by organisms. In the invention, besides being absorbed and utilized by the laying hens, the chitosan oligosaccharide has a part of structure and activity which can be kept complete under the digestion of gastrointestinal digestive juice, enters the tail end of a small intestine and is used by bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a nutritional agent, and helps the chitosan oligosaccharide to better colonize in intestinal tracts together with polyglutamic acid, so that the ratio of beneficial bacteria/harmful bacteria in the intestinal tracts of the laying hens is regulated, the intestinal tract environment is improved, and the nutrition absorption capacity of the laying hens is improved.
Wherein, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium and cobalt are all necessary nutrient elements for egg laying and life activities of the laying hens, and the trace elements have good promotion effect on egg laying of the laying hens. The iron is used as an essential element in life activities, and the addition of the iron can help the laying hens to improve the egg laying performance and inhibit the content of salmonella in intestinal tracts of the laying hens; copper is the major component of the enzyme, its presence can aid in animal skeletal development, feather growth, and aid in pigmentation; the zinc is also a component of various enzymes in the animal body, and can help the animal to synthesize protein, promote skeletal development, improve immunity and the like; manganese is added into the feed of the laying hens, so that the production performance of the laying hens can be improved, and the egg breaking rate of eggs is reduced; the addition of other microelements can help the laying hens to improve the immunity, improve the production performance of the laying hens to a certain extent and improve the yolk color of eggs. The trace elements added into the feed can not only help to provide richer nutrition for the laying hens, but also can be better absorbed by the laying hens under the action of the gamma-polyglutamic acid, and help the laying hens to improve the development condition, the production performance and the immunity of the laying hens to a certain degree.
Wherein the calcium is calcium hydrogen phosphate. Calcium and phosphorus are two essential elements in the egg laying process of the laying hens, the content of calcium in the feed is also an important evaluation index of the feed for the laying hens, and researches show that the laying hens need 3.0-4.4g of calcium for laying one egg. The lack of calcium and phosphorus elements can cause the development condition of the laying hens to be poor, the laying rate to be reduced and the proportion of broken/soft-shell eggs to be increased.
The molasses powder is used as the organic matter carrier, so that the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum in the feed nutrient can be protected, and after bacteria enter the gastrointestinal tract environment of animals, the bacteria can also be used as a nutrient source of the bacteria, so that the bacteria can be quickly colonized in the gastrointestinal tract of the animals; secondly, the molasses powder can also provide various nutrient substances for the laying hens, help the young laying hens to develop, promote the absorption of the laying hens on nutrient elements and improve the utilization rate of the laying hen feed.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the invention discloses the application of the feed nutrient in animal feed.
Wherein the animal is a chicken.
Wherein, the feed nutrient accounts for 0.5 to 5 percent of the total mass of the feed.
Preferably, the feed nutrient accounts for 0.5-2% of the total mass of the feed during the brooding period and the growing period of the laying hens; when the laying peak of the laying hens is in the laying peak period, the feed nutrient accounts for 0.5-5% of the total mass of the feed; in other periods, the feed nutrient accounts for 1-5% of the total mass of the feed; wherein, the brooding period, the growing period and the egg-laying peak period of the laying hens are all time periods known by technicians in the field, for example, the egg-laying peak period refers to a chicken group with the egg laying rate of more than 80%.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
after the nutritional agent is added into the laying hen feed, the laying hen can be helped to better grow and develop, the laying rate is improved, the laying time of the laying hen is prolonged, and the production performance of the laying hen in each period is integrally improved.
Detailed Description
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
In the following examples, the polyglutamic acid is a pure gamma-polyglutamic acid.
In the following examples, the trace element content is the content of the trace element in the feed nutrient, for example, 800mg/kg of copper refers to 800mg/kg of copper in the feed nutrient.
In the following examples, the preparation methods of the bacillus subtilis powder and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder are as follows:
(1) b, mixing the bacillus subtilis CGMCC NO.6324 and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCTCC NO: m2016266 strain is inoculated onto activating culture medium from preservation slant, and activated at 32 deg.C for 18 hr; then transferring the strains in the activation culture medium to a fermentation culture medium, and culturing for 24h at 30 ℃; then placing the fermentation concentrated solution in a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ for low-temperature treatment for 48 h:
the formula of the activation medium is as follows: 10g/L of peptone, 5g/L of yeast powder, 10g/L of sodium chloride, pH 6.0-8.0 and water as a solvent; the formula of the fermentation medium is as follows: glucose 50g/L, peptone 10g/L, (NH)4)2SO4 0.05g/L，NaCl 1g/L，MnSO4·4H2O 0.5g/L，KH2PO41.0g/L, pH 6.0-8.0, solvent is water;
the ventilation quantity of sterile air in the fermentation culture process of the production tank is 0.6vvm, and the stirring speed is 220 rpm;
(2) mixing the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation liquor according to a formula ratio in a volume ratio;
(3) and (4) spray-drying the mixed bacteria liquid to prepare the microbial powder.
Example 1: production and application of feed nutritional agent applied to growth period (namely brooding period and breeding period) of laying hens
In this embodiment, in order to improve the growth condition of the laying hens in the growing period, the feed nutrient for the laying hens in the growing period is designed according to the actual needs of laying hens, and the specific components (by mass percent) are as follows: 2 percent of polyglutamic acid (50kDa), 2 percent of chitosan oligosaccharide (2800Da), 26 percent of microbial powder (the fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis accounts for 60vt percent, the fermentation liquor of bacillus amyloliquefaciens accounts for 40vt percent), 2.5 percent of trace elements (copper 800mg/kg, zinc 2000mg/kg, manganese 2000mg/kg, iodine 2000mg/kg, selenium 8mg/kg, the balance being iron), 17.5 percent of calcium hydrophosphate and the balance being molasses powder.
After the feed nutritional agent is prepared, the feed nutritional agent is added into layer feed (basic ration) according to the addition of 2 wt% to obtain the layer feed containing the feed nutritional agent.
Experimental groups: feeding the feed containing the feed nutrient to 100-day-old Hailan brown laying hens; blank group: feeding 100-day-old Hailan brown laying hens with the laying hen feed (basic daily ration).
After feeding for 30 days, the feed intake, daily gain and body size index of the experimental group and the blank group of laying hens are detected, counted and analyzed (at the beginning of the experiment, the growth state of the laying hens in each experimental group is consistent, and 100 laying hens in each experimental group are all used).
TABLE 1 influence of feed nutrients on growth indexes of long-term laying hens
Figure BDA0003181625980000051
Note: feed intake and total weight gain are reported in the table as group overall levels.
TABLE 2 influence of feed nutrients on body size index of growing-period laying hens
Figure BDA0003181625980000052
Note: the body ruler index in the table is the group mean level
As can be seen from Table 1, in the whole experimental process of the experimental group of laying hens, the whole daily feed intake is increased by 4.3% compared with that of the blank group, the total weight gain is increased by 8.3% compared with that of the blank group, so that the feed intake of the laying hens in the growing period can be increased by adding the feed-containing nutritional agent, the growth speed of the laying hens in the growing period can be increased, and the first laying time of the experimental group of laying hens is advanced by 6d compared with that of the blank group as seen from the first laying date age; in addition, as can be seen from table 2, the average tibia length of the experimental group of laying hens is 0.3cm higher than that of the blank group, which also indicates that the experimental group of laying hens has a better development condition than that of the blank group. As can be seen from the index of the pubic spacing in Table 2, the average pubic spacing of the experimental group of laying hens was 0.2cm wider than that of the blank group, which indicates that the laying potential of the experimental group of laying hens was superior to that of the blank group of laying hens.
Example 2: production and application of feed nutritional agent applied to egg-laying peak period of laying hens
In this embodiment, in order to improve the production performance of the laying hens in the egg laying peak period, the feed nutritional agent for the laying hens in the egg laying peak period is designed according to the actual production needs of the laying hens, and the specific components (by mass percent) are as follows: 12 percent of polyglutamic acid (100kDa), 12 percent of chitosan oligosaccharide (3000Da), 26 percent of microbial powder (80 vt percent of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor and 20vt percent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation liquor), 3 percent of trace elements (900 mg/kg of copper, 3000mg/kg of zinc, 2500mg/kg of manganese, 2000mg/kg of iodine, 12mg/kg of selenium, 0.5mg/kg of cobalt and the balance of iron) and 17 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, and the balance of molasses powder.
After the feed nutritional agent is prepared, the feed nutritional agent is added into layer feed (basic ration) according to the addition of 5 wt% to obtain the layer feed containing the feed nutritional agent.
Experimental groups: feeding 180-day-old Hailan brown laying hens with the laying hen feed containing the feed nutritional agent; blank group: feeding 180-day-old Hailan brown laying hens with the laying hen feed (basic daily ration).
After feeding for 30 days, detecting the feed intake, egg production and feed-egg ratio of experimental group and blank group laying hens, simultaneously collecting blood samples to detect the content of calcium element and related hormone in the blood of the laying hens (after the experiment is finished, each group randomly selects 20 helan brown laying hens for sampling detection), collecting egg samples to analyze the egg quality (after the experiment is finished, each group randomly selects 20 helan brown laying hens for sampling detection), counting and analyzing (when the experiment is started, the growth states of the experimental group and the blank group laying hens are consistent, and each experimental group laying hen is 100).
TABLE 3 influence of feed nutrients on the performance of layers in the peak egg-laying period
Figure BDA0003181625980000061
From the table 3, the feed intake of the laying hens in the egg-laying peak period experimental group is improved by 0.3kg/d compared with that of the blank group, the egg yield is improved by 0.27kg/d compared with that of the blank group, the whole feed egg is reduced by 2.26% compared with that of the blank group, and the egg yield experimental group is improved by 1.61% compared with that of the blank group.
TABLE 4 influence of feed nutrients on egg quality during peak period
Figure BDA0003181625980000071
In the aspect of egg quality, the average egg weight of the experimental group of laying hens is improved by 0.9 g/piece compared with that of the blank group; the eggshell strength of the experimental group of laying hens is obviously increased (by 3.76N) compared with that of the blank group, which shows that the eggshell protection capability of the experimental group of laying hens is stronger, the Hough Unit (HU) of eggs is improved relatively, and the experimental data also verifies the view (HU is improved by 17.17%); the height of the protein of the eggs of the experimental group is 7.71mm, which is 1.3mm higher than that of the blank group, and this shows that the protein content of the eggs laid by the laying hens of the experimental group is higher than that of the blank group; the addition of cobalt can increase the color of the yolk and improve the appearance of eggs, and the experimental data result also shows that the yolk color index of the experimental group of laying hens is higher than that of the blank group.
TABLE 5 influence of feed nutrients on biochemical indicators of blood of laying hens in egg laying peak period
Figure BDA0003181625980000072
The detection result of serum related indexes of experimental laying hens shows that the calcium element content in the bodies of the experimental laying hens is higher (the serum calcium and osteocalcin content are higher) and the whole calcium content level is stable (when the calcium content in the bodies of the laying hens is insufficient, the bodies can obtain calcium from bone cells by increasing the secretion of parathyroid hormone so as to meet normal physiological requirements, and the high and low content of the parathyroid hormone can show the stability of the calcium content level in the bodies of animals).
Example 3: production and application of feed nutritional agent applied to later egg laying period of laying hens
In this embodiment, in order to improve the production performance of the laying hens in the later period of egg laying, the feed nutritional agent for the laying hens in the peak period of egg laying is designed according to the actual needs of the laying hens, and the specific components (by mass percent) are as follows: 10 percent of polyglutamic acid (200kDa), 10 percent of chitosan oligosaccharide (3000Da), 30 percent of microbial powder (the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor accounts for 60vt percent, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation liquor accounts for 40vt percent), 2.6 percent of trace elements (copper 600mg/kg, zinc 2000mg/kg, manganese 2000mg/kg, iodine 1500mg/kg, selenium 8mg/kg, cobalt 0.5mg/kg, the balance being iron), 20 percent of calcium hydrophosphate and the balance being molasses powder.
After the feed nutritional agent is prepared, the feed nutritional agent is added into the layer feed (basic ration) according to the addition of 4 wt% to obtain the layer feed containing the feed nutritional agent.
Experimental groups: feeding 400-day-old Hailan brown laying hens with the laying hen feed containing the feed nutritional agent; blank group: feeding hen feed (basal diet) to 400-day-old Hailan brown layer chicken.
After feeding for 30d, detecting feed intake, egg production and feed-egg ratio of the experimental group and the blank group of laying hens, simultaneously collecting blood samples to detect the content of calcium element and related hormone in the blood of the laying hens (after the experiment is finished, each group randomly selects 20 helan brown laying hens for sampling detection), collecting egg samples to analyze the egg quality (after the experiment is finished, each group randomly selects 20 helan brown laying hens for sampling detection), counting and analyzing (when the experiment is started, the growth states of the experimental group and the blank group of laying hens are consistent, and each experimental group of laying hens is 100)
TABLE 6 influence of feed nutrients on the performance of layers in the peak egg-laying period
Figure BDA0003181625980000081
After normal laying hens go into the post-laying period, the absorption capacity of the normal laying hens on nutrient elements is reduced due to the fact that the normal laying hens are old day, the production performance of the normal laying hens is reduced, and the feed nutritional agent added into the feed of the laying hens can not improve the feed intake of the laying hens (0.09 kg/d lower than that of a blank group), but can obviously improve the egg production of the laying hens (0.25 kg/d higher than that of the blank group), so that the feed-egg ratio of the laying hens in an experimental group is reduced by 5.24%, and the egg production rate is improved by 3.98%; the reason is probably that the absorption capacity of the laying hens for nutrient elements in the feed is improved due to the addition of the polyglutamic acid and the chitosan oligosaccharide, and the absorption capacity can be obviously seen through the data of the proportion of the soft-shell broken eggs (when the calcium element of the laying hens is insufficiently absorbed, the proportion of the soft-shell broken eggs of the laying hens is increased, and the proportion of the soft-shell broken eggs of the laying hens is reduced by 31.67 percent compared with that of a blank group).
TABLE 7 influence of feed nutrients on egg quality during peak laying period
Figure BDA0003181625980000082
The egg quality of eggs laid by laying hens in the later period of laying is detected, and the egg shell strength of the laying hens in the experimental group is higher (improved by 19.72%) than that of the blank group due to the fact that the nutrition absorption capacity of the laying hens is stronger, and the egg height, the egg yolk color and the HU value are obviously improved (respectively improved by 43.55%, 42.55% and 12.57%) than that of the blank group.
TABLE 8 influence of feed nutrients on biochemical indicators of blood of laying hens in egg laying peak period
Figure BDA0003181625980000091
The calcium content in the experimental group of the laying hens is higher through detecting the calcium content level in the serum of the laying hens; meanwhile, the content of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of the laying hens in an experimental group is detected, and the content of the alkaline phosphatase in the serum of the laying hens in the experimental group is obviously increased compared with that of a blank group (the increase is 44.43%, the content of the alkaline phosphatase is related to the egg laying capacity of the laying hens (the alkaline phosphatase is a marker enzyme of small intestines of the laying hens, and is positively related to digestion and absorption of nutrients by the laying hens), and the stronger the egg laying capacity is, the higher the content of the alkaline phosphatase is.
Example 4: production and application of feed nutritional agent applied to whole period of laying hens
In this embodiment, in order to improve the production performance of the laying hen in the whole period, the feed nutritional agent for the laying hen in the whole period is designed according to the actual production needs of the laying hen, and the specific components (in mass percent) are as follows: 5 percent of polyglutamic acid (100kDa), 5 percent of chitosan oligosaccharide (3000Da), 20 percent of microbial powder (50 vt percent of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor and 50vt percent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation liquor), 2 percent of trace elements (100 mg/kg of copper, 1000mg/kg of zinc, 1000mg/kg of manganese, 1000mg/kg of iodine, 4mg/kg of selenium, 0.2mg/kg of cobalt and the balance of iron), 10 percent of calcium hydrophosphate and the balance of molasses powder.
After the feed nutritional agent is prepared, the feed nutritional agent is added into the layer feed (basic ration) according to the addition of 1 wt% to obtain the layer feed containing the feed nutritional agent.
Experimental groups: adding the layer feed containing the feed nutritional agent into 110-day-old Hailan brown layer feed, and adding the layer feed to the whole group for elimination in a whole period; blank group: feeding 110-day-old Hailan brown laying hens with laying hen feed (basic daily ration), and adding into the whole group for elimination.
In the experimental process, the feed intake, the egg yield and the feed-egg ratio of the experimental group and the blank group of laying hens are detected (time-interval detection, 30 days for each of the initial egg-laying period, the peak egg-laying period and the later egg-laying period), egg samples are collected to analyze the egg quality (after the experiment is finished, 200 eggs are randomly selected for sampling detection in each group), statistics and analysis are carried out (the growth states of the experimental group and the blank group of laying hens are consistent during the initial experiment, and 2750 laying hens in each experimental group are obtained).
TABLE 9 influence of feed nutrient on the full-period productivity of layers
Figure BDA0003181625980000101
Note: (1) the day age of laying hens at the initial stage of laying is 150-; the day age of laying hens in the egg laying peak period is 240 plus 270; the day age of laying hens at the later period of laying is 400-430. (2) All indexes of the laying hens are the average values of the whole group. (3) The experimental laying hens in each period are in the same batch.
TABLE 10 influence of feed nutrients on the full-period productivity of layers-
Figure BDA0003181625980000102
Note: same table 9
From tables 9 and 10, it can be seen that the feed nutritional agent containing polyglutamic acid and low content of chitosan oligosaccharide is added into the feed according to the addition amount of 1 wt%, and the feed intake and egg weight average of experimental group laying hens are higher than the corresponding indexes of blank group laying hens in the whole egg laying process of the laying hens; the feed nutritional agent has the most obvious effect of improving the laying rate of laying hens in the early laying period and the later laying period, the effect is improved by about 3 percent (or more), and meanwhile, the proportion of soft-shell-broken eggs of experimental laying hens in the whole laying hen feeding process is obviously reduced compared with that of a blank group.
TABLE 11 influence of feed nutrients on the quality of whole-period eggs of laying hens (I)
Figure BDA0003181625980000103
Note: same table 9
TABLE 12 influence of feed nutrient on the quality of layer chicken whole-period eggs-
Figure BDA0003181625980000111
Note: same table 9
As can be seen from tables 11 and 12, the overall egg quality of the experimental group of laying hens in the batch of experiment is higher than that of the blank group of laying hens; the HU value of eggs laid by the experimental group increases with the day age of the laying hens, the descending trend of the HU value is obviously lower than that of the HU value of the control, and the HU value is kept at a better level in the whole period; the change conditions of the egg white height and the yolk color of the laying hens in the experimental group are basically consistent with the HU value.
Example 5: production and application of feed nutritional agent applied to whole period of laying hens
In this embodiment, in order to improve the production performance of the laying hen in the whole period, the feed nutritional agent for the laying hen in the whole period is designed according to the actual production needs of the laying hen, and the specific components (in mass percent) are as follows: 16 percent of polyglutamic acid (100kDa), 16 percent of chitosan oligosaccharide (3000Da), 20 percent of microbial powder (50 vt percent of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor and 50vt percent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation liquor), 2 percent of trace elements (100 mg/kg of copper, 1000mg/kg of zinc, 1000mg/kg of manganese, 1000mg/kg of iodine, 4mg/kg of selenium, 0.2mg/kg of cobalt and the balance of iron), 10 percent of calcium hydrophosphate and the balance of molasses powder.
After the feed nutritional agent is prepared, the feed nutritional agent is added into the layer feed (basic ration) according to the addition of 1 wt% to obtain the layer feed containing the feed nutritional agent.
Experimental groups: adding the layer feed containing the feed nutritional agent into 110-day-old Hailan brown layer feed, and adding the layer feed to the whole group for elimination in a whole period; blank group: feeding 110-day-old Hailan brown laying hens with laying hen feed (basic daily ration), and adding into the whole group for elimination.
In the experimental process, the feed intake, the egg yield and the feed-egg ratio of the experimental group and the blank group of laying hens are detected (time-interval detection, 30 days for each of the initial egg-laying period, the peak egg-laying period and the later egg-laying period), egg samples are collected to analyze the egg quality (after the experiment is finished, 200 eggs are randomly selected for sampling detection in each group), statistics and analysis are carried out (the growth states of the experimental group and the blank group of laying hens are consistent during the initial experiment, and 2750 laying hens in each experimental group are obtained).
TABLE 13 influence of feed nutrients on the full-period productivity of layers
Figure BDA0003181625980000121
Note: (1) the day age of laying hens at the initial stage of laying is 150-; the day age of laying hens in the egg laying peak period is 240 plus 270; the day age of laying hens at the later period of laying is 400-430. (2) All indexes of the laying hens are the average values of the whole group. (3) The experimental laying hens in each period are in the same batch.
TABLE 14 influence of feed nutrients on the full-cycle productivity of layers
Figure BDA0003181625980000122
Note: same table 13
From tables 13 and 14, it can be seen that the feed nutritional agent containing polyglutamic acid and chitosan oligosaccharide with higher content is added into the feed according to the addition amount of 1 wt%, and the feed intake and egg laying weight of the experimental group of laying hens are also higher than the corresponding indexes of the blank group of laying hens in the whole egg laying process of the laying hens (the effect change trend is similar to that of example 4); but the increase of the content of the polyglutamic acid and the chitosan oligosaccharide obviously improves the laying rate and the laying weight of the experimental group laying hens; the value of the feed-egg ratio (feed intake/egg weight) in this example is significantly lower than that in example 4; the proportion of broken soft shells of eggs laid by the laying hens in the experimental groups in the examples 4 and 5 is always lower than that of the blank group, and the fact that the feed nutritional agent promotes the laying hens to absorb nutrition is also an expression.
TABLE 15 influence of feed nutrient on quality of whole-period egg of laying hen
Figure BDA0003181625980000131
Note: same table 13
TABLE 16 influence of feed nutrients on the quality of whole-period eggs of laying hens >
Figure BDA0003181625980000132
Note: same table 13
The overall egg quality levels of the experimental group of layers of this batch were higher than those of the blank group of layers, which is also consistent with the results in example 4. In contrast, the increase in the amount of each main component added in this example improves each value of the egg quality to some extent as compared with example 4.
Example 6: influence of laying hen feed nutritional agent on absorption of laying hen nutritional elements
The layer feed nutritional agent is prepared by preparing polyglutamic acid and chitosan oligosaccharide into a nutritional agent beneficial to the absorption of layer nutrition according to a proper proportion, and considering that the layer in different growth periods have different requirements on nutritional elements, trace elements, microbial powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate and other nutritional substances are added into the feed nutritional agent, so that the absorption of the layer elements is promoted, the nutrition of the layer is enriched further, and the effect of promoting the growth and production of the layer is achieved. In order to verify the nutrition absorption promoting effect of the feed nutrient of the present invention, the following experiment was designed.
TABLE 17 nutrient design table for nutrient element absorption experiment of feed
Figure BDA0003181625980000141
Note: in the table, the weight average molecular weight of polyglutamic acid is 120 kDa; the weight average molecular weight of chitosan is 2000 Da.
The preparation of the nutritional agents was carried out according to the nutritional agent design table described in table 17, and after the preparation, the nutritional agents were added to the layer feed (basal diet) in an amount of 3 wt%, and the experimental layers were 100 day-old helan brown layer (100 per group) and were fed until the laying rate of the layer was 50%. After thirty days of feeding, 10 Hailan brown laying hens are randomly selected from each experimental group for blood sample collection, and each microelement and related index in the serum are measured (at the initial stage of the experiment, the growth state of the laying hens in each experimental group is consistent, and in the process of the experiment, the living and management conditions of the laying hens in each group are consistent).
TABLE 18 egg laying rate of each group of layer chicken reaching 50% of the age of the day
Figure BDA0003181625980000151
From table 18, it can be seen that the feed of 100-day-old helan-brown laying hens was supplemented with the respective feed nutrients, and the time for the experimental group of S1-S4 to reach 50% laying rate was earlier than that of the blank group (CK), among which S4 (8 days earlier than that of the blank group), S2 and S3 were respectively 5 days and 2 days earlier than that of CK, and S1 was 1 day earlier than that of the blank group. This phenomenon indicates that the experimental group of laying hens has much more vigorous nutrition and metabolic activity than CK. Therefore, the corresponding serum biochemical indexes are also detected.
TABLE 19 serology indices of various groups of laying hens (I)
Figure BDA0003181625980000152
TABLE 20 serology index Collection of layers
Figure BDA0003181625980000153
Tables 19 and 20 show the biochemical blood indexes of the layers, and we can see from the tables that: the content of serum trace elements (iron, zinc and copper) of each experimental group, especially the S4 group is obviously improved compared with that of a blank group; iron, zinc and copper are important trace elements in animal life activities, and in the bodies of the laying hens, the lack of the three elements can cause the reduction of the immunity and the appetite of the laying hens, so that the production performance of the laying hens is reduced, and the phenomenon of death of the laying hens can be seriously caused. Meanwhile, the inventor finds that when polyglutamic acid or chitosan oligosaccharide is independently added into the feed nutrient, the content of the trace elements in the serum of the laying hen is improved, but the effect of the feed nutrient is stronger than that of the feed nutrient obtained by compounding two substances.
After hormone indexes (alkaline phosphatase, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)) related to egg laying performance in serum of the laying hens and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) are detected, the change conditions of the indexes are basically consistent with those of trace elements in the serum, the most obvious effect is S4, and the effect is also consistent with that of the egg laying of the laying hens.
In conclusion, the feed nutrient prepared by the invention has a remarkable promoting effect on the nutrient absorption of the laying hens, and the production performance of the laying hens is obviously improved through the effect, so that the economic benefit of laying hen cultivation is improved.
The invention provides a feed nutrient containing polyglutamic acid and a thought and a method for applying the feed nutrient, and a method and a way for realizing the technical scheme are many, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and the improvements and decorations are also regarded as the protection scope of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.

Claims (10)

1. The feed nutritional agent containing polyglutamic acid is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 1-20% of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-30% of microbial powder, 2-3.2% of trace elements, 5-25% of calcium and the balance of organic matter carriers.
2. The feed supplement of claim 1, wherein the gamma-polyglutamic acid has a weight average molecular weight of 2-500 kDa.
3. The feed nutrient according to claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 3200Da or less.
4. The feed nutrient according to claim 1, wherein the microbial powder is a mixture of a fermentation broth obtained by fermenting bacillus subtilis and a fermentation broth obtained by fermenting bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the microbial powder is dried.
5. The feed nutrient according to claim 1, wherein the trace element is any one or a combination of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium and cobalt.
6. The feed nutrient according to claim 1, wherein the organic carrier is any one or a combination of molasses, rice chaff, wheat bran, stone powder and corncob powder.
7. Use of the feed supplement of any one of claims 1 to 6 in animal feed.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein the animal is a chicken.
9. The use of claim 7, wherein the feed nutrient is present in an amount of 0.5% to 5% by weight of the total feed.
10. The use of claim 7, wherein the feed nutrient accounts for 0.5-2% of the total mass of the feed in the brooding period and the growing period of the laying hens; when the laying peak of the laying hens is in the laying peak period, the feed nutrient accounts for 0.5-5% of the total mass of the feed; in other periods, the feed nutrient accounts for 1-5% of the total mass of the feed.
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CN114403308A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-29 南京轩凯生物科技股份有限公司 Fish feed additive and preparation method and application thereof

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CN110269146A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-09-24 轩凯生物科技(滁州)有限公司 A kind of probiotics applied on feed

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114403308A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-29 南京轩凯生物科技股份有限公司 Fish feed additive and preparation method and application thereof
CN114403308B (en) * 2021-12-29 2023-11-10 南京轩凯生物科技股份有限公司 Fish feed additive and preparation method and application thereof

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