CN110692860A - Application of clostridium ethanolate protein in feed for freshwater carnivorous fishes - Google Patents
Application of clostridium ethanolate protein in feed for freshwater carnivorous fishes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110692860A CN110692860A CN201910957658.4A CN201910957658A CN110692860A CN 110692860 A CN110692860 A CN 110692860A CN 201910957658 A CN201910957658 A CN 201910957658A CN 110692860 A CN110692860 A CN 110692860A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention relates to an application of clostridium ethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fishes, belongs to the field of feeds, and provides an application of clostridium ethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fishes, wherein in the application, a preparation method of the clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following steps: performing liquid fermentation culture by using Clostridium ethanolicum (Clostridium autoethanogenum) as a fermentation strain and using CO-containing gas as a raw material, and centrifuging and drying thalli in fermentation liquor of the liquid fermentation for the first time to obtain Clostridium ethanolicum protein; the application of the clostridium ethanolate protein in the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: 1. the clostridium ethanolate protein used for replacing the fish meal has no adverse effect on organisms and can be used as one of high-quality replacement protein sources of the fish meal; 2. the low-temperature dried fish meal has good quality and high digestibility, but the price is higher, and the clostridium ethanolate protein can reduce the cost by 5.58-16.73 percent on the basis of well replacing the fish meal, and has obvious economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to an application of clostridium autoethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fishes.
Background
The Micropterus salmoides (Micropterus salmoides), commonly known as Micropterus salmoides and Perpterus salmoides, belong to Perciformes (Perciformes), Perciformes (Porcoidei), Sunglacaceae (Cehtrachidae) and Perpterus (Micropterus), are originally produced in North America, and Taiwan province in China introduces the fish from abroad at the end of the seventies of the last century and succeeds in artificial propagation in 1983, and introduces Guangdong province in the same year, so that the Micropterus salmoides are one of the important fresh water carnivorous fish culture varieties in China at present. The largemouth black perch has the advantages of strong adaptability, quick growth, easy capture, short culture period and the like, and in addition, the largemouth black perch is delicious and tender in meat quality, has no muscle puncture, is attractive in appearance and is deeply welcomed by culturists and consumers. The fish meal is an indispensable protein raw material in the carnivorous fish feed for the micropterus salmoides, occupies a large proportion in the cost of the micropterus salmoides feed, and is a key factor influencing the culture cost and the economic benefit of the micropterus salmoides.
In recent years, with the improvement of the living standard of people and the rapid development of the breeding industry, the problem of shortage of domestic feed protein resources is increasingly severe, and the feed protein resources are particularly used as fish meal resources depended on by carnivorous cultured fishes. The fish meal has the characteristics of good amino acid balance, good palatability, certain unknown growth promoting factors and the like, and is one of indispensable feed raw materials for carnivorous cultured fishes. China has huge demand on fish meal, but China is deficient in fishery resources, the yield of the fish meal is low, and the fish meal cannot be self-sufficient, so that the shortage is filled up by importing a large amount of fish meal from states such as Peru, Chile, America, Russia and the like every year. However, in recent years, due to the over-fishing and el nino phenomena, fishery resources decline, and the price of fish meal is continuously increased, and research on fish meal replacement is always a research hotspot in aquaculture fishery, but is limited by the influence of the quality of a protein substitute source, such as feather meal, globulin meal and the like, and after the fish meal is replaced at a high proportion, the palatability, the feed coefficient increase, the growth performance decrease and the like of the fish are influenced to different degrees. Therefore, the method has important significance in developing a novel feed protein source, enriching the types of the protein source and reducing the dependence of the aquaculture industry on fish meal.
Single Cell Protein (SCP), also known as microbial protein or mycoprotein, is a protein extracted from Single cell microorganisms and can be used as a beneficial supplement for feed proteins. Research shows that the single-cell protein has the advantages of high protein content, good amino acid balance, rich trace elements, high nutritive value and the like, and can improve the feed efficiency and reduce the feed cost when used for feed production. The single-cell protein serves as a novel feed protein source, enriches the composition of feed protein raw materials, and can relieve the current situation of shortage of protein raw materials in China to a certain extent, so that the effects of guaranteeing the safety of the feed raw materials, reducing the feed cost and promoting the sustainable health development of the whole aquatic product industry are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention has been made to provide a use of clostridium autoethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
The embodiment of the invention provides an application of clostridium ethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fishes, wherein the preparation method of the clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following steps:
clostridium ethanolicum (Clostridium autoethanogenum) is used as a fermentation strain, CO-containing gas is used as a raw material, liquid fermentation culture is carried out, and thalli in fermentation liquor of the liquid fermentation are subjected to centrifugation and primary drying treatment to obtain Clostridium ethanolicum protein.
Further, the Clostridium ethanolate (Clostridium autoethanogenum) is deposited under DSM10061 and with the deposit address german collection of strains, DSMZ.
Further, the nutritional composition of the clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following components in parts by weight: more than or equal to 80 parts of crude protein, less than or equal to 7 parts of crude ash, less than or equal to 12 parts of water and less than or equal to 1 part of ammonium salt.
Further, in the application, the preparation method of the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the clostridium ethanolate protein, the mixture and water to obtain a mixed material, preparing the mixed material into granules, and performing secondary drying treatment to obtain the freshwater carnivorous fish feed.
Further, the mixture comprises at least one of the following: fish meal, cassava meal, wheat gluten, cottonseed protein concentrate, soybean protein concentrate, blood cell meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, grease, adhesive, premix and microcrystalline cellulose.
Further, the mixture was sieved through a 80 mesh sieve.
Further, the particle size of the particles is 2-5 mm.
Further, the secondary drying is carried out until the water content of the fresh water carnivorous fish feed is less than or equal to 12%.
Further, the fresh water carnivorous fish feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5-13.5 parts of clostridium ethanolate protein, 25-40 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of cassava powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 14.8 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 14.8 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3 parts of blood cell powder, 1-1.8 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 8.5-9.2 parts of grease, 1.5 parts of adhesive, 1 part of premix and 0.5-0.6 part of microcrystalline cellulose.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
1. the application of the clostridium ethanolate protein in the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish can effectively reduce the using amount of fish meal in the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish and reduce the cost of the feed without influencing the growth performance of the feed. The fish meal is used as a high-quality protein source required in a feed formula of the carnivorous fish, has the advantages of high protein content, easy digestion and absorption, good palatability and the like, and is a feed raw material required for maintaining the rapid growth of the cultured freshwater carnivorous fish.
2. The application of the clostridium ethanolate protein in the freshwater carnivorous fish feed can reduce the using amount of fish meal in the freshwater carnivorous fish feed without influencing the growth performance of the freshwater carnivorous fish feed.
3. The clostridium ethanolate protein provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to the feed of freshwater carnivorous fishes, and the cost is reduced by 5.58-16.73% on the basis of well replacing fish meal.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
The embodiment provides an application of clostridium ethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish, wherein a preparation method of the clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following steps:
performing liquid fermentation culture by using Clostridium ethanolicum (Clostridium autoethanogenum) as a fermentation strain and using CO-containing gas as a raw material, and centrifuging and drying thalli in fermentation liquor of the liquid fermentation for the first time to obtain Clostridium ethanolicum protein;
in this example, Clostridium ethanolate (Clostridium autoethanogenum) is deposited under DSM10061 and has a deposit address of german collection of strains, DSMZ;
in the liquid fermentation culture, the concentration of clostridium ethanolate is 20-25g/L, and the introduction amount of CO gas is 8000-10000m3/h；
The centrifugal rotating speed is 4000-4500r/min, and the centrifugal feeding flow is 4-6m3H; the cell concentration after centrifugation is 120-150 g/L.
The primary drying temperature is 160-180 ℃ of air inlet temperature, the air outlet temperature is 75-85 ℃, instantaneous drying is carried out, the drying time is short, and the evaporation capacity of the drying tower is 5000 kg/h.
The clostridium ethanolate protein has high crude protein content (more than or equal to 80 percent), good amino acid balance, and the proportion of amino acid in the crude protein is up to more than 90 percent, wherein the amino acid required by seawater fish, such as lysine, methionine, and the like, is higher than that of fish meal, is easy to digest and absorb, and is an ideal protein raw material for carnivorous fish.
In this embodiment, the nutritional composition of the clostridium ethanolate protein comprises, in parts by weight: more than or equal to 80 parts of crude protein, less than or equal to 7 parts of crude ash, less than or equal to 12 parts of water and less than or equal to 1 part of ammonium salt.
In this embodiment, in the application, the preparation method of the feed for freshwater carnivorous fish is as follows: and uniformly mixing the clostridium ethanolate protein, the mixture and water to obtain a mixed material, preparing the mixed material into granules, and performing secondary drying treatment to obtain the freshwater carnivorous fish feed.
In this embodiment, the mixture includes at least one of the following: fish meal, cassava meal, wheat gluten, cottonseed protein concentrate, soybean protein concentrate, blood cell meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, grease, adhesive, premix and microcrystalline cellulose.
In this example, the mix was sieved through an 80 mesh sieve.
In this example, the particle size is 2 to 5 mm.
In this embodiment, the secondary drying is performed until the water content of the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish is less than or equal to 12%.
In the embodiment, the freshwater carnivorous fish feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5-13.5 parts of clostridium ethanolate protein, 25-40 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of cassava powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 14.8 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 14.8 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3 parts of blood cell powder, 1-1.8 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 8.5-9.2 parts of grease, 1.5 parts of adhesive, 1 part of premix and 0.5-0.6 part of microcrystalline cellulose.
The adhesive comprises at least one of the following: sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium polyacrylate.
The fish meal is low-temperature dried fish meal, wherein the low-temperature dried fish meal is obtained at the temperature of not higher than 75 ℃ in the processing process.
The following will describe in detail the application of the clostridium autoethanolate protein of the present application in the feed for freshwater carnivorous fish with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The formula of the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of clostridium ethanolate protein, 35 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of cassava powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 14.8 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 14.8 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3 parts of blood cell powder, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 8.5 parts of grease, 1.5 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 1 part of premix and 0.5 part of microcrystalline cellulose.
The preparation method of the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish comprises the following steps: adding clostridium ethanolate protein into the mixture which is sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, adding water, uniformly mixing, preparing into granules with the particle size of 2.0mm by using an F-26(II) type granulator, and drying at the temperature of 65 ℃ to obtain the freshwater carnivorous fish feed.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the formula of the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of clostridium ethanolate protein, 30 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of cassava powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 14.8 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 14.8 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3 parts of blood cell powder, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 8.9 parts of grease, 1.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 1 part of premix and 0.6 part of microcrystalline cellulose.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the formula of the feed for the freshwater carnivorous fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13.5 parts of clostridium ethanolate protein, 25 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of cassava powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 14.8 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 14.8 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3 parts of blood cell powder, 1.8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 9.2 parts of grease, 1.5 parts of adhesive and 1 part of premix.
Comparative example 1
No Clostridium ethanolicum protein was added to this comparative example.
The feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of cassava powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 14.8 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 14.8 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3 parts of blood cell powder, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 8.5 parts of grease, 1.5 parts of adhesive and 1 part of premix.
Sieving the mixture with 80 mesh sieve, adding water, mixing, granulating with F-26(II) type granulator to obtain granules with particle size of 2.0mm, and drying at 65 deg.C to obtain feed.
Experimental example 1
1 materials and methods
The test was set up with 4 treatment groups, D0 (comparative example 1-basic control formula), D4.5 (example 1-basic formula +4.5 parts clostridium ethanolate protein), D9 (example 2-basic formula +9 parts clostridium ethanolate protein), D13.5 (example 3-basic formula +13.5 parts clostridium ethanolate protein).
The test is carried out in an indoor circulating water culture system of a national aquaculture feed safety evaluation base (Beijing, Nankou). Randomly selecting healthy and uniform micropterus salmoides (average weight of 47.99 + -0.01 g) and distributing to a volume of 0.26m3In the conical cultivation bucket. This experiment designed 4 treatment groups, 4 replicates per treatment group, with 25 fish per barrel. Feeding for 2 times per day with feeding time of 8:00 and 16: 00. Periodically detecting water quality, wherein the water quality condition is kept at dissolved oxygen DO more than 7.0 mg/L; total ammonia NH4+ -N is less than 0.3 mg/L; pH 7.5-8.5; the water temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃. The culture test is carried out from 8 months and 15 days in 2018 to 10 months and 8 days in 2018 for 8 weeks.
2 sample Collection
At the beginning of the experiment, 12 fish were taken as initial whole fish samples, and every 4 fish were taken as a mixed sample. During the test period, the daily food intake is recorded, and after the test for 54 days and all test groups are starved for 24 hours, the fish in each barrel are weighed and the survival rate, the feed coefficient and the weight gain rate are counted respectively. Randomly taking 3-4 fish per barrel, anaesthetizing with 80mg/L chlorobutanol (Shanghai national drug group chemical reagent Co., Ltd.), taking blood from tail vein, adding 30ul/1ml anticoagulant (2 parts NaF +4 parts potassium oxalate), centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 4000rpm for 10min, taking supernatant plasma, and storing in a refrigerator at-80 deg.C for testing.
The experimental data are expressed as Mean ± standard error (Mean ± s.e.), all data are analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS statisticss 17.0 software, and Duncan's multiple comparisons test for significance of differences with significance level P < 0.05.
3 results and analysis
3.1 Effect on growth Performance of Lateolabrax
The effect of using different levels of clostridial ethanolic protein in the feed on the growth performance of micropterus salmoides is shown in table 1. The survival rate among the treatment groups reaches 100 parts, and the weight gain rate and the feed coefficient of each treatment group have no obvious difference. The clostridium ethanolate protein can well replace the fish meal in the D0 formula, and has no adverse effect on the growth performance of the largemouth black bass.
TABLE 1 influence of Clostridium ethanolicum protein on growth performance of Lateolabrax
Note: the same column of shoulder marks with different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same column of shoulder marks with the same letters or without letter marks indicate insignificant difference (P > 0.05), and the same is as follows.
3.2 influence on the Biochemical indicators of the blood of Lateolabrax japonicus
The effect of using different levels of clostridial ethanolic protein in the feed on the plasma biochemical indicators of micropterus salmoides is shown in table 2. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) are the two most sensitive enzymes for diagnosing liver diseases, are mainly present in liver cells, and can cause the activity of the enzyme in serum to be increased when the liver is damaged, and the ALT of the D4.5, D9 and D13.5 groups is obviously lower than that of a control group (P is less than 0.05); the AST of the D13.5 group is obviously lower than that of the control group and the D4.5 group (P is less than 0.05), which shows that the fat oxidation of the feed and the oxidative damage of the organism of the largemouth black bass can be effectively relieved after the clostridium ethanolate protein is added into the feed, thereby reducing the oxidative stress of the liver and relieving the oxidative damage of the liver. TC and TG are main components of blood fat, the content of TC and TG mainly reflects the absorption and metabolism of lipid, and D13.5 group is reduced compared with D0 group in the test (P is more than 0.05); TG is obviously lower than that of a control group (P is less than 0.05), which shows that the feed added with 13.5 parts of clostridium ethanolate protein can improve blood fat transfer metabolism of micropterus salmoides, reduce the blood fat content and is beneficial to maintaining the health of fish bodies.
TABLE 2 influence of Clostridia ethanolata protein on blood biochemical indicators of micropterus salmoides by replacing fish meal
According to the invention, the clostridium ethanolate protein can be used for replacing fish meal in the feed formula of the largemouth black bass at the same protein level, so that the using amount of the fish meal in the formula is reduced, the cost is saved, and the environmental pollution is reduced. Meanwhile, the micropterus salmoides feed prepared by the clostridium ethanolicum protein can effectively ensure the protein and energy source of micropterus salmoides, and has no adverse effect on growth, feed utilization and blood biochemical indexes of micropterus salmoides. Therefore, the clostridium ethanolate protein can be used as a good substitute for a protein raw material in the feed of the freshwater carnivorous fish.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. The application of clostridium ethanolate protein in the feed of freshwater carnivorous fishes is characterized in that the preparation method of the clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following steps:
clostridium ethanolicum (Clostridium autoethanogenum) is used as a fermentation strain, CO-containing gas is used as a raw material, liquid fermentation culture is carried out, and thalli in fermentation liquor of the liquid fermentation are subjected to centrifugation and primary drying treatment to obtain Clostridium ethanolicum protein.
2. The use of a Clostridium autoethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish according to claim 1, wherein the Clostridium autoethanolate (Clostridium autoethanogenum) is deposited under DSM10061 and is deposited under the german collection of strains, DSMZ.
3. The use of clostridium autoethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient composition of the clostridium autoethanolate protein comprises the following components in parts by weight: more than or equal to 80 parts of crude protein, less than or equal to 7 parts of crude ash, less than or equal to 12 parts of water and less than or equal to 1 part of ammonium salt.
4. The use of clostridium autoethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish according to claim 1, wherein the feed for freshwater carnivorous fish is prepared by the following method: and uniformly mixing the clostridium ethanolate protein, the mixture and water to obtain a mixed material, preparing the mixed material into granules, and performing secondary drying treatment to obtain the freshwater carnivorous fish feed.
5. The use of clostridial ethanolate protein in a freshwater carnivorous fish feed according to claim 4, wherein the mix comprises at least one of: fish meal, cassava meal, wheat gluten, cottonseed protein concentrate, soybean protein concentrate, blood cell meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, grease, adhesive, premix and microcrystalline cellulose.
6. The use of Clostridium ethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish according to claim 4, wherein the mixture is sieved through a 80 mesh sieve.
7. The use of clostridial ethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish according to claim 4, wherein the particle size is 2-5 mm.
8. The use of Clostridium ethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish according to claim 4, wherein the secondary drying is carried out until the water content of the feed for freshwater carnivorous fish is less than or equal to 12%.
9. The use of clostridium autoethanolate protein in a feed for freshwater carnivorous fish according to claim 4, wherein the feed for freshwater carnivorous fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5-13.5 parts of clostridium ethanolate protein, 25-40 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of cassava powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 14.8 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 14.8 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3 parts of blood cell powder, 1-1.8 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 8.5-9.2 parts of grease, 1.5 parts of adhesive, 1 part of premix and 0.5-0.6 part of microcrystalline cellulose.
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| CN112617057A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-09 | 通威股份有限公司 | Aquatic feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein and production process thereof |
| CN113243463A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-08-13 | 北京首朗生物科技有限公司 | Application of clostridium ethanolate protein in crustacean feed |
| CN114586900A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-07 | 青岛佰伟英格生物科技有限公司 | Application of enzymolysis chicken pulp in fresh water carnivorous fish feeding |
| CN115381002A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-11-25 | 华中农业大学 | Compound feed capable of promoting growth of micropterus salmoides and preparation and application thereof |
| CN115381003A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-25 | 盐城师范学院 | Aquatic product antimicrobial-free fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115381003A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-25 | 盐城师范学院 | Aquatic product antimicrobial-free fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200117 |