CN110881590A - Nutritional formula for improving immunity of crayfish, method and application - Google Patents
Nutritional formula for improving immunity of crayfish, method and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutritional formula for improving immunity of crayfishes, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of alfalfa meal, 5-10 parts of haematococcus pluvialis meal, 0.3-0.5 part of melatonin, 0.80-1.00 part of isoleucines, 0.40-0.60 part of leucine, 0.40-0.60 part of valine, 0.60-0.80 part of methionine, 0.80-1.60 parts of taurine, 0.85-1.25 parts of a calcium source and 0.45-0.85 part of a phosphorus source; also discloses a method for improving the immunity of crayfishes and application of the nutritional formula. By adding different nutritional components, the immunity of the crayfish can be effectively improved, the incidence rate of problems of crayfish such as appetite reduction, insufficient nutrition, shelling failure and the like caused by high temperature in high-temperature seasons is reduced, and the development of the crayfish breeding industry is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feeds, in particular to a nutritional formula for improving immunity of crayfish, a method and application thereof.
Background
The crayfish acambe crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is the scientific name Red SwampCrayfish, originally produced in north america and commonly known as freshwater crayfish, and belongs to the phylum arthropoda, crustacean, decapod, crayfish and Procambarus (Procambarus) in animal taxonomy. The procambarus clarkii is the freshwater crayfish which is distributed most widely, cultivated most and cultivated with the highest yield in the world. The crayfish breeding method has the advantages of fast growth, high meat production rate, long water leaving survival time, strong disease resistance and the like, crayfish is introduced into China in the 30 th 20 th century and becomes one of important freshwater main breeding varieties in China, but the problems of exposure in the breeding process are increasingly prominent along with the increase of the breeding intensity, such as water environment pollution and disease outbreak, particularly high temperature season, high breeding water temperature, influence of high temperature stress on crayfish, low immunity caused by abnormal ingestion, slow growth and the like, and the development of industry is seriously influenced.
Therefore, how to enhance the physique of the crayfish, improve the growth speed and the immunity of the crayfish and shorten the breeding period in the high-temperature breeding season is an urgent task for the crayfish breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nutritional formula for improving the immunity of crayfishes, a method and application, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a nutritional formula for improving immunity of crayfishes, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of alfalfa meal, 5-10 parts of haematococcus pluvialis meal, 0.3-0.5 part of melatonin, 0.80-1.00 part of isoleucines, 0.40-0.60 part of leucine, 0.40-0.60 part of valine, 0.60-0.80 part of methionine, 0.80-1.60 parts of taurine, 0.85-1.25 parts of a calcium source and 0.45-0.85 part of a phosphorus source.
The alfalfa meal is the complete alfalfa meal which is artificially dried and harvested in the full-bloom period, and is measured by mass percent, the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 18.0 percent, the content of lysine is 0.75 to 0.78 percent, and the content of total essential amino acid is relatively balanced, so that the alfalfa meal is a grass meal feed raw material for adjusting the palatability and the physicochemical properties of a compound feed; in addition, the alfalfa meal is rich in iron and selenium, and can provide an iron source and a selenium source.
The haematococcus pluvialis powder contains high natural astaxanthin, has high biological value, and can improve various physiological functions such as oxidation resistance, immunity and the like.
The isoleucine is an essential amino acid for breeding animals and is one of branched chain amino acids. Can promote the growth and development of cultured animals, enhance the oxidation resistance of organisms, increase the number of leucocytes, enhance the phagocytic capacity of leucocytes, increase the immunity of immune organs of cultured objects, ensure the health of fish bodies, and reduce the disease incidence and the dosage.
The leucine is an essential amino acid for breeding animals and is also one of branched chain amino acids. Has the physiological functions of oxidation energy supply, protein synthesis promotion, protein degradation inhibition, gluconeogenesis promotion, immunity enhancement and the like.
The methionine is an important sulfur-containing essential amino acid for breeding animals, plays an important role in the metabolic process of organisms, and is a limiting amino acid necessary for breeding animals, particularly a first limiting amino acid of soybean meal in feed raw materials.
The taurine is essential amino acid for growth and development of aquaculture animals, and has the main effects of promoting the growth of the animals, resisting free radical damage, resisting stress and the like.
Preferably, the content of crude protein in the alfalfa meal is more than or equal to 18 percent, and the content of lysine is 0.75 to 0.78 percent.
Preferably, the calcium source is monocalcium phosphate; the phosphorus source is monoammonium phosphate.
The invention also provides a method for improving the immunity of crayfishes, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing the nutritional formulation of any one of claims 1-2 with a basal feed to form a test feed;
step 2: the obtained experimental feed is made into expanded pellet feed by a double-shaft extrusion expander, and then fed according to 1.5-2.5 wt% of the weight of the crayfish every day.
Preferably, the dosage of the nutrition formula in the step 1 is 1-2% of the total weight of the nutrition formula and the basal feed.
Preferably, the specific mode of feeding crayfish in step 2 is as follows: feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 30% of the feeding amount of the feeding day at 6-7 o 'clock in the morning and 70% of the feeding amount of the feeding day at 6-7 o' clock in the afternoon.
The invention also provides application of the nutritional formula for improving the immunity of the crayfish, and the nutritional formula is applied to feed for feeding the crayfish.
Preferably, the feed is formed by mixing the nutrition formula and a basic feed, wherein the nutrition formula accounts for 1-2% of the weight of the feed.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the characteristics of nutritional requirements of the crayfish in high-temperature seasons, the nutritional formula for improving the immunity of the crayfish disclosed by the invention can be used as a grass classification feed raw material by adding alfalfa meal, so that the rich selenium and iron elements are improved, the content of various essential amino acids is balanced, and the grass meal raw material is good in palatability and physical and chemical properties; the addition of haematococcus pluvialis powder, isoleucine and leucine can provide various essential amino acids, mineral elements, astaxanthin and other components for the growth of crayfish, and the immunity of the crayfish can be effectively improved; the methionine is used as the limiting amino acid necessary for the cultured animals, and the addition of the methionine can solve the problem of unbalanced nutrition caused by the replacement of fish meal by overhigh vegetable protein in the crayfish feed, play a role in improving the nutritive value of the protein and saving the protein, further reduce the feed cost and promote the growth of the cultured animals; the taurine is essential amino acid for the growth and development of aquaculture animals, and the addition of a certain amount of taurine can obviously improve the stress reaction of crayfish in high-temperature seasons and effectively improve the breeding survival rate of crayfish. According to the invention, through the addition and mutual coordination of various components of the nutrition formula, after the nutrition formula is added into the crayfish basic feed, compared with a test group not using the nutrition formula, the survival rate can be improved by more than 50%, the survival rate of crayfish is obviously enhanced, and the immunity of crayfish is improved.
The method for improving the immunity of the crayfish disclosed by the invention is to scientifically raise the crayfish according to factors such as the growth cycle of the crayfish, the ingestion rhythm of the crayfish and the like strictly, improve the growth performance of the crayfish, promote the crayfish to exuviate smoothly and enhance the resistance of the crayfish in a high-temperature season. The method has strong operability, is convenient to implement and also has good use effect.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" in the present invention are all parts by mass unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A nutritional formula for improving immunity of crayfishes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 10 parts of haematococcus pluvialis meal, 0.3 part of melatonin, 0.80 part of isoleucines, 0.40 part of leucine, 0.40 part of valine, 0.60 part of methionine, 0.80 part of taurine, 0.85 part of calcium source and 0.45 part of phosphorus source.
A method of enhancing the immunity of crayfish, comprising the steps of:
step 1: uniformly mixing the nutrition formula and the basic feed to prepare an experimental feed; wherein the basic feed is prepared according to the patent with the application number CN 2016105910271;
step 2: the obtained experimental feed is made into expanded pellet feed by a double-shaft extrusion expander, the diameter of the pellet is 2.0mm, the feed is fed according to the amount of 1.5 wt% of the weight of the crayfish every day, the feed is fed for 2 times every day, the feeding amount is 30% of the feeding amount of the feeding day at 6 o 'clock in the morning, and the feeding amount is 70% of the feeding amount of the feeding day at 7 o' clock in the afternoon.
Example 2
A nutritional formula for improving immunity of crayfishes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of alfalfa meal, 5 parts of haematococcus pluvialis meal, 0.4 part of melatonin, 1.00 part of isoleucines, 0.50 part of leucine, 0.50 part of valine, 0.70 part of methionine, 1.40 parts of taurine, 1.00 part of calcium source and 0.60 part of phosphorus source.
A method of enhancing the immunity of crayfish, comprising the steps of:
step 1: uniformly mixing the nutrition formula and the basic feed to prepare an experimental feed; wherein the basic feed is prepared according to the patent with the application number CN 2016105910271;
step 2: the obtained experimental feed is made into expanded pellet feed by a double-shaft extrusion expander, the diameter of the pellet is 2.5mm, the expanded pellet feed is fed for 2 times every day according to the amount of 2 wt% of the weight of the crayfish, the feeding amount of the crayfish is 30% of the feeding amount of the crayfish in the morning at 6:30, and the feeding amount of the crayfish is 70% of the feeding amount of the crayfish in the afternoon at 6: 30.
Example 3
A nutritional formula for improving immunity of crayfishes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of alfalfa meal, 8 parts of haematococcus pluvialis meal, 0.5 part of melatonin, 1.00 part of isoleucines, 0.60 part of leucine, 0.60 part of valine, 0.80 part of methionine, 1.60 parts of taurine, 1.25 parts of a calcium source and 0.85 part of a phosphorus source.
A method of enhancing the immunity of crayfish, comprising the steps of:
step 1: uniformly mixing the nutrition formula and the basic feed to prepare an experimental feed; wherein the basic feed is prepared according to the patent with the application number CN 2016105910271;
step 2: the obtained experimental feed is made into expanded pellet feed by a double-shaft extrusion expander, the diameter of the pellet is 3.0mm, the feed is fed according to the amount of 2.5 wt% of the weight of the crayfish every day, the feed is fed for 2 times every day, the feeding amount is 30% of the feeding amount of the feeding day at 7 o 'clock in the morning and 70% of the feeding amount of the feeding day at 7 o' clock in the afternoon.
Example 4
The application effects of the nutritional formulas of examples 1-3 were verified
1. Test materials
1.1 test reagents
L-DOPA (levodopa, measuring phenol oxidase activity), an acid phosphatase assay kit (WST-1 method, shanghai gaochuan chemical technology ltd), a total superoxide dismutase assay kit (WST-1 method, beijing baiolaoboboblep technologies ltd), and a basal feed for crayfish (the basal feed is prepared by a patent with application number CN 2016105910271).
1.2 test feed
Test feed A: adding the nutrition formula A prepared in the example 1, wherein the addition amount is 1% of the total mass of the basic feed and the nutrition formula; (ii) a
Test feed B: the nutrition formula B prepared in the example 2 is added, and the addition amount is 2 percent of the total mass of the basic feed and the nutrition formula;
test feed C: adding the nutrition formula C prepared in the example 3, wherein the addition amount is 1.5% of the total mass of the basic feed and the nutrition formula;
control feed: a basal feed.
1.3 Experimental Equipment
The device comprises an ultrafine grinder, an enzyme-labeling instrument and an electronic scale.
1.4 test materials
Healthy crayfish larvae with undamaged appearance, uniform size and 10 g/tail specification and taken from a crayfish breeding base.
2. Test method
2.1 test grouping
Dividing the test group into a test group A, a test group B, a test group C and a control group according to test requirements, wherein each group is provided with 3 repetitions, and 20 young crayfish are thrown in each repetition.
2.2 test site
The test site adopts 12 aquarium culture tanks with the length, width and height of 120cm 60cm and the water depth of 40 cm. Before the test is started, plastic pipes are placed in the culture tanks to provide habitat for the crayfishes; after various indexes of the detected water quality are normal and stable, feeding the crayfish larvae in groups according to the above steps, and setting a feeding table to observe the feeding condition of the crayfish.
2.3 Breeding management
And (3) temporarily culturing for 7 days after seedling placement, feeding with basic feed, feeding with the experimental group A, feeding with the experimental group B, feeding with the experimental group C and feeding with the basic feed with the control group after the temporary culture period is finished. The water temperature is controlled to be 32-35 ℃ in the test period, the daily feeding amount of each group is 2 wt% of the weight of the crayfish, the crayfish is fed for 2 times every day, 30% of the daily feeding amount of the crayfish at 7 o 'clock in the morning and 70% of the daily feeding amount of the crayfish at 7 o' clock in the afternoon, the feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the ingestion and growth conditions of the crayfish in the feeding period, and the water level and water quality regulation and control are the same as those in the temporary culture process.
2.4 detection sample Collection
After the test is started, sampling is carried out on the 28 th day, and the sampling steps are as follows: randomly fishing 3 shrimps in each jar, measuring the weight of all shrimps, extracting hemolymph from a pericardial cavity by using a 1mL syringe, putting the shrimps in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ overnight, taking out the shrimps, centrifuging the shrimps for 10min by using a 4 ℃ centrifuge (5000r/min), taking supernatant (serum), and freezing and storing the supernatant at minus 20 ℃ for later use.
2.5 evaluation of Effect
3 indexes of acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and phenol oxidase are selected to evaluate the immune function, wherein the activities of the acid phosphatase and the superoxide dismutase are measured by using corresponding kits, and the activity of the phenol oxidase is measured by using an Ashida method.
3. And (3) test results:
3.1 immune function test:
the change results of the acid phosphatase, the superoxide dismutase and the phenol oxidase of the test group A, the test group B, the test group C and the control group are respectively shown in table 1, and the table 1 shows that the activities of the acid phosphatase, the superoxide dismutase and the phenol oxidase of the test group A, B and the test group C are obviously improved at the 28 th day compared with the control group, so that the nutritional formula for improving the high-temperature seasonal immunity of the crayfish can obviously enhance the immunity of the crayfish.
TABLE 1 Effect of different phagostimulants on crayfish survival, feed utilization, growth
3.2 survival assessment:
after 28 days of experiment, the survival rates of crayfish in the control group, the experiment group a, the experiment group B and the experiment group C were respectively: 63.33%, 91.67%, 95% and 90%. Therefore, the nutritional formula for improving the immunity of crayfishes provided by the invention can enhance the immunity of crayfishes and can obviously improve the survival rate of crayfishes in high-temperature seasons.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The nutritional formula for improving the immunity of crayfishes is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of alfalfa meal, 5-10 parts of haematococcus pluvialis meal, 0.3-0.5 part of melatonin, 0.80-1.00 part of isoleucines, 0.40-0.60 part of leucine, 0.40-0.60 part of valine, 0.60-0.80 part of methionine, 0.80-1.60 parts of taurine, 0.85-1.25 parts of a calcium source and 0.45-0.85 part of a phosphorus source.
2. The nutritional formula for improving the immunity of crayfish according to claim 1, wherein the alfalfa meal contains not less than 18% crude protein and 0.75% -0.78% lysine.
3. The nutritional formulation for enhancing immunity in crayfish of claim 1, wherein said calcium source is monocalcium phosphate; the phosphorus source is monoammonium phosphate.
4. A method of enhancing the immunity of crayfish, comprising the steps of:
step 1: mixing the nutritional formulation of any one of claims 1-2 with a basal feed to form a test feed;
step 2: the obtained experimental feed is made into expanded pellet feed, and then fed according to 1.5-2.5 wt% of crayfish weight every day.
5. The method of using the nutritional composition for enhancing immunity in crayfish according to claim 3, wherein the amount of said nutritional formulation used in step 1 is 1% to 2% of the total weight of said nutritional formulation and said basal feed.
6. The method for using the nutritional component for improving the immunity of crayfish as claimed in claim 3, wherein the crayfish is fed in the step 2 by the specific method comprising the following steps: feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 30% of the feeding amount of the feeding day at 6-7 o 'clock in the morning and 70% of the feeding amount of the feeding day at 6-7 o' clock in the afternoon.
7. Use of the nutritional formulation for enhancing immunity in crayfish of claim 1 in a feed for feeding crayfish.
8. The use of a nutritional formulation for enhancing the immunity of crayfish as in claim 6 wherein the feed is mixed with a basal feed and the nutritional formulation comprises between 1% and 2% of the feed by weight.
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| CN114081109A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-02-25 | 华中农业大学 | Probiotics clostridium butyricum-containing crayfish feed and application thereof in relieving intestinal injury of crayfish caused by anti-nutritional factors |
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| CN114081109A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-02-25 | 华中农业大学 | Probiotics clostridium butyricum-containing crayfish feed and application thereof in relieving intestinal injury of crayfish caused by anti-nutritional factors |
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