CN105639115B - Amino acid-enhanced fermented and enzymolyzed soybean meal and application thereof - Google Patents
Amino acid-enhanced fermented and enzymolyzed soybean meal and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Amino acid-enhanced fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of feed. The paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 95-98% of fermented enzymatic soybean meal, 1-4% of lysine and 0.5-2% of methionine. The invention adopts the combination of 7 beneficial bacteria and 3 enzyme preparations, and carries out aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic state fermentation and enzymolysis on the crushed soybean meal and a small amount of corn meal for 72 hours, so that anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal are eliminated, the cell wall is broken, non-protein nitrogen is converted into mycoprotein, the protein part is decomposed into polypeptide and small peptide, and more B vitamins are generated, the nutritional performance of the soybean meal is comprehensively improved, and the soybean meal becomes a high-quality feed protein source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to amino acid-enhanced fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal and application thereof.
Background
China is a big aquaculture country, and consequently brings great demands on aquatic feeds, and the yield of the aquatic feeds in China accounts for more than 60% of the world. The fish meal occupies a large proportion in the composition of the aquatic feed, and particularly the proportion of the fish meal in the feed of some special aquatic products is up to more than 50 percent, so that China becomes the largest fish meal consuming country. According to the related statistical data, the fish meal consumption in 2011 in China reaches about 145- & 150 million tons, wherein 120 million tons depend on import and account for about 80 percent of the total amount. With the improvement of living standard of people in China, the demand of aquatic products is increasing day by day, and with the change of aquaculture industry in China to large-scale, intensive, specialized and modern production modes, the aquaculture quantity of aquatic products in China is continuously increasing, and the demand of fish meal is in a rapid rising trend in recent years. And the global marine fishery resources are basically stable, and the decline of the marine fishery resources and the unbalance of marine ecology are caused by the mass fishing in recent years. In recent years, the price of the fish meal is rapidly increased due to the increasingly outstanding supply and demand contradiction of the fish meal, and great pressure is exerted on the feed cost of the aquaculture industry including livestock and poultry breeding industry. Therefore, the development of a feed protein source which can replace (or partially replace) fish meal and has low price and rich sources is the urgent need in China, and has great social significance and economic benefit.
The soybean meal is a byproduct generated after soybean oil is extracted from soybeans by adopting an extraction process, and compared with other vegetable proteins, the soybean meal has the characteristics of high protein content (up to 42-48%), excellent amino acid structure, high digestion utilization rate and good palatability, but still has great difference compared with fish meal, and the prominent point is that the digestion utilization rate is low (about 95% of fish meal and about 82% of soybean meal), and the main reason is that the soybean meal has the defect of difficult digestion caused by the existence of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitory factors and the like and the shared cell wall composition characteristics of the vegetable proteins.
The advantages of soybean meal make it the most likely substitute for fish meal, but its disadvantages make it generally not a direct substitute. Therefore, in recent years, people try and put into practice to adopt various scientific means to process and improve the soybean meal so as to eliminate the defects and release the advantages, so that the soybean meal can be maximally used when preparing complete feed, and the dependence on fish meal is reduced. At present, the existing main technology is to apply physical technology to carry out puffing treatment or concentration treatment on soybeans or soybean meal, and products such as soybean protein concentrate or puffed soybeans (soybean meal) and the like are successfully developed and sold; or fermenting or enzymolyzing the bean pulp by using biotechnology to prepare fermented bean pulp or enzymolyzed bean pulp and other products. Production practices show that compared with original soybeans or soybean meal, the product improves the digestion utilization rate and the product performance, but compared with the two technologies, the application biotechnology has more superiority, mainly shows that the plant cell wall breakage rate of the soybean meal and the removal rate of anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal are higher, but the processing cost is lower, in addition, in the process of fermentation or enzymolysis, proteins are decomposed into polypeptides, small peptides and the like, and various beneficial bacteria viable bacteria or mycoprotein and various B vitamins and the like are also produced, so that the nutritional performance of the product is more comprehensive. For this reason, it is the leading direction to apply biotechnology to improve soybean meal.
The invention relates to a technology for improving soybean meal by applying biotechnology. The invention adopts the combination of 7 beneficial bacteria and 3 enzyme preparations, and carries out aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic state fermentation and enzymolysis on the crushed soybean meal and a small amount of corn meal for 72 hours, so that anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal are eliminated, the cell wall is broken, non-protein nitrogen is converted into mycoprotein, the protein part is decomposed into polypeptide and small peptide, and more B vitamins are generated, the nutritional performance of the soybean meal is comprehensively improved, and the soybean meal becomes a high-quality feed protein source.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design and provide an amino acid reinforced fermented enzymatic soybean meal and an application technical scheme thereof.
The amino acid-enhanced fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 95-98% of fermented enzymatic soybean meal, 1-4% of lysine and 0.5-2% of methionine.
The amino acid-enhanced fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 97.85% of fermented enzymatic soybean meal, 1.28% of lysine and 0.87% of methionine.
The amino acid-reinforced fermented enzymatic soybean meal is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
1) preparation of fermentation zymolytic agent
Mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5-10% of pediococcus acidilactici containing more than 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10-15% of enterococcus faecalis containing more than 300 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5-10% of beer yeast containing more than 150 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5-10% of candida utilis containing more than 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5-10% of bacillus subtilis containing more than 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5-10% of bacillus licheniformis containing more than 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10-15% of rhodopseudomonas palustris containing more than 50 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 1-1.5% of neutral protease with the enzyme activity of 100 ten thousand/g, 1-2% of cellulase with the enzyme activity of 180 ten thousand mono/g, 0.5-1% of xylanase with the enzyme activity of 1800 ten thousand/g, 5-7% of auxiliary agent and the balance of microbial powder carrier, the auxiliary agent is saccharin, and the microbial powder carrier is moringa powder, diatomite, corncob powder and/or light calcium carbonate;
2) preparation of fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
a. Crushing the bean pulp and the corn, and sieving the crushed materials by a 40-mesh sieve;
b. mixing the soybean meal powder and the corn flour according to the following weight ratio: 80-95% of soybean meal powder and 5-20% of corn flour, and then adding a fermentation zymolytic agent accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the soybean meal powder and the corn flour, and uniformly mixing;
c. uniformly mixing the uniformly mixed powder material according to the proportion of 40-60 percent and clean water according to the proportion of 40-60 percent;
d. placing the above materials in a sealable sanitary container, sealing without compacting, controlling the environmental temperature at 25-35 deg.C, opening the seal when fermenting for 36h, turning over the pile, sealing again, and fermenting for 36 h;
e. unsealing the materials, drying, controlling the temperature of a drying heat source below 110 ℃, controlling the moisture of the dried objects below 14% in the northern area or below 12.5% in the southern area, and packaging for later use.
The amino acid-enhanced fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal is used as complete feed for aquatic animals.
The invention is applied to fermenting bean pulp of various grades and starch feeds such as corn, wheat, rice and the like to become a protein source which can partially replace fish meal in the complete feed of aquatic animals.
The invention has the following characteristics: 1. the selected strains are all beneficial strains approved by the national ministry of agriculture to be used as feed additives, and the feeding safety is reliable; the selected strains have strong strain activity, the strains have a synergistic symbiotic relationship, and are suitable for the environments of aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic fermentation stages, the initial quantity of viable bacteria of the strains is high, the advantage of flora of beneficial microorganisms can be formed after the fermentation is started, the growth and the propagation of harmful microorganisms can be effectively inhibited, and the soybean meal fermentation process is carried out along the performance of the beneficial microorganism flora. The selected enzyme or enzyme preparation has the synergistic effect with the selected strains in function, can rapidly decompose protein, starch, cellulose and the like in bean pulp and corn, promotes the improvement of the nutritional performance of materials, is beneficial to the growth and the reproduction of microbial flora, and powerfully improves the fermentation effect. 2. After 90% of soybean meal (secondary) and 10% of corn are fermented, the protein content can be increased by about 12.2% (accounting for the total amount of the materials), the essential amino acid content is increased, the polypeptide and small peptide content is increased (the small peptide content can reach about 4-5%), various anti-nutritional factors are basically eliminated, the antigen substances in the soybean meal are decomposed, the plant protein cell walls are greatly broken, the digestibility of the materials is greatly improved, and the digestibility is close to that of fish meal. 3. The feed also produces a large amount of functional products such as probiotics (fixed as mycoprotein after being dried), organic acid, multiple vitamins (mainly B vitamins), biological antibiotics, unknown growth factors, fragrant substances and the like, so that the nutritive value of the material is comprehensively improved, and the palatability is further improved. 4. Proper amount of lysine and methionine is added for amino acid balance, so that it becomes a new protein source for replacing or partially replacing fish meal feed.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1: preparation of fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
1) Preparation of fermentation zymolytic agent
Mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5kg of pediococcus acidilactici containing 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10kg of enterococcus faecalis containing 300 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5kg of beer yeast containing 150 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5kg of candida utilis containing 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5kg of bacillus subtilis containing 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5kg of bacillus licheniformis containing 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10kg of rhodopseudomonas palustris containing 50 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 1kg of neutral protease with the enzyme activity of 100 million/g, 1kg of cellulase with the enzyme activity of 180 million mono/g, 0.5kg of xylanase with the enzyme activity of 1800 million/g, 5kg of saccharin and 47.5kg of corn cob meal;
2) preparation of fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
a. Crushing the bean pulp and the corn, and sieving the crushed materials by a 40-mesh sieve;
b. mixing the soybean meal powder and the corn flour according to the following weight ratio: 90% of soybean meal powder and 10% of corn flour, and then adding a fermentation zymolytic agent accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the soybean meal powder and the corn flour, and uniformly mixing;
c. uniformly mixing the uniformly mixed powder material according to the proportion of 40 percent and clean water according to the proportion of 60 percent;
d. placing the above materials in a sealable sanitary container, sealing without compacting, controlling the environmental temperature at 25-35 deg.C, opening the seal when fermenting for 36h, turning over the pile, sealing again, and fermenting for 36 h;
e. unsealing the materials, drying, controlling the temperature of a drying heat source below 110 ℃, controlling the moisture of the dried objects below 14% in the northern area or below 12.5% in the southern area, and packaging for later use.
Example 2: preparation of fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
1) Preparation of fermentation zymolytic agent
Mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 6kg of pediococcus acidilactici containing 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 12kg of enterococcus faecalis containing 300 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 6kg of beer yeast containing 150 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 6kg of candida utilis containing 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 6kg of bacillus subtilis containing 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 6kg of bacillus licheniformis containing 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 12kg of rhodopseudomonas palustris containing 50 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 1.2kg of neutral protease with the enzyme activity of 100 million/g, 1.2kg of cellulase with the enzyme activity of 180 million mono/g, 0.6kg of xylanase with the enzyme activity of 1800 million/g, 5.5kg of saccharin and 37.5kg of corn cob meal;
2) preparation of fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
a. Crushing the bean pulp and the corn, and sieving the crushed materials by a 40-mesh sieve;
b. mixing the soybean meal powder and the corn flour according to the following weight ratio: 80% of soybean meal powder and 20% of corn flour, and then adding a fermentation zymolytic agent accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the soybean meal powder and the corn flour, and uniformly mixing;
c. uniformly mixing the uniformly mixed powder material according to the proportion of 50 percent and clean water according to the proportion of 50 percent;
d. placing the above materials in a sealable sanitary container, sealing without compacting, controlling the environmental temperature at 25-35 deg.C, opening the seal when fermenting for 36h, turning over the pile, sealing again, and fermenting for 36 h;
e. unsealing the materials, drying, controlling the temperature of a drying heat source below 110 ℃, controlling the moisture of the dried objects below 14% in the northern area or below 12.5% in the southern area, and packaging for later use.
Example 3: preparation of fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
1) Preparation of fermentation zymolytic agent
Mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10kg of pediococcus acidilactici containing 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 15kg of enterococcus faecalis containing 300 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10kg of beer yeast containing 150 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10kg of candida utilis containing 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10kg of bacillus subtilis containing 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10kg of bacillus licheniformis containing 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 15kg of rhodopseudomonas palustris containing 50 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 1.5kg of neutral protease with the enzyme activity of 100 million/g, 2kg of cellulase with the enzyme activity of 180 million mono/g, 1kg of xylanase with the enzyme activity of 1800 million/g, 7kg of saccharin, powdered swew grass, diatomite, corncob meal and/or light calcium carbonate, 8.5 kg;
2) preparation of fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
a. Crushing the bean pulp and the corn, and sieving the crushed materials by a 40-mesh sieve;
b. mixing the soybean meal powder and the corn flour according to the following weight ratio: 95% of soybean meal powder and 5% of corn flour, and then adding a fermentation zymolytic agent accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the soybean meal powder and the corn flour, and uniformly mixing;
c. uniformly mixing the uniformly mixed powder material according to the proportion of 60 percent and clean water according to the proportion of 40 percent;
d. placing the above materials in a sealable sanitary container, sealing without compacting, controlling the environmental temperature at 25-35 deg.C, opening the seal when fermenting for 36h, turning over the pile, sealing again, and fermenting for 36 h;
e. unsealing the materials, drying, controlling the temperature of a drying heat source below 110 ℃, controlling the moisture of the dried objects below 14% in the northern area or below 12.5% in the southern area, and packaging for later use.
Example 4: preparation of amino acid reinforced fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
The raw materials were mixed according to 97.85% of the fermented enzymatic soybean meal obtained in example 1, 1.28% of lysine and 0.87% of methionine.
Example 5: preparation of amino acid reinforced fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
The raw materials were mixed according to the fermented enzymatic soybean meal obtained in example 2 of 95%, lysine 4% and methionine 1%.
Example 6: preparation of amino acid reinforced fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
The raw materials were mixed according to the fermented enzymatic soybean meal of 98%, lysine of 1.5% and methionine of 0.5% obtained in example 3.
Example 7: the nutrient composition change table of the amino acid-fortified fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal before fermentation, after fermentation and after compounding in example 4 is as follows:
table 1: basic nutrition index change table before and after fermentation
TABLE 2 Change before and after fermentation of essential amino acids Table (unit:%)
Example 8: the amino acid reinforced fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal obtained in the embodiment 4 is used for replacing fish meal in freshwater shrimp culture according to the control test result:
freshwater shrimp selection and breeding mode and feed formula
Experimental freshwater shrimps were purchased from Ponda ecological agriculture, Inc. Huzhou, and had an average body weight of (0.1030. + -. 0.0002) g. After 7 days of domestication by using the feed of a control group, 1250 tails are selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, each group is 5 repeated, each group is 50 repeated, the groups are randomly placed into an aquarium with the volume of 300L by taking the repetition as a unit, and a certain amount of net sheets are placed in each aquarium to serve as eluents so as to reduce mutual residue of experimental shrimps. The experiment was carried out at the life science institute of Huzhou institute of teachers and Engineers (Zhejiang province aquatic biological resource maintenance and development technology research focus laboratory, Chinese aquatic product science research institute aquatic animal breeding and nutrition focus laboratory) in 7 months to 2013 and 9 months in 2013, and the experiment was carried out at 07: 00 sewage suction and water change (the water change amount is about 1/3), the water source used in the test is aerated tap water, and the water quality conditions are as follows: the water temperature is 25-29 ℃, the pH value is 7.6-8.1, the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 6.5mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.01 mg/L. Daily 07: 30. 17: and feeding 1 time of feed for 00 times, wherein the feeding amount is 4-5% of the weight of the shrimps, sucking out the residual feed in the box after feeding for 2 hours, drying and weighing for calculating the food intake. The culture trial lasted 8 weeks.
The experimental feed is prepared by the institute of Life sciences of the Huzhou academy of education (the important laboratory of conservation and development of aquatic biological resources in Zhejiang province and the important laboratory of aquatic animal breeding and nutrition in the Chinese aquatic product science academy). Fish meal is imported high-quality white fish meal, has a crude protein content of 66.69% and a crude fat content of 9.10%, and is provided by JINGJING feed GYO GmbH. The amino acid-enriched fermented and enzymolyzed soybean meal is prepared by the method described in example 4, and has a crude protein content of 47.7% and a crude fat content of 0.47%. The amino acid reinforced fermented enzymolyzed bean dregs are used to replace 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of protein in fish meal to prepare 5 kinds of freshwater shrimp complete feed with equal nitrogen energy. The experimental feed formulations and nutritional ingredients are detailed in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 test feed composition and nutrient level
TABLE 4 amino acid composition of the test feeds
Test results
The influence on the growth performance, survival rate and feed coefficient of shrimp bodies after the freshwater shrimps are fed by using the amino acid reinforced fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal to replace fish meal according to the proportion of 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the protein content of the fish meal to prepare the complete feed is detailed in table 5.
TABLE 5 growth Performance of groups of freshwater shrimps
As can be seen from Table 5, when the ratio of amino acid-fortified fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal replacing fish meal in the feed is 50%, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the freshwater shrimps reach the maximum value, the weight gain rate is increased by 22.3% compared with the control group, and the feed coefficient is reduced by 7.3%; when 75% of the fish meal is replaced by the amino acid-enhanced fermented enzymatic soybean meal, the weight gain ratio is improved by 10.5% compared with that of a control group, and the feed coefficient is reduced by 5.6%, which is obviously higher than that of a full fish meal group and a full fermented enzymatic soybean meal group (P is less than 0.05). The survival rate of the shrimps in each group is not remarkably different (P is more than 0.05).
Claims (3)
1. The amino acid-enhanced fermented and enzymolyzed soybean meal is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 95-98% of fermented enzymatic soybean meal, 1-4% of lysine and 0.5-2% of methionine;
the fermented enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal is obtained through the following steps:
1) preparation of fermentation zymolytic agent
Mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5-10% of pediococcus acidilactici containing more than 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10-15% of enterococcus faecalis containing more than 300 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5-10% of beer yeast containing more than 150 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5-10% of candida utilis containing more than 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5-10% of bacillus subtilis containing more than 100 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 5-10% of bacillus licheniformis containing more than 200 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 10-15% of rhodopseudomonas palustris containing more than 50 hundred million/g of live bacteria, 1-1.5% of neutral protease with the enzyme activity of 100 ten thousand/g, 1-2% of cellulase with the enzyme activity of 180 ten thousand mono/g, 0.5-1% of xylanase with the enzyme activity of 1800 ten thousand/g, 5-7% of auxiliary agent and the balance of microbial powder carrier, the auxiliary agent is saccharin, and the microbial powder carrier is moringa powder, diatomite, corncob powder and/or light calcium carbonate;
2) preparation of fermented enzymolysis soybean meal
a. Crushing the bean pulp and the corn, and sieving the crushed materials by a 40-mesh sieve;
b. mixing the soybean meal powder and the corn flour according to the following weight ratio: 80-95% of soybean meal powder and 5-20% of corn flour, and then adding a fermentation zymolytic agent accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the soybean meal powder and the corn flour, and uniformly mixing;
c. uniformly mixing the uniformly mixed powder material according to the proportion of 40-60 percent and clean water according to the proportion of 40-60 percent;
d. placing the above materials in a sealable sanitary container, sealing without compacting, controlling the environmental temperature at 25-35 deg.C, opening the seal when fermenting for 36h, turning over the pile, sealing again, and fermenting for 36 h;
e. unsealing the materials, drying, controlling the temperature of a drying heat source below 110 ℃, controlling the moisture of the dried objects below 14% in the northern area or below 12.5% in the southern area, and packaging for later use.
2. The amino acid-fortified fermented enzymatic hydrolyzed soybean meal according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 97.85% of fermented enzymatic soybean meal, 1.28% of lysine and 0.87% of methionine.
3. The use of the amino acid-fortified fermented enzymatic soybean meal of claim 1 or 2 as complete feed for aquatic animals.
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| CN102763768A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-11-07 | 山东和实集团有限公司 | Production process of fermented soybean meal by synchronous solid fermentation and enzymolysis |
| CN104431320A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 安佑生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Functional complex microbial inoculant for preparing fermented soybean meal and application of functional complex microbial inoculant |
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| CN102763768A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-11-07 | 山东和实集团有限公司 | Production process of fermented soybean meal by synchronous solid fermentation and enzymolysis |
| CN104431320A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 安佑生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Functional complex microbial inoculant for preparing fermented soybean meal and application of functional complex microbial inoculant |
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