CN113303409B - Low-fish-meal compound feed additive for sea bass and feed - Google Patents
Low-fish-meal compound feed additive for sea bass and feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN113303409B CN113303409B CN202110645805.1A CN202110645805A CN113303409B CN 113303409 B CN113303409 B CN 113303409B CN 202110645805 A CN202110645805 A CN 202110645805A CN 113303409 B CN113303409 B CN 113303409B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-fish-meal compound feed additive for sea bass and a feed, wherein the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 40 portions of crystal amino acid, 1.3 to 5 portions of immunopotentiator, 1 to 2 portions of compound vitamin, 10 to 40 portions of compound mineral salt and 0.4 to 2 portions of enzyme preparation. The additive is based on comprehensive and systematic research on the nutritional requirements of the sea bass, the formed additive for the low-fish-meal feed of the sea bass is used for building feed micronutrient balance by compounding specific amino acid, mineral substances and vitamins, and adding a specific enzyme preparation and an immunopotentiator to improve the utilization efficiency of vegetable protein in the feed, so that the nutritional requirements of the sea bass can be effectively met when the additive is applied to the sea bass feed with 14-16 wt% of fish meal content, the growth speed and the feed utilization efficiency of the sea bass are improved, the anti-oxidation performance of the sea bass is enhanced, and the breeding effect of the high-fish-meal sea bass feed with 30wt% is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a low-fish-meal compound feed additive for sea bass and a feed.
Background
Lateolabrax japonicus, known as Japanese bass, belongs to the order Perch, the family bass, and has the characteristics of high growth speed, delicious meat quality and the like. In recent years, the domestic sea bass yield reaches about 20 ten thousand tons, and is one of the marine culture fishes with the highest domestic yield. The fish meal is prepared from pelagic fishes, is a main protein source in a plurality of aquaculture varieties, particularly in carnivorous fishes and shrimp feeds, and is also a main protein source of sea bass feeds. The fish meal has high protein content, high digestibility, balanced amino acids, less anti-nutritional factors, high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and rich trace elements, so that the fish meal is difficult to replace by other protein sources. However, as the total amount of aquaculture is continuously increased, the demand of aquatic feed for fish meal is higher and higher, and the supply and demand of fish meal cannot reach balance, so that the fish meal feed becomes one of important factors limiting the rapid and healthy development of the aquaculture industry.
The vegetable protein source is a main choice for replacing fish meal in the feed due to low yield and low price, but compared with the fish meal, the vegetable protein source has obvious disadvantages and can only replace limited amount of fish meal due to the common characteristics of low protein content, unbalanced amino acid, high anti-nutritional factor content, high fiber and non-starch polysaccharide content, low digestibility and the like. After the vegetable protein replaces part of fish meal, the low-fish-meal compound feed generally has the problems of unbalanced nutrition, low digestibility and the like, so that the fish body generates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, and the health of the fish body is influenced. For sea bass, the sea bass belongs to aquatic product varieties which are relatively dependent on fish meal, the fish meal content in the conventional feed is 25wt% -35 wt%, and how to reduce the fish meal content in the sea bass feed and improve the breeding effect is a difficult problem in the current sea bass breeding.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a low fish meal compound feed for the cultivation of the sea bass, which can reduce the fish meal content in the sea bass feed, not only can reduce the feed cost, but also can reduce the environmental burden and promote the sustainable development of the sea bass feed industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-fish-meal compound feed additive for sea bass and feed, and the feed additive is applied to the low-fish-meal compound feed for the sea bass, so that the growth speed and the feed utilization efficiency of the sea bass can be improved, the oxidation resistance of the sea bass is enhanced, the culture effect basically identical to that of common high-fish-meal feed is achieved, the fish meal content is reduced, the feed utilization rate is improved, the environmental burden is reduced, and the sustainable development of the sea bass feed industry is promoted.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention firstly provides a low fish meal compound feed additive for sea bass, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 40 portions of crystal amino acid, 1.3 to 5 portions of immunopotentiator, 1 to 2 portions of compound vitamin, 10 to 40 portions of compound mineral salt and 0.4 to 2 portions of enzyme preparation;
the content of the fish meal in the low fish meal compound feed is 14-16 wt%.
On the basis of comprehensive and systematic research on nutrition requirements of the sea bass, the additive builds feed micronutrient balance by compounding specific amino acids, minerals and vitamins, and adds specific enzyme preparations and immunopotentiators, so that the absorption and utilization efficiency of the vegetable protein in the low-fish-meal compound feed for the sea bass is improved, and the inflammatory reaction induced by the vegetable protein is improved.
Preferably, the crystalline amino acid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2 to 4 portions of methionine, 4 to 10 portions of lysine, 1 to 4 portions of threonine, 0 to 4 portions of arginine, 0 to 4 portions of isoleucine, 2 to 6 portions of glycine, 0 to 6 portions of alanine, 0 to 4 portions of taurine, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of ornithine and 0.2 to 0.6 portion of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which are shown in the embodiment 1.
Preferably, the immunopotentiator is any one or more of mannan oligosaccharide, astragalus polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid, see example 1.
Preferably, the compound vitamin comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 2 portions of choline, 0 to 0.01 portion of vitamin B, 0 to 0.5 portion of nicotinic acid and 0 to 0.01 portion of vitamin K, see example 1.
Preferably, the composite mineral salt consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 40 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0 to 1 part of iron sulfate heptahydrate, 0 to 1 part of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0 to 0.01 part of sodium selenite monohydrate, as shown in example 1.
Preferably, the enzyme preparation is any one or more of phytase, protease, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme, see example 1.
Further preferably, the protease is an acid protease; the non-starch polysaccharidase is cellulase.
The feed additive of the invention can be prepared by a common premix production process, and has no special requirements on the production process.
In addition, the invention also provides a sea bass feed containing the additive.
Preferably, the additive is added in an amount of 4wt% to 6wt%, see example 2.
Most preferably, the additive is added in an amount of 5wt%, see example 2.
Preferably, the feed is a low fish meal compound feed, and the content of the fish meal in the low fish meal compound feed is 14-16 wt%. The low fish meal compound feed additive can effectively improve the feeding effect of the sea bass under the condition of reducing the fish meal content in the sea bass feed to 14-16 wt%, overcomes the problem of single protein source unbalanced amino acid in the low fish meal sea bass feed, is beneficial to improving the feed utilization rate, reduces the ammonia nitrogen emission and reduces the environmental pollution.
The sea bass feed of the invention can be prepared by the common sea bass feed production process, and has no special requirements on the production process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides the additive for the low fish meal feed of the jewfish, which is formed on the basis of carrying out comprehensive and systematic research on nutritional requirements of the jewfish, and the feed additive is applied to the low fish meal compound feed of the jewfish, so that the growth speed and the feed utilization efficiency of the jewfish can be improved, the anti-oxidation performance of the jewfish is enhanced, and the culture effect basically same as that of the high fish meal feed is achieved.
(2) The problem of unbalanced plant protein source amino acid added in the low-fish-meal jewfish feed is solved, the feed utilization rate is favorably improved, the ammonia nitrogen emission is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
(3) The feed additive of the invention has simple and feasible production process and is convenient for large-scale popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
The materials used in the following examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The protein digestibility, the feed efficiency and the survival rate in each example are respectively calculated according to the following formulas:
protein digestibility (%) =100 × (1-fecal protein content/fecal marker content × feed marker content/feed protein content);
feed efficiency (%) = (final weight-initial weight)/feed intake × 100;
survival (%) = final fish tail/initial fish tail × 100.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of additives of different proportions
This example provides a series of additives 1-5 suitable for a low fish meal compound feed for sea bass, each additive formulation is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 additive 1-5 formulations
The protease in Table 1 is acid protease, and the non-starch polysaccharide enzyme is cellulase.
Weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the components in the table 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain the additive 1-5.
Example 2 preparation of Compound feed for Lateolabrax japonicus
The embodiment provides 6 sea bass compound feeds, and the specific formula is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 feed 1-6 formulations
Wherein, the feed 2-6 are respectively added with the additives 1-5 prepared in the example 1.
The raw materials are weighed according to the weight parts of the components in the table 2, and the compound feed 1-6 for the sea bass is prepared according to the conventional sea bass feed production process.
Comparative examples 1 to 5
The feeds of comparative examples 1 to 5 were different from feed 4 in example 2 in that:
(1) Comparative example 1 no additive;
(2) The additive of comparative example 2 was added in 5 parts, except that the additive was crystalline amino acid, the proportion of which was the same as that in additive 3;
(3) The additive of the comparative example 3 is 5 parts, except that the additive is a mixture of vitamin complex and complex mineral salt, and the proportion of the vitamin complex and the complex mineral salt in the additive 3 is the same as that of the vitamin complex and the complex mineral salt in the additive 3;
(4) The additive of comparative example 4 is 5 parts, and the difference is that the additive is a mixture of crystalline amino acid, compound vitamin and compound mineral salt, and the proportions of the crystalline amino acid, the compound vitamin and the compound mineral salt in the additive 3 are the same;
(5) The additive of comparative example 5 was added in 5 parts, which differs from additive 3 in that: the immunopotentiator comprises 0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 0.3 part of astragalus polysaccharide and 0.2 part of chlorogenic acid.
Experimental example 1 growth performance and feed utilization of sea bass fed with different feeds
1. Experimental methods
Under the condition that the conditions of water quality, management, initial weight of young sea bass and the like are the same, the feeds 1 to 6 in the example 2 and the feeds in the comparative examples 1 to 5 are manually fed to the sea bass for 56 days, respectively, and the feeding amount per day is 3% of the weight of the sea bass by 2 times (8 00 and 17.
2. Results of the experiment
(1) The growth performance and feed efficiency results of the different treatment groups of sea bass are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3
Note: results are expressed as "mean ± sem", triplicates in each group, and significant differences (P < 0.05) were indicated if the letters after the data were different in the same row.
As can be seen from table 3, there was no significant difference in the terminal weight, protein digestion rate, feed efficiency and survival rate of the sea bass among the groups, and the terminal weight, protein digestion rate and feed efficiency of the sea bass fed with the feed 4 were the highest among the groups. Experimental results show that the additive provided by the invention can effectively meet the nutritional requirements of the sea bass when being applied to the sea bass feed with 14-16 wt% of fish meal content, the growth speed and the feed utilization efficiency of the sea bass are improved, and the breeding effect of the sea bass feed with 30wt% of high fish meal content is achieved.
TABLE 4
Note: results are expressed as "mean ± sem", triplicates in each group, and significant differences (P < 0.05) in the same row if the letters after the data are different.
It can be seen from a combination of tables 3 and 4 that the lack of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzyme preparations or immunopotentiators in the additive reduces the application effect thereof, and has negative effects on growth and feed utilization of the sea bass.
(2) The results of the antioxidant capacity of the different treated groups of sea bass are shown in tables 5 and 6.
TABLE 5
Note: results are expressed as "mean ± sem", triplicates in each group, and significant differences (P < 0.05) were indicated if the letters after the data were different in the same row.
As can be seen from table 5, there was no significant difference in SOD and CAT activities and MDA content of the sea bass between the groups, and the SOD and CAT activities of the sea bass ingested with the feed 4 were highest among the groups and the MDA content was lowest among the groups. Experimental results show that the additive can improve the oxidation resistance of the sea bass when being applied to the sea bass feed with 14-16 wt% of fish meal content, and the effect of the sea bass feed with 30wt% of high fish meal content is achieved.
TABLE 6
Note: results are expressed as "mean ± sem", triplicates in each group, and significant differences (P < 0.05) in the same row if the letters after the data are different.
It can be seen from the combination of tables 5 and 6 that the lack of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzyme preparations or immunopotentiators in the additive can negatively affect the antioxidant performance of the jewfish, which indicates that the amino acids, minerals, vitamins, enzyme preparations and immunopotentiators are not necessary for the additive of the low fish meal content (14 wt% -16 wt%) feed of the jewfish, and the additive can meet the nutritional requirements of the jewfish after being compounded at a specific dosage, thereby improving the growth speed and the feed utilization efficiency of the jewfish, enhancing the antioxidant performance of the jewfish and achieving the breeding effect of 30wt% of high fish meal jewfish feed.
The applicant declares that the above detailed description is a preferred embodiment described for the convenience of understanding the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented by means of the above embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected materials and additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes and the like, which are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention, are contemplated by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The low-fish-meal compound feed additive for the sea bass is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 40 portions of crystal amino acid, 1.3 to 5 portions of immunopotentiator, 1 to 2 portions of compound vitamin, 10 to 40 portions of compound mineral salt and 0.4 to 2 portions of enzyme preparation;
the content of the fish meal in the low fish meal compound feed is 14 to 16 weight percent;
the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of methionine, 4-10 parts of lysine, 1-4 parts of threonine, 0-4 parts of arginine, 0-4 parts of isoleucine, 2-6 parts of glycine, 0-6 parts of alanine, 0-4 parts of taurine, 0.2-0.4 part of ornithine and 0.2-0.6 part of gamma-aminobutyric acid;
the compound vitamin comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 2 portions of choline, 0 to 0.01 portion of vitamin B, 0 to 0.5 portion of nicotinic acid and 0 to 0.01 portion of vitamin K;
the composite mineral salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 40 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0 to 1 part of iron sulfate heptahydrate, 0 to 1 part of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0 to 0.01 part of sodium selenite monohydrate.
2. The additive of claim 1, wherein the immunopotentiator is a mannooligosaccharide, an astragalus polysaccharide, chlorogenic acid.
3. Additive according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme preparation is a phytase, a protease, a non-starch polysaccharide enzyme.
4. A feed for sea bass comprising the additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The feed of claim 4, wherein the additive is added in an amount of 4wt% to 6wt%.
6. The feed of claim 5, wherein the additive is added in an amount of 5wt%.
7. The sea bass feed of claim 4, wherein the feed is a low fish meal compound feed, and the content of fish meal in the low fish meal compound feed is 14-16 wt%.
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| CN105581055A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-18 | 浙江大学舟山海洋研究中心 | Feed for Acanthopagrus schlegelii juvenile fish |
| CN106798196A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-06-06 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | A kind of low fish meal jewfish expanding compound feed of recycling glasswort |
| CN110353131A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-22 | 华南师范大学 | Low meal compound feed of a kind of jewfish and preparation method thereof |
| CN112293570A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-02-02 | 广东海洋大学 | Litopenaeus vannamei low-fish-meal compound feed suitable for low-salinity culture conditions |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| CN105581055A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-18 | 浙江大学舟山海洋研究中心 | Feed for Acanthopagrus schlegelii juvenile fish |
| CN106798196A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-06-06 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | A kind of low fish meal jewfish expanding compound feed of recycling glasswort |
| CN110353131A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-22 | 华南师范大学 | Low meal compound feed of a kind of jewfish and preparation method thereof |
| CN112293570A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-02-02 | 广东海洋大学 | Litopenaeus vannamei low-fish-meal compound feed suitable for low-salinity culture conditions |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 低鱼粉水产饲料的研究与应用;冷向军;《饲料工业》;20201125;第41卷(第22期);第1-8页 * |
| 发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸、植酸酶对花鲈幼鱼生长性能及养殖水质的影响;杨艳玲等;《饲料工业》;20190525(第10期);第47-53页 * |
| 晶体氨基酸提高混合动物蛋白替代花鲈饲料中鱼粉的潜力;胡亮等;《水产学报》;20110215(第02期);第269页第1.1节、表1，第273页第4节 * |
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