CN114009625A - Aquaculture feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aquaculture feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and discloses an aquaculture feed and a preparation method thereof. The feed contains microbial fermentation feed, bean cake, rapeseed cake, sweet potato powder, corn flour, sodium chloride and vitamin B6; the preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed comprises the following steps: inoculating cordyceps and schizochytrium to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation, then carrying out solid-liquid separation on a fermentation product, and drying the separated solid to obtain the microbial fermentation feed. Under the same aquaculture condition, the usage amount of the aquaculture feed is obviously reduced, and the aquaculture density can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to an aquaculture feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is the largest aquatic product breeding country in the world at present, and the aquatic product breeding accounts for about 70 percent of the total breeding amount in the world. The aquatic feed is specially used as feed for aquatic animal culture. According to the variety of feeding, the aquatic feed can be divided into fish feed, shrimp feed and crab feed; according to the characteristics of the feed, the feed can be divided into a compound feed, a concentrated feed and a premixed feed. Raw materials for producing the aquatic feed mainly comprise fish meal, grain raw materials and grease, wherein the fish meal and the grain raw materials usually account for more than 50% of the cost of the feed.
High density intensification is an important feature of current aquaculture. The high-density culture improves the feeding amount, increases the culture garbage in the water body and further deteriorates the water quality. The content of dissolved oxygen in water is reduced, and the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite exceeds the standard. These factors can cause oxidative damage to fish, thereby reducing the digestive absorption of feed by fish, reducing the growth and immune function of fish, and increasing the morbidity and mortality of fish. How to minimize these hazards while maintaining high density culture conditions. Since the national ministry of agriculture releases announcements in 2020, antibiotics are prohibited from being added into the feed, so how to improve the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory performance of the feed under the condition of not adding antibiotics, the quality of the fish feed is a key factor influencing the water ecosystem, the disease resistance of the fish and the quality, and therefore, the new feed capable of improving the fish culture density is important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aquaculture feed and a preparation method thereof, under the same aquaculture condition, the using amount of the aquaculture feed is obviously reduced, and the aquaculture density can be effectively improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides in a first aspect an aquaculture feed comprising a microbial fermented feed, soybean cake, rapeseed cake, sweet potato flour, corn flour, sodium chloride and vitamin B6;
the preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed comprises the following steps: inoculating cordyceps and Schizochytrium sp to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation culture, then carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation culture product, and drying the separated solid to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
Preferably, the weight parts of the soybean cake, the rapeseed cake, the sweet potato powder, the corn flour, the sodium chloride and the vitamin B are respectively 10-30 parts, 5-15 parts, 5-30 parts, 10-45 parts, 5-20 parts and 60.5-1.5 parts, based on 30 parts of the microbial co-fermented feed.
Further preferably, the weight parts of the soybean cake are 15-25, the weight parts of the rapeseed cake are 8-12, the sweet potato powder is 8-20, the corn flour is 15-30, the sodium chloride is 8-15 and the vitamin B is 60.7-1 based on 30 of the microbial co-fermented feed.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the fermentation culture is shake culture.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the drying is freeze-drying.
Preferably, the ratio of the inoculation amounts of the cordyceps and the schizochytrium is 1: 1-3.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises the step of powdering the dried solid to enable the particle size of the dried solid to be less than or equal to 0.2 μm.
Further preferably, the powdering treatment is air-jet pulverization.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an aquaculture feed, comprising the steps of:
(1) inoculating cordyceps and schizochytrium to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation culture, then carrying out solid-liquid separation on a fermentation culture product, and drying the separated solid to obtain a microbial fermentation feed;
(2) uniformly mixing the microbial fermented feed, the bean cake, the rapeseed cake, the sweet potato powder, the corn flour, the sodium chloride and the vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed.
Preferably, in step (1), the fermentation culture is shake culture.
Preferably, in step (1), the drying is freeze-drying.
Preferably, the ratio of the inoculation amounts of the cordyceps and the schizochytrium is 1: 1-3.
Preferably, the step (1) further comprises: and (3) performing powder grinding treatment on the dried solid to enable the particle size of the solid to be less than or equal to 0.2 mu m.
Further preferably, the powdering treatment is air-jet pulverization.
Preferably, in the step (2), the soybean cake accounts for 10-30 parts by weight, the rapeseed cake accounts for 5-15 parts by weight, the sweet potato powder accounts for 5-30 parts by weight, the corn flour accounts for 10-45 parts by weight, the sodium chloride accounts for 5-20 parts by weight, and the vitamin B accounts for 60.5-1.5 parts by weight, based on 30 parts by weight of the microbial co-fermented feed.
Further preferably, in the step (2), the weight parts of the soybean cake are 15-25, the weight parts of the rapeseed cake are 8-12, the weight parts of the sweet potato powder are 8-20, the weight parts of the corn flour are 15-30, the weight parts of the sodium chloride are 8-15, and the weight parts of the vitamin B is 60.7-1 based on the weight parts of the microbial co-fermented feed.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the aquaculture feed provided by the invention, the microbial fermentation feed prepared by co-fermenting cordyceps and schizochytrium is adopted, in the microbial fermentation process, the co-fermentation of the cordyceps and the schizochytrium can effectively improve the synthesis capacity of grease in the fermentation process, and can provide various bioactive substances, so that enough nutrient substances are provided for aquaculture, the meat quality and the nutritional value of aquatic products are effectively improved, the growth of the aquatic products is promoted, and the cost of the feed is effectively controlled.
(2) The aquaculture feed provided by the invention comprises bean cakes, rapeseed cakes, sweet potato powder, corn flour, sodium chloride, vitamin B6, microbial co-fermentation feed and the like, is reasonable in feed formula and comprehensive in nutrition, contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, also contains protein, fat, cellulose and rich organic matters, can be directly ingested by aquatic products, can be used for culturing plankton to indirectly supply water for aquaculture, and can greatly improve aquaculture density.
(3) Adenosine, DHA and other bioactive substances can be generated in the fermentation process of cordyceps and schizochytrium, adenosine is a nucleoside substance with antibacterial activity, has antiviral and antibacterial components, and improves the antibacterial capacity and antiviral capacity in the aquaculture process; and adenosine can effectively promote the blood supply of the heart machine of aquatic products, thereby improving the oxygen uptake capacity of the aquatic products and providing more oxygen for organisms so as to realize high-density culture. DHA, as a precursor of the phospholipid constituting the cell membrane, plays an important role in the composition of essential fatty acid in aquatic bodies, the normal growth and development and survival of the aquatic products and the utilization efficiency of baits.
(4) The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of low production cost, simple process, wide application range, safety, high efficiency and the like, and can be popularized and applied on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical microscope photograph of example 5 and comparative example 1 after fermentation is completed, wherein a is example 5 and b is comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
As mentioned above, the present invention provides in a first aspect an aquaculture feed comprising a microbially fermented feed, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sweet potato flour, corn meal, sodium chloride and vitamin B6;
the preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed comprises the following steps: inoculating cordyceps and schizochytrium to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation culture, then carrying out solid-liquid separation on a fermentation culture product, and drying the separated solid to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
The inventor finds that the microbial fermentation feed obtained by co-fermenting cordyceps and schizochytrium can effectively improve the synthesis capacity of grease in the fermentation process by co-fermenting the cordyceps and the schizochytrium in the microbial fermentation process, so that the content of the grease in the fermentation product is improved. And in the co-fermentation process of the cordyceps and the schizochytrium, a plurality of bioactive substances can be provided, and the bioactive substances can be acted with the bean cake, the rapeseed cake, the sweet potato powder, the corn flour, the sodium chloride and the vitamin B6 to provide enough nutrient substances for aquaculture, so that the meat quality and the nutritional value of the aquaculture are effectively improved, the growth of the aquaculture is promoted, the cost of the feed is effectively controlled, and the aquaculture density can be greatly improved. Compared with the method that DHA or adenosine is directly added into the feed, the method for producing DHA and adenosine through co-fermentation of cordyceps and schizochytrium has lower cost, and can further reduce the feed cost.
According to the invention, the conditions of the fermentation culture comprise: the temperature is 18-22 deg.C, and the culture time is 8-16 days. The method also comprises seed culture before the fermentation culture, wherein the conditions of the seed culture comprise: the temperature is 18-22 deg.C, and the culture time is 4-8 days. The seed culture medium and the fermentation culture medium can be any culture medium disclosed in the prior art and can be used for fermenting cordyceps and schizochytrium. Specifically, the seed culture medium contains yeast extract, peptone and D-glucose, and the fermentation culture medium contains yeast extract, peptone, D-glucose, sodium glutamate, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the formula of the seed culture medium is: each liter of the seed culture medium contains 8g of yeast extract, 20g of peptone and 20g of D-glucose, and the pH of the culture medium is 6. The formula of the fermentation medium is as follows: each liter of fermentation medium contains 8g of yeast extract, 20g of peptone, 20g of D-glucose, 10g of sodium glutamate, 5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 7g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the pH value of the medium is 6. Of course, the above formula is only one preferable formula in the embodiment of the present invention, and during the actual use, it is also feasible to replace some components in the above culture medium or adjust the content of each component in the culture medium, as long as the nutrients for culturing the cordyceps and schizochytrium can be supplied. The inoculum size of the cordyceps and the schizochytrium may be in any feasible ratio. In order to further improve the content of active components and the synthesis capacity of oil in the fermentation culture process. Preferably, the ratio of the inoculation amounts of the cordyceps and the schizochytrium is 1: 1-3. More preferably, the inoculation amounts of the cordyceps are 3-8%, and under the condition of the inoculation amounts, the cordyceps has a good fermentation effect and can effectively improve the content of active components in fermentation.
Specifically, the Cordyceps is at least one of Cordyceps militaris, Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps buchneri. The schizochytrium limacinum can be any schizochytrium limacinum. Preferably, the Schizochytrium limacinum is Schizochytrium HX-308.
The solid-liquid separation means may be solid-liquid separation means disclosed in the prior art, such as filtration or centrifugation. Centrifugal separation is preferable, and the separation speed can be effectively increased. Preferably, the conditions of the centrifugation comprise: the rotation speed is 6000-10000rpm, and the time is 5-15 min. In the embodiment of the present invention, the conditions of the centrifugal separation include: the rotation speed is 8000rpm, and the time is 10 min.
Preferably, the weight parts of the soybean cake, the rapeseed cake, the sweet potato powder, the corn flour, the sodium chloride and the vitamin B are respectively 10-30 parts, 5-15 parts, 5-30 parts, 10-45 parts, 5-20 parts and 60.5-1.5 parts, based on 30 parts of the microbial co-fermented feed. Under the condition of the proportioning, the microbial fermented feed can play a greater role, and the nutrition in the feed can be more balanced, so that the microbial fermented feed is more suitable for aquaculture, and the aquaculture density is improved.
In order to make the nutrition of the obtained feed more balanced and further improve the aquaculture density, preferably, the weight parts of the soybean cake, the rapeseed cake, the sweet potato powder, the corn flour, the sodium chloride and the vitamin B are respectively 15-25, 8-12, 8-20, 15-30, 8-15 and 60.7-1, wherein the weight parts of the microbial co-fermented feed are 30.
In the invention, the seed culture and the fermentation culture are aerobic fermentation culture, so that the product after fermentation culture is more suitable for aquaculture. Preferably, in the preparation method, the seed culture and the fermentation culture are shake culture. Not only can the fermentation culture medium be uniformly distributed, but also the aerobic fermentation effect of the fine cordyceps can be improved, thereby effectively improving the content of active components in the fermentation process. Preferably, the rotation speed of the shaking culture is 180-250rpm during the seed culture and the fermentation culture.
The drying may be performed by any drying means available in the art for microbial fermentation, such as forced air drying, freeze drying, etc. In order to be able to retain the nutritional components in the fermented feed, preferably, in the preparation method, the drying is freeze-drying. The freeze-drying may be conventional freeze-drying conditions. In order to further enhance the effect of freeze-drying, thereby ensuring the nutritional components in the fermented feed, it is further preferred that the conditions of freeze-drying include: the temperature is-60 to-20 ℃, and the time is 12 to 48 hours.
In order to make the nutrition of the obtained feed more uniform and facilitate the balanced intake of aquatic products, the preparation method preferably further comprises the step of pulverizing the dried solid to make the particle size of the dried solid less than or equal to 0.2 μm. Research proves that under the optimal conditions, the specific surface area and the porosity of the feed can be increased, and the feed has good dispersibility, adsorbability, dissolvability and biological activity and is easy to digest and absorb by aquatic products.
The powdering may be carried out in any feasible manner, such as milling, ultrasonication, etc. In order to avoid the loss of nutrients or the influence of metal residues on the nutritional value of the feed, the pulverizing treatment is preferably airflow pulverization.
As mentioned above, the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an aquaculture feed, comprising the steps of:
(1) inoculating cordyceps and schizochytrium to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation, then carrying out solid-liquid separation on a fermentation product, and drying the separated solid to obtain a microbial fermentation feed;
(2) uniformly mixing the microbial fermented feed, the bean cake, the rapeseed cake, the sweet potato powder, the corn flour, the sodium chloride and the vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed.
According to the invention, the conditions of the fermentation culture comprise: the temperature is 18-22 deg.C, and the culture time is 8-16 days. The method also comprises seed culture before the fermentation culture, wherein the conditions of the seed culture comprise: the temperature is 18-22 deg.C, and the culture time is 4-8 days. The seed culture medium and the fermentation culture medium can be any culture medium disclosed in the prior art and can be used for fermenting cordyceps and schizochytrium. Specifically, the seed culture medium contains yeast extract, peptone and D-glucose, and the fermentation culture medium contains yeast extract, peptone, D-glucose, sodium glutamate, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the formula of the seed culture medium is: each liter of the seed culture medium contains 8g of yeast extract, 20g of peptone and 20g of D-glucose, and the pH of the culture medium is 6. The formula of the fermentation medium is as follows: each liter of fermentation medium contains 8g of yeast extract, 20g of peptone, 20g of D-glucose, 10g of sodium glutamate, 5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 7g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the pH value of the medium is 6. Of course, the above formula is only one preferable formula in the embodiment of the present invention, and during the actual use, it is also feasible to replace some components in the above culture medium or adjust the content of each component in the culture medium, as long as the nutrients for culturing the cordyceps and schizochytrium can be supplied. In order to further improve the content of active components and the synthesis capacity of oil in the fermentation culture process. Preferably, the ratio of the inoculation amounts of the cordyceps and the schizochytrium is 1: 1-3. More preferably, the inoculation amounts of the cordyceps are 3-8%, and under the condition of the inoculation amounts, the cordyceps has a good fermentation effect and can effectively improve the content of active components in fermentation.
The solid-liquid separation means may be solid-liquid separation means disclosed in the prior art, such as filtration or centrifugation. Centrifugal separation is preferable, and the separation speed can be effectively increased. Specifically, the conditions for the centrifugation include: the rotation speed is 6000-10000rpm, and the time is 5-15 min. In the embodiment of the present invention, the conditions of the centrifugal separation include: the rotation speed is 8000rpm, and the time is 10 min.
According to the present invention, in the step (2), the granulation method may be any one of the granulation methods disclosed in the prior art.
In the present invention, the seed culture and the fermentation culture are aerobic fermentation, which makes the product after fermentation culture more suitable for aquaculture. Preferably, in step (1), said seed culture and said fermentation culture are shake culture. Not only can the fermentation culture medium be uniformly distributed, but also the aerobic fermentation effect of the fine cordyceps can be improved, thereby effectively improving the content of active components in the fermentation culture process. Preferably, the rotation speed of the shaking culture is 180-250rpm during the seed culture and the fermentation culture.
The drying may be performed by any drying means available in the art for microbial fermentation, such as forced air drying, freeze drying, etc. In order to be able to retain the nutritional components in the fermented feed, preferably, in step (1), the drying is freeze-drying. The freeze-drying may be conventional freeze-drying conditions. In order to further enhance the effect of freeze-drying, thereby ensuring the nutritional components in the fermented feed, it is further preferred that the conditions of freeze-drying include: the temperature is-60 to-20 ℃, and the time is 12 to 48 hours.
In order to make the nutrition of the obtained feed more uniform and facilitate the balanced intake of aquatic products, preferably, the step (1) further comprises pulverizing the dried solid to make the particle size of the dried solid less than or equal to 0.2 μm. Research proves that under the optimal conditions, the specific surface area and the porosity of the feed can be increased, and the feed has good dispersibility, adsorbability, dissolvability and biological activity and is easy to digest and absorb by aquatic products.
The powdering may be carried out in any feasible manner, such as milling, ultrasonication, etc. In order to avoid the loss of nutrients or the metal residue, the pulverizing treatment is preferably implemented by jet milling.
Preferably, in the step (2), the soybean cake accounts for 10-30 parts by weight, the rapeseed cake accounts for 5-15 parts by weight, the sweet potato powder accounts for 5-30 parts by weight, the corn flour accounts for 10-45 parts by weight, the sodium chloride accounts for 5-20 parts by weight, and the vitamin B accounts for 60.5-1.5 parts by weight, based on 30 parts by weight of the microbial co-fermented feed. Under the condition of the proportioning, the microbial fermented feed can play a greater role, the nutrition in the feed can be more balanced, the feed is more suitable for aquaculture, and the aquaculture density is improved.
In order to make the obtained feed more balanced in nutrition, preferably, in the step (2), based on 30 parts by weight of the microbial co-fermented feed, 15-25 parts by weight of the soybean cake, 8-12 parts by weight of the rapeseed cake, 8-20 parts by weight of the sweet potato powder, 15-30 parts by weight of the corn flour, 8-15 parts by weight of the sodium chloride and 60.7-1 parts by weight of the vitamin B are used.
Preferably, the method further comprises drying the granulated product at 55-80 ℃ for 3-10 minutes.
As a relatively preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a method of producing an aquaculture feed comprising the steps of:
(1) respectively inoculating cordyceps and schizochytrium to a seed culture medium (8 g/L of yeast extract, 20g/L of peptone, 20g/L of D-glucose and pH 6) under the condition of 20 ℃ and natural light, culturing for 4-8 days at a rotating speed of 220rpm to obtain cordyceps seed liquid and schizochytrium seed liquid, and then inoculating the cordyceps seed liquid (5 percent of inoculation amount) and the schizochytrium seed liquid (5 percent of inoculation amount) to a fermentation culture medium (8 g/L of yeast extract, 20g/L, D-glucose, 10g/L of sodium glutamate, 5g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 7g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and pH 6) under the condition of 20 ℃ and natural light, and culturing for 8-16 days at a rotating speed of 220 rpm; performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product, freeze-drying the separated solid at-60- -20 deg.C for 12-48h, and pulverizing with gas flow to make the particle diameter less than or equal to 0.2 μm; obtaining the microbial fermentation feed.
(2) Uniformly mixing the microbial fermented feed, the bean cakes, the rapeseed cakes, the sweet potato powder, the corn flour, the sodium chloride and the vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed;
wherein the microbial co-fermented feed comprises, by weight, 30 parts of soybean cakes, 15-25 parts of rapeseed cakes, 8-12 parts of sweet potato flour, 15-30 parts of corn flour, 8-15 parts of sodium chloride and 60.7-1 parts of vitamin B.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. In the following examples of the present invention,
the jet mill is available from Shanghai Saishan powder mechanical manufacturing Co., Ltd, and has an instrument model of YQ300-2, a unit energy consumption of 7 cubic meters per minute, and an air pressure of 15Kgf/cm2Gas consumption of 30m3Min, power 100 Kw/hr; the inverted fluorescence microscope was purchased from Mingmei photoelectricity technologies, Inc., Guangzhou, with model MF53, 100 times objective lens, 10 times eyepiece, and 50 μm scale.
Cordyceps militaris (Cordyceps militaris), the strain is from the national strain collection center, the preservation number is ACCC50560, the Schizochytrium HX-308 is obtained by autonomous separation and screening from coastal areas by yellow and teacher subject groups of Nanjing university, and is stored in China collection culture Collection (CCTCC) with the preservation number of CCTCC M209059.
Example 1
(1) Inoculating Cordyceps militaris and Schizochytrium HX-308 to seed culture medium (yeast extract 8g/L, peptone 20g/L and D-glucose 20g/L, pH 6) respectively at 20 deg.C under natural light, culturing for 6 days in shaker (rotation speed of 220rpm) to obtain Cordyceps militaris seed solution and Schizochytrium HX-308 seed solution, then inoculating the cordyceps militaris seed liquid (the inoculation amount is 5%) and the schizochytrium HX-308 seed liquid (the inoculation amount is 5%) to a fermentation medium (8 g/L of yeast extract, 20g/L, D-glucose, 20g/L of sodium glutamate, 5g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 7g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the PH is 6) in a shaking table (the rotating speed is 220rpm) for culturing for 12 days under the condition of 20 ℃ and natural light; performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product, freeze-drying the separated solid for 24h at-40 ℃, and making the particle size of the solid be less than or equal to 0.2 mu m by a jet milling mode; obtaining the microbial fermentation feed.
(2) Uniformly mixing 3kg of microbial fermented feed, 2kg of bean cake, 1kg of rapeseed cake, 1.5kg of sweet potato powder, 2.5kg of corn flour, 1.2kg of sodium chloride and 0.08kg of vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed.
Example 2
(1) Inoculating Cordyceps militaris and Schizochytrium HX-308 to seed culture medium (yeast extract 8g/L, peptone 20g/L and D-glucose 20g/L, pH 6) respectively at 18 deg.C under natural light, culturing in shaker (rotation speed of 180rpm) for 4 days to obtain Cordyceps militaris seed solution and Schizochytrium HX-308 seed solution, then inoculating the cordyceps militaris seed liquid (the inoculation amount is 3%) and the schizochytrium HX-308 seed liquid (the inoculation amount is 9%) to a fermentation medium (8 g/L of yeast extract, 20g/L, D-glucose, 20g/L of sodium glutamate, 5g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 7g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the PH is 6) in a shaking table (the rotating speed is 180rpm) for culturing for 16 days under the condition of 18 ℃ and natural light; performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product, freeze-drying the separated solid for 48h at-20 ℃, and making the particle size of the solid be less than or equal to 0.2 mu m by a jet milling mode; obtaining the microbial fermentation feed.
(2) Uniformly mixing 3kg of microbial fermented feed, 1.5kg of bean cake, 1.2kg of rapeseed cake, 0.8kg of sweet potato powder, 3kg of corn flour, 0.8kg of sodium chloride and 0.07kg of vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed.
Example 3
(1) Inoculating Cordyceps militaris and Schizochytrium HX-308 to seed culture medium (yeast extract 8g/L, peptone 20g/L and D-glucose 20g/L, pH 6) respectively at 22 deg.C under natural light, culturing for 8 days in shaker (rotation speed of 250rpm) to obtain Cordyceps militaris seed solution and Schizochytrium HX-308 seed solution, then, under the conditions of 22 ℃ and natural light, the cordyceps militaris seed liquid (the inoculation amount is 8 percent) and the schizochytrium HX-308 seed liquid (the inoculation amount is 16 percent) are jointly inoculated into a fermentation medium (8 g/L of yeast extract, 20g/L, D-glucose, 20g/L of sodium glutamate, 10g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 7g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the PH value is 6) and cultured for 8 days in a shaking table (the rotating speed is 250 rpm); performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product, freeze-drying the separated solid at-60 ℃ for 12h, and making the particle size of the solid be less than or equal to 0.2 mu m by a jet milling mode; obtaining the microbial fermentation feed.
(2) Uniformly mixing 3kg of microbial fermented feed, 2.5kg of bean cake, 0.8kg of rapeseed cake, 2kg of sweet potato powder, 0.8kg of corn flour, 1.5kg of sodium chloride and 0.1kg of vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed.
Example 4
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 3kg of the microbial fermented feed, 1kg of the soybean cake, 1.5kg of the rapeseed cake, 0.5kg of the sweet potato flour, 4.5kg of the corn flour, 2kg of sodium chloride and 0.15kg of vitamin B6 were mixed uniformly.
Example 5
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 3kg of the microbial fermented feed, 3kg of the soybean cake, 0.5kg of the rapeseed cake, 3kg of the sweet potato flour, 1kg of the corn flour, 0.5kg of sodium chloride and 0.05kg of vitamin B6 were mixed uniformly.
Example 6
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 3kg of the microbial fermented feed, 4kg of the soybean cake, 0.3kg of the rapeseed cake, 4kg of the sweet potato flour, 0.5kg of the corn flour, 2.3kg of sodium chloride and 0.02kg of vitamin B6 were mixed uniformly.
Example 7
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 3kg of the microbial fermented feed, 0.5kg of the soybean cake, 2kg of the rapeseed cake, 0.3kg of the sweet potato flour, 5kg of the corn flour, 0.3kg of the sodium chloride and 0.2kg of the vitamin B6 were mixed uniformly.
Example 8
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the inoculum size of the seed liquid of Schizochytrium HX-308 was 20%.
Comparative example 1
(1) Inoculating Cordyceps militaris and Schizochytrium HX-308 into seed culture medium (8 g/L yeast extract, 20g/L peptone and 20g/L D-glucose, pH 6) respectively under the condition of 20 ℃ and natural light, culturing for 6 days in a shaker (rotating speed 220rpm) to obtain Cordyceps militaris seed liquid and Schizochytrium HX-308 seed liquid, then inoculating the Cordyceps militaris seed liquid (inoculation amount of 5%) into fermentation medium I (8 g/L yeast extract, 20g/L, D-glucose, 20g/L sodium glutamate, 5g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 7g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 6) under the condition of 20 ℃ and natural light, culturing for 12 days in a shaker (rotating speed 220rpm), inoculating the Schizochytrium HX-308 seed liquid (inoculation amount of 5%) into fermentation medium II (8 g/L yeast extract, 5g/L peptone and 7g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 6) respectively, Culturing peptone 20g/L, D-glucose 20g/L, sodium glutamate 10g/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 5g/L and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 7g/L, and pH 6) in a shaker (rotation speed 220rpm) for 12 days; mixing the fermentation products, performing solid-liquid separation, freeze-drying the separated solid at-40 deg.C for 24 hr, and jet-pulverizing to make the particle diameter less than or equal to 0.2 μm; obtaining the microbial fermentation feed.
(2) Uniformly mixing 3kg of microbial fermentation feed, 3kg of bean cake, 0.5kg of rapeseed cake, 3kg of sweet potato powder, 1kg of corn flour, 0.5kg of sodium chloride and 0.05kg of vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed.
Comparative example 2
Uniformly mixing 3kg of bean cakes, 0.5kg of rapeseed cakes, 3kg of sweet potato powder, 1kg of corn flour, 0.5kg of sodium chloride and 0.05kg of vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed.
Test example
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the species after fermentation in example 5 and comparative example 1, and it can be seen that the oil content of the species after fermentation culture in panel a (example 5) is significantly higher than that of the species after fermentation culture in panel b (comparative example 1). The co-fermentation mode of the cordyceps sinensis and the schizochytrium limacinum is proved to be capable of effectively improving the synthesis capacity of the grease, and further improving the yield of the grease.
1000 healthy crucian carps with an average weight of 8.27g were selected and randomly divided into 10 treatment groups (example 1 group, example 2 group, example 3 group, example 4 group, example 5 group, example 6 group, example 7 group, example 8 group, comparative example 1 group and comparative example 2 group) with 100 tails per group.
The domestication is carried out for 7 days before the test, and the test period is 60 days. The test is carried out in a laboratory of Nanjing university of teachers, and the water temperature is 25-32 ℃ during the test; recording the initial weight and the terminal weight of 10 groups of crucian before and after the test, calculating the weight gain and the feed efficiency to investigate the influence of the feed on the growth performance of the crucian, and the results are shown in the following table:
influence table of feed on growth performance of crucian
As can be seen from the table, in the examples and the comparative example, the weight of the crucian carp in 10 groups was greatly increased after the experiment, but the terminal weight and the weight gain of the crucian carp in the experimental group were larger than those in the comparative example. The lower the feed efficiency, the higher the feed conversion rate, and the better the feed is used. Test results show that the fish feed produced by the microbial fermentation feed has balanced nutrition, can effectively replace expensive animal and plant protein raw materials such as fish meal and digestion promoting additives, obviously improves the production performance, ensures the healthy and rapid growth of fish and effectively improves the fish culture density.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An aquaculture feed, which is characterized by comprising a microbial fermentation feed, bean cakes, rapeseed cakes, sweet potato powder, corn flour, sodium chloride and vitamin B6;
the preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed comprises the following steps: inoculating cordyceps and schizochytrium to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation culture, then carrying out solid-liquid separation on a fermentation culture product, and drying the separated solid to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
2. The aquaculture feed according to claim 1, wherein the soybean cake is 10-30 parts by weight, the rapeseed cake is 5-15 parts by weight, the sweet potato flour is 5-30 parts by weight, the corn flour is 10-45 parts by weight, the sodium chloride is 5-20 parts by weight, and the vitamin B is 60.5-1.5 parts by weight, based on 30 parts by weight of the microbial co-fermented feed.
3. The aquaculture feed of claim 2, wherein the soybean meal is 15-25 parts by weight, the rapeseed meal is 8-12 parts by weight, the sweet potato flour is 8-20 parts by weight, the corn meal is 15-30 parts by weight, the sodium chloride is 8-15 parts by weight, and the vitamin B is 60.7-1 parts by weight, based on 30 parts by weight of the microbial co-fermented feed.
4. An aquaculture feed according to any of claims 1-3 wherein in said preparation process said fermentation culture is shake culture;
the drying is freeze drying;
the inoculation amount ratio of the cordyceps sinensis to the schizochytrium limacinum is 1: 1-3.
5. An aquaculture feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein; the preparation method also comprises the step of pulverizing the dried solid to enable the particle size of the solid to be less than or equal to 0.2 mu m;
the powder grinding treatment mode is jet milling.
6. The preparation method of the aquaculture feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) inoculating cordyceps and schizochytrium to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation culture, then carrying out solid-liquid separation on a fermentation culture product, and drying the separated solid to obtain a microbial fermentation feed;
(2) uniformly mixing the microbial fermented feed, the bean cake, the rapeseed cake, the sweet potato powder, the corn flour, the sodium chloride and the vitamin B6, and then granulating to obtain the aquaculture feed.
7. The method for producing an aquaculture feed according to claim 6 wherein in step (1) said fermentation culture is shake culture;
the drying is freeze drying;
the inoculation amount ratio of the cordyceps sinensis to the schizochytrium limacinum is 1: 1-3.
8. The method of preparing an aquaculture feed of claim 6 wherein said step (1) further comprises: performing powder grinding treatment on the dried solid to enable the particle size of the solid to be less than or equal to 0.2 mu m;
the powder grinding treatment mode is jet milling.
9. The method for preparing aquaculture feed according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein in the step (2), the soybean cake accounts for 10 to 30 parts by weight, the rapeseed cake accounts for 5 to 15 parts by weight, the sweet potato powder accounts for 5 to 30 parts by weight, the corn flour accounts for 10 to 45 parts by weight, the sodium chloride accounts for 5 to 20 parts by weight, and the vitamin B accounts for 60.5 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 30 parts by weight of the microbial co-fermented feed.
10. The method for preparing aquaculture feed according to claim 9, wherein in the step (2), the soybean cake accounts for 15-25 parts by weight, the rapeseed cake accounts for 8-12 parts by weight, the sweet potato flour accounts for 8-20 parts by weight, the corn flour accounts for 15-30 parts by weight, the sodium chloride accounts for 8-15 parts by weight, and the vitamin B accounts for 60.7-1 parts by weight, based on 30 parts by weight of the microbial co-fermented feed.
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| CN112772790A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-11 | 珠海市德海生物科技有限公司 | Raw fish feed additive and preparation method thereof |
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