CN112515055A - Trachinotus ovatus fry micro-capsule initial feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Trachinotus ovatus fry micro-capsule initial feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112515055A CN112515055A CN202011354335.5A CN202011354335A CN112515055A CN 112515055 A CN112515055 A CN 112515055A CN 202011354335 A CN202011354335 A CN 202011354335A CN 112515055 A CN112515055 A CN 112515055A
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- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241000719209 Trachinotus ovatus Species 0.000 title description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 241000630524 Taractes rubescens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000003283 Pachira macrocarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000014364 Trapa natans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000003595 Aurantiochytrium limacinum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000168517 Haematococcus lacustris Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019772 Sunflower meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000276694 Carangidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/123—Bulgaricus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/51—Bifidobacterium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry and a preparation method thereof, and the micro-capsule initial feed comprises the following components: 20-25 parts of fish meal, 15-20 parts of artemia powder, 8-10 parts of microalgal powder, 0.6-1.0 part of fermented needle mushroom liquid, 1.0-1.5 parts of fermented needle mushroom stick residues, 3-5 parts of micronized bean dregs, 0.5-1.5 parts of composite probiotic bacteria liquid, 0.1-0.5 part of lecithin, 2-6 parts of soybean oil, 1-3 parts of water chestnut powder, 3-5 parts of lotus root starch, 0.3-0.5 part of xanthan gum, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate and 15-25 parts of water; the invention scientifically mixes the raw material components to provide sufficient nutrient components for the fry; and the bait has high suspension stability, small nutrient loss, strong food calling property and strong digestion and absorption property, ensures the utilization rate of the bait for the fry, improves the opening rate and the growth effect, enhances the resistance, promotes the healthy growth of the fry, has high survival rate and maintains the water environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Golden pompano, the academic name of trachinotus ovatus, belongs to one of the precious high-grade edible seawater fishes and has higher economic value. With the breakthrough of the breeding technology of the golden pomfret, the artificial large-scale culture is rapidly developed, and the golden pomfret has the characteristics of high growth speed and short culture period, and has good economic benefit in the field of aquaculture. However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of artificial breeding, the demand of the golden pomfret fry is rapidly increased, and in the breeding process of the golden pomfret fry, the breeding is often limited by the difficulty of opening the golden pomfret fry, and the prior golden pomfret fry has poor stability of the initial feed and low utilization rate of the feed nutrition, so that the breeding controllability of the fry is low, the nutrition loss rate is high, the quality of the fry is uneven, the feed pollutes the water body, the fry is attacked, the survival rate is low, and the like. Therefore, the preparation of the micro-capsule initial feed for the golden pomfret fry, which has strong palatability and is easy to digest and effectively improves the suspension property and the water stability of the feed, is needed, and an important basis is provided for realizing the cultivation of the golden pomfret fry in a better scale.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of fish meal, 15-20 parts of artemia powder, 8-10 parts of microalgal powder, 0.6-1.0 part of fermented needle mushroom liquid, 1.0-1.5 parts of fermented needle mushroom stick residues, 3-5 parts of micronized bean dregs, 0.5-1.5 parts of composite probiotic bacteria liquid, 0.1-0.5 part of lecithin, 2-6 parts of soybean oil, 1-3 parts of water chestnut powder, 3-5 parts of lotus root starch, 0.3-0.5 part of xanthan gum, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate and 15-25 parts of water. The fish meal, the artemia powder and the microalgae powder, the fermented needle mushroom stick residues, the micronized bean residues, the lecithin and the soybean oil are scientifically blended, so that sufficient nutritional ingredients are provided for the fish fries; the obtained initial feeding bait has high suspension stability, small nutrient loss, strong food calling property and strong digestion and absorption property, ensures the utilization rate of the fish fry to the bait, improves the initial feeding rate and the growth effect of the young fish, enhances the resistance, promotes the healthy growth of the fish fry, improves the survival rate and is beneficial to the maintenance of the water environment.
Further, the microalgae powder is prepared by mixing spirulina, schizochytrium limacinum and haematococcus pluvialis according to the mass ratio of (6-10) to 5: 1.
Further, the preparation method of the fermented needle mushroom stick residues and the fermented needle mushroom liquid comprises the following steps,
(1) taking needle mushroom stems, and crushing the needle mushroom stems into particles of 8-10 mm by using a crusher to obtain needle mushroom stem particles;
(2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of needle mushroom particles, 6-8 parts of barley brewer's grain powder, 3-5 parts of bran powder, 0.4-0.8 part of soybean hull powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of sunflower meal, 1-2 parts of cane sugar, 0.1-0.3 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0 part of calcium chloride.5 to 1 part, 0.01 to 0.03 part of vitamin C and vitamin B10.01-0.03 part of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using sodium carbonate, and carrying out autoclaving to obtain a fermentation culture medium;
(2) inoculating yeast liquid into a fermentation culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 5-8 wt%, performing liquid fermentation culture in a fermentation tank, wherein the ventilation rate is 15-18L/h, the dissolved oxygen DO value is 8-12%, fermenting for 2-3 days, the fermentation temperature is 23-25 ℃, filtering to obtain fermented needle mushroom liquid, and drying mycelia to obtain fermented needle mushroom stick residues.
Further, the particle size of the micronized bean dregs is 0.5-1 μm.
Further, the composite probiotic bacteria liquid comprises at least 3 of lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bulgaricus, candida utilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and enterococcus faecalis.
Further, the weight ratio of the fermented needle mushroom liquid to the fermented needle mushroom stick residues to the micronized bean dregs to the composite probiotic bacterial liquid is as follows: 0.8:1.2:4:1.
A preparation method of a micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fish meal, artemia powder, microalgal powder, fermented needle mushroom stick residues, micronized bean residues, lotus root starch and water chestnut powder according to a proportion, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 200-250-mesh sieve, adding fermented needle mushroom liquid and compound probiotic liquid, and stirring and mixing uniformly in a water bath at 35-40 ℃ to obtain an open-mouthed bait core material;
(2) adding water to lecithin, soybean oil, xanthan gum and sodium alginate, and mixing to obtain a wall material mixed solution;
(3) and (3) carrying out spray drying and sieving on the mixed liquid of the core material and the wall material of the initial bait to obtain the microcapsule initial bait.
The micro-capsule granules of initial feed for the golden pomfret fry have good suspension stability, can effectively reduce the loss of feed nutrient substances, improve the effective utilization rate, have rich and uniform nutrition, good food calling palatability and easy digestion, thereby greatly improving the initial feed rate and the growth effect of the young pomfret fry, enhancing the resistance, promoting the healthy growth of the fry, improving the survival rate and improving the water environment for fry cultivation. Meanwhile, the micro-capsule initial baits with different grain diameters are combined to carry out scientific mixed feeding, which is beneficial to the effective feeding of the larvae of the fish in different growth stages.
Further, in the step (3), the temperatures of the air inlet and the air outlet of the spray drying are respectively 200 ℃ and 70 ℃, and the water content after the drying is 6 +/-0.8%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of scientifically blending fish meal, artemia powder and microalgae powder, fermented needle mushroom stick residues, micronized bean dregs, lecithin and soybean oil components to provide sufficient nutritional ingredients for fish fries, the added fermented needle mushroom residues and micronized bean dregs are combined to form a more stable adsorption and solidification effect on nutritional elements in probiotic bacteria liquid and fermented needle mushroom liquid so as to effectively reduce the loss of the nutritional elements; meanwhile, the fermented needle mushroom residues and the micronized soybean residues can be combined with lecithin and soybean oil, a better suspension effect can be achieved, the young and the young fishes can be conveniently ingested, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, lecithin and soybean oil are used as wall materials, the stability of the initial feed is improved, and the loss of the nutrition of the micro-capsule initial feed is reduced. In addition, the combination of the fermented needle mushroom liquid, the compound probiotic liquid and lecithin is beneficial to promoting the digestion and absorption of intestinal tracts of the young fishes and the immunity of the intestinal tracts, the digestion and absorption effects are improved, a certain amount of water chestnut powder and lotus root starch are added, the palatability of the initial feed for the golden pompano is improved, the ingestion of the young fishes is promoted, and the feed conversion rate is improved. The initial feed has high suspension stability, small nutrient loss, strong food calling property and strong digestion and absorption property, ensures the utilization rate of the fish fries to the feed, improves the initial opening rate and the growth effect of the young fishes, enhances the resistance, promotes the healthy growth of the fish fries, improves the survival rate and is beneficial to the maintenance of the water environment.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1-a micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of artemia powder, 8 parts of microalgal powder, 0.6 part of fermented needle mushroom liquid, 1.0 part of fermented needle mushroom bar residue, 3 parts of micronized bean residue, 0.5 part of composite probiotic bacterial liquid, 0.1 part of lecithin, 2 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of water chestnut powder, 3 parts of lotus root powder, 0.3 part of xanthan gum, 1 part of sodium alginate and 15 parts of water.
Wherein the microalgae powder is prepared by mixing spirulina, schizochytrium limacinum and haematococcus pluvialis according to the mass ratio of 6:5: 1;
the composite probiotic bacteria liquid comprises lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bulgaricus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1;
the micronized bean dregs are wet-milled by a sand mill to a particle size of 0.5 μm.
Embodiment 2-a micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of artemia powder, 10 parts of microalgal powder, 1.0 part of fermented needle mushroom liquid, 1.5 parts of fermented needle mushroom stick residues, 5 parts of micronized bean dregs, 1.5 parts of compound probiotic bacterial liquid, 0.5 part of lecithin, 6 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of water chestnut powder, 5 parts of lotus root starch, 0.5 part of xanthan gum, 2 parts of sodium alginate and 25 parts of water.
Wherein the microalgae powder is prepared by mixing spirulina, schizochytrium limacinum and haematococcus pluvialis according to the mass ratio of 6:5: 1;
the composite probiotic bacteria liquid comprises lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bulgaricus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1;
the micronized bean dregs are wet-milled by a sand mill to a particle size of 1 μm.
The fermented needle mushroom stem residue and the fermented needle mushroom bacterial liquid in the above examples 1 and 2 are obtained by liquid fermentation of needle mushroom stems, and specifically include:
(1) taking needle mushroom stems, and crushing the needle mushroom stems into particles of 8mm by a crusher to obtain needle mushroom stem particles;
(2) weighing according to the weight portion ratioTaking: 20 parts of needle mushroom particles, 6 parts of barley brewer's grain powder, 3 parts of bran powder, 0.4 part of soybean hull powder, 0.5 part of sunflower meal, 1 part of cane sugar, 0.1 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of calcium chloride, 0.01 part of vitamin C, vitamin B10.01 part of water is added and mixed evenly, the pH value is adjusted to 6.5 by sodium carbonate, and the fermentation medium is obtained after high-pressure sterilization;
(3) inoculating yeast liquid with the inoculation amount of 5 wt% into a fermentation medium, performing liquid fermentation culture in a fermentation tank with the ventilation amount of 15L/h and the dissolved oxygen DO value of 8%, fermenting for 2 days at the fermentation temperature of 23 ℃, filtering to obtain fermented needle mushroom liquid, and drying mycelia to obtain fermented needle mushroom stick residues;
the preparation method of the micro-capsule initial feed for the golden pomfret fry in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fish meal, artemia powder, microalgal powder, fermented needle mushroom stick residues, micronized bean residues, lotus root starch and water chestnut powder according to a proportion, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding fermented needle mushroom liquid and compound probiotic liquid, and stirring and mixing uniformly in a water bath at 35 ℃ to obtain an open-end bait core material;
(2) adding water to lecithin, soybean oil, xanthan gum and sodium alginate, and mixing to obtain a wall material mixed solution;
(3) and (3) carrying out spray drying on the mixed solution of the core material and the wall material of the initial bait at the air inlet and outlet temperatures of 200 ℃ and 70 ℃ respectively, and sieving to obtain the microcapsule initial bait, wherein the water content of the dried mixture is 6 +/-0.8%.
Example 3-a micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 22.5 parts of fish meal, 17.5 parts of artemia powder, 9 parts of microalgal powder, 0.8 part of fermented needle mushroom liquid, 1.2 parts of fermented needle mushroom bar residue, 4 parts of micronized bean residue, 1 part of composite probiotic liquid, 0.3 part of lecithin, 4 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of water chestnut powder, 4 parts of lotus root powder, 0.4 part of xanthan gum, 1.5 parts of sodium alginate and 20 parts of water.
Wherein the microalgae powder is prepared by mixing spirulina, schizochytrium limacinum and haematococcus pluvialis according to the mass ratio of 8:5: 1;
the composite probiotic bacteria liquid comprises lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bulgaricus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1;
the micronized bean dregs are wet-milled by a sand mill to a particle size of 0.8 μm.
The preparation method of the micro-capsule initial feed for the golden pomfret fry comprises the following steps:
1. preparing fermented needle mushroom stick residues and fermented needle mushroom liquid:
(1) taking needle mushroom stems, and crushing the needle mushroom stems into 10mm by a crusher to obtain needle mushroom stem particles;
(2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of needle mushroom particles, 8 parts of barley brewer's grain powder, 5 parts of bran powder, 0.8 part of soybean hull powder, 1.5 parts of sunflower meal, 2 parts of cane sugar, 0.3 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of calcium chloride, 0.03 part of vitamin C, and vitamin B10.03 part of water is added and mixed evenly, the pH value is adjusted to 7.5 by sodium carbonate, and the fermentation medium is obtained after high-pressure sterilization;
(3) inoculating yeast liquid into a fermentation culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 8 wt%, performing liquid fermentation culture in a fermentation tank, wherein the air flow is 18L/h, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) value is 12%, fermenting for 3 days, the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, filtering to obtain fermented needle mushroom liquid, and drying mycelia to obtain fermented needle mushroom stick residues;
2. preparing microcapsule initial feed:
(1) weighing fish meal, artemia powder, microalgal powder, fermented needle mushroom stick residues, micronized bean residues, lotus root starch and water chestnut powder according to a proportion, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 250-mesh sieve, adding fermented needle mushroom liquid and compound probiotic liquid, and stirring and mixing uniformly in a water bath at 40 ℃ to obtain an open-end bait core material;
(2) adding water to lecithin, soybean oil, xanthan gum and sodium alginate, and mixing to obtain a wall material mixed solution;
(3) and (3) carrying out spray drying on the mixed solution of the core material and the wall material of the initial bait at the air inlet and outlet temperatures of 200 ℃ and 70 ℃ respectively, and sieving to obtain the micro-capsule initial bait with different particle sizes, wherein the water content is 6 +/-0.8% after drying.
Comparative example 1-a micro-capsule starter bait formulation for pomfret fry according to example 3, with the following differences: fermented needle mushroom stick residues are not added.
Comparative example 2-a micro-capsule starter bait formulation for pomfret fry according to example 3, with the following differences: the fermented needle mushroom liquid is not added.
Comparative example 3-a micro-capsule starter bait formulation for pomfret fry according to example 3, with the following differences: replacing fermented needle mushroom liquid and fermented needle mushroom stick residues with the fermented needle mushroom liquid and the fermented needle mushroom residues; wherein the preparation methods of the fermented oyster mushroom liquid and the fermented oyster mushroom residues are the same as those of the fermented needle mushroom stick residues and the fermented needle mushroom liquid.
Comparative example 4-a micro-capsule starter bait formulation for pomfret fry according to example 3, with the following differences: the granularity of the micronized bean dregs is 5 mu m.
(1) The micro-capsule initial feeding bait for golden pomfret fries prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4 is subjected to an initial feeding rate experiment and a growth experiment of the golden pomfret fries.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: selecting the same batch of young golden pomfret which is just hatched, transferring the young golden pomfret to a nursery pond the next day, randomly dividing the young golden pomfret into 7 experimental groups, breeding 200 tails of young golden pomfret in each group, setting 3 times for each group, controlling the pH value to be 7.6-8.8, respectively feeding the young pomfret with microcapsule initial baits of the embodiment and the comparative example from the 4 th day of hatching, and feeding the young pomfret with the microcapsule initial baits for 6 times each day; feeding the golden pomfret fish for 5 times per day after 7-13 days old; feeding for 4 times a day after eating for more than 13 days; and recording and counting the opening rate of the fry and the growth condition of the fry of each experimental group.
Percent opening (%) — open fraction/total measured fraction × 100%;
survival (%) — end/initial mantissa × 100%;
specific growth rate (%) - (end ln weight-initial ln weight)/t (days of culture) × 100%;
the conversion rate of the bait (end weight-initial weight)/the weight of the bait is multiplied by 100 percent;
the results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 opening ratio and growth of golden pomfret fry at different periods
As can be seen from the above table, the initial shedding rate of the golden pomfret fries fed by the micro-capsule initial shedding bait for the golden pomfret fries prepared in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention is obviously improved, the initial shedding can be completely realized after 5 days of age, and the survival rate, the specific growth rate and the bait conversion rate are improved. Compared with the comparative examples 1 and 2, the opening rate and the growth quality of the golden pomfret fries in the comparative examples 1 and 2 are obviously reduced, and the fact that the fermented golden pomfret dregs and the micronized bean dregs are added is shown to be beneficial to reducing the loss of nutrient elements, so that the absorption and the utilization of baits for the fries are increased, and the conversion rate of the baits is improved. The combination of the fermented needle mushroom liquid, the composite probiotic liquid and the lecithin is added, so that the effects of enhancing the digestion and absorption of intestinal tracts of the fish larvae and the immunity of the intestinal tracts and improving the digestion and absorption effects are achieved. And the comparison example 3 also shows that the method selects the specific fermented needle mushroom residues and the fermented needle mushroom liquid, can effectively realize the adsorption and solidification of the effective components of the bait, is more beneficial to the digestion and absorption of the golden pompano larvae, improves the opening rate and the growth effect of the larvae, promotes the healthy growth of the larvae, and improves the survival rate.
(2) The micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1, 3 and 4 is subjected to suspension property and stability experiments.
Suspension property determination: the suspension property of the bait is measured by the suspension rate. Weighing equal amount of m1(g) bait in each of the examples and the comparative examples in 100mL of distilled water, uniformly scattering the bait on the surface of the distilled water, standing, taking out suspended solid along the liquid surface by using a pipette, filtering, drying in an oven at 80 ℃ to constant weight to obtain m2(g) solid, and counting the suspension rate of standing for 1h, 3h, 6h and 12h respectively, wherein the suspension rate (%) -m 2/m1 × 100%;
and (3) measuring the water stability: taking the baits m3 of the examples and the comparative examples respectively, uniformly spreading the baits on a 200-mesh sieve, slowly putting the baits into 50L of deionized water at 27 ℃, soaking for a certain time, taking out the sieve, drying, weighing m4, counting the retention rate of the baits to dry matters after soaking for 1h, 3h, 6h and 12h respectively, setting 3 times for each group, and setting the stability (%) in the baits water to be the final dry matter weight/initial dry matter weight multiplied by 100%;
the results are shown in tables 3 and 4:
TABLE 3 suspension determination of micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry
As can be seen from the above table, the micro-capsule initial feeding bait for the golden pomfret fry prepared in the examples 1-3 has good suspension property, and the suspension rate can be kept above 70% after the golden pomfret fry is soaked for 12 hours. Compared with the comparative examples 1, 3 and 4, the suspension rate of the fermented needle mushroom residues is obviously reduced after the fermented needle mushroom residues are soaked for 6 hours in the comparative example 1, and the suspension rate of the fermented needle mushroom residues is also obviously reduced after the fermented needle mushroom residues are soaked for 12 hours in the comparative example 3, so that the fermented needle mushroom residues are favorable for improving the suspension property of the bait; in comparative example 4, after soaking for 3h, the suspension rate is obviously reduced, and at 12h, the suspension rate is reduced to 50.2%, which shows that the suspension property of the bait can be effectively and obviously improved by adding micronized bean dregs with certain particle size to ferment the combination of the needle mushroom dregs.
TABLE 4 stability determination of micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry
As can be seen from the above table, the micro-capsule initial feed for golden pomfret fry prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1, 3 and 4 has good water stability, and the stability of example 3 is the best, while in comparative example 4, after being soaked for 12 hours, the stability is relatively reduced, which may be due to the fact that the water stability of the feed is affected to some extent along with the increase of the particle size of the micronized bean dregs.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. The micro-capsule initial feed for the golden pomfret fry is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of fish meal, 15-20 parts of artemia powder, 8-10 parts of microalgal powder, 0.6-1.0 part of fermented needle mushroom liquid, 1.0-1.5 parts of fermented needle mushroom stick residues, 3-5 parts of micronized bean dregs, 0.5-1.5 parts of composite probiotic bacteria liquid, 0.1-0.5 part of lecithin, 2-6 parts of soybean oil, 1-3 parts of water chestnut powder, 3-5 parts of lotus root starch, 0.3-0.5 part of xanthan gum, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate and 15-25 parts of water.
2. The micro-capsule initial bait for the golden pomfret fry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microalgae powder is formed by mixing spirulina, schizochytrium limacinum and haematococcus pluvialis according to the mass ratio of (6-10) to 5: 1.
3. The micro-capsule initial bait for the golden pomfret fry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the fermented needle mushroom stick residues and the fermented needle mushroom liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) taking needle mushroom stems, and crushing the needle mushroom stems into particles of 8-10 mm by using a crusher to obtain needle mushroom stem particles;
(2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of needle mushroom particles, 6-8 parts of barley brewer's grain powder, 3-5 parts of bran powder, 0.4-0.8 part of soybean hull powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of sunflower meal, 1-2 parts of cane sugar, 0.1-0.3 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1 part of calcium chloride, 0.01-0.03 part of vitamin C, and 0.01-0.03 part of vitamin B10.01-0.03 part of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using sodium carbonate, and carrying out autoclaving to obtain a fermentation culture medium;
(3) inoculating yeast liquid into a fermentation culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 5-8 wt%, performing liquid fermentation culture in a fermentation tank, wherein the ventilation rate is 15-18L/h, the dissolved oxygen DO value is 8-12%, fermenting for 2-3 days, the fermentation temperature is 23-25 ℃, filtering to obtain fermented needle mushroom liquid, and drying mycelia to obtain fermented needle mushroom stick residues.
4. The micro-capsule initial bait for the golden pomfret fry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the granularity of the micronized bean dregs is 0.5-1 mu m.
5. The micro-capsule initial bait for the golden pomfret fry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite probiotic bacteria liquid comprises at least 3 of lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bulgaricus, candida utilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and enterococcus faecalis.
6. The micro-capsule initial bait for the golden pomfret fry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the weight ratio of the fermented needle mushroom liquid to the fermented needle mushroom stick residues to the micronized bean dregs to the composite probiotic bacterial liquid is as follows: 0.8:1.2:4:1.
7. A preparation method of the micro-capsule initial feed for the golden pomfret fry as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing fish meal, artemia powder, microalgal powder, fermented needle mushroom stick residues, micronized bean residues, lotus root starch and water chestnut powder according to a proportion, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 200-250-mesh sieve, adding fermented needle mushroom liquid and compound probiotic liquid, and stirring and mixing uniformly in a water bath at 35-40 ℃ to obtain an open-mouthed bait core material;
(2) adding water to lecithin, soybean oil, xanthan gum and sodium alginate, and mixing to obtain a wall material mixed solution;
(3) and (3) carrying out spray drying and sieving on the mixed liquid of the core material and the wall material of the initial bait to obtain the microcapsule initial bait.
8. The preparation method of the micro-capsule initial feed for the golden pomfret fry according to claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the temperatures of the inlet air and the outlet air of the spray drying are respectively 200 ℃ and 70 ℃, and the water content after the drying is 6 +/-0.8%.
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