CN115137012B - Mulberry leaf source protein compound feed based on multiple fermentation of composite flora and application thereof - Google Patents
Mulberry leaf source protein compound feed based on multiple fermentation of composite flora and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a mulberry leaf source protein compound feed based on multiple fermentation of composite flora and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of microbial fermentation and aquatic feeds. The compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of fish meal, 20-30 parts of meat and bone meal, 5-10 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 10-15 parts of alpha-starch, 2-5 parts of vinasse, and CaH 2 PO 4 1-3 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5-2 parts of mineral premix, 2-7 parts of soybean meal and 0.5-1 part of fish oil. According to the invention, the mulberry leaves are fermented by adopting various complex floras, and the fermentation product is added into the feed formula of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle as a protein source, so that the weight gain and the survival rate of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle are effectively improved, the immunity of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle is improved, and the feed is low in cost and has good practical popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fermentation and aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a mulberry leaf source protein compound feed based on multiple fermentation of composite flora and application thereof.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Chinese soft-shelled turtles, also known as water fish, soft-shelled turtles and croquettes, are common breeding varieties. Its water habitat is often in fresh water areas with sand and mud substrates. There is the habit of sunbathing ashore. The Chinese softshell turtle is always considered as a precious food and medicated diet, has high market price, is deeply popular with consumers at home and abroad, and has developed into an important famous aquaculture industry in China.
The feed cost is reported to account for about 40% in the whole process of culturing the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, and the feeding of the feed and the quality of the selected feed determine the height of the culture cost. If artificial feed is selected for feeding, the breeding cost is high and the quality of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles cannot meet the requirements; if the pure natural ecological food is selected for feeding, the feeding of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles can be adjusted, more comprehensive nutrition can be provided, the digestion and absorption of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles are facilitated, the disease resistance of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is improved, and the breeding cost can be effectively reduced. Therefore, when the Chinese soft-shelled turtles are artificially cultured, how to reasonably match various foods for scientific feeding is realized according to the growth requirements and the ingestion habits of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, the culture cost is reduced, the digestion and absorption of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles are better, and the disease resistance of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is stronger, so that the problem to be solved is effectively promoted.
Mulberry trees have a long history in China, and the mulberry leaves are mainly used for silkworm breeding and can be eaten and used as medicines. The modern pharmaceutical research result shows that the mulberry leaves have various pharmacological activities and have the functions of eliminating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in vivo and in vitro and chelating metal ions, but the application of the mulberry leaf extract in the aspect of Chinese softshell turtle cultivation is only rarely reported at present. The mulberry leaves in China are abundant in resources, but are very limited in utilization, and a large amount of mulberry leaves are discarded every year. The novel application of the mulberry leaves is developed, the traditional mulberry leaf utilization structure is improved, the comprehensive utilization potential of the mulberry leaves is exerted, the waste is turned into wealth, and the economic and social benefits of the mulberry leaves are improved, so that the method has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a mulberry leaf source protein compound feed based on multiple fermentation of composite flora and application thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a mulberry leaf source protein Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed based on multiple fermentation of composite flora, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of fish meal, 20-30 parts of meat and bone meal, 5-10 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 10-15 parts of alpha-starch, 2-5 parts of vinasse, and CaH 2 PO 4 1-3 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5-2 parts of mineral premix, 2-7 parts of soybean meal and 0.5-1 part of fish oil.
The fermented mulberry leaf source protein is prepared by the following method:
pulverizing folium Mori, adding complex flora, and performing multiple fermentation.
Wherein the composite flora is a composite of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, yeast, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus coagulans and clostridium butyricum.
According to the invention, through long-term production research and development based on cost and flora antagonistic effect research, the six fermentation strains are finally determined, the strains can perform synergistic action to jointly ferment the mulberry leaves, and meanwhile, through optimizing and selecting the six strains, the whole process of fermentation and temperature rise is realized without the help of external heating, so that energy and resources are greatly saved. The fermentation process comprises the following steps: firstly, aerobic bacteria are fermented to generate heat, the temperature is naturally raised to about 37 ℃ and is most suitable for fermentation, then after oxygen is scarce, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis and the like are facultative anaerobes and can be continuously fermented, after all the oxygen is exhausted, the anaerobic bacteria such as bacillus coagulans, clostridium butyricum and the like are continuously fermented, the highest fermentation temperature can reach 48 ℃, external heating is not needed in the whole process, and the fermentation process is full and efficient.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the compound feed, the method comprising:
mixing the above raw materials.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the compound feed in the cultivation of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is provided.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for feeding trionyx sinensis, comprising: feeding the mulberry leaf source protein Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed to the Chinese soft-shelled turtles.
The feeding amount is controlled to be 3-5%, preferably 4% of the weight of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle.
The beneficial technical effects of one or more technical schemes are as follows:
the technical scheme provides a mulberry leaf source protein Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed based on multiple fermentation of composite flora, the compound feed is added with the fermented mulberry leaf source protein, the compound feed is rich in protein and other nutritional ingredients, and tests prove that the compound feed not only can remarkably reduce the feeding cost, but also can improve the weight and the survival rate of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle when used for feeding the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, so that the compound feed has a good value in practical application.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention thereto. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In a typical embodiment of the invention, a mulberry leaf source protein Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed based on multiple fermentation of complex flora is provided, and the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of fish meal, 20-30 parts of meat and bone meal, 5-10 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 10-15 parts of alpha-starch, 2-5 parts of vinasse, and CaH 2 PO 4 1-3 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5-2 parts of mineral premix, 2-7 parts of bean pulp and 0.5-1 part of fish oil.
In another embodiment of the invention, the fermented mulberry leaf source protein is prepared by the following method:
pulverizing folium Mori, adding complex flora, and performing multiple fermentation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the complex flora is a complex of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, yeast, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus coagulans and clostridium butyricum.
In another embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the yeast, the enterococcus faecalis, the bacillus coagulans and the clostridium butyricum is (1) from 0.1 to 0.5; preferably 0.5.
Wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the mulberry leaves is 0.1 to 1.
The fermentation process therefore comprises in particular: the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the yeast, the enterococcus faecalis, the bacillus coagulans and the clostridium butyricum are mixed into the crushed mulberry leaves to be fermented for 36-72 hours, generally speaking, the lower the external environment temperature is, the longer the fermentation time is, and by adopting the fermentation method, the fermentation effect is ensured, and meanwhile, the bacterial activity can be effectively maintained.
The fermentation method is adopted, so that cellulose which is not beneficial to digestion and other substances which are not beneficial to digestion in the mulberry leaves are decomposed, the mulberry leaves are decomposed into various organic acids, fatty acids and soluble proteins, and the high-quality proprotein is obtained after fermentation. Experiments prove that the composite microorganism is adopted for fermentation, so that the proportion of crude fibers in the fermented mulberry leaves can be effectively reduced, and the protein content in the fermented mulberry leaves is improved.
In another embodiment of the invention, the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
36 parts of fish meal, 24 parts of meat and bone meal, 7 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 6 parts of blood meal, 14.6 parts of alpha-starch, 4 parts of vinasse and CaH 2 PO 4 1.4 parts of vitamin premix, 0.3 part of mineral premix, 5 parts of bean pulp and 0.7 part of fish oil.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the compound feed, the method comprising:
mixing the above raw materials.
Wherein the fermented mulberry leaf source protein is obtained by adding a compound flora into crushed mulberry leaves and fermenting, and the fermentation time is controlled to be 36-72h.
Wherein the composite flora is a composite of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, yeast, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus coagulans and clostridium butyricum.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the yeast, the enterococcus faecalis, the bacillus coagulans and the clostridium butyricum is (1) from 0.1 to 1; preferably 0.5.
In another embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the mulberry leaves is 0.1 to 1.
In another embodiment of the invention, the application of the compound feed in the cultivation of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is provided.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for feeding trionyx sinensis, comprising: feeding the mulberry leaf source protein Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed to Chinese soft-shelled turtles.
The feeding amount is controlled to 3-5%, preferably 4% of the weight of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention thereto. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A mulberry leaf source protein Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed based on multiple fermentation of composite flora is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
36 parts of fish meal, 24 parts of meat and bone meal, 7 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 6 parts of blood meal, 14.6 parts of alpha-starch, 4 parts of vinasse and CaH 2 PO 4 1.4 parts of vitamin premix, 0.3 part of mineral premix, 5 parts of bean pulp and 0.7 part of fish oil.
The preparation method of the fermented mulberry leaf source protein comprises the following steps:
adding 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.2 part of bacillus licheniformis, 0.1 part of yeast, 1 part of enterococcus faecalis, 0.05 part of bacillus coagulans and 0.1 part of clostridium butyricum into 1000 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and fermenting for 72 hours. After the bacteria are selected for fermentation, cellulose which is not beneficial to digestion and other substances which are not beneficial to digestion in the mulberry leaves are decomposed, and the mulberry leaves are decomposed into a plurality of organic acids, fatty acids and soluble proteins, and then the high-quality proprotein is obtained after fermentation.
Example 2
The mulberry leaf source protein Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed based on multiple fermentation of the composite flora is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of fish meal, 26 parts of meat and bone meal, 5 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 7 parts of blood meal, 15 parts of alpha-starch, 5 parts of vinasse and CaH 2 PO 4 2 parts of vitamin premix, 0.2 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of mineral premix, 4 parts of soybean meal and 0.6 part of fish oil.
The preparation method of the fermented mulberry leaf source protein comprises the following steps:
adding 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.2 part of bacillus licheniformis, 0.1 part of yeast, 1 part of enterococcus faecalis, 0.05 part of bacillus coagulans and 0.1 part of clostridium butyricum into 1000 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and fermenting for 72 hours. After the bacteria are selected for fermentation, cellulose which is not beneficial to digestion and other substances which are not beneficial to digestion in the mulberry leaves are decomposed, and the mulberry leaves are decomposed into a plurality of organic acids, fatty acids and soluble proteins, and then the high-quality proprotein is obtained after fermentation.
Example 3
The mulberry leaf source protein Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed based on multiple fermentation of the composite flora is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
32 parts of fish meal, 28 parts of meat and bone meal, 6 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 6 parts of blood meal, 11 parts of alpha-starch, 3 parts of vinasse and CaH 2 PO 4 1 part, 0.3 part of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 3 parts of soybean meal and 0.5 part of fish oil.
The preparation method of the fermented mulberry leaf source protein comprises the following steps:
adding 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.2 part of bacillus licheniformis, 0.1 part of yeast, 1 part of enterococcus faecalis, 0.05 part of bacillus coagulans and 0.1 part of clostridium butyricum into 1000 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and fermenting for 72 hours. After the bacteria are selected for fermentation, cellulose which is not beneficial to digestion and other substances which are not beneficial to digestion in the mulberry leaves are decomposed, and the mulberry leaves are decomposed into a plurality of organic acids, fatty acids and soluble proteins, and then the high-quality proprotein is obtained after fermentation.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the fermented mulberry leaf source protein is not used, and the common soybean protein concentrate in the market is adopted, and specifically, the compound feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is provided, and is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
36 parts of fish meal, 24 parts of meat and bone meal, 6 parts of blood meal, 14.6 parts of alpha-starch, 4 parts of vinasse and CaH 2 PO 4 1.4 parts of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of soybean protein concentrate and 0.7 part of fish oil.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the comparative example 1, the fermented mulberry leaf source protein is used for replacing 50% of fish meal, and specifically, the compound feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
18 parts of fish meal, 3.5 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 24 parts of meat and bone meal, 6 parts of blood meal, 14.6 parts of alpha-starch, 4 parts of vinasse and CaH 2 PO 4 1.4 parts of vitamin premix, 0.3 part of mineral premix, 5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of soybean protein concentrate and 0.7 part of fish oil.
The preparation method of the protein derived from the fermented mulberry leaf is the same as that in example 1.
Effect verification
The test pond, the control pond 1 and the control pond 2 were set, and the compound feed in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 was fed. The experimental pelodiscus sinensis is young pelodiscus sinensis of about 50g, the experimental pond is about 3 mu, the hardening slope protection is used for preventing escape, the weight of the pelodiscus sinensis is fed by 4% every day, the experimental period is 100 days, and the data are shown in the following tables 1 and 2, which shows that the compound feed prepared in the example 1 can obviously improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the pelodiscus sinensis, reduce diseases and simultaneously obviously reduce the cost, and compared with the comparative example 1, the cost is reduced by more than 17% through calculation.
Finally, it should be noted that, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of mulberry leaf source protein compound feed based on multiple fermentation of complex flora is characterized in that the mulberry leaf source protein compound feed is prepared by mixing raw material components;
the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of fish meal, 20-30 parts of meat and bone meal, 5-10 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 10-15 parts of alpha-starch, 2-5 parts of vinasse, and CaH 2 PO 4 1-3 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5-2 parts of mineral premix, 2-7 parts of soybean meal and 0.5-1 part of fish oil;
the fermented mulberry leaf source protein is prepared by the following method:
pulverizing folium Mori, adding compound flora, and performing multiple fermentation;
the composite flora is a composite of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, yeast, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus coagulans and clostridium butyricum;
the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus licheniformis to the yeast to the enterococcus faecalis to the clostridium butyricum is 0.1 to 1, and is 0.05 to 0.5;
the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the mulberry leaves is 0.1 to 1;
the fermentation method for fermenting the mulberry leaf source protein specifically comprises the following steps: mixing Bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, yeast, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus coagulans and Clostridium butyricum into pulverized folium Mori, and fermenting for 36-72 hr.
2. The preparation method of the mulberry leaf source protein compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the yeast, the enterococcus faecalis, the bacillus coagulans and the clostridium butyricum is 0.5.
3. The method for preparing the mulberry leaf source protein compound feed according to claim 1, wherein the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
36 parts of fish meal, 24 parts of meat and bone meal, 7 parts of fermented mulberry leaf source protein, 6 parts of blood meal, 14.6 parts of alpha-starch,4 parts of vinasse, caH 2 PO 4 1.4 parts of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 5 parts of soybean meal and 0.7 part of fish oil.
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| CN112189770A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-08 | 湖南省蚕桑科学研究所 | Antibiotic-free grass carp feed containing fermented mulberry leaves and preparation method thereof |
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Denomination of invention: Mulberry leaf protein feed based on multiple fermentation of composite microbial communities and its application Granted publication date: 20221227 Pledgee: Laiwu Pearl River Village and Town Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: Shandong Haori Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980004075 |