CN114009278B - Coriander chrysanthemum-based storehouse pond hydro-fluctuation belt quilt recovery method - Google Patents
Coriander chrysanthemum-based storehouse pond hydro-fluctuation belt quilt recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, and provides a coriander chrysanthemum-based storehouse pond hydro-fluctuation belt quilt restoration method, which comprises the following steps: mixed planting of the coriander chrysanthemum seeds and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds is carried out on the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir pond, and the mixed planting comprises sowing or soil seed reservoir transplanting. The growth cycle of the coriander chrysanthemum and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants is short, the seeds are mature in 1-2 months, the covering ground cover can be continuously bred, and the landform of the falling zone can be naturally and quickly recovered. The invention has obvious restoration effect on the hydro-fluctuation belt, can adapt to water level change, has good growth vigor, strong drought resistance and water flooding resistance, extensive management and protection and strong sustainability, can protect water quality and has certain landscape value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, in particular to a coriander chrysanthemum-based method for restoring a pond hydro-fluctuation belt.
Background
Although the economic technology, ecological environment, industrial development and historical background are different between domestic and foreign countries, the domestic and foreign countries have the same general concentration point for vegetation restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt. Researches on reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt vegetation recovery at home and abroad mainly focus on succession researches on the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt vegetation, composition researches on the hydro-fluctuation belt vegetation, screening researches on suitable plants in the hydro-fluctuation belt, researches on vegetation recovery limiting factors in the hydro-fluctuation belt vegetation, researches on vegetation recovery modes in the hydro-fluctuation belt and the like. Most of researches on hydro-fluctuation belts in recent years are mainly focused on the three gorges reservoir area, and a small part of hydro-fluctuation belts are researched in south China and southwest China, and the researches mainly comprise the aspects of ecological environmental problems of the hydro-fluctuation belts, vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction, development, utilization and management of the hydro-fluctuation belts and the like, wherein the vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction are the most important aspects.
Reservoir hydro-fluctuation belts have some common problems: (1) perennial water logging, water wave erosion and surface runoff take away a large amount of nutrient elements such as nitrogen , the soil in the hydro-fluctuation belt is early and heavy, the soil is poor, the vegetation is difficult to live and gradually withers, and the vegetation in most regions disappears; (2) the loss of the water king is serious, and the geological disasters such as landslide, collapse, debris flow and the like often occur. The method is a very key and important step for recovering vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation belt for constructing proper site conditions and ecological environment for plant growth in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt. The hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir area is an important component of the reservoir, and the restoration and reconstruction of the ecological system not only directly relate to the water loss and soil erosion of the reservoir, the sediment deposition amount and the water quality standard, but also directly influence the operation and the service life of the reservoir and simultaneously influence the economic development of the reservoir area.
Zhang Jianchun, etc. adopts pioneer species introduction technology and bioengineering measures to the degraded diving riparian zone of Anhui, designs Yuanzhu-maple poplar-sedge mode and Yi Yang Yi amorpha fruticosa-salix chinensis 2 riparian plant community structure optimization configuration mode, the recovered riparian zone ecosystem biodiversity and stability are increased, and the soil structure and nutrient condition are improved. Liu Xinan and the like can solve the problems of water and soil loss, water eutrophication and the like of a water-and-fall zone by utilizing a vetiver and engineering comprehensive technology. Li Changxiao et al simulated the photosynthetic characteristics of larch and cedar seedlings under the soil moisture change conditions of three reservoir zone hydro fluctuation zones. The prior art has the defects of poor growth vigor, poor flooding resistance, poor biomass, difficult management and protection, poor sustainability and the like of plants in the hydro-fluctuation belt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art and provide a method for restoring a hydro-fluctuation belt, which is suitable for the harsh environment of a hydro-fluctuation belt of a reservoir, is suitable for water level change, has good growth vigor, strong flooding resistance, extensive management and protection and strong sustainability. The purpose of the invention is realized based on the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a coriander chrysanthemum-based storehouse pond hydro-fluctuation belt quilt recovery method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of planting coriander chrysanthemum seeds and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds in a mixed mode in a pond hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient smaller than or equal to 35 degrees, wherein the mixed planting comprises sowing or soil seed bank transplanting.
The soil of hydro-fluctuation belts in south China is leaner, and the drought condition is more serious; aiming at the existing problems, the suitable plants in the hydro-fluctuation belt not only need to have the performances of flooding resistance, drought resistance, wave erosion resistance and the like, but also simultaneously have the barren resistance and higher nutrient element utilization capacity. The coriander chrysanthemum grows in the riverside wetland and is also a weed in the rice field, has strong growth vigor, strong barren resistance, good flooding resistance, developed root system and extensive management. The biological ecological water-retaining agent is suitable for growing in a reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt, can meet the requirement of the growth of a long-term exposed habitat of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt, has certain biomass, grows rapidly, and has a certain protection effect on landscape ecology and water and soil loss of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt. The roots of the coriander chrysanthemums are very thick, but the roots are very shallow, the land cannot be firmly grasped, and the sent branches are very fragile and have very strong fertilizer absorbing capacity, so that the coriander chrysanthemums are difficult to grow on an excessively steep falling belt, the coriander chrysanthemums are suitable for growing on the land with a relatively flat terrain, the management on planting is facilitated, the growth of the roots and the robust growth of the branches are promoted, and the function of quickly recovering the groundcover is exerted. In view of the above, the invention applies the coriander to the pond hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient less than or equal to 35 degrees, and because the gradient is slow, the soil moisture can not be rapidly reduced when the water falls back to the lowest water level, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the coriander. The growth cycle of the coriander chrysanthemum and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants is short, the coriander chrysanthemum and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants can grow quickly after 10 days, the seeds are mature after 1-2 months, the covering ground cover can be continuously propagated, the landform of a hydro-fluctuation zone can be naturally and quickly recovered, and the loss of water and soil at the bottom of a reservoir can be prevented. The invention can also change the original soil environment of the hydro-fluctuation belt by utilizing the soil seed bank technology, provides a good environment for the germination and growth of seeds, promotes the heterogeneity of ecological space, improves the germination rate of the seeds and is beneficial to the growth of coriander chrysanthemum and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants.
Preferably, the sowing comprises the steps of:
s1, seed screening and processing: screening mature, full and plant pest-and-disease-resistant coriander chrysanthemum seeds and flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds, putting the seeds into a mixed solution, firstly treating the seeds for 5-20 min by adopting ultrasonic waves, and then continuously soaking the seeds until the water absorption amount is 40-55% of the original weight of the seeds; the mixed solution comprises biogas slurry, gibberellin, amino acid and water;
s2, planting: and (4) planting coriander chrysanthemum seeds and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds in a mixed manner in the pond hydro-fluctuation zone when the water falls back to the lowest water level.
The biogas slurry contains various amino acids, vitamins, proteins, auxin, saccharides, nucleic acid, antibiotics and the like, provides various nutrient elements for the growth of plants and has the effects of preventing diseases and killing insects. Gibberellin is a plant growth regulator, and can promote the growth and development of crops, promote germination, tillering and bolting, make the crops mature in advance and improve the fruit bearing rate. Therefore, the germination rate and the mature fruiting rate of the plants can be greatly improved through seed soaking treatment, the grown seeds can be used for covering the hydro-fluctuation belt again, and the vegetation of the hydro-fluctuation belt can be quickly recovered through the circulation. When the water just falls back to the lowest water level, the soil humidity is higher, the environment is proper, and the germination of the seeds of the coriander chrysanthemum and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants and the rapid growth of the roots and branches are facilitated. And the water fall-back time is about 8 months generally, the method is suitable for planting the coriander chrysanthemum in the season, the soil humidity is suitable, the sunlight is sufficient, the growth of the coriander chrysanthemum is facilitated, and the coriander chrysanthemum can grow and multiply rapidly after being sown.
Preferably, the mixed solution in the step S1 comprises 10 to 30 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 0.1 to 1 part by weight of gibberellin, 8 to 20 parts by weight of amino acid, and 100 parts by weight of water.
Preferably, the planting mode in the step S2 includes scattering and/or hole planting, the seeding mode is simple, and the seeds can germinate and grow well.
Preferably, the planting area of the coriander chrysanthemum in the step S2 accounts for 30-50% of the hydro-fluctuation belt area of the reservoir pond, and the planting area of other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants accounts for 20-40% of the hydro-fluctuation belt area of the reservoir pond. The growth period is short, and the seeds can be continuously propagated after being mature, so that the whole hydro-fluctuation belt does not need to be covered, and the vegetation can be naturally restored by depending on the self propagation capability.
Preferably, the other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants comprise one or more of polygonum hydropiper, astragalus sinicus and lindera communis, and have short growth cycle and strong reproduction capability.
Preferably, the range of the mixed planting is between the normal water level and the lowest water level, the soil in the range is close to a water source and loose in soil quality, the germination of seeds is facilitated, the growth of roots and the rapid growth of branches are promoted, and the water and soil loss at the bottom of a reservoir is prevented.
Preferably, the soil seed bank transplanting specifically comprises: land preparation is carried out on the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse pond when the water falls back to the lowest water level and the soil humidity is 60-90%, then the soil seed storehouse containing the coriander chrysanthemum seeds and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds, namely the soil seed storehouse with the same water level, the same height and the same latitude, is transplanted to the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse pond, the soil environment of the hydro-fluctuation belt is changed, the propagation is fast, and the vegetation can be rapidly grown on the hydro-fluctuation belt.
Preferably, the area of the soil seed bank transplantation accounts for 50-80% of the area of the pool hydro-fluctuation belt. The soil seed bank changes the soil environment of the hydro-fluctuation belt, has short growth period, and can continue to reproduce after the seeds are mature, so the whole hydro-fluctuation belt does not need to be covered, and the vegetation can be naturally restored by depending on the self reproduction capability.
Preferably, the soil humidity during mixed planting is 60-90%, the soil is kept in a moist state, favorable conditions are provided for the germination and growth of various flooding-resistant herbaceous plants, and the germination and growth of seeds are facilitated.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides coriander chrysanthemum-based kansai hydro-fluctuation belt quilt, which is obtained by any one of the recovery methods.
The invention can obtain at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention takes the coriander chrysanthemum as the plant for the growth of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt, can meet the growth of the long-term bare habitat of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt, has certain biomass, grows rapidly, and has certain protection effect on landscape ecology and water and soil loss of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt. According to the topographic features of the storehouse pond and the growth features of the coriander, the coriander and other flood-resistant herbaceous plants are mixed and planted in the hydro-fluctuation belt with a gentle gradient, so that the ecological functions of better retaining water and soil, conserving water sources and the like of various plants are fully exerted, the restoration effect on the hydro-fluctuation belt is obvious, the ground cover is quickly restored, and the water and soil loss of the storehouse pond, particularly the bottom of the storehouse, is prevented; the water level change can be adapted, the growth vigor is good, the drought resistance and the water flooding resistance are strong, the management and the protection are extensive, the economy and the practicability are realized, and the sustainability is strong.
2. The method treats the seeds before planting, utilizes the ultrasonic waves and the mixed solution containing various nutrient substances to soak the seeds, ensures that the seeds absorb certain moisture and nutrition, promotes the germination of the seeds, improves the germination rate, shortens the maturation period, quickly covers the falling zone of a storehouse pond and recovers the ground cover. Or by utilizing the soil seed bank technology, the soil seed bank containing the coriander chrysanthemum seeds and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds is transplanted to the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank pond, so that the soil environment of the hydro-fluctuation belt is changed, the propagation is fast, and the vegetation can be quickly grown on the hydro-fluctuation belt.
3. The invention can protect water quality and has certain landscape value, the method is simple, the restoration effect is good, the method is economical and practical, and the method has important social effect and application value for the restoration and treatment of ecological environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hydro-fluctuation belt vegetation based on a coriander-chrysanthemum community in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a local hydro-fluctuation belt vegetation in the dry season in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The ordinary water level is obtained after long-term observation of the water level, and 50% of the water level is equal to or exceeds the elevation value of the water level in one year or a plurality of years. The lowest water level refers to the average low water level of the pond falling zone in the near 5 years or the average low water level in the dry period.
Example 1
A coriander chrysanthemum-based method for restoring the hydro-fluctuation belt of a kui pond comprises the following steps:
s1, seed screening and processing: screening mature, full and plant-pest-free coriander chrysanthemum, polygonum hydropiper, astragalus sinicus and Veronica officinalis seeds, putting the seeds into a mixed solution, firstly treating the seeds for 5min by adopting ultrasonic waves, and then continuously soaking the seeds until the water absorption is 40-42% of the original weight of the seeds; wherein the mixed solution comprises 25 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 0.2 part by weight of gibberellin, 10 parts by weight of serine, 8 parts by weight of phenylalanine and 100 parts by weight of water;
s2, planting: when water falls back to the lowest water level and the soil humidity is 60-65%, planting Chinese parsley, polygonum hydropiper, astragalus sinicus and gynura bicolor seeds in a mixed mode in a pond hydro-fluctuation zone with the gradient not more than 35 degrees in a scattered mode, wherein the planting area of the Chinese parsley accounts for 35-36% of the area of the pond hydro-fluctuation zone, and the planting area of the Chinese parsley, the astragalus sinicus and the gynura bicolor (the quantity ratio is about 1.
Example 2
A coriander chrysanthemum-based method for restoring the hydro-fluctuation belt of a kui pond comprises the following steps:
s1, seed screening and processing: screening ripe, full and plant and insect pest-free coriander chrysanthemum, polygonum hydropiper and astragalus sinicus seeds, putting the seeds into a mixed solution, firstly treating the seeds for 20min by adopting ultrasonic waves, and then continuously soaking the seeds until the water absorption is 50-52% of the original weight of the seeds; wherein the mixed solution comprises 15 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 0.8 part by weight of gibberellin, 10 parts by weight of glycine and 100 parts by weight of water;
s2, planting: when the water falls back to the lowest water level and the soil humidity is 80-83%, planting the coriander chrysanthemum seeds and other flood-resistant herbaceous plant seeds in a mixed manner in a pond hydro-fluctuation zone with the gradient less than or equal to 35 degrees, wherein the planting mode is that the hole planting and sowing distance is about 4cm, the planting area of the coriander chrysanthemum accounts for 48-50% of the area of the pond hydro-fluctuation zone, and the polygonum hydropiper and astragalus sinicus (the quantity ratio is 1:1) accounts for 35-36% of the area of the pond hydro-fluctuation zone.
Example 3
A coriander chrysanthemum-based method for restoring the hydro-fluctuation belt of a kui pond comprises the following steps:
s1, seed screening and processing: screening mature, full and plant-pest-free coriander chrysanthemum, polygonum hydropiper, astragalus sinicus and menispermum seeds, putting the seeds into a mixed solution, firstly treating the seeds for 10min by adopting ultrasonic waves, and then continuously soaking the seeds until the water absorption amount is 45-46% of the original weight of the seeds; wherein the mixed solution comprises 20 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 0.5 part by weight of gibberellin, 15 parts by weight of phenylalanine and 100 parts by weight of water;
s2, planting: when water falls to the lowest water level and the soil humidity is 70-73%, planting the mixed seeds of the coriander, the polygonum hydropiper, the milk vetch and the anopheles hybridus in a pond hydro-fluctuation zone with the gradient not more than 35 degrees in a mode that the hole planting and the seeding spacing are about 3-5.5 cm, the planting area of the coriander is 40-42% of the area of the pond hydro-fluctuation zone, and the water polygodium hydropiper, the milk vetch and the anopheles hybridus (the number ratio is about 1).
Example 4
A coriander-chrysanthemum-based storehouse pond hydro-fluctuation belt recovery method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: preparing soil of the pond hydro-fluctuation belt, and loosening the soil;
s2, planting: when water falls to the lowest water level and the soil humidity is 70-72%, transplanting and paving a soil seed bank containing coriander, polygonum hydropiper, milk vetch and menispermaceae seeds on a pool falling belt with the gradient less than or equal to 35 degrees, wherein the transplanted area accounts for 75-76% of the area of the pool falling belt, the coriander accounts for 40-45%, and the polygonum hydropiper, milk vetch and menispermaceae (the number ratio is about 1).
Example 5
A coriander-chrysanthemum-based storehouse pond hydro-fluctuation belt recovery method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: preparing soil of the pond hydro-fluctuation belt, and loosening the soil;
s2, planting: when water falls to the lowest water level and the soil humidity is 85-86%, transplanting and paving a soil seed bank containing coriander chrysanthemum, polygonum hydropiper and menispermum sibiricum seeds on a bank pond hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient not more than 35 degrees, wherein the transplanted area accounts for 52-55% of the area of the bank pond hydro-fluctuation belt, the coriander chrysanthemum accounts for 30-32%, other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants account for 22-23%, other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants comprise polygonum hydropiper and menispermum sibiricum, and the quantity ratio is about 1:1.
example 6
A coriander chrysanthemum-based method for restoring the hydro-fluctuation belt of a kui pond comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: preparing soil of the pond hydro-fluctuation belt, and loosening the soil;
s2, planting: when the soil humidity is 75-78%, transplanting and paving a soil seed bank containing coriander, astragalus sinicus and gynura bicolor seeds on a pond hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient of less than or equal to 35 degrees, wherein the transplanted area accounts for 65-66% of the area of the pond hydro-fluctuation belt, 35-36% of the coriander, and 30-31% of the astragalus sinicus and gynura bicolor (the quantity ratio is 1:1).
The embodiment 1-6 can quickly recover the pond hydro-fluctuation belt quilts, and can naturally recover the quilts by depending on self reproduction. As shown in figures 1 and 2, in the dry season, under the condition of severe drought of the land, the vegetation can still grow, the growth vigor is good, and the restoration effect on the falling zone is obvious; the water level change can be adapted, and the water level change is drought-resistant, flooding-resistant, extensive in management and protection and strong in sustainability; not only can protect the water quality, but also has certain landscape value; the ground cover can endure long-term flooding, and can quickly recover growth after water falls back.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for restoring a pond hydro-fluctuation belt in the south China based on coriander chrysanthemums is characterized in that coriander chrysanthemums seeds and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds are mixed and planted in the pond hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient less than or equal to 35 degrees, and the mixed planting comprises sowing or soil seed bank transplantation; the other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants comprise one or more of Polygonum hydropiper, astragalus sinicus, and Veronica officinalis;
the sowing comprises the following steps:
s1, seed screening and processing: screening mature, full and plant pest-and-disease-resistant coriander chrysanthemum seeds and flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds, putting the seeds into a mixed solution, firstly treating the seeds for 5-20 min by adopting ultrasonic waves, and then continuously soaking the seeds until the water absorption amount is 40-55% of the original weight of the seeds; the mixed solution comprises 10 to 30 parts of biogas slurry, 0.1 to 1 part of gibberellin, 8 to 20 parts of amino acid and 100 parts of water in parts by weight;
s2, planting: planting coriander chrysanthemum seeds and other flooding-resistant herbaceous plant seeds in the pond hydro-fluctuation belt when the water falls back to the lowest water level; the planting area of the coriander chrysanthemum accounts for 30-50% of the hydro-fluctuation belt area of the reservoir pond, and the planting area of other flooding-resistant herbaceous plants accounts for 20-40% of the hydro-fluctuation belt area of the reservoir pond.
2. The method for restoring the Chinese pond hydro-fluctuation belt land based on the coriander chrysanthemum according to the claim 1, wherein the planting mode in the step S2 comprises scattering and/or hole planting.
3. The method for restoring the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Chinese southern area Kunstang based on the coriander chrysanthemum according to the claim 1, wherein the range of the mixed planting is between the normal water level and the lowest water level.
4. The method for recovering the pond hydro-fluctuation belt in the south China based on the coriander chrysanthemum, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that the area of the soil seed bank transplantation accounts for 50-80% of the area of the pond hydro-fluctuation belt.
5. The method for restoring the bashan hydro-fluctuation belt land cover in the south China based on the coriander chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the soil humidity during mixed planting is 60-90%.
6. A coriander-chrysanthemum-based kansui hydro-fluctuation belt quilt in the south China, which is characterized by being obtained by the recovery method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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