CN114007442A - Feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoter, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoter, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114007442A CN114007442A CN202080014967.9A CN202080014967A CN114007442A CN 114007442 A CN114007442 A CN 114007442A CN 202080014967 A CN202080014967 A CN 202080014967A CN 114007442 A CN114007442 A CN 114007442A
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- feed additive
- feed
- plant
- pigs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoter, which comprises the following components: 5-50 parts of organic trace elements, 5-45 parts of plant extracts, 5-38 parts of plant essential oil and 10-60 parts of plant materials. The feed additive has certain antiviral and virus replication inhibiting effects, can effectively resist and reduce invasion and damage of external bacteria and viruses, especially can prevent and reduce ASFV virus infection, and can replace antibiotic growth promoter. The preparation method of the feed additive is simple to operate, low in cost and short in production period. The invention also discloses the application of the feed additive in preparing livestock feed, and the feed additive with the dosage of 1.0-10.0kg/T can prevent African swine fever; the feed additive with the dosage of 0.3-0.5kg/T can replace antibiotics, and has the effect of improving the animal immunity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic and virulent infectious disease caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) infecting domestic pigs and various wild pigs (such as African wild pigs, European wild pigs and the like). The world animal health Organization (OIE) classifies the animal epidemic disease as a legal report animal epidemic disease, and the disease is also a type of animal epidemic disease which is mainly prevented in China. The clinical symptoms of African swine fever are similar to those of swine fever, and diagnosis can be confirmed only by means of laboratory monitoring.
The ASFV is introduced into China from 2018, and the ASFV is epidemic in the south of China, the speed is high, the hit rate is high, and the ASFV is inexplicable. The pigs suspected to be ill are cleaned out, and the infection of healthy swinery is prevented like tooth extraction, which is called as 'swinery tooth extraction' in the industry. However, after the infection of the ordinary pig farm, the pig farm can be completely cleared in one week to half a month, and the production in the tooth pulling mode is difficult to realize.
Antibiotic growth promoters refer to antibiotic additives used in animal husbandry as a non-therapeutic use. Most antibiotic growth promoters can kill animal intestinal microorganisms and promote the absorption of nutrients in the feed by the animal organism. However, the addition of antibiotic growth promoters to feed for a long period of time may cause bacterial resistance in the animal. The use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal husbandry feed was completely banned in the european union from 1 month and 1 day 2006. Canada does not ban the use of antibiotic growth promoters. Currently, there are several groups in the united states that propose the ban of antibiotic growth promoters, but no implementation has been pursued. In brazil, most antibiotics are still allowed to be used, but there are regulations to limit. Russia requires that the animals must have a 3-week drug holiday before slaughter.
Therefore, the development of an animal feed additive which has a preventive effect on the ASFV virus and can replace antibiotics is of great significance in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and defects mentioned in the background technology, and provide a feed additive capable of preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-50 parts of organic trace elements, 5-45 parts of plant extracts, 5-38 parts of plant essential oil and 10-60 parts of plant materials.
The feed additive is prepared by taking functional organic trace elements, specific plant extracts, various plant essential oils and the like as main components, has certain antivirus and virus replication inhibiting effects, effectively resists and reduces invasion and damage of external bacteria and viruses, resists and reduces ASFV virus infection and damage to pig farms, can obviously reduce influenza viruses, and has obvious improvement effect on preventing diseases such as avian influenza, herpes simplex virus, myelitis and the like.
The feed additive has strong reducing capacity, can inhibit monocytes from generating superoxide, can reduce substances which have aerobic action on animals through olefinic bonds of the feed additive, can promote the monocytes to participate in an animal immune system in the form of fixed cells and free cells, transfer antigen-determined groups carried by the monocytes to lymphocytes after phagocytosing antigens, induce lymphocyte specific immune response, can effectively improve the immune function, the oxidation resistance and the spectrum antibacterial capacity of the animals, can promote the animals to perform regular healthy metabolism, effectively improve the overall health level of the animals, and can replace antibiotics.
Preferably, the organic trace elements of the feed additive include one or more of copper hydroxymethionine, iron hydroxymethionine, zinc hydroxymethionine, manganese hydroxymethionine, chromium hydroxymethionine, copper hydroxymethionine, iron methionine, zinc methionine, manganese methionine, chromium methionine, copper glycinate, iron glycinate, zinc glycinate, manganese glycinate, chromium glycinate, copper threonine, iron threonine, zinc threonine, manganese threonine, chromium threonine, zinc tryptophan, copper tryptophan, ferrous tryptophan, manganese tryptophan, copper complex amino acid, iron complex amino acid, zinc complex amino acid, manganese complex amino acid and chromium complex amino acid.
The functional organic trace elements have the following functions: 1) zn, Mn and Cu which can transport out various tissues and organs are combined with the active center of bacterial protein, so that pathogenic bacteria lose activity, tissue cells are protected, and the bacteriostatic action is enhanced; 2) the intestinal mucosa immune system can strengthen the tight connection between the intestinal epithelial cells and reduce the permeability of cell membranes, thereby promoting the intestinal epithelial cells to release some signal molecules which have important regulation effect on the initial inflammatory reaction of the whole intestinal immune system, strengthening the immune defense capability of the intestinal mucosa, being used as an immune auxiliary factor and an immune reinforcing agent and improving the immune function of animal organisms; 3) can promote MT formation in animal body, eliminate free radicals in animal body, is a component of Cu-Zn SOD, can improve SOD activity, scavenge hydroxyl free radicals and superoxide anions, antagonize redox active transition metal, inhibit catalytic activity of copper and iron, and inhibit H2O2Oxygen and the like form free radicals to delay the oxidation process in vivo; 4) the zinc element can also participate in complement reaction, and a proper amount of zinc can promote cascade amplification of complement, so as to play a role in assisting and strengthening the defense capability and the effect of phagocytes, antibodies and the like.
Preferably, the plant extract includes one or more of ginkgo biloba extract, honeysuckle extract, isatis root extract, astragalus extract, licorice extract, forsythia extract, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome extract, dandelion extract, patchouli extract, anemarrhena rhizome extract, curcuma aromatica extract, rehmannia glutinosa extract, beautyberry extract and reed rhizome extract.
The bioactive components of the plant extract containing Chinese medicinal components have antimicrobial activity, immunity enhancing activity, and antioxidant activity, and have antibacterial, antiinflammatory, repercussive, cell oxidation preventing, and meat quality improving effects.
Preferably, the plant essential oil comprises one or more of origanum oil, capsicum oil, tea tree oil, clove essential oil, bergamot oil, cinnamon essential oil, peppermint oil and anise oil.
The plant essential oil is generally added into feed as a seasoning phagostimulant, and the plant essential oil is rarely researched as a substitute of antibiotics. The research finds that the plant essential oil such as the star anise oil and the chilli oil has a remarkable bacteriostatic effect, particularly the feed added with the plant essential oil has a remarkable effect on preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases, can replace antibiotics, has the effects of sterilizing and inhibiting bacteria, stopping bleeding, diminishing swelling, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and the like, and can improve the adverse symptoms of the swine as soon as possible. The composition can be used in combination with other components to better relieve and improve the bad symptoms of sick pigs or pigs in sub-health state.
The main components of the plant essential oil are aromatic substances such as unsaturated lipid, terpenes and the like, and the plant essential oil has the characteristics of wide antibacterial spectrum (various bacteria, fungi and the like), strong antibacterial activity and the like; plant essential oil sterilization is characterized by its bactericidal action in the form of a membrane disrupter, acting by increasing the permeability of the liposome system causing lysis and loss of membrane integrity, and by eventual bacterial death due to ion leakage and inhibited respiration; in addition, the contained reductive terpenoid is a natural antioxidant, has strong reducibility, inhibits macrophage from generating cytokine through self oxidation, prevents oxygen molecules from being converted into superoxide, aggravates tissue damage, and can interfere virus uncoating to cause virus death.
Preferably, the plant material comprises one or more of alfalfa meal, corncob meal, rice hull meal, beanstalk meal, defatted rice bran, peanut hull meal, activated carbon and non-activated carbon.
The plant material has stronger adsorption effect on viruses, can bind and adsorb pathogenic biotoxin in intestinal tracts to the maximum extent, reduces intercellular link destruction caused by the toxin, reduces the death rate of intestinal epithelial cells, prevents immune barrier collapse and inflammation chain reaction and organ function limitation caused by the fact that the toxin enters a circulatory system of an animal, improves digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, further prevents spreading and diffusion of the viruses, and improves the survival rate of the animal.
Preferably, the feed additive also comprises 1-10 parts of fermented extract by weight; the fermented extract comprises fermented wheat germ extract and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract.
The wheat germ contains essential vitamins, important major and trace elements, essential fatty acids and fatty alcohols, and Fermented Wheat Germ Extract (FWGE) has immunoregulatory, antioxidant and growth promoting effects. The saccharomyces cerevisiae extract can effectively improve the balance of the bacterial flora in the digestive tract of livestock and poultry, enhance the immunity of the organism and provide rich nutrient substances, thereby achieving multiple effects of preventing and treating digestive tract diseases, promoting growth and the like, and has the characteristics of no toxicity, no side effect, no pollution, no drug resistance and the like.
Based on a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides two preparation methods of the above feed additive, the first preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and airing the plant materials, drying the plant materials in a dryer, then putting the dried plant materials in a crusher for crushing, sieving the crushed plant materials by a sieve with 10-200 meshes, and uniformly mixing the crushed plant materials to obtain a small bag 1 for later use;
(2) uniformly mixing the plant extract with the small bag 1 to obtain a small bag 2 for later use;
(3) adding plant essential oil into the small bag 2, and mixing to obtain a small bag 3 for later use;
(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the organic trace elements and the small bag 3 to obtain the product.
In the preparation method, the organic trace elements contain ferrous iron, and the ferrous iron can be oxidized into ferric iron after being deliquesced after being exposed in humid air for a long time. The plant extract has high water content, and after the organic trace elements are directly mixed with the plant extract, the plant extract is easy to oxidize and deteriorate and turns red after being exposed in humid air for a long time. Direct mixing of the two should be avoided.
The treated plant material packet 1 is fluffy, has light specific gravity, is easy to raise dust, has a porous structure, and has large specific surface area and strong adsorption force. The plant extract is pasty, viscous, not easy to be scattered, and difficult to be mixed uniformly due to large specific gravity. Premixing the plant material packet 1 with the plant extract can neutralize the above disadvantages, and is beneficial for the next mixing.
For the components which are not easy to mix uniformly, the mixing uniformity is better through multi-stage mixing.
The second preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and airing the plant materials, drying the plant materials in a dryer, then putting the dried plant materials in a crusher for crushing, sieving the crushed plant materials by a sieve with 10-200 meshes, and uniformly mixing the crushed plant materials to obtain a small bag 1 for later use;
(2) uniformly mixing the small bag 1 with organic trace elements to obtain a small bag 2 for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing the plant extract and the plant essential oil to obtain a small bag 3 for later use;
(4) and uniformly mixing the small bags 2 and 3 to obtain the product.
In the preparation method, the processed plant material packet 1 is fluffy, light in specific gravity, easy to raise dust, porous in structure, large in specific surface area and strong in adsorption force. The organic trace elements contain ferrous iron, and after long-term exposure to humid air, the possibility of oxidizing the ferrous iron into ferric iron still exists after deliquescence. The small bag 1 and the organic trace elements are premixed, and the defects of the small bag and the organic trace elements are neutralized, so that dust and material layering caused by subsequent mixing can be avoided, and the next step of mixing is facilitated.
The plant extract is pasty, viscous, not easy to be scattered, and difficult to be mixed uniformly due to large specific gravity. The plant essential oil is liquid and volatile, and can dilute the viscosity of the plant extract after being premixed with the plant extract, thereby being beneficial to the next step of mixing.
In addition, the organic trace elements cannot be directly mixed with the plant extract, which is one of the reasons why the stepwise mixing is adopted in the present invention. Because the organic trace elements contain ferrous iron, the possibility of oxidizing the ferrous iron into ferric iron exists after the deliquescence after the long-term exposure to humid air. After the organic trace elements are directly mixed with other components, the mixture is easy to oxidize and deteriorate and turns red after being exposed in humid air for a long time. The plant extract has large water content and complex components, and can easily oxidize ferrous iron in the organic trace elements into ferric iron.
In the preparation method, the mixing time of the step (1), the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4) is preferably 150-300 s.
Preferably, in the step (4), the product is obtained after the small package 2 and the small package 3 are uniformly mixed and the fermentation extract is added and mixed for 300-500 s.
Based on a general inventive concept, the invention also provides application of the feed additive, and the feed additive is used for preparing pig feed capable of preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or preparing livestock feed capable of replacing antibiotic growth promoters.
In the above application, preferably, the other swine diseases include classical swine fever, blue ear disease, pseudorabies or epidemic diarrhea. Specifically, the feed additive contains organic trace elements, essential oil, plant extracts and plant materials; the organic trace elements and the essential oil components can promote the organism to generate immune response to kill viruses by improving the immune functions of thymus, spleen and lymphocytes on one hand; on the other hand, the antioxidant capacity of the animal body can be improved, and a large amount of oxygen free radicals generated by the organism caused by viruses are eliminated, so that the visceral organs are protected from being damaged, and finally, the antiviral effect is achieved. In addition, the plant materials and plant extract components contained in the feed additive can act synergistically with other components, so that the problem of diarrhea caused by the damage of viruses to the intestinal function of animals can be solved, the effect can be realized by promoting the renewal of intestinal villi and repairing intestinal barriers, and the permeability of the intestinal tract is reduced, so that the aim of reducing the diarrhea is fulfilled.
Preferably, when the feed additive is used for preparing a pig feed capable of preventing the African swine fever, the feed additive is added into every ton of sow feed in an amount of 1-10kg, every ton of weaned piglet feed in an amount of 1-8kg, and every ton of growing-finishing pig feed in an amount of 1-10 kg.
Preferably, when the feed additive is used for preparing livestock feed capable of replacing antibiotic growth promoter, the addition amount of the feed additive in each ton of livestock feed is 0.3-0.5 kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the feed additive is prepared by taking functional organic trace elements, specific plant extracts, various plant essential oils and the like as main components, has certain antivirus and virus replication inhibiting effects, effectively resists and reduces invasion and damage of external bacteria and viruses, resists and reduces ASFV virus infection and damage to pig farms, can obviously reduce influenza viruses, and has obvious improvement effect on preventing diseases such as avian influenza, herpes simplex virus, myelitis and the like.
2. The feed additive has strong reducing capacity, can inhibit monocytes from generating superoxide, can reduce substances which have aerobic action on animals through olefinic bonds of the feed additive, can promote the monocytes to participate in an animal immune system in the form of fixed cells and free cells, transfer antigen-determined groups carried by the monocytes to lymphocytes after phagocytosing antigens, induce lymphocyte specific immune response, can effectively improve the immune function, the oxidation resistance and the spectrum antibacterial capacity of the animals, can promote the animals to perform healthy metabolism orderly, effectively improve the overall health level of the animals, and can replace antibiotic growth promoters.
3. The functional organic trace elements contained in the feed additive have the functions of enhancing the bacteriostasis, improving the immune function of an animal body, promoting the formation of MT in the animal body and playing the roles of assisting and strengthening the defense capacities and the functions of phagocyte, antibody and the like.
4. The specific plant material contained in the feed additive has stronger adsorption effect on viruses, can bind and adsorb pathogenic biotoxin in intestinal tracts to the maximum extent, reduces the link among toxin damage cells, reduces the death rate of intestinal epithelial cells, prevents immune barrier collapse and inflammation chain reaction and organ function limitation caused by the fact that the toxins enter a circulatory system of animals, improves digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, further prevents spreading and diffusion of the viruses, and improves the survival rate of the animals.
5. The plant essential oil contained in the feed additive provided by the invention mainly contains aromatic substances such as unsaturated lipids and terpenoids, and has the characteristics of wide antibacterial spectrum (various bacteria, fungi and the like), strong antibacterial activity and the like; the contained reductive terpenoid natural antioxidant has strong reducibility, inhibits macrophage from generating cytokine through self oxidation, prevents oxygen molecules from being converted into superoxide, aggravates tissue damage, and can interfere virus uncoating to cause virus death.
6. The fermented extract added in the feed additive can promote the growth of animals, enhance the immunity of organisms, provide rich nutrient substances and has no toxic or side effect.
7. The feed additive is used for preparing livestock feed, 1-10.0kg/T of large-dose feed additive is used, African swine fever and other similar swine diseases can be prevented, after the feed is fed for 15 days, the ASFV resistance of a swinery per se is improved, the morbidity of the swinery is reduced, and the measure of 'tooth extraction' in a farm to eliminate sick pigs is convenient; after the feed additive disclosed by the invention is fed to a whole pig farm infected with the African swine fever for 30 days, the death rate caused by the African swine fever is obviously reduced, and the number of healthy pigs in the whole pig farm reaches about 70% of the number of pigs before the disease occurs.
8. The feed additive is used for preparing livestock feed, and can replace antibiotics by using a small dosage of 0.3-0.5kg/T feed additive, so that pathogens are dissolved by combining single cells and antigen bodies, and the effects of resisting infection, neutralizing virosome toxin and improving the animal immunity are achieved.
9. The preparation method of the invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and short production period, and is suitable for mass production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIGS. 1 to 4 are the anatomical views of dead pigs in the nursery house according to application example 3.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
a feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoter comprises the following components by mass: 5 parts of copper hydroxymethionine, 6 parts of zinc hydroxymethionine, 23 parts of ferrous hydroxymethionine, 6 parts of manganese hydroxymethionine, 2 parts of honeysuckle extract, 3 parts of dandelion extract, 28 parts of anise oil and 27 parts of activated carbon.
The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning plant material (active carbon), air drying, drying in a dryer, pulverizing in a pulverizer, sieving with 10-200 mesh sieve, and mixing for 150s to obtain packet 1;
(2) mixing plant extract (flos Lonicerae extract) with the small bag 1 for 150s to obtain small bag 2;
(3) adding plant essential oil (star anise oil) into the small bag 2, and mixing for 150s to obtain a small bag 3 for later use;
(4) mixing organic microelements (copper hydroxymethionine, zinc hydroxymethionine, ferrous hydroxymethionine, and manganese hydroxymethionine) with the small bag 3 for 150s to obtain semi-finished product;
(5) the semi-finished products are filled into a small-package vacuum packaging bag according to a certain weight, and are filled into a large packaging bag according to a certain small-package quantity.
Example 2:
a feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoter comprises the following components by mass: 1 part of copper glycinate, 5 parts of zinc methionine, 18 parts of ferrous glycinate, 10 parts of hydroxyl manganese methionine, 2 parts of ginkgo leaf extract, 3 parts of isatis root extract, 2 parts of fructus forsythiae extract, 5 parts of tea tree oil, 2 parts of peppermint oil, 25 parts of star anise oil and 27 parts of rice hull powder.
The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning and airing the plant material (rice hull powder), drying in a dryer, crushing in a crusher, sieving with a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mixing for 300s to obtain a small bag 1 for later use;
(2) mixing the small bag 1 with organic trace elements (copper glycinate, zinc methionine, ferrous glycinate and manganese hydroxymethionine) for 300s to obtain a small bag 2 for later use;
(3) mixing plant extracts (folium Ginkgo extract, radix Isatidis extract, fructus forsythiae extract) and plant essential oil (tea tree oil, oleum Menthae Dementholatum, oleum Anisi Stellati) for 300s to obtain a packet 3;
(4) uniformly mixing the small bags 2 and 3 for 300s to obtain a semi-finished product;
(5) the semi-finished products are filled into a small-package vacuum packaging bag according to a certain weight, and are filled into a large packaging bag according to a certain small-package quantity.
Example 3:
a feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoter comprises the following components by mass: 4 parts of compound copper amino acid, 5 parts of compound zinc amino acid, 20 parts of threonine ferrous, 5 parts of manganese glycinate, 1 part of astragalus extract, 2 parts of patchouli extract, 2 parts of reed rhizome extract, 35 parts of anise oil, 2 parts of chili oil, 1 part of bergamot oil, 19 parts of corncob powder, 3 parts of fermented wheat germ extract and 1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract.
The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning and air drying plant material (corncob powder), drying in a dryer, pulverizing in a pulverizer, sieving with a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mixing for 200s to obtain a packet 1;
(2) mixing the small bag 1 with organic microelements (compound amino acid copper, compound amino acid zinc, threonine ferrous, and glycine manganese) for 180s to obtain small bag 2;
(3) mixing plant extracts (radix astragali extract, herba Agastaches extract, rhizoma Phragmitis extract) and plant essential oil (oleum Anisi Stellati, Capsici fructus oil, and bergamot oil) for 210s to obtain packet 3;
(4) mixing the small bags 2 and 3 for 210s, adding fermented wheat germ extract and saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, and mixing uniformly to obtain a semi-finished product;
(5) the semi-finished products are filled into a small-package vacuum packaging bag according to a certain weight, and are filled into a large packaging bag according to a certain small-package quantity.
Application example 1:
detection materials: the product obtained in example 1 had a total of 50 strains of different species of bacteria.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
1. activation of bacteria
20 mu L of each pathogen is absorbed and inoculated into 1ml of sterile TSB culture medium respectively, and cultured for 18h at the proper temperature and 180 rpm.
2. Product drip cracking verification
Respectively sucking 500 mu L of activated fresh bacterial liquid into a sterile test tube, adding 5-8ml of TSB semisolid culture medium with the temperature not higher than 45 ℃, uniformly mixing, respectively pouring onto a TSA flat plate, after the culture medium is solidified, respectively sucking 5 mu L of feed additive product (dissolved) samples prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention, dripping the samples at the central position of the flat plate, placing the flat plate in an open state for 10min, after air drying, inverting the sample at proper temperature, and culturing for 24 h.
3. Test results (as shown in Table 1)
Table 1: feed additive bactericidal results prepared in example 1
Note: +++: the compound is shown to be cleavable, and the cleavage spot is clear; ++: indicating that the sample can be cracked and the cracked spot is slightly blurred; +: indicating cleavable, blurred cleaved spots; and (2) preparing: indicating indehiscent.
As can be seen from Table 1, the product prepared by the invention has good bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on main harmful pathogenic microorganisms in livestock, poultry and aquaculture processes, thereby reducing the morbidity of cultured animals, improving the culture environment, improving the immunity and disease resistance of organisms, and playing a role in preventing diseases and replacing antibiotics.
Application example 2:
the number of the stock cases before the onset of the African swine fever in a certain pig farm is as follows: 58 sows and 125 nursery pigs, wherein the nursery pigs are sold in the pig farm, and the growing-finishing pigs are not fed in the own pig farm.
Because the pig farm implements a strict epidemic prevention system, no medicament or nutritional additive for preventing the African swine fever is adopted in the prior art. In the 3 pregnant sow houses 6-15.2019, two sows in the same pigsty die suddenly, and meanwhile, the fact that a few pigs in the pigsty have high fever and the feed intake is reduced sharply is found, and then the responsible person suspects that the pigs are infected with the African swine fever. The distribution of pigs in the pig farm is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: distribution of pigs in pig farm
The feed additive product prepared in example 1 of the invention was used from 2019, 6 and 18 months, the addition amount was 1.0kg/T, and the situation dynamics of the pigs in the whole farm are shown in Table 3:
table 3: dynamic situation of pigs in the whole field
Remarking: after discovering the African swine fever from a pig farm, the pigs are strictly prohibited to come in and go out all the time, and newly born piglets are not counted during the period;
from the data, the feed additive product prepared by the invention is used only after the infected pig is found, and the early-stage part of the susceptible pig is not expressed, so that the early-stage death rate is high; after 14 days, the situation of the pigs is stabilized, and the survival rate is stabilized at about 70%. The reason why the feed additive product prepared by the invention reduces the death rate of pigs is probably that: 1. influence the uncoating of the African swine fever virus, which leads to the reduction of the infection rate; 2. improve the immunity of the pigs and reduce the death caused by diseases.
Application example 3:
the number of the stock cases before the onset of the African swine fever in a certain pig farm is as follows: one boar, 112 sows, 260 nursery pigs and 865 growing-finishing pigs (taking out part of the nursery pigs).
The pig farm is implemented with a strict epidemic prevention system, and simultaneously a part of Chinese herbal medicines are added, but the body temperature of one pregnant sow is rapidly increased in 7-month and 3-month days in 2019, the feed intake is reduced, the sow is basically not fed, two sows are killed suddenly in a nursery house in 7-month and 4-month in 2019, and one of the sows is dissected.
The anatomical diagrams are shown in figures 1-4, and from the anatomical diagrams, it can be seen that the dead sick pig has a remarkable African swine fever disease.
8.0kg/T of the feed additive product prepared in the invention example 2 is added to the breeding pigs and 10.0kg/T of the feed additive product is added to the sows and the growing-finishing pigs from 7 months and 6 days in 2019, and the situation that only the pigs are kept in the market at each stage after the feed additive product is used is shown in Table 4:
table 4: the situation that the pigs are only stored in the pigsty at each stage after the additive in the feed is used
It can be seen from the test data that with the use of the feed additive product prepared by the invention, the health condition of the pigs in all stages of the whole field is stabilized, and particularly, the death rate of the pigs is obviously reduced after the feed additive product is used for about 14 days. From the aspect of the death rate of pigs in different stages, the survival rate of sows and nursery pigs is low, namely about 50%, while the survival rate of growing-finishing pigs reaches about 78%, probably because the immunity of pregnant sows, suckling sows and weaned piglets is low and the survival rate is not high.
Application example 4:
use example of the feed supplement product obtained in example 3 for replacing antibiotic growth promoters in weaned piglets.
1. Design of experiments
Selecting 108 weaned piglets with 25 days old and similar weight, randomly dividing into 3 groups, wherein each group has 6 repetitions, and each repetition has 6 pigs; 1 group is negative control, basic daily ration without antibiotic is fed, 2 groups are control groups, 300mg/kg of oxytetracycline calcium (calculated by oxytetracycline calcium) is added on the basis of feeding basic daily ration, 75mg/kg of aureomycin (calculated by aureomycin) is added, 20mg/kg of enramycin (calculated by enramycin) is added, 3-4 groups are test groups, 0.3kg/T and 0.5kg/T of the invention are added on the basis of respectively feeding basic daily rationThe prepared feed additive product completely replaces the three antibiotics, the formula of the test daily ration is designed according to the NRC2012 nutritional standard, and the nutrition levels of other treatment groups are consistent with those of a control group except that the additive amount of the medicament and the feed additive product prepared by the invention is inconsistent. The test period was 28 days, during which the initial temperature was 26 ℃ and then decreased by 1 ℃ every 7 days, with the relative humidity of the air maintained at 65-75%. The experimental piglets are raised at 1.2 multiplied by 2m in different columns2In the ring, a plastic-sprayed floor with a leak, a stainless steel adjustable trough and a nipple-shaped water fountain. The powder is used for feeding, and the food is taken and drunk freely.
2. Detecting the index
The feed intake of each repetition is recorded in the test process, the weight of each repetition is weighed at the beginning and the end of the test, 2 piglets are slaughtered in each repetition, the intestinal tract at the tail end of the intestine is taken back for scoring, the complete score of the intestinal tract is 4, the score of the serious intestinal inflammation is 1, 4 grades are obtained in total, and the number of dead and scoured piglets in each repetition in the test process is recorded. The test results are shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5: influence of different antibiotics and products prepared by the invention on growth performance and intestinal tract score of weaned pigs
As can be seen from the table above, the indexes of the final weight, the daily gain, the daily feed intake, the material weight ratio, the intestinal tract score and the death rate of each group tested by the test are obviously different, the effect of the product prepared by adding 0.3kg/T of the antibiotic additive is basically equivalent to that of the product prepared by adding the antibiotic additive, and the effect of the product prepared by adding 0.5kg/T of the antibiotic additive is superior to that of the product prepared by adding the antibiotic additive and the product prepared by adding 0.3kg/T of the antibiotic additive on the death rate.
Application example 5:
an application example of replacing the antibiotic growth promoter with the feed additive product obtained in the example 2 in the broiler chicken.
1. Design of experiments
480 feathers are selected to hatch 1-day-old healthy Yijia broilers from the same hatchery. The broiler chicken is placed in a broiler chicken cage for feeding, freely takes food and water during the whole process, and is immunized according to a conventional immunization program. Randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 replicates each, each replicate 20 feathers. 1 group is a negative control group, the negative control group is fed with basic daily ration added with coccidiostat but not added with growth-promoting antibiotics, 2 groups are positive control groups, 5mg/kg (calculated by enramycin) of enramycin is added on the basis of the basic daily ration, 3-4 groups are test groups, 0.3kg/T and 0.5kg/T of the feed additive product prepared by the invention are respectively added on the basis of the basic daily ration to replace the enramycin in the positive control group, except that the additive amount of the enramycin and the feed additive product prepared by the invention is different, other factors of each treatment group in the test daily ration are kept consistent, the test period is 42 days, and the feeding management is carried out according to the handbook of AA broiler feeding management.
2. Detecting the index
Weighing the broilers on the 1 st day and the 42 th day of the test, recording the feed intake and the death rate of the broilers, calculating the average daily gain, the average daily feed intake, the feed-to-weight ratio and the death rate of the broilers in different stages, taking back the intestinal tract at the tail end of the intestine to score, wherein the intestinal tract is completely scored by 4, the intestinal tract inflammation is seriously scored by 1, and 4 grades are calculated. The test results are shown in Table 6 below.
Table 6: influence of different antibiotics and products prepared by the method on growth performance and intestinal tract score of white feather broilers
| Item | Negative control group | Enramycin group | 0.3kg/T | 0.5kg/T | SEM | P value |
| Number of repetitions | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | ||
| Initial weight of test, g | 54.28 | 54.31 | 54.29 | 54.30 | 0.84 | 0.98 |
| Final weight of test, g | 2726.29a | 2876.62a | 2878.76b | 2873.86b | 50.83 | 0.03 |
| Daily gain g | 63.62 | 67.20 | 67.25 | 67.15 | 4.39 | 0.36 |
| Daily food intake, g | 102.43 | 102.82 | 101.55 | 102.07 | 13.47 | 0.95 |
| Material to weight ratio | 1.61a | 1.53b | 1.51b | 1.52b | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Mortality rate% | 3.15a | 2.04b | 2.01b | 2.03b | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| Intestinal scoring | 1.78a | 3.01b | 3.12b | 3.27b | 0.06 | 0.02 |
As can be seen from the table above, significant differences are detected in the indexes of the final weight, the daily gain, the daily feed intake, the material weight ratio, the intestinal tract score and the mortality rate of each test group, the effect of the feed additive product prepared by adding 0.3kg/T of the feed additive is basically equivalent to the effect of adding 5mg/kg of the feed additive, and the results show that the feed additive products prepared by adding 0.5kg/T and 0.3kg/T of the feed additive have no significant difference in the effects.
From application example 4 and application example 5, it can be known that the feed additive product prepared by adding 0.3-0.5kg/T of the invention can completely replace the antibiotic growth promoter in weaned piglets and broilers, the feed additive product prepared by adding 0.5kg/T of the invention in weaned piglets can obtain better survival rate, and the feed additive product prepared by adding 0.3-0.5kg/T of the invention in livestock and poultry feed can completely replace the antibiotic growth promoter.
Application example 6:
in a certain pig farm, the number of nursery pigs is 800 before the onset of classical swine fever (without inoculating classical swine fever vaccine).
The piglets are bought to return to the pig farm in 2019, 4 and 28 days, some pigs are found to show reduced feed intake and mental depression accompanied with persistent high fever in 2019, 5 and 13 days, and are detected to be infected with classical swine fever virus (CSF).
200 of nursery pigs in 2019, 5 months and 16 days are used as a control group, ordinary nursery pig feed is fed, the remaining 600 of nursery pigs are used as test groups (each group is guaranteed to contain sick pigs), the feed additive product prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is added according to the standard of 4.0kg/T when the test groups are fed, and the condition that only pigs are stored in the nursery after the feed additive product is used is shown in a table 7:
table 7: the situation that the pigs are only stored after the additive in the feed is used
It can be seen from the test data that with the use of the feed additive product of the present invention, the swinery of the test group is stabilized, especially after about 18 days of use, the death rate of the pigs is significantly slowed down, the survival rate at the later stage is stabilized at about 70%, while the survival rate of the pigs of the control group which is not fed with the feed additive product of the present invention is continuously decreased, and the survival rate of the final pigs is only about half of that of the test group of the present invention. The reason why the feed additive product can effectively reduce the death rate of pigs infected with classical swine fever pig groups is that the feed additive can improve the immunity of the pigs, improve the resistance of the pigs to viruses through the increase of the immunity, and reduce the morbidity of the pigs so as to achieve the effect of preventing the virus infection.
Application example 7:
in a certain pig farm, the number of stored pigsties before the outbreak of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is as follows: 9 sows, 1 boar, 45 nursery pigs and 56 growing-finishing pigs.
In the pig farm, in 2019, 7, 28 days, 1 pregnant sow is found to have fever and inappetence, and in 7, 29 days, 3 breeding pigs are found to have cyanosis and eyelid swelling, which are detected to be infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS).
And 4, randomly selecting 20 nursery pigs and 28 growing-finishing pigs in 31 months in 2019, dividing the nursery pigs and the 28 growing-finishing pigs into control groups, and feeding the nursery pigs and the finishing pigs with corresponding feed. The rest of the pigs were used as test groups (each group was guaranteed to contain sick pigs), the feed additive prepared in example 2 of the invention was added to the feed of nursery pigs according to the standard of 8.0kg/T, the feed additive product prepared in example 2 of the invention was added to the rest of the pigs according to the standard of 4.0kg/T, and the conditions of the pigs only being kept after use are shown in Table 8:
table 8: the situation that pigs are only stored in the pigsty at each stage after the feed additive is used
In addition, 6 nursery pigs were randomly selected from the control group and the test group, and the anterior vena cava blood sampling was performed, and the detection of the relevant indexes of antioxidation was averaged, and the influence of the feed additive of the present invention on the pig antioxidant ability is shown in table 9.
Table 9: influence on pig antioxidant capacity after using the feed additive
From the test data, it can be seen that with the use of the feed additive product of the present invention, the health condition of the pigs in the test group is stable, and the survival rate is stable at about 63% after about 12 days of use, which is improved by about 24% compared with the control group. In addition, the feed additive can also effectively improve the SOD and GSH-Px levels of organisms and reduce the MDA content (P is less than 0.05). The pig can improve the oxidation resistance after eating the feed additive product containing the invention, can remove oxygen free radicals increased due to virus infection, further reduce the damage of the pig to organs, and ensure that the pig can only live through the 'gift washing' of the virus "
Application example 8:
in a certain pig farm, the number of stored pigsties before the outbreak of the porcine pseudorabies is as follows: 125 sows, 5 boars, 160 suckling piglets, 180 nursery pigs and 504 growing-finishing pigs, and the total number is 974 pigs.
The pig farm found 2 suckling piglets in 2019, 10, 9 and 9 days show symptoms of high fever, defecation, vomiting, mental depression and unstable gait, the temperature of a lactating sow of the suckling piglet is measured, low fever is found, the virus replication in an animal body is blocked, and the infection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) is detected.
50 sows, 80 suckling piglets, 80 nursery pigs and 200 growing-finishing pigs are randomly selected from the pig farm, 410 pigs are used as a control group, and the rest pigs are used as test groups (ensuring that each group contains sick pigs). And the feed additive product prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is added to the feed of sows, suckling piglets and nursing pigs in the test group according to the standard of 6.0kg/T from 2019, 10 and 11 months, the feed of boars and growing-finishing pigs in the test group is added to the feed of the boars and growing-finishing pigs according to the standard of 2.0kg/T, and the conditions of only storing the pigs after use are shown in the table 10:
table 10: the situation that the pigs are only stored after the feed additive is used
As can be seen from the test data, with the use of the feed additive product prepared by the invention, the survival rate of the pigs in the test group reaches 92.73 percent, and is improved by about 20 percent compared with the control group. Thereafter, the sows in the test group were able to estrate normally and successfully mate. The feed additive prepared by the invention can further have a good prevention effect on the swinery, so that the swinery is not infected with diseases or the damage of viruses to the organism can be eliminated through the autoimmunity level, and the survival rate of the swinery is improved.
Application example 9:
in a certain pig farm, before the outbreak of the porcine epidemic diarrhea, the number of stored pigsties is as follows: 36 sows, 1 boar, 41 suckling piglets and 126 nursery pigs.
The pig farm found that 3 young suckling piglets are dehydrated, vomited and watery diarrhea in 11 months and 3 days in 2019, and are detected to be infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV).
94 pigs (18 sows, 20 suckling piglets and 56 nursery pigs) in the pig farm were used as control groups, and the remaining 110 pigs were used as test groups (each group was guaranteed to contain sick pigs). The feed additive product prepared in the example 1 of the invention is added to the feed of the suckling piglets and the nursery pigs in the test group according to the standard of 9.0kg/T from 11/6 th 2019, and the rest are added according to the standard of 3.0kg/T, and the condition that the pigs only keep the pigs after use is shown in the table 11:
table 11: the situation that the pigs are only stored after the feed additive is used
After the experiment is finished, 4 suckling piglets are randomly selected from each group, 8 piglets are slaughtered, jejunum and ileum sections of about 3-10cm are taken, and conventional slices are prepared for observing the intestinal morphology. The effect of the feed additive products prepared according to the invention on the morphology of the porcine intestine (averaged) is shown in table 12.
Table 12: the influence of the feed additive prepared by the invention on the intestinal form of pigs
From the test data, it can be seen that the survival rate of the pigs in the test group is stabilized at about 86% after the feed additive product of the invention is used for about 11 days, which is improved by about 10% compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the feed additive can obviously improve the ratio of the villus height of jejunum and ileum to the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum (P is less than 0.05). This shows that the feed additive product prepared by the invention may play a good role in prevention on one hand, so that pigs are protected from PEDV; on the other hand, intestinal injury caused by PEDV can be repaired, and intestinal barriers can be repaired, so that diarrhea of piglets is relieved, and health is recovered.
As noted above, the term "about" in the concentration of a formulation component generally refers to +/-5% of the stated value, more generally to +/-4% of the stated value, more generally to +/-3% of the stated value, more generally to +/-2% of the stated value, even more generally to +/-1% of the stated value, and even more generally to +/-0.5% of the stated value.
Throughout this document, certain embodiments may be disclosed in a range format. The description of the range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the disclosed ranges. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible sub-ranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, a description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as individual numbers within that range such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various other modifications and adaptations of the present application are apparent without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, and all such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 5-50 parts of organic trace elements, 5-45 parts of plant extracts, 5-38 parts of plant essential oil and 10-60 parts of plant materials.
2. The feed additive of claim 1 wherein the organic trace elements include one or more of copper hydroxy methionine, iron hydroxy methionine, zinc hydroxy methionine, manganese hydroxy methionine, chromium hydroxy methionine, copper hydroxy methionine, iron methionine, zinc methionine, manganese methionine, chromium methionine, copper glycine, iron glycine, zinc glycine, manganese glycine, chromium glycine, copper threonine, iron threonine, zinc threonine, manganese threonine, chromium threonine, zinc tryptophan, copper tryptophan, ferrous tryptophan, manganese tryptophan, copper complex amino acid, iron complex amino acid, zinc complex amino acid, manganese complex amino acid, and chromium complex amino acid.
3. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the plant extract comprises one or more of ginkgo biloba extract, honeysuckle extract, isatis root extract, astragalus extract, licorice extract, forsythia extract, acorus gramineus extract, dandelion extract, pogostemon cablin extract, anemarrhena asphodeloides extract, curcuma aromatica extract, rehmanniae radix extract, beautyberry extract, and reed rhizome extract; the plant essential oil comprises one or more of origanum oil, capsicum oil, tea tree oil, clove essential oil, bergamot oil, cinnamon essential oil, peppermint oil and anise oil.
4. The feed additive of claim 1 wherein the plant material comprises one or more of alfalfa meal, corncob meal, rice hull meal, beanstalk meal, defatted rice bran, peanut hull meal, activated carbon, and non-activated carbon.
5. The feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the feed additive further comprises 1 to 10 parts by mass of fermented extract; the fermented extract comprises fermented wheat germ extract and/or saccharomyces cerevisiae extract.
6. A process for the preparation of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) cleaning and airing the plant materials, drying the plant materials in a dryer, then putting the dried plant materials in a crusher for crushing, sieving the crushed plant materials by a sieve with 10-200 meshes, and uniformly mixing the crushed plant materials to obtain a small bag 1 for later use;
(2) uniformly mixing the plant extract with the small bag 1 to obtain a small bag 2 for later use;
(3) adding the plant essential oil into the small bag 2 and mixing to obtain a small bag 3 for later use;
(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the organic trace elements and the small bags 3 to obtain the product.
7. A process for the preparation of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) cleaning and airing the plant materials, drying the plant materials in a dryer, then putting the dried plant materials in a crusher for crushing, sieving the crushed plant materials by a sieve with 10-200 meshes, and uniformly mixing the crushed plant materials to obtain a small bag 1 for later use;
(2) uniformly mixing the small packet 1 and the organic trace elements to obtain a small packet 2 for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing the plant extract and the plant essential oil to obtain a small bag 3 for later use;
(4) and uniformly mixing the small bags 2 and 3 to obtain the product.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (4), the product is obtained by uniformly mixing the small bag 2 and the small bag 3, and then adding the fermentation extract for mixing for 300-500 s; the fermented extract comprises fermented wheat germ extract and/or saccharomyces cerevisiae extract.
9. The method as set forth in claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein the mixing time of the step (1), the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4) is 150-300 s.
10. Use of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or prepared by a method according to any one of claims 6 to 9 for the preparation of a pig feed for the prevention of African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or for the preparation of a feed for livestock which can replace antibiotic growth promoters.
11. The use of claim 10, wherein the other swine diseases include classical swine fever, blue ear disease, pseudorabies, or epidemic diarrhea.
12. The use according to claim 10 or 11, wherein when the feed additive is used for preparing a pig feed for preventing African swine fever, the feed additive is added in an amount of 1-10kg per ton of sow feed, 1-8kg per ton of weaned piglet feed and 1-10kg per ton of growing-finishing pig feed; when the feed additive is used for preparing livestock feed for preventing other similar pig diseases, the addition amount of the feed additive in each ton of livestock feed is 1.0-10.0 kg; when the feed additive is used for preparing livestock feed capable of replacing antibiotic growth promoter, the addition amount of the feed additive in each ton of livestock feed is 0.3-0.5 kg.
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| PCT/SG2020/050277 WO2021137751A1 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-14 | Feed additive for preventing african swine fever disease and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promotants and methods of making and using the same |
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| CN114886027A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-12 | 湖南诺泽生物科技有限公司 | Pig feed containing anise essential oil and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113767937A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 江西中医药大学 | Compound essential oil composition, preparation method and application |
| CN113826768A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-24 | 广州朴成农牧科技有限公司 | Low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch and preparation method thereof |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| SG10201914042SA (en) | 2021-07-29 |
| WO2021137751A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
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